&

SYSTEM ENGINEERING &

MANAGEMENT

&

MS THESIS

SEM 09-16

&

& .

2011

&


SYSTEM ENGINEERING &
MANAGEMENT

&

MS THESIS

SEM 09-16

&

& .

2011


. & .

&
-

&

(. . 774)
.
.
.

1. . .
E. Y. . . . 2. .
3. .
4. .
5. . .

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ii


.................................................................................................................. i
............................................................................................................ii
................................................................................ iii
........................................................................................... v
........................................................................................... vi
.....................................................................................vii
.............................................................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. ix

1. 1: ... 1
1.1 ........................................................................................... 1
1.2 ......................................................................................... 2
1.3 ........................................................ 4
1.4 ...................................................... 5
1.5 ..................................................................................... 6
2. 2: .............................................. 8
2.1 ............................................................................................. 8
2.2 ............................................................................................................... 15
3. 3: ...................... 16
3.1 ................................................................................................................. 16
3.2 1: ......... 18
3.3 2: ............ 23
3.4 3: ................................................................................ 25
3.5 4:
................................................................... 25
3.6 5:
......................................................................................... 26
3.7 . 29
3.8
........................................................................................... 35
3.9 ............................................................................................................... 36
4. 4:
.................................................................................................................... 38
4.1 ..... 38
4.1.1 1 ............................................................................. 38
4.1.2 2 ............................................................................. 39
4.1.3 3 ............................................................................. 39
4.1.4 4 ............................................................................. 40
4.2 ........................................................................................ 41
4.2.1 .................................................... 41
4.2.2 .................................................. 45
4.2.3 .................................................................................... 53
4.2.4 ........................................ 55
4.2.5 ................................... 58
iii
 4.3 ..................... 60
4.3.1 ........................................ 60
4.3.2 ...................... 62
4.3.3 ........... 63
4.3.4 .............. 63
4.3.5
.................................................................................. 63
4.4 ....... 65
4.5
......................................................................................................... 67
4.6 .................................................. 69
5. ...................................................................................................... 72
6. ........................................................................................................ 77
7. ........................................................................................................... 80

iv


2.1: ...................................................................... 14
3.1: ......................................................... 22
3.2: NPI ........................................................................... 29
4.1: 1 .................................................................... 38
4.2: 2 .................................................................... 39
4.3: 3 .................................................................... 40
4.4: 4 .................................................................... 40
4.5: ......................... 48
4.6: ............................... 49
4.7: ............... 49
4.8:
. .............................................................................................. 51
4.9: fE
............................................................................................... 52
4.10: 10 ................. 64
4.11: ............................... 66
4.12:
....................................................... 66

3.1() (): ............................................ 16-17

3.2: ..................................................... 18
3.3: (): (): ............ 19
3.4: SABIANA ............................................................................. 20
3.5: ................................................................................................ 21
4.1: ..................................... 42
4.2: .................................................................. 43
4.3: STR 50 ................................................... 44
4.4: ...................................................................................... 54

vi


1.1: .............................................. 1
1.2:
, ......................................... 3
2.1:
........................................................................................................... 9
2.2: ..................... 10
3.1: NPI ................................................................... 30
4.1:
......................................................................................................................... 56

vii


.
.

.

. ,
,
.

: , , ,
, , ,
, (NPI), , .

viii
 Abstract

The present thesis is focused on the growth and suggestion of different investment
choice for the savings of swimming pools heating fuels and therefore for the savings
of money. The study concerns the municipal indoor swimming pool of Xanthi. The
objective of the project is the maximum contribution to the supporting effort of the
reopening of the sports swimming pool.

Using wide range of bibliography there is analysis of all the technical and financial
particularities of each investment proposal and their sustainability in the present
economic and environmental conditions. Moreover, there is a commentary of the
social, political and legal approach of the under analysis problem.

Key words: Feasibility study, sports swimming pool, pool heating, solar collectors,
pool cover, conventional system, water volume reduction, Normalized Performance
Indicator (NPI), mulicriteria analysis, sustainability

ix


1

1.1

. .
:
( )

1.1
.

1.1:

1
 1

.
.

(, ) .
,
()
(, 2005).

1.2

(. . )
,

.
(http://www.cres.gr/energy_saving/Ktiria/thermansi/energeiaki_diaxeirisi.htm)

,

,


(Capehart et al. 2008).

2
 1

1.2: ,

, ,
.
, ,
, ( 1.2)
(Kreith and Goswami, 2008).

(. .)
:

,
.

.



(. . ,
,
. .)
.

3
 1

-
.

(, ,
, ) .

. . .

.
.

( ),
.
(http://www.cres.gr/energy_saving/Ktiria/thermansi/energeiaki_diaxeirisi.htm)

1.3

.
:

(, , .)

.

.

4
 1

1.4

, , ,
, .

,
(Theofylactos, 1995).

1:

. , ,

.

2: ,
, ,


.
, ,
.

3:
.
.
.

5
 1

4:
.
,
,
. .

5:
,
,
.
,
(, 1996).

1.5

. :

1. 1
.
, .

(. .)
. ,

2. 2
,
.
(
)
( ).

6
 1

.
,

.

3. 3

.
.
(NPI) ,


.

4. 4

.
.
( ,
, ,
), .

.
,
.
.

5. 5
.

7


2
2.1

2

.
( )
.

.

,
,
(, 2005).

2.1.

8
 2

2.1:

( ).
( '),
( )


,
.

()
(. 2.2).


.

9
 2

i) v)

( )

iv)
ii) (

, )

iii)

2.2: .

10
 2

,
,
,
,
,
,
(pellets), ,
,
, ,
.

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.

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.
.
.

11
 2

5 9 :
,
(pellets), ,

,
(. .
pellets ) .

,
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.

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

,
,
.
,
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12
 2

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( ).

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,

. :

1. ( )
2. .

( 2.1)

( 2)
.
( 3),
( 1)
( 4).

13
 2

2.1:

14
 2

6
.
( 1 10)
.

.

2.2

,

.
.

. ,


.




.

3

. ,
(NPI)


.

15


3
3.1

1950
.
.
(. 3.1)

()

16
 3

()
3.1 () ():

2.400 m2 2
( ), ,
( 3.1, 3.2). 8
8
.
( lit)
3.2. 742
.

17
 3

3.2:

3.2 1:

60,2 kg/hour.
2, Hoval Boiler SR-550, (output) 550.000
kcal/hour ( 3.3 ).

18
 3

()

()
3.3 () (): () ()

19
 3

3
SABIANA (. 3.4) 120 cm x 53 cm x 24
cm 7.300W ( ) 11.000W ( ).
20 (. 3.5) 24 98
cm x 93 cm x 19 cm .
.

3.4: SABIANA

20
 3

3.5:

1,80 m x
2,10 m (3 ).
7 .

3.1
2010.

21
 3

3.1:
( ) Lit (/ lit kWh
2010)
13.577,44 20.174,5 176.526,8
16.361,13 24.310,74 212.718,9
11.871,78 1.7640 15.4350
6.338,66 9.418,5 82.411,8
9.827,51 14.602,54 127.772,2
1.215,65 1.806,31 15.805,2
0 0 0
0 0 0
9.903,96 14.716,13 128.766,1
12.164,98 8.075,75 158.162,8
13.249,70 19.687,5 172.265,6
10.616,14 15.774,3 138.025,1
105.126,92 156.206 lit 1.366.804,5 kWh
1.175.451.870 kcal

(105.126,92)
2010
156.206,2 lit
2010 0,673/lit. kWh
kWh :

156.206,2 lit kWh :

10.200 kcal/kg ( ) * 0,83 kg/lit
( )= 8466 kcal/lit 8.466 kcal/lit * 4,18kJ/kcal = 35.387
kJ/lit

kcal 1kWh = 859,9kcal :

8.466 kcal/lit / 859,9 kcal/kWh = 9,84
9,84* 0,89 = 8,75 kWh/lit 0,1142 lit/kWh
22
 3

3.1
8,75 kWh
2010. kWh kcal
859,9.

2010.

2010 3.1
: 8.760,57 / (
12). 2010
29.755 2.500 /
.

3.3 2:

2.400 m2
2 .
.

. 8 ,
21 x 50 m 3.000 m3.
1,40 m 5 m. 12 x 8 m
500 m3. 45 cm 78 cm.
.

, 600 lit.

0,7 mg/lit. PH 7. i
6 2-3 .

i
: .
(, ),
.
23
 3

12
, 5
7 . 120Watt .
17 ( ) 78
. 500
Watt . : (17 + 78) * 500W = 47.500
W.

20C, 26C
28-29C .
7,5 / 03:00 . .
10:30 . . 24 24 7 / .

, ,
. ,
.
& ( )
.

(Eurocarb). EuroCarb , ,
, , , , ,
.
8mm.

3.4 3:

24
 3

.
.

. ( )
. ,
. 2
2 , 2
2 ( ).
3 .

.

3.5 4:

.

.
,
.

.

25
 3

3.6 5:

(, 1996)

,
.
, .
1C 10
15% .



.
,

.

,
.

.

.

.
.

26
 3

50%
25%ii.

.

18% .

, .

.


.
70 80% 24C
.


.

.
. ,

.
.
3 m
maximum,
() .

.

.

ii

.., 5 &
, 2009
27
 3

.
()
.

.
.

.
.

11
25%.
3%.

.
30%.

22,6 GJ/m2.
,

.
.
,
.

3.7

(Normalized Performance Indicator
NPI). NPI EEO (Energy Efficiency
Office)
(,
2007).
28
 3

NPI (kWh / m2)

3.2.

3.2: NPI

NPI
-

3.1.

29
 3

3.1: NPI

3.1 NPI -
.

.

[kWh]. [kWh]
. [lit]

30
 3

0,83 kg/lit
11,86 kWh/kg.

2 3.1.

3.1. 1 2
(
3).

. ( 5)
( 4)
2462 .
1,1
( ), 1
0,9
.

( 3) ( 8)
.

( 9)
( 11).
(4000

31
 3

)
( 10).

. NPI

( 12) ( 13).

.
2010
156.206 lit.

() :
(. 1). :

lit () x 0,83 (, kg/lit) * 11,86

( , kWh/kg) = 156.206 lit * 0,83 kg/lit * 11,86
kWh/kg = 1.537.660,6 (kWh)

kWh + . kWh = 1.537.660,6 +

238.000iii
= 1.775.660,6 (kWh) (1)

(B) :
(. 2).
: 0,55 () * 1.775.660,6 =

= 976.613,3 (kWh) (2)

iii
.. 2010.
32
 3

(. 3) =
(1) (2) =

=799.047,3 (kWh) (3)

() iv :
6 18C (
) 2.065 (4) ( 2007).

(. 5): 2.462 / 2.065 =

= 1,19 [-] (5)

(.
6): 976.613,3 (2) * 1,19 (5) =
= 1.162.169,8 (kWh) (6)

: = 1

, ,
.
. = 1,1 = 0,9.

(. 8) = 1 * 1.162.169,8 (kWh) (6) =
= 1.162.169,8 (kWh) (8)

() (. 9): 799.047,3 (kWh) (3) +

1.162.169,8 (kWh) (8) =
= 1.961.217,1 (kWh) (9)

iv
() ,
n
(ti ta). . ti 18C.
33
 3

() (. 10):

: 7,5 * (365 / ) =

= 2.737,5 (10)
(. 11):
: 4000 / 2.737,5 (10) =

=1,461 [-] (11)

(. 12):
1.961.217,1 (kWh) (9) * 1,461 (11) =

=2.865.338,1 (kWh) (12)

() (. 13)
: (21*50 ) + (12*8 ) =

= 1.146 m2 (13)

NPI = 2.865.338,1 (kWh) (12) / 1.146 m2 (13) = 2.500 kWh / m2

NPI (<) 4.900
( 3.2).
3.2 kWh / m2

(, 2007).

34
 3

3.8

a) 14
(, 2007):

(kcal/h)
(14)

F [m2]
Q [kcal/hm2]
V [m3]
t1 [C]
t2 [C]
[h] . 10 - 20 h

QA = 120 kcal/hm2
23 C, 26 C,
13 C, 60% 1 m/s (, 2007).

23 C,
13 C, 13 C
60% :

QA = 335 kcal/hm2 1 m/s

= 500 kcal/hm2 2 m/s
= 820 kcal/hm2 4 m/s

.
( )v
1,16 m/sec.

v
http://www.cres.gr/kape/datainfo/clima/xanthi.htm
35
 3

,
Q = 0,6 * 1.146 * 120 + [1.000 * (3.000 + 500) * (26 10)] / 72vi = 82.512 +
777.778 = 860.290 kcal/h 998 kWh 3.592.800 kJ 3.592,8 MJ

2 550.000*2 = 1.100.000
kcal/h.
.

,
.

:
Q = 0,6 * 1.146 * 335 + [1.000 * (3.000 + 500) * (26 10)] / 72 = 230.346 +
777.778 = 1.008.124 kcal/h

3.9

,
NPI
kWh / m2
(<4900)
. ,


.

4

. :

vi
3 = 72
.
36
 3

37


4

4.1

.

,
, ,
, . .
4.1.1 4.1.4.

4.1.1 1

Europa Resort
2000
.

32m2. 25
m3 ( 4.1).
36 (www.solpool.info).

4.1: 1
:
:
: Europa Resort (2000)
100%
:
: 1.710 53,44 /m2
.

38
 4

4.1.2 2

Craig (1400 ) 2008

(pellets)
.

syngas
.. .
. 85%
( 4.2).
12 .

.
(http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/good_practice_case_study_no.7.pdf)

4.2: 2
:
: ,
Craig
: (2008)
85%
:
: $ 1,5 ( 1.083.031 )

4.1.3 3

Queens University Physical Education Centre Belfast

2000
. 2
. 312 m2
156 m2.
22.000 24.963
10.090 / ( 11.450/).

39
 4

2,2 ( 4.3).
(http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/good_practice_case_study_no.9.pdf)

4.3: 3
:
:
: Queens University Physical
Education Centre Belfast (2000)
23%
:
: 22.000 24.963

4.1.4 4

Cascades Leisure Centre Craigavon 1999

.

. inverter
, ,
,
(heater batteries).
192.000 217.860
40.570 / ( 46.034/).
5,1 ( 4.4).
(http://www.uaf.edu/files/ces/publications-db/catalog/par/PAR-00001.pdf)

4.4: 4
:
:
: Cascades Leisure Centre, Craigavon (1999)
44%
:
: 192.000 217.860

40
 4

3,
( 14)
:

Q = 860.290 kcal/h 998 kWh 3.592.800 kJ 3.592,8 MJ

4.2
.


.

.

4.2

4.2.1

: .

:

()

.
.

41
 4

4.1:

(. 4.1 4.2) Sunstar
.
STR 50 (. 4.3) 1,20 m x 3,85 m =
4,62 m2.
5,08 cm. STR 50
10 kg
14 lit 14
kg.
24 Kg .

42
 4

4.2:

, m2
,
100% .

1.000 m2.

1.000 m2/ 5,08 m2 = 197
200 vii.
(1.000 m2)
,
100%
.
(http://www.dgs.de/uploads/media/3_CRES_SOLPOOL_G03_ENG-GRE.pdf)

vii
http://library.tee.gr/digital/m2385/m2385_christodoulaki.pdf
43
 4

4.3: STR 50

2010 344/ ( ).
275/ 20%.
200 * 275 = 55.000.
5.000 60000.

44
 4

4.2.2

.
,

,
/.

,
.
/
.

(, 2009).

f
(Liu and Jordan, 1963)
- f

(- charts).
Liu and Jordan (1960)
Klein and Beckman (1978).
ti
(,
2009).

Qn (Klein, 1978).

45
 4

Qn ( 59 (, 2009))
( 40 (, 2009)).

.
f
Q
Ac.

1:
.

t= 26 C 15:

Q = F*[N*(QC + QR +QE) 0,8 H] (kJ/) (15)

F [m2]: ( 1146
m2 )
[-]: (31 )
QC [kJ/ m2. ]:
QR [kJ/ m2. ]:
QE [kJ/ m2. ]:
H [kJ/ m2. ]:
( 3.600 3 (, 2009).

46
 4

65 67
(, 2009) :

QC = (490+66) *(t - ta) [kJ/ m2. ] (16)

QR = 5450 + [350 + 2,4 *(t + ta)] *(t - ta) [kJ/ m2. ] (17)
QE = fT * (790 + 530)* (ps- pu) [kJ/ m2. ] (18)

t [C]: ( 24 - 26C)
ta [C]: ( 7 (, 2009))
[m/sec]: ( 35(,
2009))
fT [-]: - fT = 1 , fT = 0,5
ps [mbar]: 3 (
10) (, 2007)
pu [mbar]: ( 36 (, 2009))

t [C]: 26C
ta [C]: 7
(, 2009)
[m/sec]: 0
fT [-]:
ps [mbar]: 34,27 mbar
pu [mbar]: 36
(, 2009)

47
 4

(16) (18) .
:

QC = (490+66) *(t - ta) = (490+66*0) *(26 8,5) = 8.575 [kJ/ m2. ]

QR = 5.450 + [350 + 2,4 *(t + ta)] *(t - ta) = 5.450 + [350 + 2,4 *(26 + 8,5)] *(26
8,5) = 13.024 [kJ/ m2. ]

QE = fT * (790 + 530)* (ps- pu)

fT = 0,5 : 0,5*(790 + 530*0)* (34,27-8,7) = 10.100,15[kJ/ m2. ]

4.5.

4.5:

QC QR QE
9.604 13.834,1 10.495,15
9.163 13.489,5 10.574,15
8.085 12.630,8 10.416,15
5.586 10.550,82 10.021,15
2.940 8.212,4 9.073,15
39 6.156,8 8.401,65
-735 4.732,4 7.888,15
-637 4.828,704 7.651,15
1.568 6.944,784 7.927,65
4.312 13.8527,1 8.559,65
6.664 11.463,38 9.349,65
8.575 13.024 10.100,15

(
) t= 26 C :

QE = 10.100,15[kJ/ m2. ] (15) :

Q = F*[N*(QC + QR +QE) 0,8 H] = 1.146 * [31*(8.575 +13.024+10.100,15) -

0,8 *162.000] = 1.146 * [982.673,6- 129.600] = 1.146*853.073,6 =

48
 4

=977.622.345,6 (kJ/) 977.623 MJ/ (15)

4.6.

4.6:

Q (kJ/) Q (MJ/)
1.205.466.657 120.546,657
1.066.120.949 1.066.120,949
1.105.909.310 1.105.909,31
899.193.520,7 899.193,5207
718.381.617,3 718.381,6173
501.692.556,6 501.692,5566
422.068.190,1 422.068,1901
420.566.957,6 420.566,9576
565.102.936,9 565.102,9369
5.378.509.274 5.378.509,274
944.609.729,9 944.609,7299
1.126.102.747 1.126.102,747
() - 14.353.724,45

2:
.

Qn 59
(, 2009).
( 6) 4.7:

49
 4

4.7:

Qn
34
57
113
203
347
483
602
560
419
220
92
44
3.174

3.174 MJ/ m2. .

3:
.

Ac
Q
Qn 4.8.

50
 4.8:

0,6*F= 0,8*F= 0,87*F= 1,5*F= 2*F= 2,5*f= 3*F= 4*F=

Ac 687,6m2 916,8 m2 997 m2 1719 m 2292 m 2865 m2
2 2
3438 m2 4584 m2
35454.9 23378.4 31171.2 33898 58446 77928 97410 116892 155856
18703.88 39193.2 52257.6 56829 97983 130644 163305 195966 261288
9786.808 77698.8 103598.4 112661 194247 258996 323745 388494 517992
4429.525 139582.8 186110.4 202391 348957 465276 581595 697914 930552
2070.264 238597.2 318129.6 345959 596493 795324 994155 1192986 1590648
1038.701 332110.8 442814.4 481551 830277 1107036 1383795 1660554 2214072
701.11 413935.2 551913.6 600194 1034838 1379784 1724730 2069676 2759568
751.0124 385056 513408 558320 962640 1283520 1604400 1925280 2567040
1348.694 288104.4 384139.2 417743 720261 960348 1200435 1440522 1920696
24447.77 151272 201696 219340 378180 504240 630300 756360 1008480
10267.5 63259.2 84345.6 91724 158148 210864 263580 316296 421728
25593.24 30254.4 40339.2 43868 75636 100848 126060 151272 201696

Qn - 2182442 2909923 3164478 5456106 7274808 9093510 10912212 14549616

51
 4

1.000 m2 ( F
1.146 m2). 3-10
. 687.6,
916,8 . Qn. Qn

.

4:
.

fE 4.9
Qn 3
Q 1.

4.9: fE

1.000 m2
22%
.

Q = 860.290 kcal/h

22% .

52
 4

: 860.290*0,22=189.263,8 kcal/h * 110 h (

) = 20.819.018 kcal/
*12 = 249.828.216 kcal/ / 8.466viii kcal/lit = 29.509,5 lit * 0,673 =
19.860.
19.860 ( 0,673/lit).

2010 0,673

.

Q = 860.290 kcal/h
t = t2 t1 (t2:
, t1: )

10C.

18C
(14) :

Q=471.400 kcal/h (19)

4.2.3

: (. 4.4).

. ,
.

. Astral,
50% (http://www.astralpool.gr/).

viii
:10.200 kcal/kg * : 0,83kg/lit=8.466
kcal/lit. kcal .
53
 4

4.4:

Q .
[14]:

50% (
QA): Q = 0,6 * 1.146 * 60 + [1.000 * (3.000 + 500) * (26 18)]
/ 72= 41.256 + 388.888,8 = 430.145 kcal/h.

41.255 kcal/h.


.

54
 4

: 41.255 kcal/h *
12 ( ) = 495.060 kcal/ * 30
( ) = 14.851.800 kcal/ * 12 =
178.221.600 kcal/ / 8466 kcal/lit = 21.051,4 lit * 0.673 (
2010) = 14.167,5 . 14.167,5 / .

, m2
15 + 23% = 18,45.
17,5 m 3
12x8 m. 21 m
. PVC.
: [3* (17,5 * 21)] *
18,45 = 20.341,12 1*(12*8)*18,45 = 1.771,2 22.112,32.

4.2.4

: .

.

.

2,5m.

. ,
5m 2,5m. 4.1
:

55
 4

50 m

1.40 m
50 m

a
5m

3.6 m
2.5 m

x

4.1:

.
:

: 502 + 3,62 = 2 =
50,12m.

sin= 3,6/50,12sin=0.0718 :

arcsin= arcsin0,0718= 4,11 = 4,11 .

+ + = 180 4,11 + 90 + = 180 = 85,89

: = 4,11, = 90,
= 85,89.

sin= 2,5 / x 0.0718 = 2,5 / x x = 34,81m.

: x2 = a2 + 2,52 1211.7 = a2 + 6,25 a2 = 1205,45 a = 34,7m.
: (34,7 * 2,5) / 2 = 43,37 m2

.
: . * () = 43,37 * 21 = 910 m3.
56
 4

3.000 m3 2.090 m3
[14] :

(kcal/h)

:
F [m2]:
Q [kcal/hm2]: ( QA = 120
kcal/hm2)
V [m3]:
t1 [C]:
t2 [C]:
[h]: . 10 - 20 h

: Q = 0,6 * 1.050 ( ) *120 + [1.000 * 2.090 * (26-10)]/ 72 =

540.044 kcal/h.

: Q = 0,6 * 1.050 ( ) *120 + [1.000 * 3.000 * (26-10)]/
72 = 742.266 kcal/h.

202.222 kcal/h 1/3 kcal/h!
, :
202.222kcal/h * 12 ( ) = 2.426.664
kcal/ * 30 = 72.799.920 kcal/ * 12 = 873.599.040 kcal/ /
8.466 kcal/lit = 103.189,1 lit * 0,673 ( 2010)
= 69.446 . 69.446 / .

57
 4

642 m3 .
6/ m 3 :
642*6= 3.852 . 40cm
m3 200 ( , ).
267 m3 : 267 * 200 = 53.400. ,
ISOMAT 10 / m2
34,7m 21m
728,7 m2 * 10 = 7.287. ,
30/ m2 728,7 m2 : 728,7 * 30 = 21.861.

20%
.
86.400. / 103.680.

4.2.5

: .


.


.

. : 550.000 (kcal/h)
/ 60,2 kg/hour ( ) = 9.136,21 / 10.200 kcal/kg (
) = 0,89 89%.

2
.
Viessmann, Vitoplex 300 500 kW .
58
 4

(89%) 96%.

5%. 550000 kcal/h

: 550.000 kcal/h* 0,89 (89% ) = 489.500 kcal/h
. : 500kW * 0,96 = 480 * 859,9ix (kcal/h) = 412.752 kcal/h
.
,

.

,
(service)
.
.

14.000 + 1.800 (
) = 15.800 * 2 = 31.600 .
Weishaupt, WL 40Z A,
4.600 9.200 .
(, , ..)
8.000, 48.800.
200 .

: 489.500 kcal/h - 412.752 kcal/h = 76.748
kcal/h x 2 = 153.496 kcal/h * 12 / = 1.841.952 kcal/ *30 =
55.258.560 kcal/ * 12 = 663.102.720 kcal/ / 8.466 kcal/lit =
78.325,3 lit * 0,673 ( 2010) = 52.713 .
52.713 /

ix
1 kW = 859,9 kcal/h
59
 4

4.3

. ,
,
- .

.

(NPV), (IRR),
.

4.3.1 .

.

4.3.1

19.

= C *fE*Q / *Hu**(i - ) *[1-((1+)/(1+i)) v] [] (19)

:
C [/Lit]: (0,673/lit)
fE [-]: (5.1.2 . 22% 0,22)
Q [MJ/]: (5.1.2 . 14.353.724,45 MJ/)
[kg/lit]: (=0,83 kg/lit)
Hu [MJ/kg]: (Hu=42,915
MJ/kg)
60
 4

[-]: ( 0,89)
i [-]: (3,1%)
[-]: ( 15%)
[]: 10
[]: ()

:
= 0,673*0,22*14.353.724,45/0,83*42,915*0,89*(0,031-0,15)*[1-
((1+0,15/(1+0,031))10]- 60.000 = 1.056.108,696

:
= ln [1 (* Hu**/C* fE* Q)*(i - )]/ln (1+/1+i) = ln [1-
(0,83*42,915*0,89*60.000)/(0,673*0,22*14.353.724,45)*(0,031-0,15)]/
ln (1+0,15/1+0,031)=0,909 1 .

(IRR)
20 r = 30,85% 0,3085
.
(http://www3.aegean.gr/environment/eda/Envirohelp/greece/processes/documents/F
inancialAnalysis.pdf)

(20)

(NPV) = 0
CF0: (60.000)
CF1: 1 (19.860 )
CF2: 2 (19.860 ) .. (CF3. CF10 10 )
r [%]:
n: . 10 (n=10)

.
61
 4

(Benefit to Cost Ratio) :

BCR = 1 + NPV/ CF0 = 1.056.108,696 /60.000 = 18,6 > 1
.

4.3.2

[20]:

CF0, r .
.

r 0,031 3,1%
:
NPV = -22.212,39 + 14.167,2 / (1+0,031) + 14.167,2 / (1+0,031)2 + + 14.167,2 /
(1+0,031)10 = 98.022,29

: 22.212,39 / 14.167,2 = 0,22 . 2 .

(IRR)
. r = 63,3% 0,633
.

(Benefit to Cost Ratio) :

BCR = 1 + NPV/ CF0= 1 + 98.022,29 / 22.212,39 = 5,41 > 1
.

62
 4

4.3.3

NPV, IRR,
BCR :
NPV = 485.696,7
IRR = 66,57%
XA = 1,5
BCR = 5,68 > 1 .

4.3.4

NPV, IRR,
BCR :
NPV = 339.243,5
IRR = 93,56%
XA 1,06
BCR = 7,9 > 1 .

4.3.5

4.10
.
4.10 10 .

63
 4

4.10: 10

( 22%




)

NPV 1.056.108,696 339.243,5 485.696,7 98.022,29

IRR 30,85% 93,56% 66,57% 63,3%
. 1 1 1,5 2
.
BCR 18,6 7,9 5,68 5,41

4.10


NPV.
10
. NPV
0 ( 0) .

IRR
IRR
,

.

.


1 .

64
 4

,
1.

.

,


.
.

.

4.4

,

. ,


.

4.11,
kg ,

. 1m2
500kWh 1m2
(CO2)
155 kg

65
 4

4.11:

,
.

. 1m2
50 kg
.

,
.



.

4.12:

(kg/)
(kg/)
1 3,15
89%
-//- 129.650,98 kg ( 156.206 lit) 408.400,5 kg
100%
-//- 28.523,2 kg (34.365,3 lit) 89.848,1 kg
22%
1 m2 - 0

4.12

66
 4

. , 89.848,1 kg
( 22%)


. ,

.

4.5

,

.

1
,


(, , , )
.
,

.

,



.
.

67
 4

,

( , waterpolo,
. .)
.

.
,
,
.

,

.

,

().




.
,

.
.

68
 4

4.6

( ) ,

kWh



. , ,
5-10 .


.
(www.eng.auth.gr/IHT/Proc8th/015,017.doc)

. ,


(. ,
..)
.

.

.

69
 4

87/. 1)443-24/01/73 (
).

.
.

: , , ,
, . (.1)

,
. (.44)

: 350 m2.
: 350 m2 1250 m2.
: 1250 m2.

,
. .
(. 42)

(, .)
.
(.33)

500
1,0 m 1,0 m
1,0m
2,50 m .

70
 4

. (.52)

.
. (.67)

. (.48)

& ()

. (.8)

()
. (.8)

. (.20)

71


,
()
(
, ..). ,
(NPI)
. ,


, ,
.

,
Sunstar, .
STR 50 1,20 m x 3,85
m = 4,62 m2 5,08 cm

,
Astral
50%,
.
1/3 .

72
 5

,
Viessmann, Vitoplex 300 500 kW
96%
Weishaupt, WL 40Z A,
12 41 kg/h.

( 4.10)

.

( 22%



)

NPV 1.056.108,696 339.243,5 485.696,7 98.022,29

IRR 30,85% 93,56% 66,57% 63,3%
. 1 1 1,5 2
.
BCR 18,6 7,9 5,68 5,41

NPV, IRR, BCR

. ,


.

73
 5

.

.
,
.

(Greenhouse Gas GHG).

(kg/)
(kg/)
1 3,15
89%
-//- 129.650,98 kg ( 156.206 lit) 408.400,5 kg
100%
-//- 28.523,2 kg (34.365,3 lit) 89.848,1 kg
22%
1 m2 - 0

, 408.400,5 kg
,

( 4.12).

,
,
.

74
 5

4


.
,
.

.

,

.

18C
10C.
(12 )


26C
.

75
 5

,

.

,



. , ,
,
, .

76


Capehart Barney L., Turner Wayne C., Kennedy William J. (2008). Guide to
energy management (Sixth edition). The Fairmont Press, USA.

Klein S. A., Beckman W. A. (1978). A General Design Method for Closed loop
Solar Energy Systems. Solar Energy Laboratory University of Wisconsin
Madison. USA.

Klein S. A. (1978). Calculation of Flat Plate Collector Utilizability. Solar Energy

Laboratory University of Wisconsin Madison. USA.

Kreith Frank, Goswami D. Yogi (2008). Energy management and conservation

handbook. CRC Press, USA.
Liu Benjamin Y. H., Jordan Richard C. (1960). The Interrelationship and
Characteristic Distribution of Direct, Diffuse and Total Solar Radiation.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis

Liu Benjamin Y. H., Jordan Richard C. (1963). The Long Term Average
Performance of Flat Plate Solar Energy Collectors. Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.

Theofylactos C. G., (1995). Energy Efficiency in Industry. Editors: M. Santamouris

D. N. Asimakopoulos, Department of applied physics, University of Athens,
Greece.

77


. (1996).

. , .

. (2005).
. .

. (2007).
. , e, .

. (2007).
. , e, .

. (2009). . e, .

http://www.dgs.de/uploads/media/3_CRES_SOLPOOL_G03_ENG-GRE.pdf (13-
04-2011)
www.eng.auth.gr/IHT/Proc8th/015,017.doc (15-04-2011)

http://www3.aegean.gr/environment/eda/Envirohelp/greece/processes/documents/Fi
nancialAnalysis.pdf (20-04-2011)
www.cres.gr (25-04-2011)

www.solpool.info (01-05-2011)

http://www.cres.gr/energy_saving/Ktiria/thermansi/energeiaki_diaxeirisi.htm (05-
05-2011)
http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/good_practice_case_study_no.9.pdf (08-05-2011)

http://www.dfpni.gov.uk/good_practice_case_study_no.7.pdf (08-05-2011)

http://www.uaf.edu/files/ces/publications-db/catalog/par/PAR-00001.pdf (15-05-
2011)
http://www.astralpool.gr/ (02-09-2011)

78


SUNSTAR COLLECTOR
Collector
STR-50 STR-40
Model
Size, Nominal 4'x12.5' 4'x10.5'
47" / 47" /
Width
120cm 120cm
152.1" / 127" /
Length
380cm 323cm
50.0 / 41.6 /
Area (sq. ft.)
4.65m^3 3.88m^3
Manifold 2" / 2" /
Diameter 5.08cm 5.08cm
22lbs / 19lbs /
Weight, Dry
10kg 8.5kg
Volume 3.7gal / 3.1gal /
Capacity 14L 12L
Working
90 PSI 90 PSI
Pressure
Burst Pressure 270 PSI 270 PSI
Recommended
5 GPM 4 GPM
Flow

79


SUNSTAR INSTALLATION DRAWINGS

80


CONNECTION EXAMPLES

Relief valve Relief valve

End cap
End cap

Outlet

IInlet
Outlet Inlet

Relief valve

End cap Inlet End cap Outlet

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

7
6 4
5
4

3
2
1

81


82


83


84


85