Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Biologiki Lipansi PDF
Biologiki Lipansi PDF
:.
.2007
....7
1....8
2..10
2.1......12
2.1.1....12
2.1.2.13
2.1.3.13
2.2...14
2.2.1...14
2.2.2.14
2.2.3....15
2.3..........................................................................................................15
2.3.1..15
2.3.2..15
2.3.3...15
2.3.4.16
2.3.5....16
2.3.6..16
2.3.7..16
3....17
3.1....17
3.2.
........18
3.2.1...18
3.2.2....19
3.2.3..20
4.
..20
4.1....21
4.2....28
4.3..30
5.36
5.1...37
5.2...38
5.3.....40
5.3.1..40
5.3.2...40
5.3.3......41
5.3.4....41
5.3.5....42
5.3.6.C/N42
5.4.
......43
5.5.
..45
6.45
6.1.46
6.2....47
6.3....47
6.4..............................................48
6.5.
...............................51
7...51
7.1...52
7.1.1..52
7.1.2....53
7.2....54
..56
1..10
2...17
3.
.......21
4.
Kg........................................................22
5.
.....22
6.Kg/m3
........23
7.g/m3
.............23
8.
oKg/m3.........24
9.
m3.........24
10.
..............25
11.(%)
.....................................26
12.
(%)...................................................................................27
13.(%)
........29
14.C/N..43
15.
.........48
16.(%)
.............49
17.
..50
18.(%)
.....50
19.
....52
20.
......53
21.
.................................55
, ,
..
.,
1.
, ,
,,
, ,
(,2001).
80.
. ,
90.
1998
IFOAM(
1999CodexAlimentarius()
, , , ,
. 1993
IFOAM:
, ,
, , ,
,,,,
, ,
2.
(, 2003).
(O, C N) .
( 1). ,
. 1
.
1..
C CO2
H H2O
O O2,CO2,SO42,H2O
N NO3,NH4+
P HPO42,H2PO4
K K+
Ca Ca+2
Mg Mg+2
S SO42
Fe Fe+2
Cu Cu+2
Mn Mn+2
Zn Zn+2
B BO33
Cl Cl
Mo MoO42
10
,,
: : :
1..
11
: ,
2.1.
2.1.1.
. (,2000).
, ,
(2).
2..
12
.C/N
(,2004).
2.1.2.
.(,2000).
H2PO4 HPO4 .
(.. pH).
(,2004).
2.1.3.
..
13
(+).
, .
2.2.
2.2.1.
(, , ),
(,2000).
Ca2+,
Ca2+.
2.2.2.
RNA.
(Mg+2). .
14
2.2.3.
( ,
) ( , ).
, .
(SO42)
. pH
pH(CaSO4),.
2.3.
2.3.1.
,.
Fe+2.
2.3.2.
(Cu+2). E ,
(,2004).
2.3.3.
,RNA.M
15
(, 2000).
(Zn+2).
2.3.4.
(Mn+2).
pH.
2.3.5.
(MoO42).
pH.
2.3.6.
2.3.7.
, ,
(3).
16
3.
3.1.
, ,
.. , , , ,
...,(,1997).
, , , ,
,(2).
2..
(%)
45
18
20
17
().
().
)[,2004].
3.2.
3.2.1.
. ,
18
,,
3.2.2.
(CEC)
( 99% 33
67%),
(,2004).
CO2
pH ,
().
19
3.2.3.
(1).
1..
4.
, (
20
4.1.
(2)[3].
2..
3.
.
N P2O5 K2O Ca Mg S Mn B Cu
(%) (ppm)
34,5 24 56 5 2 0,5 40 4 2
( 3) [,
2004].
21
( 4).
(,2004).
3..
4. Kg (,
2004).
,(,
P,K),5.
5.
.
22
(, 2004 ).
55% 4050%
,0,63%,1,01,8%P2O51,0%2(,2004).
. .
(6,7).
(8,9).
6.Kg/m3.
P K Mg Ca
7.g/m3.
Cu Na Mn Zn B Mo
23
8.Kg/m3.
N P2O5 K2O
2 0,4 6
9.m3
.
m3/
1,5
3,0
4,0
_ 4,05,0
_ 2,0
: ,
. .
, ,
(10).
24
10.(,2004).
9095% 85%
13% 4%
1015 5
0,16g/cm 0,33g/cm
pH 2,54,5 47
CaO <0,5% >2,5%
CEC 100150me/100gr 100150me/100gr
X
(,2004).
:(),
, , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
..(11).
25
11. (%)
.
N P K Ca pH
15 2 1 1 7
14 6 7
7 30 7
,,(4).
4..
(, )
().
Ascophyllum,NodosumFucusvesiculosus.
26
.(12).
(,2004).
12.(%).
N P K Ca
90 0,2
50 6 12 2 12
6575 1012
30 45 8 0,2 27
79 0,7 0,26 1 2
27
4.2.
CaO.
2004).
CaOpH
K KCl.
(MgSO4 * KCl).
(10%), (4 6%),
(23%),(<1%)(<1%).
(13).
pH>7,5.
28
13. (%)
.
P K Ca
11 11 53
5 38 32
3 6 35
:,,
,.
,.
:.
(,2004).
:..Fe,Zn,Mn,B,Mo..
:.
20m50%2m.
29
4.3.
FEMVIGOR
40Kg
1,75%N,2%P,1%K,2%Fe,0,75%Mg,0,1%Mn,0,02%Zn,2%S
45%,6%,4%
,,,,,,
(,,,..)
300600Kg
30
AGRIMARTINAGRIPHOSCa
Pellets
40Kg
3%,12%P,1%K,20%CaO,1%Mg,6%,14%
Ca
VIVEREFYT
:250gr,1Kg,3Kg,12Kg
7%,0,85%Ca,0,5%Mg,0,02%Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu
(BasilicOil,Tagetes,GloveOil)
&
I,,
3Kg/.
2Kg/10.
2Kg/5.
31
FISHGUANO
40%,3%N,5%P,16%K,3%Mg,6%S
Guanumusspp.
100200Kg/.
DACOTA
1lit
3%Cu
&
(&),,,
..
,:
300cm3/.
25%
32
ACIMARAMINO
50Kg
25%P2O5,2%MgO,20%CaO
AGRIMARTINFeBIOLOGICO
pellets
40Kg
:3,3%N,3,1%P2O5,2,3%K2O,2%Fe,0,14%Mn,0,03%Zn,
7%CaO,0,8%MgO
Pellets:3%,2,7%P2O5,2,7%K2O,2%Fe,0,03%Mn,0,02%Zn,8%CaO,
0,7%MgO
E&
&
( & ), , , ,
,,,,..
()
300600Kg/.(:1Kg/m2)
33
AGRIMARTINBIOLOGICOLIQUIDO
30lit
5%N,3%K2O,6%S,15%C(),18%
H2O&
C.E.C.
&
(&)
23lit/.
PANTENTKALI
50Kg
40%K2O,10%MgO,18%S
K,Mg,S
&
&
30100Kg/.
34
FERTOR
4mm
90%,65%,4,5%(),4,1%,
2,7%P2O5,2,3%2,1,1%MgO,9,3%CaO
&
,,,,
,,
75125Kg,,
125275Kg
175275Kg&
75275Kg
CALCIPHAN
50Kg
4%Mg,40%CaO
70130Kg//
130200Kg//pH
35
GEPAVITE.H.S.26
Pellets
25Kg
88%,1,75%(),0,85%(),0,4%P2O5,
2%K2O,1%MgO,1,5%CaO,0,25%Fe,12,5%,14%
&
C.E.C&H2O
&
,.
,.
:3050Kg//
:2035Kg//&
:1015Kg//
5.
, ,
36
-
CO2 H2O
NH4+ NO3
SO42-
H2PO4 HPO4
Mg + , Ca + ..
3..
5.1.
(.. ,
, )
(..,,)[5].
,,
37
5..
5.2.
,,
30 cm,
2 m .
(.. )
(4).1.30
m.
38
4..
1:,
6065C.
2 :
, .
3045C.
3 :
39
5.3.
5.3.1.
. ,
,5cm,
, 1 cm (,
2004).
5.3.2.
50 60%. ,
, ,
( 6).
40
6.
.
5.3.3.
(7).
5.3.4.
CO2.
41
7..
5.3.5.
pH
5,5 7,5. .
pH
. pH
5.3.6.C/N
. C/N 25 35.
42
(14).
14.C/N.
C/N
30
208
511
125
65
50
50
() 0,8
12
10
20
35
20
5.4.
43
(8,9).
8..
9.
44
).
(, , ),
5.5.
6.
( ) (
).
45
,pH,.
(,
2000).
6.1.
,,
,.
46
6.2.
,,
(,2000).
6.3.
)[15].
(,,).
( , ,
,)[,2004].
47
15.
.
Kg/.
.
11,422,3
17,825,1
17,419,6
16,718,9
1,331
1,212,1
2,44,8
6,811,3
5,818,3
() 12,8
6,4
6.4.
(..,,)
(..)
(..,)
(..,)
(,,)
(,)
(..)
(..,,)
48
(16,17,18).
16. ( %) ,
.
Ca Mg
49
17.
.
C(%)
59,8
44,6
51,4
37,6
36,9
27,5
48,7
45,1
42
34,4
44,6
18.(i%)
.
Zn Cu Mn
11 7 102
15 6 53
17 8 98
26 9 61
38 12 119
66 14 359
35 23 43
50
21 14 95
38 26 88
49 8 84
52 11 72
6.5.
, ,
,.
7.
51
7.1.
7.1.1.
, ,
( 19), ,
(20).
19.
.
+ ,
+ ,
& ,
& ,
52
20..
Kg/.
+ 600800
+ 400500
180220
(..) 60200
180240
(,) 170280
100250
(..,) 60100
,.
, .
7.1.2.
53
,,,
(,2004).
7.2.
: ,
,.
, ,
21).
54
21. . (0=
,=,=,+=)
..
,,
0 0 0 x + + 0 0
0 0 0 x + + x 0 0
0 0 0 x + + 0 0
x x 0 + +
, 0 + +
0 + +
, 0 + + x 0
x 0 + + + 0 x
, x 0 x
55
.2004.
.......
..67.
..2004..:
EcoAgro.[online]<http://www.aegeaskek.gr/ecoagro/pdf/enotita1.pdf>
..2004.().:EcoAgro.
[online]<http://www.aegeaskek.gr/ecoagro/pdf/enotita2.pdf>
.2000..:.
.141142.
2092/91...
2381/94...
.2006.<!>.139
06.[online]
<http://www.kathimerini.gr/4dcgi/_w_articles_kathcommon_2_13/09/2006_1285959>
.2000....23.
[online]<http://www.itia.ntua.gr/getfile/116/8/2000HydrometTransportSM.pdf>
..2005.
.[online]
<http://web.auth.gr/agroppsepeaek/iliko/circle2/biolog.geor/kostopoul.pdf>
56
.1999.,,
.:
.1/10/99..17.
..1993.
..311.
.1997..
..
.2005.
.[online]
<http://web.auth.gr/agroppsepeaek/iliko/circle2/biolog.geor/paulatou.pdf>
.2004..:Eco
Agro.[online]
<http://www.aegeaskek.gr/ecoagro/pdf/enotita5.pdf>
.2004..,
.38,.
.1998.
.,
.,231998..96101
.1997...
.:6263.
.2000...
..[online]
<http://www.teilar.gr/schools/steg/agriculture/lessons/lessons_online/internet%20ta
moutsidis/index.htm>
57
.2001...
.[online]
<http://daedalus.math.uoi.gr/agrotica/biol_geo/biol_gr/main.htm>
.2003...
..
..2004..:EcoAgro.
[online]<http://www.aegeaskek.gr/ecoagro/pdf/enotita3.pdf>
58