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    Lusdemar Jacquez Rivera
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    Katz- Social Revolution

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    14 views21 pages

    Katz - Social Revolution

    Uploaded by

    Lusdemar Jacquez Rivera
    dd

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 21
    BPEEREE REE RE RE RR RE RR ERE EE I, SOCIAL REVOLUTION — WITH A DIFFERENCE (One hundred years of history — starting inthe last third of the lghtcenth century — wrought profound changes inthe counties of Europe. In economics, polit in soil structure as well in the ideological realms that govern thee field, acute transform ‘ions tok place. These changes affected all nations in Purope, but particularly the Wester counties, Nowhere wa life flected more deeply than in the Jewish conuunity, which existed among these nations and was egarted unl then as apart frm cob Kote the re. But whereas the Evtopean sation were tatafrmed 4 ‘conemicill, politcal, and weal, the change sexe to have L o: ote deeper inthe eae of he Jom, raamuting the very nate Oud of toa Ste ft th cnr cial exinence. Toa the begin ot pe ae mors Rodin te decade af 900 Oto Jontwne ede ae tha 90 eral Trek gy ins p fae dpenedfsnnauon br ete coh Eman cyan iar oul wtf Jvesh be ee ie a etek Guan cpek scion old eran hve felt otha he fit ped Jew ight hae ten deged tga roca Saga cape Uaisers' ly Mess ‘or German depending on Bis land of residence. At that tency i" ‘ Son ion pei ci ee pu atin ote cao claret he mca 1998 Spee commit ay hae mane eed yeu nea pon wa ales Peace Bol Goonen ‘Fenn nesta bel in someway Bo thc tepid a compound expen he ogee oe tbs and wan aon Jou During th muy nde gosto, Je communitn wt- serve trunmaion tha changed ce ea ua: el ‘cup ibn hr etal nls tee ‘Sgn culos eter The rote te ee ty Sntmportis ofa ne, and by nena rome 2 our of run cuerz0 well by diferent teres: naturalization, reform, cv betterment, malgamation, asinilaon, emancipation the lat being the ‘ont widely accepe uted soraeinen i timited, polite! legal, sense, and at other ies in a mote comprehensive way. Tete term indicate the diferent aspect ofthe prowess mall these respects Jews moved from ther former ditnct Jewish pattern toward the andard common in their non-Jewish buroundings. Some sectors of the community infact were en tray absorbed by the emvironing society: thos who et the Jew ith fldintermaried and converted to Chraianty Ie seemed at times to contemporaries that tis ominous deletion would reat jn the decompesidon ofthe Jewsh community. Thi prognosis ‘id not materialize; the result ofthe pital, social, and ental ‘changes was not the disintegration of the Jewish community but ‘as horough tranelormation, At the end ofthe period under con sideration, the commnity i tll very mach extant, albeit a fering gently from its sructre of a century earlier, ‘The task of this Book i to describe and analyze the proce of change which to affected Jowry in Cental and Wetern Europe in tis interim per ‘What happened to Jewry in the Western countries inthe b= red years between 1720 and 1870 (approximately) became 3 pater Iter followed by Jewry in other pars of th world. The Prowinity ofthe Jews of Eastern Burope to Wertern Jewry made Ir inevitable that Jews of Poland and Rusia would be aware of ‘what was happening inthe West. Actually therein tit divi ‘ion of boundaries between the East and Wet, The Jews of Gal a, for Instance, historically and cultraly belong to "Eanera \Jeury” Owing to plied ieldent namely the pations of Po- ind in 1772-1785, Galician Jewry came under the sovereignty of 4 Westermoriented county, namely Auetria. In tht manner, Galician Jewry came under poleal presure to adapt ive (0 the detsnd ofan enlightened and enlightening regime. The re sponse of Galclan Jewry to thes stimuli was on the whole, a egaive one. real proces of ei and eltural transformation tated much later in Gaia —-about the middle ofthe nine teenth century —and much the eame happened in Rusia, In SOCIAL, REVOLUTION WITH A DIFFERENCE, 3 henge eof what ar hap e e Wot metic Rain sth 0 sd TDs an aia Spe Wnt at nn eget expe SE pal imporemes and al ep ‘setae utente ter ones Fen chon te hinge ated coe ihe cnet Pench omnes {lah ttnion ne ne nnn ey 2 ee a oe Wold We up nay Reka an en pray sey tr on SIE ana Unterelsy te ceo Sees ong tien amare De eis aught ten enum sch STUIREN Sit Aen anton lt J cm deere sae teen peo Seg Scuneeeeeeeee eee een Disc tatapon cdo any pnp Seni Tein Ween Bape — Gay, Au Ha sats oe ead Enda Jos ema Toe ebetaty Snel mca ee smltemaay se em lanes a mt et ear cet We cme cir fn on taro ee arcane me Joa sanyo ate pd ae am cep te on a ce in of meno ea oe ns tote noe eee de pli nad el a ba sl nen epee va eee erie ee eee nae ee er synch in eng te pte eae Aoi he cel ad snl aapacon se Rae Pato apetnibng e eryo Seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenee 7 Indeed, the story of Jewish emancipation in any of the West ce Usenet tech Saat ftps ints at nanauaunuzZutlaTtllEaTrll a: .:Sell 8 ll: Tt ETT as Sele Oe ‘cannot be ignored. The example and teaching of German =: Former lke Mees Meadelaotn had thei eet on French Jews tnd the poiesl advances gene by French Jowe through the French Revolution had their impact on German Jewry. Dt Jory was granted ctznship ale the French eaaguast of Hol land in 178, with the Dutch National Awembly emulating the Tench example. Late, ia the TED, the very term "Jewish Emancipation” had become a potcal lagan and spread from gland to the Continent, where the srugle fr exlty wa a ie begh.! There tno doubt that event in the various contin were in tereated, Sil the actual coun of events ether renal were dlifret inthe respective enanties Their presentation a one Tabric entails the nepleet of details and the omion of special Features of development in each separate country. This, however, ‘nthe price to be pad fora compound picture based upon ober. vation on what was occurring simultaneously in different "The presentation of Jewish emancipation in the Went at a meaningfl wile legitimate Fr even ithe results ofthe proc en eiflered fom place to place, the underying foreseecting these changes were Mente The tend of change encompassed All estates nid clases of Western nations, and although it Feached Jewkh scity at a later stage, once it did mit had a Sleeper tinct than in soa case. ‘The tansormation of Jews Jsocety from its prerevolutionary state represents perhaps the [geaten uphenval of ay sector of European society 2 that tine The very cp effet ofthe revolutionary er in European se ty onthe Jows could not ave Been acriental. The reason for it tnust be sought in dhe uuaval nature of Jewish society i ca Her stae. In general, Jewish acety at tht dine could be desi nated as a teadional society, wang this erm in a very special nse. Jewish society derived te raion and cultural values its ‘rey mainstay, om the past i dered to them as source of Crentation inthe presen; and relied upon them at means of tnmuring ite continuity in the fture? The past to which Jewish solely related layin the remote antiquity of Teli and Bib PERE RS SERSERSRSERERERERRE REESE SE: SOCIAL REVOLUTION — WAT A DIEMERENCE 5 ica ies, This elf was nothing uque, for Christan society tl cherished it traditions, which were to aome extent Weaticat With thwe ofthe Jews anda lest party, derived fom the same [istoria period: Tn each cate, however, the connection with tiguty wa of dierent nature, Chrnian scety accepted a ct fain trary tndton fom ancient Umes aoa source of elias {uldance inthe preeat Some institutions, for instance the Cath ‘Sle chorch, tage thelr origins to the emote past, while others uch ar Uh tate and it law achooly, al 0 ony rely more on the Fmmodiate past. Phe special featre of Jewish oer was its tal reliance on the distant pas; fr Jew action regarded every- thing of value in Jews eigion —Iavr, learning, and caleare wnt stemming fFom ancient times, the eviod ofthe Bible and the Talmud. “There is yet another difrence between the to societies Christian society regarded its Wadtion as inherited from peoples ‘who had once lived and disappeared. If and when an identifica ion with peoples of aniqity especially the Biblical Israeites ran suggested, it pertained tothe level of eymbolsm. Inthe realm of reality, Cstan society found idemiy i it concrete tine and environment. Jewish ley, however, regarded ie as tlectly deeded from the ancient people of Trae, It was not nly the ei of religion and a euleuralineritanoe, but the san tinal perpetuation of hore who bequeathed is values. Accord {ng to cei ow roca tdi, echoed by the prevalent t= ddifon ef thelr Christian (and for that’ water, Muslin) fnvironment, Jews didnot Belong t0 the place in which they Iived but expcled fom thei nn county, had fund a enfory bore among the nations. Tradition ab exvnaged « tertination ‘tent with the advent of the Mwah. Inthe meantime, there Stereo other means of elentfeation but ce adherence to taciion,Adatedl, nt all parte of the tradition could func tion ncceally in exile, and some part ofthe Biblical and Tal- rude law, including the prsered religious obligations, hal to De waived, Nevertheless, the theory wa maintained that Ue Dblie and private, could be regulated by dhe law and endowed ‘th meaning by auherence to tation, In spite of basic changes 6 our or mm in thir enviroment and in pit of he constant exchange of vironment in the wake vluntary and conpulsry emigration, Jewish maiety contrived to exp balance betwen te nei. Biedemands ofthe conditions fife ad the cecal demas of tradition, To be sre, he was achive ats double price. Fi there was the artaiieat of pie spheres fife andthe i tote ajntent of aon The onesie ev ie {nthe Middle Ages and the het pried i wel Lnown a the forcible adjustment of tradition tothe exigencies oie On the other hat no matter how mach tron wa change ae tment wat avays achieved within en. All the changes tat ‘led or me abot by adaptation were somehow jute in te of tration, Three iis posible to say tht this oly va traditional ne in very spa ene Tradition played a “ch greater part in fe than hat the people aang whom it del When de Famiovork of tional eit all ‘ve Burope dsingrte, the more tadionalm ecety bad | been the deeper watt tanmatation. ere ian fnterinedate sneer tothe quation of why Jewish society war more deeply affected than others A move deed Aner wil be theming later, Fit i ecto gine & foneree description of traonal soit in the cote whe the msoqcnt upheavals cose ‘Aouh hi bool throughout wall especialy focus on Jewish society init various metamorphowts,stenton wil be given to the hitory of thse sets which Gt mrroundd, an hen raul although not etirely,abmorbed Jnish cet. The {arial alenrpton of Jove by the mrounding sce lar vce a new clement nto Uw le of thn ects and conti ‘te to ther complet. In terme of halenge and respons, the proces of sbmrption elicited a reaction out of propton to the ‘iso the group abnrbed. The trast rom the get er Jnence of Josh sey to a pata incloon in ect at large was nowhere a nent or wooed cial prose a wa the {au wth the French Huguenot, who had liven the counts of the sein eparate exo, cen alongside the Jewish het in the enue of tine, these Huguenets singly” np peared a a group retaining at most slight institutional o cul oral ditinctivenens? ‘Jet integration, on the other hand, even where its end re suit may have resembled the care ofthe Hoguenos, remained ‘very different curing its proces of realization. The change ofthe ‘Jor civil statoe the traaormation of rangers int eens atin no Buropean country the result of general legilation, land their acceptance at equal members of sorety nowhere the tural eet of mistual adaptation. Hoth the poiial and the social aspects of the problem were envisaged ax paca ietues and

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