a

2005/2006.
IV
1. (30)
. s = 1 / 2 ,
. , .
p x , p y , p z ,
.
0 .
, , .
,
0.

) (x) -
p
d
ih = p. (1)
dx
j (1), i , h = h / 2 h = 6,62 10 34 Js
. e i = cos + i sin ,
(x) = Aeipx/ h .
L 2

0
( x) dx = 1 , A ,
p , x - [0, L ] .
) p , . p m (
< m < + ), (0) = ( L) (x)
(1).
) - V ,
p x , p y , p z
).  p = p x2 + p y2 + p z2
( p, p + p ) . .
p x2 + p y2 + p z2
) E F E = .
2me
) E P 0.
E = const E E F  , P = const P E F n ; 
, n .
) E F ( eV) P ( GPa) ,
. = 534 kg/m3, = 6,940 g/mol.
( NA = 6,02 1023 mol-1, me = 9,1 10-31 kg)
2. (15) ,
,
.

, ,

.
max

,
;

.

max/2
( ).


.

(.
; )

.

105,6 MHz, 202 105,7 MHz,
( ) (
) ,
R= 50
L= 1,73 mH ?
3. (15) m
.
, R .
r
B
r
g .
a ( a ).
, o
.
l ,
.
4. (10) , ,

, ,
l . l .
k .
x

.

5. (30):
( )
U, ,
. ,
.
 , .
, .
U
. ,
. : U
, 10V, d1 d2
, , U.

U[V] 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
d1[cm] 9,5 13,8 16,5 19,1 21,3 23,4 25,2 27,0 28,6
d2[cm] 9,6 13,2 16,3 19,4 21,2 23,3 25,2 27,3 28,2

.
R  . ,
.
R - .
,
3/ 2
4 I
B = 0 .
5 R
I = 3,95A,
0,05. =50.
: D1=50,0cm, D2=50,2cm
D3= 49,8cm. 0= 410-7 H/m.

: ,
.

+ -
B V
..



. .

.
.. - , - , -
, -

:
:
:
 2005/2006.
IV

de i
1. ) = ie i ,
d
i de i ( x ) de i d d d i
pe = ih = ih = ihie i =h e ,
dx d dx dx dx
d p px
e i (1) = , = .
dx h h
( x) = Ae ipx / h , A
L 2

0
( x) dx = 1 .
1
e i = 1 , 1 = A 2 L A = ,
L
e ipx / h
( x) =
L

) (0) = ( L) p
1 = e ipL / h , pL / h = m 2 , m .
2h h
p m = m = m
L L
) (
p x , p y , p z ) 4 p 2 p .
h
m ,
L
h
. (
L
h3 h3
) 3 = , V = L3 . 
L V
4V
 = 2 3 p 2 p , 2
h

.
) 
pF 8V 2 8V 3
 =  = p dp = pF , p F
0 h3 3h 3
p2
. E = ,
2 me
p F2
E F = ,
2 me
2/3
3 h2 
EF = n (3), n = .
8 2m e V
 ) E 
p2 pF p
2
8V 2 8V pF5
E =  = 3 p dp = 3
,
2me 0 2m
e h 2m e h 5
2/3
3 3 3 h2  5 / 3
E = EF  = .
5 5 8 2me V 2 / 3
2/3
E 1 3 h2 5/3 2
P = = n = EF n .
V  5 8 me 5
) n = /V = m/V, n = (A /M),
n = 4,62 10 28 m-3.
E F = 4,70 eV, P = 13,96 GPa .

2. C .
U0
I 0 ( ) = .
2
1
R 2 + L
C
I 0 r = U 0 / R r = 1 / LC .

2
1
I 0 ( ) = I 0 r / 2 , L = 3R .
2

C
1
L = 3R ,
C
C LC = 1 / r2 , :
2
3R
m 1 = 0.
r L r r

3R 2 3R
= 1 + 2 2
r 4 L r 2 L r

+ 3R
= = = = 7,96 kHz.
2 2 2L

( )
.
0,1MHz=100kHz, .

3. : mg sin -
x -, FA FT
. x -
ma = mg sin + FA + FT .
 FA = IBl cos , I .
, d / dt = Blv cos , v
, I = ind / R = ( Blv cos ) / R FA = (Bl cos ) v / R .
2

FT , FT p 0 .
d
J = FT r ,
dt
; r , , J = mr 2 / 2
. v = r ,
m
d / dt = a / r FT = a .
2
FA FT :

ma = mg sin
( Bl cos )
2
m
v a,
R 2

a =
2

(Bl cos )2 v .
g sin
3 mR

4. x ,

Lx x2 + l 2
t ( x) = +
v v/k

v .

dt ( x) kx x 2 + l 2
= = 0,
dx v x2 + l 2

. kx x 2 + l 2 = 0 ,

l
x=
k 2 1
5. U,
1
Ek = me v 2 = eU
2
me v , e (e
r
). v = 2eU / me . B
r r r
F = ev B ,
.
,
m v2
a n = v 2 / r evB = e , r .
r
mv
r = e = const ,
eB
r . r ,
, :
2 m
r 2 = 2 e U
B e

2 m
U k = 2 e .
B e
U
d=(d1+d2)/2, r = d / 2 . r 2 = f (U )
( ) .

240
,
220
2
200 r B

180
k = 0,22637 cm2/V (-
160

140
),
=
r [cm ]

k ( 0 . 226 0 .002)
2

120
r2A-r2B 2
cm /V,
2

100
80 n = (0,4 1,2) cm2.
60

40 r2A

20
UA-UB
0
0 UA200 400 600 800 U 1000
,
B
U [V]
.
-
.
.

. Ds = 50,0 cm,
D = Di Ds max
= 0,2 cm. R = (25,0 0,1) cm.
B I R
= + = 0,01666 , B = (0,710 0,012) mT .
B I R

: ( ) A B
,
rA2 rB2
k=
U A UB

k ( rA2 rB2 ) (U A U B )
= +
k rA2 rB2 U A UB
( rA2 rB2 ) = rA2 + rB2 = 2rA rA + 2rB rB
(U A U B ) = U A + U B
r = d / 2 , d = 2 mm
;
9 .
U = 10 V . .

A(U A = 140 V, rA2 = 32 cm2) B(U B = 850 V, rB2 = 193 cm2) : k = 0,22676 cm2/V
(), k / k = 0,05245 , k = 0,01189 cm2/V 0,012 cm2/V.

k = (0,227 0,012) cm2/V

e / me = 1,749 1011 C/kg (
).
(e / m e ) B k
=2 + = 0,08577
e / me B k
(e / me ) = 0,15 1011 C/kg,
e / me = (1,75 0,15) 1011 C/kg
.