.

()

* *
* *

22 3193

.
 1391

( :A )

-1 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )1 .

-2
)2 )1
)4 )3
( )1 .

-3 .
)4 )3 )1 )2
( )2 .

-4 6 11 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )3 .

-5 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )4 .

-6 ( ) .
)2 )1
)4 )3
( )4 .

-7 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )2 .

-8 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )1 .

-9 .
)2 )1
)4 )3
( )3 .

1
 1391

-11 .
)4 )3 )2 )1
( )2 .

:B

.
()
( )
. 2 .
22
1522 73
. 112 ( ) .
11

( )1 .

( thereby ) ( . ( 12
) .

.
12

( )4 .

( ) 8 ( 38 37)
( )4 :

Robotics technologies that are being adapted by engineers interested in preventing even small landslides,

( )3( )1
. ( ) 2
.

13

( )3 .

and ( )homes
. lives ( ) .

2
 1391

thousands of homes and lives

(:)1

live ( ) ( ) .

(:)2

living ( ).

(:)4

life .

thousands of ( )3
.

14

( )4 .

( into ) .

...... 1522 73
.

15

( )2 .

( 246 )
.

( )slopes too so
( )steep ( )slope ( steep ) enough
( )4 .

( )2 such (
) (
):

) ( such steep slopes

3
 1391

-16 1 .
-17 2 .
-18 4 .
-19 3 .
-22 4 .
-21 4 .
-22 1 .
-23 4 .
-24 2 .
-25 3 .
-26 3 .
-27 3 .
-28 1 .
-29 2 .
-32 3 .

-31 2 .

xdx 2
2 1 a
a


2 2

X a n Cosnx x
2 n 1

x2
a
x n sin nx c x
2 2 n 1 n

c .
.
2
2 x2 2
an

2 2
x dx
n 1 n

2 x 4 2 2 1 3 2
an

4 4
x x dx
n 1 n
2
2 x 5 2 3 1 4 a n
2

x x
2 12 8 n 1 n

2 5 5 5 a n
2

2 13 8 n 1 n

4
 1391

4 4 4 12 2 3 4
2
2 4 an

1 6 4 12 12 n 1 n

a
4 3

n
n 1 n 6
. 1 -32
f z ez e z f z 1

. e f z C
z

f z cez f 1 c 1

y ex , x Ln2 1 2
arg y , y arg
V

x
Ln2 u
1 2

. 1 -33
1
z 1 t z t 1 , t 1
t 1
3

1 1
3
t 1 3
1
t
1 1 1
. x
1 x
3 3
t 1
1
t
1
1 x x 2 x 3 x 4 ...
1 x
1
1 2x 3 x 2 4x 3 ...
1 x
2

2
2 6x 12u 2 ...
1 x
3

1 1 3 a6
1 3 x 6x ...
2
1 2
1 x
3 3
1 t t
1
t

5
 1391

. 3 -34
z 1 chz z ,1 cos iz cos iz 1
iz 2k 1 z i 2k 1
. z i z i z i
ez 1
a 1 z 1
z z 1 chz

ez 1 t e t i 1
b1 z i z i t

z i z 1 chz t i 1 ch t i
t

1 e t
t 2
2
t
t 1 i 1 cht 1 i t 2 i
1
2
I 4ia 1 2ib1 4i 4
. 2 -35

X 2X X A cos x Bsin x

X X B

X 1 X 1 cos 2n 1
2
1
T 2T T T T 2T 1 4 T
2 2

4
T S 2S 1 4 S 1 2j
2 2

T e t A cos 2t Bsin 2t

T Be sin 2t , 2n 1
t

T A 2
. 1 -36
u r, cos
2n 1
u r, Cos 2n 1
2 2
F r Ar Br
r B F r Ar


2n 1
u r, Ar cos ,
n 1 2

u r, f Ar cos
n 1

. f

6
 1391

2
f cos d

Aa

2 2 2 2
Aa cos d

sin 2 sin
2

2 sin
A 2
a
. 3 -37

T1 x c t

f x 2c t x 2c t
T2
x
T1

f x 2c t 2c t
x
T
2 2c t
x
1 2c t
u x, t T2e d x Te
2
dz
1
2c t

1
u x, t T2e d x T2e d x Te
2 2 2
d 1 Te 2
d

1
2c t 2c t

x x
1 1 2c t 1 2c t 2 1
u x, t T2 T2e d d
2
Te T1
2 2
1

T T T T x
u x, t 2 1 1 2
2 2 2c t
.
. 1 -38

D2 D D 1 y sin1 z D2 1 y sin1 z
S2 1 S j y n A cos z Bsin z
cos z sin z
y p u1 cos z u 2 sin z w 1
sin z cos z

sin z
w1
u1 1 1 u1 z
w cos z
sin z

7
 1391

cos z
w2
u2 1 cot gz u 2 Ln sin z
w sin z
sin z
y p z cos z sin zLn sin z
y y n y p A cos Lnx Bsin Lnx Ln x cos Lnx sin Lnx Ln sin Lnx

. 4 -39

x x 4 x t x x 4(x t)
I e sin 3tdt dx L e sin 3tdt
t t s
x e 4t
L x e4 x sin 3tdt
t
L 3
sin 3t 2
s 9
sin 3t L 3ds s s
2 tg 1 cot g 1
t s s 9 2 3 3

e4t s4
cot g 1
L
sin 3t
t 3
x e 4 t L 1 s4
sin 3tdt cot g 1
t s 3
x e 4 t 1 s
e4 x cot g 1
L
sin 3tdt

t s4 3
1 s s
4t cot g cot g 1
4x x e d 3 3 3
xe
L
sin 3tdt
t
ds s 4 s2 9 s 4

s 42
1 s
cot g
I
3
3
1


2
2
s 9 s 4 s 4 s

12 32

. 2 -42

8
 1391

y s 1
sy s 2y s 2
e s L x 1 e s L 1 x e 2s L x
s s
y s 1 es es es es e2s
2
s 2s 1 s
2 2
s s s

s
2 2
s s
1 2es e2s
s 12 y s
s s
2es e2s 1 1 s 2
y s
1
s s 1
2
s s 1
2

1

2e e
s s 12 s 1

y t 1 te t e t 2 1 t 1 e e u1 t
t 1 t 1

1 t 2 e t 2
e u2 t
t 2

1 1 t e t t 1
yt
t t
1 2e 1 t e e 1 t 2

. 1 -41
. 2
y
YX
1

1
2

1
x
1 1
4 2 YX
2
:
1 1
1 2x dx 1 2 2x dx
1 1 1 1
4
1 2dy dx
2
x
1
4
2 dy dx 4
4

1 1
1 1 2 1 5 7 14 7
x x 4 2x x 1 2 1 1
2 2
4 16 4 16 16 16 16 8

4

. 3 -42
e t e t
cos ht
2

9
 1391

1 e t e t 1 1 t 1 t
M x t 1 e e
2 2 2 4 4

Mx t E etx P e P 1 et1 P 1 e
t 1

P X 1 P X 1 P X 1
1 1 2 1
2
4 4 4 2

2 1
. 4 -43

. . 1 rad
s

) ( KVL : j1 2I J I v1 I 2 j jv1 )1(

KVL1 : j1 1 I v1 v1 j1 I )2(
)2( )1( : j1 I 2 j jv1 I 2 j j j1 I

I 5 j5 v1 j1 I j1 5 j5 5 j5
:
1
2
Pv1 Re VI Re v2v1*
1
2
v2 j I v1 j I v1 j 5 j5 5 j 5 1
1
Pv1 Re 1 5 j5 25 W
2
. 3 -44
R X min 1 k

8 6 2
i 4 mA
5 k 5

12
 1391

-45 2 .
s 1 s 3 s 4
Zin K
(s 2) s 6 2 64
12 6
Zin k 3k 5
2 1 12

I
vi

5

5 s 2 s 6 2 64 1

Zin Zin 5 s 1 s 3 s 4 /
i t /1 t
-46 4 .
b a .

b a :
1 25
R th 1 || 25 2
125
2 1
v th 16 V
1 25
R L .

v 2 i1 I 3 i1 5 i1 2 I ()1
( KVL :16 3 i1 2 i1 I 3 i1 )
8I
16 8 i1 2I i1 ()2
4
( )2 ()1
V 5 i1 2 I

5 8 4 I 2 I 1 7/ 5 I

V 7/ 5 I 1 R th I Vth
1 . R L . R L 7/ 5 V

11
 1391

PL vLiL 25
vL 1 7/ 5 iL 25 vLiL 1 7/ 5 i L i L
7/ 5 i2L 1 iL 25 15 i2L 2 iL 5

1 1 2 5 15 1 5
iL
15 15
1
i L1 1 A , i L2 A
3
VL 25
25V R L1 1 2/ 5
25
i L1 1 A vL1
i L1 i L1 1
1 25 25
i L2 vL2 75 V
3 i L2 1
3
vL 75
R L2 2 22/ 5
i L2 1
3
. 1 -47
. T

kb
H
11
v2 8
s bk 8
v1 11

s j k s2 1 a , b 1 k 8

a , b,k , 1, 8
. 1 -48
. KCL B A

12
 1391

KCL A : i1 2v1 i i i1 2v1 )1(

KCL B : 2v1 i i 2i1 i2 2v1 2i 2i1 i2 )2(
)2( ) 1(
2v1 2 i1 2v1 2i1 i2 i2 4i1 2v1 )3(
. KVL
KVL : v1 v2 2i v2 2i1 2v1 v2 2i1 4v1
5 v1 v2 2i1 )4(
.
v1 i1
i H v
2 2
. ) 4( )3( i2 v1

i2 4i1 2v1
* *
*
5v1 v2 2i1

2 1
v1* i1 v2
5 5

i*2 4i1 2v1* i*2 4i1 2 52 i 51 v

1 2

16 2
i*2 i v
5 1 5 2
2 1
v1* 5 5 i1

i2 16
* 2 v2

5 5
. 3 -49
. is vs .

KVL : vL L 2 2 VL
1 v
s s
1
s
13
 1391

1 2

1 2
v L 1 2 4 2 3
s s s s

3s2 2s 1 3s2 2s 1 3s 1 s 1
1
s1,2 1 ,
3
s 1 .
-52 4 .

KCL A : 2v 2v i v i v
1
2
1
KVL : v 2i i 2v
4
1 1 1 1
2i i v i i v
4 2 8 4
1 1
i 8 4 i
v 1 N
1
2
-51 3 .
.

KVL :
s
s 1 1
1 I1 I1 1
s

s2 1 I1 s 12 I1 2 s2 2s 1 I1

.
2 2
1
2 2s 1 s
2

2 s 1 e
2
. 2.

14
 1391

. 2 -52

. t

j j sin t
v x vc1 vc1 t
2 2 2
vc 1 1
IL1 1 i L1 t cos t
j2 4 4

vc1 v
, i L1 14 A
: dc

4
IL2 2 2A

v
c2

i L iL iL 2
1 7
1 2 4 4
vc vc1 vc2

t
ic 74
ic 74 7
de
dt

1 1 2
2 2
. 1 -53
.

15
 1391

1
v 3i x i x 2/ 5 i x
2
1 1
KVL : i x I 2i x j2i x I 2i x
2 4j
I I 2 j 2 I 1 j
ix
2 j2 44 4

v 2/ 5 i x v
5 I
5

1 j 1 j I
2 4 8

b a 5 5 j.
8 8
R L :
5 5 1
Zth j j
8 8 2c
5 1 4
Im Zth c F
8 2c 5
-54 2 .
:

I1
v2 v1 v1 I2 s
v2 I1 2s I2
1 1 2s s 2s
2s

i1 t 2i2 t 2 2e2t e t u t

-55 4 .
:
P1 G1G2G 3
P2 G4
:
1 G1H1 G2H2 G3H3 G4H3H2H1 G1H1G3H3
:
1 1
2 1 G2H2
16
 1391

-56 2 .
. :
S4 1 5 K
S3 5 4
2 21
S K
5
84
S1 5K
5
S K
42 2 84
K . K K .
25 5 25
k
K V lims G s / 42
s 4
-57 3 .
2
%1 .
%1 .
-58 2 .
:
K V lim s G s 4
s
:
s s 4s 16 s
2 2
2ns 2n / 5 , n 4
1
s s2 4 16 s 16 n 4 2 :
2
:
4
KV
1 4
.

-59 3 .
1 d 2x
V F M . F MV F
M dt 2

:
t t
1 1 1
Vt F d
M M
t
:

17
 1391

1 1
Vt t
M
t :
1
V
M
-62 1 .
d2x
F M .
dt 2
x1 x
x2 V x

x1 x 2
1
x2 x F
M
u F:
x1 x 2
1
x2 u
M
-61 3
.
.
1
(s) 1 k . :
)s(s 1)(s 2
S3 3S2 2S K
S3 1 2
S2 3 K K6
S1 6K
S K
:
dk 3
3S2 6S 2 s 1
ds 3
3
1 . K : /43
3
1 1 1
L s
K / 4 / 6 1/ 6 k
. K / 4 3 .

-62 2 .
Z 2 .

18
 1391

N 1 P 1 .
-63 4 .
1
T s c sI A B :
1
s 3 6
T s 2 2
5 s k 1 s ks 15
K T ks
STK 2
T K s ks 15
-64 3 .
K y s
T s
S K R s
:
y t ky t kr t
y t: B
ky s k
A
sy s y t
s
KA
b
A
s k y s B k y s s
s sK
:

y t A 1 ekt Bekt
:
e t A y t ekt A B
:
2
2 2kt 1
2
dt A B e2kt
A B
I A B e
2k

2k
-65 4 .
.
2 3 . 1 4 ,1 . .
-66 1 .
3 4 18 2
18 . .

19
 1391

. 2 -67

yt



x u t 2 1 d t 2 1

x d
3
y 2 x d

: TI . 3 t 2
t t 2 1
yt t x d
t 2 1
T x t t x t d
. TV T x t t y t t

. 4 -68
1
x t et u t x s , Re s 1
s 1
2 t 4
yt e y s 2 , 2 Re s 2
s 4
y s 4 s 1
H s , 2 Re s 2
x s s2 4
. H s s . H s
. 1 -69
1 2 1
1 jk n
jk n 1
ak x n e x n e 2 A
x n x n x 2 4a x 2 1
N n n 4 n 2 n 2 n 2
1
jk n
x n a ke jk n
ak e 2
k n k 2
1 1
x 2 a k e jk a k 1 2
k

k 2 k 2

1 A 4a x 2 4 2 2


X x n e jn B X
3
n

: x n

k
X 2a k k 2a k
3
k k

. X
3

22
 1391

. 1 -72
: . x k X t

Xt x k e jk t x k e jkt
k k

: X t

F X t 2 x k k 1
k
:

j j t
A X e 2 d X e 2 dt FX t

2
. )1(
2 1 2
B X d d
2
X

. X x n
:
1 2 1 2
B X d x n
2 2 n
. 4 -71
t 1
x1 t
2
t 1 t 1
y1 t *
2 2
2
2Sin j
e
y1
H 1
x1 2Sin

1 1 1 1
1 . y2 t H e jt H e jt x2 t Cos t e jt e jt
2 2 2 2
. 1 X1 H H
. 1 -72
: b t a t
h t

t
1 2 3 4 5

21
 1391

h t dt h t t h t

.
. 3 -73

k n k , k

h n , k
n k , k

1
yn x k h n , k x k n k x k k n k
k k k
1
y n x n n k nx n n k
k k

nx n , n

y n x n u n 1 ux n u n
x n , n 1

. . n
. 2 -74
d x 2t d x 2t
x t x 2t t
dt dt
1
Xt X j X j j X
2 2 2 2 2 2
:

d x 2t
1
F t j j X X X

dt
2 2 2 2 4 2
1
. X X
2 2 2
d x 2t j2t d x 2t
I t e dt F t
dt dt 2
1 2
I X 1 X 1
2 4
1 1
. X 1 1 X
2 2
:
1 2 1 1
I
2 4 2 4
. 1 -75
N 6 , x n Fs ak

22
 1391

x
x n , Fs 1
N 12 , x 2 n 2 a k
2
n ,

N 12 , 2x 2 n a k
Fs

1
12 1 . n 12k
12
12 n 12k
k k
. :

bk a k 1 y n 2x 2 n 12 n 12k
k
y 6 2x 2 6 2x 3
-76 4 .
(( )) (( ))
.
. .
: .
( ) .
(( )) (( )) .
-77 3 .
t 1 1 1 1 1
x1 t Cos2 Cos t e jt e jt
2 2 2 2 4 4
1 1 1
y1 t H H 1 e jt H 1 e jt e jt
2 4 4
H , H 1 4 , H 1
H .
1 jt 1 jt
x2 t Sin t e e
2j 2j
1 1 2
y1 t H 1 e jt H 1 e jt e jt 2 je jt
2j 2j j

I h t dt H

-78 2 .
2 1 (( LTI )) (( LTI )) :
1
x t et u t X s , Re s 1
s 1
1
y t e t u t y s , Re s 1
s 1

23
 1391

y s s 1
H s , Re s 1
x s s 1
H s y s X s LTI H s
. s S H s
. LTI .
3 TI . t 2 t 1
. TI TI . 3

-79 2 .
.
-82 2 .

: a 5Ia 3I a 3Ia 3Ia 8Ia
2 2

La 8
2

5I 3 I b I c
: a
2 a

a 5Ia 3Ia i 2Ia
2 2

La 2
2
La 8
4
La 2
-81 1 .
7 GMD 7 GMD 3
L 2 1 ln 1 5 1 ln
GMR L / GMR L 4
3

GMR L GMD e 4

1 1 3 1

GMR c e 4b GMR L e 4 e 4 GMD e 2 GMD

2 2
Can 4
GMD GMD
ln ln 1
GMR c
e 2 GMD
-82 2 .

24
 1391

:
j /2 2
V1new 1 Pu
j / 2 /1 3
-83 1 .
DC :

6
Es 1 75 V
62
-84 1 .
L
Zc
c
c Zc .
-85 2 .
V V
VRM
cos l cos Lcl
l cos l .
-86 4 .
Vs AVR BIR

1 / 8 VR j 1/ 2 R VR / 8 j
V
/ 6
2
VR 1 Pu
-87 3 .
( )1 ( )2 9 :
11
Pmax 4 Pu
/ 25
( )2 .
PG1 8 4 12

V1 2
QG1 2 V1 V2 cos 2 4 1 6
X
P 12 2 2
cos
P Q
2 2
12 6
2 2
2 1
2 2 5

-88 1 .
1 1
IR 2 2
/5

SR VR I*R 2 2

25
 1391

PR ReSR 2cos 2cos

PRmax 2 2 cos
R(z) 3
cos / /6
|z| /5

PRmax / 8 Pu
. 4 -89
1 2 V1 1 2
J
2 1 V2 2 1
P2sp2 1 1
Q2sp2 1 1
P2cal 1 2 11 2
Q2cal 2 5 1 1
P2 1 2 3
Q2 1 1
3 1 2 2
1 2 1 V
2

1 1 2 3
2
V2 96 2 1 1
2 / 29 rad 2(1) / 29 / 29 rad
2 / 42 Pu V2 1 / 42 /958 Pu
. 3 -92

1
IA 2 / 8 1 / 7 2 / 6 3 / 4 3 / 3
/2 /1 /1 /2 /1 / 3
IA 56A IB 11 56 54 A
Vmin 22 / 3 54 /1 24 2 1/ 4

26
 1391

-91 2 .
-92 2 .
-93 4 .
-94 3 .
-95 3 .
-96 1 .
-97 ( )4
:
DA = C DB = A DC = A+B

ABC
0 000
2 010
3 011
7 111
5 101
5 101
-98 ( )3 .

5 .
)X(in 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
State 11 00 10 10 11 00 10 11 01 00 11
Y(out) 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0

-99 ( )2 .
K J Qn-1 D D .
JK _MS_FF Qn . . 1236
:

.
K J Qn- D Qn
1
0 0 0 0 0 J
0 0 1 1 1 Q
D
0 1 0 1 1
Q
0 1 1 1 1
K
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 0 CLK

27
 1391

-122 ( )2 .
4 FA .
FA . Compressor 7:2 . Full Adder
Compressor 3:2.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
FA FA

FA

FA

2 1 0
2 2 2
-121 ( )2
.
b X
1 c Y
d
b
Z
a c
0

, ,

-122 ( )1 .

12
-123 2 .
:

Vi 2
ID1 1mA
1 K
Vi 3 V

28
 1391

-124 3 .
IC1 / 5mA re1 5
IC2 1mA re2 25
ac :

KCL :
V Vi V V
i
5 1K 25
-125 4 .
:

V
Vt 1 Ki t t 1 K
it
-126 1 .
:

R L :
) R L r 2 (1 g m2 r 5 ) g m3 (r 3 r 4
) g m2 r 2 r 5 g m3 (r 3 r 4
1mS 1 K1 K1mS 5K
5 K
V
:
Vi

29
 1391

V
g m (r 1 R L ) 1mS(1 K 5 K)
Vi
1
. 2 -127

Vin Vout Vin Vout

2 2
1 K 1K 1 K
Vin Vout 2 Vin 2Vout
19Vin 3Vout
19
Vout Vin
3
19
: Vout Vin
3
19 19 19
Vout Vout Vout Vin Vin (Vin Vin )
3 3 3
Vout 19


Vin Vin 3
. 4 -128
:

32
 1391

2 2
V (9K 9K) i 4 / 5K i
3 3
Vi (5 5 )i 1 i / 1Ki
V
3
Vi
-129 4 .
:

V 8i (12K 12K) 48Ki

Vi 2Ki
V
24
Vi
-112 2 .
.
z
1 rad
p 1
(1K)1F s
rad
L p 1
s
-111 1
.

31
 1391

: f

if

V reif
if 1
f
V re
V 1 V
re V Vin 1
Vin f Vin
re
. 1 -112

V V
V V V
5 5
2V 3
V Vi 2Vi V 2V 3Vi
5 5
V
1 / 5
Vi
. 2 -113
5 /7 4 / 3V
IC 3 2mA
2 / 15K 2 / 15K
IC2 2mA ID 3 ID4 2mA ID1 ID2 1 mA
PD 5 1 mA 2 5 2mA 3 13 mW
. 2 -114
VE 3 2V VB3 2 / 7V V 5 / 4V
5 / 4V
IL / 54A
1
. . / 7A
VE1 5 / 4V 1 / 54A 5 / 94V
VCE1 max 15 5 / 94 9 / 6V
PD1 max 9 / 6V / 54A 4 / 89

32
 1391

21
. 1 -115
Pf V2 , Ph Bn f , V B f
Pf2 4 4 16 , Ph2 2 6 12
Ploss2 16 12 28 2/ 8 kW
. 3 -116

Wf W 2J
F Ag F f F 1 N
Ag lg lg x 2cm / 2m

1 dL 2 1 N A 2
2
F I I
2 dx 2 x2
1
F F 4F 4 N
x2 x 1 cm x 2cm

. 1 -117
R2 1
SmT / /2
X2 / 5
Tfl 2 2 T
Tfl em
Tem 2
/ / 4 5/ 2 2/ 6
/ 4 /2
Tst 2 2 T
Tst em
Tem /2 1 5/ 2 2/ 6
1 /2
Tst
1 Tst 1 pu
Tfl
. 4 -118

:
Ie j 3 , I1 5 I2 52 32 4
Pout 18 W 3 12 4 1 Sfl
. 3 -119
3 12 3 6 cos 1728 cos / 8 sin / 6
Q 3 12 3 6 / 6 1296 VAR
VL 2
Qc 1296 3
Xc

33
 1391

2
3 12 3
Xc 1
1296
1 1 1
Xe c F F
c 1 1
. 3 -122
125
A
ZPu
25
/ 5
1
B 25
ZPu / 4


Z Pu
SA
Load B
SLoad
ZPu Pu SB
B Z A S
A
/ 4
SALoad 12 74 kVA
/ 4 / 5
1
5

SB
Load 12 74 46 kVA
. 1 -121
Xeq Zeq sin sc
PF :
Zeq Zeq
PF sin sc
Psc Vsc Isc cos Ic :
12
cos sc 6 sin sc / 8
5 4 /
PF cos / 8
Pout k Srated cos / 8 5 / 8 32 kW
. 2 -122
fl
k2max Pcu Pcore
4 5
k max /9
5
Pout k maxSrated cos /9 25 1 22/ 5 kW
. 1 -123
. Iamax R a . R F

Ea Vt d max
Ia , Iamax
Ra Ra

34
 1391

. 4 -124
24
: Vt 24 IF 4 R F 6
4
:

: Vt 24 Ea 24 1 /1 25 IFe 5
Ns N
IFC IF Is 5 4 s 1
Nf Nf
Ns N
1 1 f 1
Nf Ns
: Ns
Nf
1
Ns
. 1 -125
6
A 6
Imax , Iamin 3 k
3
2
Vt 24
RA max
4
Ia 6

ln n ln 4
R

n a Ra
R
ln k ln 2
ln
4

n 54 a 5
R
ln 2
4
ln 24 ln ln 2
5
Ra
4
16 32 /125 R a / 25
Ra
. 3 -126
Ea2 Ns2 Is2 n2 Ns Is
1 2 2 1/ 25
Ea1 Ns1 Is1 n1 Ns1 Is1
2
T2 Ns2 Is2 n2
1 25
T1 Ns1 Is1 n1 /
1 Is2 Is
1/ 25 2 1/ 25 2
1/ 25 Is1 Is1
Ns2 1
/ 8 / 8 / 8 / 512
Ns1 1/ 25 3
Ns
%Ns 2 1 1 %48/ 8
Ns1

35
 1391

. 2 -127
II
. d1 d
. 1 -128
1
D a r P (1 )D a r
2r r 3r
P
s b P.n s
3a
E.ds (Qf Ob )in
2a P P
E.ds 4
3a 6
. 3 -129
vb .P
P P P
sb P.n s
a r .a cos 45
r
R sin 45 R
z 2
P
P.ds r
a r .rddza r
lb lim lim P 2
l r z
z
. 3 -132
1
24
1 d
c
a 2
R cos R sin ddR

4 (1 R sin ) R
1 1
24 24
1 1 d 1 d

c 2 a
(sin cos ) 2 a
2 cos( )
4 4 4
1
24
1 1 d

c 2 2 a
sin( )
4 4
1
1 1 24 2 2 a
ln tan c
c 2 2 a 2 8 ln 3
4
. 4 -131

36
 1391

H H2 H 3

I 2I
H cos 3 (a z ) sin 3 (a y ) a y
a a
2 2
3 3
3I
H 3a y 3 (a z )
4a
. 2 -132

A A1 A3 A2 A4
. I A2 A6
I b
A A1 A3 ln (a x a y )
4 a
. 1 -133

z
Fe q s s 1 a z
2 2 z2 a 2


q
Fe s z
2 a
1 k 1 qs
f
2 m 2 2 am
. 3 -134
Js a sin a

Tm a 2 sin 2 a sin ada z H a y
4
Tm a 4 H (a x )
3
. 3 -135
2
P 2 P
WeA P.E P a R 3
(2 cos a R )
4 (2h) 32 h 3
P sin 9 a
WeB P a .
4 (2h) 3
2
P
32 h 3
2
P
WeB We A
32 h 3

37
 1391

. 4 -136
sb P.n s P cos
Jsb sba sin cos a
H

a
2 2
.

. 2 -137
A A(R, )a
a R Ra R sin a
1
A B 2
R sin R R
R sin A(R, )
1 2 sin
R sin A(R, ) cos A(R, )
R 2 sin R Rb R b1
1 sin sin
R sin A(R, ) b A(R, )
R sin R R (b 2)R b1
: A b 3
sin
A a
R2
. 1 -138

4 3
R
k R sin kr
A k a z 3 2 a R a a
4R 3 3

a r ra a z
1 2
B A k a z R a
r r z 3
kr
r
3

38