MG 683

Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay Environment Management MG 683

Carbon Footprint of IIT

Bombay
Environment Management
SJMSOM, IIT Bombay

2011

A D I T I G U L A T I ( 0 9 9 2 7 8 5 5 )[Type
, Atext]
NKITA YADAV (09927886),
AMIT KR. SINGH(09927890), GAURAV SAMANT(09927907)
Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Table of Contents
1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 Carbon Footprint ...................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Variables for calculation of Carbon Footprint ........................................................................... 4

2 Data Collection .................................................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Population ................................................................................................................................ 5

2.2 Number of flights taken annually .............................................................................................. 5

2.3 LPG Consumption .................................................................................................................... 5

2.4 Waste ....................................................................................................................................... 7

2.5 Number of Trees in Campus .................................................................................................... 7

2.6 Newspaper used in campus ..................................................................................................... 7

2.7 Fuel Consumption in Local Transport ...................................................................................... 7

2.7.1 Fuel used for Tumtum and buses ............................................................................... 7

2.7.2 Fuel used for official cars ............................................................................................ 8

2.8 Electricity Consumption ............................................................................................................ 9

2.9 Stationery ................................................................................................................................. 9

3 Calculation of Footprint for each variable ................................................................................... 10

3.1 Electricity Consumed.............................................................................................................. 10

3.2 LPG Consumed ...................................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Fuel Usage for Vehicles ......................................................................................................... 10

3.4 Newspaper Usage .................................................................................................................. 10

3.5 People taking flights to travel ................................................................................................. 11

3.5.1 Domestic ................................................................................................................... 11

3.5.2 International .............................................................................................................. 11

3.6 General and Food wastage .................................................................................................... 11

3.7 Offset unit calculated by number of trees............................................................................... 11

3.8 Stationery ............................................................................................................................... 12

4 Total Carbon footprint .................................................................................................................... 13

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

5 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 14

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

1 Introduction

1.1 Carbon Footprint

Carbon footprint is a measure of the impact of our activities on the environment, and in particular on
climate change. It is calculated by the amount of carbon (usually in tones/metric tonnes) being emitted
by an activity or organization/individual. With increasing industrialization, the green house gases,
specifically CO2 emission has increased to a very high level. Thus there has been a worldwide concern to
protect the environment by reducing the carbon footprint for every country and hence boiling down to
reduce CO2 emission for each organization/individual.
IIT being the top notch technology institute of the country must have a carbon footprint calculation and
adopt continuous measures to reduce it.
For every individual/organization there are 2 types of carbon footprint
- Primary Footprint : This includes direct CO2 emission by electricity usage, burning fuel, vehicular
emission
- Secondary Footprint: This includes indirect CO2 emission by food wastage, recycling paper or not
etc.
In the calculation of carbon footprint for IIT, we have tried using all variables for Primary footprint
because this is major cause of emission. Also we have tried using maximum number of variables for
secondary emission to get the accurate number of Annual Carbon Footprint of IIT.

1.2 Variables for calculation of Carbon Footprint

i. LPG usage
ii. Fuel usage (for vehicles)
iii. Newspaper used
iv. Paper used (stationery by dept.)
v. People taking flights to travel
vi. Electricity consumed
vii. Number of computer servers
viii. General and Food wastage by number of people

Variable to Offset number of trees in campus

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

2 Data Collection

2.1 Population
Category No. of People
No . Of Students (UG+ PG+PHD+ Project Staff) 7670
Faculty 550
Staff
Category B 183
Category C 484
Category D 572
Dependents
2 per person;approx 75% staff and faculty in
campus 2684
Permanent Population in Campus 12143
Temporary Staff( for 89 days per year) 50
Casual Labor (Day to Day basis) 50
Total Population 12205
(*** Source Admin section)

2.2 Number of flights taken annually

Official (domestics) 136 (for 2010)
Official (International) (93 for quarter Oct-Dec10)
Total 2010 = 375
For LTC LTC availed in 2010 = 256 (taking average family size as 2)
= 512
Hence total flights: Domestic = 648, International = 375

(*** Source Mr Yogesh Patil and Mr. Sanjay, transport, Admin section)

2.3 LPG Consumption

Energy Audit of IIT Bombay campus was performed in July 2008 by students of Department of Energy
Science and Engineering under the guidance of Prof. Rangan Banerjee with the goal to achieve energy
efficiency. The connected load and energy pattern was studied for all the hostels and the following
results were found:

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Assuming the calorific value of LPG as 46.4 MJ/kg, the energy consumption of LPG is 31 GJ. Thus the
major energy consumption is from LPG only. LPG consumed per student in different hostel kitchens is as
below:

Thus, considering daily energy consumption in LPG as 5 MJ, the total energy consumption in LPG for
total population is
= Daily energy consumption* Total Population residing in IIT Bombay campus
= 5*12205 MJ
=61025 MJ

Thus the annual consumption for 9 months (excluding 3 months of holidays) can be given by:
= 61025MJ * 275 = 16,781,875MJ

(Note: number of days taken as 275, because students go home for 3 months i.e. May, June, Dec)

But some students stay, assuming only 20% students and 40% residents (staff + research scholars) stay,
so for these 90days adding only 60% daily consumption:
= 61025 MJ * 60% * 90 = 3,295,350 MJ

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Hence total annual LPG consumption for IIT is: 16,781,875 MJ + 3,295,350 = 20,077,225 MJ

2.4 Waste
As per the table above, in 2007 total wastage per day was calculated to be 328 kg

Assuming a 100% increase in student and 40% in faculty and staff; the population in 2007 at IIT is
considered to be around 7000 members.
So current wastage= 328kg *12012/7000 kg per day = 562.848 kg
Annual wastage = 562.848 * 275 (total population on 275 days) +274.208* 90(staff + faculty+ 20%
students for rest 90 days)

Annual Wastage = 179461.9kg

(*** Source from table in section 2.3)

2.5 Number of Trees in Campus

From saplings to large trees, the number is approximated to be 2 Lakh
(*** Source Mr Baikar, Estate Office)

2.6 Newspaper used in campus

Number of newspaper used daily in campus 10,000 (approx)
Annual usage: Hostel supply will be reduced during 3 months (Dec, May, June) of holidays. Hostel supply
includes on an average 200/hostel, 200*14 = 2800 Newspaper daily for hostels
During holidays hostel get only 20% of regular supply.
Hence annual hostel = 2800*275 + 2800*90*0.2 = 820400
Other usage = 10000-2800 = 7200
Annual other usage = 7200*365 = 2628000
Total newspaper annual usage = 3448400
Reduction on weekends and holidays in office= 3448400-(125*2000) = 3198400
*approximately 2000 newspapers delivered in departments
(*** Source Mr Ashok Kamble, Chemistry Dept. track newspaper delivery through campus)

2.7 Fuel Consumption in Local Transport

Fuel Consumption can be divided into 2 parts as per the records:
2.7.1 Fuel used for Tumtum and buses

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Unit of measurement Timeline Petrol Diesel Lubes CNG Total

Cost of Fuel
Consumed Oct-10 36780 7415 3744 84770 132709
in Rupees Nov-10 60275 5984 31557 138921 236737
Dec-10 70291 21479 0 162005 253775
Last Quarter
2010 167346 34878 35301 385696 623221
Average per
month 55782 11626 11767 128565.333 207740.333

Year 2010 =
Average per
month *12 669384 139512 141204 1542784 2492884
Average Price(Rs per
litre for petrola nd
diesel, Rs per kg for
CNG) 58 38 30
Fuel Consumed
(litres for petrol and
kg for CNG) Year 2010 11541.1 3671.36842 51426.1333
Fuel Consumed (in
litres) 5.3kg CNG=
6.9L** 11541.1 3671.36842 66951.0038

(*** Source Security Deptt, **Source- http://www.cng.com.sg/conversion-cng-faqs.html)

2.7.2 Fuel used for official cars

Month Petrol - Cars (in Litres) Diesel - Cars (in Litres)
Jan-10 962 1265
Feb-10 967 1364
Mar-10 1081 1617
Apr-10 953 1171
May-10 876 858
Jun-10 931 803
Jul-10 1120 1021
Aug-10 1127 1441
Sep-10 1080 952
Oct-10 1057 1486
Nov-10 939 927
Dec-10 973 824
Total 12066 13729

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Therefore, Total Fuel consumption is:

CNG = 66951L
Petrol = 23607L
Diesel= 17400L

2.8 Electricity Consumption

The electricity data was taken from Mr Sahuu, Executive Engineer, Electrical Maintenance Department.
The detail data can be found in the attached excel sheet

Electricity_Consumpti
on_IIT

2.9 Stationery
The stationary data was collected from Material Management Department, IIT Bombay. The details can
be found in the attached excel

Requisitions for period 2009

Envelopes
Expandabl 4 1/2 X 9 Envelopes
A-4 Xerox A-3 Xerox Envelopes e cloth 1/2 (No.) 9 x 12
Paper Paper 4 1/2 X 9 Envelopes Envelopes Seminar Folder with envelopes Internal Internal
(ream) (ream) 1/2 (No.) 9 x12 16 x 14 Pads Sleeves Office files Box files Letter heads9 x 12 Use Use
TOTAL
CONSUMP
TION 11795 580 79250 26640 15655 9582 2735 17235 4029 29120 23340 21035 16727

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

3 Calculation of Footprint for each variable

3.1 Electricity Consumed

Total electricity consumed in a year = 20,534,074.22 KWH
Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 0.82
(*** Source http://www.gtllimited.com/pdf/corporate_forum/2nd_International_Conference_on_Green_Telecoms_India_2010.pdf)
Carbon emitted in KG = 16,837,941kg
Carbon emitted in Metric tonnes = 16837.9 MT

3.2 LPG Consumed

Total LPG consumed in a year = 20,077,225 MJ
To convert it to KWH 1 MJ = .27777 KWH
Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 0.21
(*** Source http://www.resurgence.org/education/carbon-calculator.html)
Carbon emitted in KG = 1,170,844 KG
Carbon emitted in Metric tonnes = 1,170.844 MT

3.3 Fuel Usage for Vehicles

CNG used annually = 51426.1333 Liters = 66951.00377 KG
Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 1.5
(*** Source http://www.resurgence.org/education/carbon-calculator.html)
Carbon emitted in KG = 100,426.51 KG
Carbon emitted in Metric tonnes = 100.43 MT

Petrol used annually = 23607 Liters

Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 2.3
(*** Source http://timeforchange.org/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-definition)
Carbon emitted in KG = 54296.1 KG
Carbon emitted in Metric tonnes = 54.2MT

Diesel used annually = 17400 Liters

Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 2.7
(*** Source http://timeforchange.org/what-is-a-carbon-footprint-definition)
Carbon emitted in KG = 46980.99474 KG
Carbon emitted in Metric tonnes = 46.98 MT

3.4 Newspaper Usage

*** No recycling for Newspapers is done

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Total in a year = 3198400

Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 0.62
(*** Source http://www.publicradio.org/columns/marketplace/sustainability-
answers/The%20environmental%20impact%20of%20the%20Amazon%20Kindle.pdf)
Carbon emitted in KG = 1983008 Kg
Carbon emitted in MT = 1983.008MT

3.5 People taking flights to travel

3.5.1 Domestic
Total in a year = 136 + 512 = 648
Include return journey = 648*2= 1296
Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 1100
(*** Source http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/how-to-calculate-carbon-footprint-10472.html)
Carbon emitted = 1425600 Pounds
1 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms
Carbon emitted in KG = 646641.2827 Kg
Carbon emitted in MT = 646.6412827 MT

3.5.2 International
Total in a year = 375
Include return journey = 375*2= 750
Factor for calculating Carbon emitted = 4400
(*** Source http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/how-to-calculate-carbon-footprint-10472.html)
Carbon emitted = 1650000 Pounds
1 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms
Carbon emitted in KG = 748427.4105 Kg
Carbon emitted in MT = 748.4274105 MT

3.6 General and Food wastage

Total Annual Wastage (in kg) = 179461.9
Factor for 1 person = 2.24
(*** Source http://www.carbonify.com/carbon-calculator.htm)
Carbon emitted in KG = 401994.7 Kg
Carbon emitted in MT = 401.9947 MT

3.7 Offset unit calculated by number of trees

Carbon Footprint Ltd has used the estimation that on average one tree will offset 1tCO2 of Carbon
Dioxide during its full-lifetime of approximately 100 years.
(*** Source http://www.carbonfootprint.com/termsandconditions.html)
Number of Trees in IIT = 2, 00,000 (approx)

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

Emission reduction in 1 year = 2, 00,000 /100 = 2000MT

3.8 Stationery
*** No recycling for Stationery is done
Total in a year = 12375
Total Number of reams used = 12375/500 = 24.75
Weight of 1 ream = 2.5 kg (approx)
Total weight = 2.5 * 24.75 = 61.875 KG = 136.5894 pound
Conversion factor = 7.16 pound/pound
(1 pound = 0.45359237 kilograms)
Carbon emitted = 977.98 pound = 443 Kg

Carbon emitted in MT = .443 MT

(*** Source http://www.newsociety.com/Publishers%20CO2%20Template%20USA.pdf)

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

4 Total Carbon footprint

The total annual footprint of IIT Bombay is calculated as below:
S.No. Variable CO2 emitted (in MT)
1 Electricity Consumed 16837
2 LPG Consumed 1170.84
3 Vehicles usage
CNG 100.43
Petrol 54.2
Diesel 46.98
4 Newspaper Used 1983.008
5 Flights
Domestic 646.6
International 748.4
6 General and Food Wastage 401.99
7 Stationery 0.443
8 Trees (2000)

Hence Total CO2 emitted = 19989.9MT

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Carbon Footprint of IIT Bombay MG 683

5 Conclusion

Thus the Carbon emitted by IIT annually, maximum includes emitted by electricity usage. Also
newspaper is not being recycled currently. Being a technology institute there should be investment for
paper recycling to offset the carbon emitted by newspaper usage. Also biofuel can be used as an option
for cooking in few hostels as a pilot plant.

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