BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
HIU SIU D LIU V MC CH CA N
Siu d liu l bin mc c thc
hin bi con ngi1
Th gii cng ngh thng tin ang
bn lun ngy cng nhiu v siu d liu.
Tt c mi ngi ngy hm nay dng
nh ang to ra mt nh dng siu d
liu no . Thng c mt th <meta>
trong mt ti liu HTML cha ng
siu d liu cho cc ngun ti nguyn
Internet; cc nh khoa hc pht trin
mt siu d liu m t nhng b gen;
cc nh xut bn c mt nh dng siu d
liu to iu kin cho vic tip th sn
phm, dch v thng tin v d liu gi ti
ngi bn l. Vy, iu g s xy ra trong
mt th gii cng ngh hin ang dn dt
tt c mi ngi tin rng siu d liu l
cu tr li? Nu mt s la chn cho rng
siu d liu s l cu tr li, th cu hi
s l g v n c ngha nh th no i
vi th vin v nhng mc lc th vin
(library catalogs)?
NH NGHA SIU D LIU
(METADATA)
Trc tin chng ta hy nh ngha
siu d liu l g? Mt nh ngha chung
nht cho siu d liu l d liu v d
liu. nh ngha ny thot nghe s cm
thy cun ht, nhng n khng gip
chng ta hiu ton b siu d liu l g.
Nhng g gii thch sau y t cun ht
hn, nhng n a n mt cch hiu tt
THNG 10/2007
KAREN COYLE
hn. Vi cch ny, th siu d liu l
thng tin c cu trc, iu ny c ngha
l n thuc phm tr sng to ca con
ngi, v chng ta khng tm thy n
trong t nhin. Mt minh ha tt cho
thng tin c cu trc l vic s dng
kinh v v m t tri t v cc
im trn . Tri t trong thc t hin
nhin khng c nhng ng kinh tuyn
vng quanh n, mc d hin nay chng ta
quen thuc nhn thy bn v qu a
cu vi nhng ng kinh tuyn , song
s sng to ra kinh v v cho php
chng ta ni v cc v tr trn hnh tinh
ny v di chuyn chnh xc qua nhng
khong cch rng ln m khng c mt
ct mc no ch dn cho chng ta c.
Minh ha dn chng ta n mt c
tnh cn thit th hai ca siu d liu: siu
d liu c con ngi pht trin cho mt
mc ch hoc mt chc nng no . Bi
vy, mt bn h thng tu in ngm
dng cho ngi li tu vi cc tuyn
ng v im chuyn tip c m ha
mu sc. Bn ny thng ch va
i din cho t l v a l thc t ca
mt thnh ph m tuyn xe in ngm
phc v, song n thc s hu ch bi v
n a ra mt bc tranh tp trung ca h
thng tu in ngm, mc d n khng
quan tm n s chnh xc v mt a l.
Mt bn ng b ca mt khu vc
tng t s thc t hn v mt a l,
song nu bn do mt ban qun l v
29
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
du lch thit k th n thng lm ni bt
ln v tr cc khch sn, bo tng, im di
tch v bi xe. Mt bn ca mt khu
vc do mt cu lc b i b s dng
thng tp trung vo xy dng nhng
hnh hc v mc ch ra thng cnh t
nhin. R rng rng khng c mt bn
duy nht no phc v mi nhu cu, bi
vy khng c mt loi siu d liu no
cho cc ti liu hoc cc i tng thng
tin khc nhau. Ti sao li nh vy, chnh
bi v khng phi ch chnh i tng
thng tin quyt nh siu d liu m cn
c nhu cu v mc ch ca ngi to ra
n cng nh i tng m n hng n.
Nu khng qu siu hnh th siu d liu
khng phi l mt th gii, n l cch
chng ta nhn th gii nh th no vo
mt thi im v mt mc ch no .
Siu d liu cng thng c s
dng nh l d liu i din cho mt vt
thc t. Trong mt mc lc th vin, cc
tiu (headings) l thng tin i din
cho nhng quyn sch trn gi sch.
Trong khi ngi s dng th vin thng
kh khn xem mi sch quyt nh h
cn quyn sch no th t ra quyn sch c
th vn trn gi h c th xem qua.
Trong mi trng s, vai tr i din ca
siu d liu l rt quan trng bi v nhiu
ngun ti nguyn khng d dng c th
xem ton vn v nhiu ngun khng cha
ng d liu r rng m t v chnh
chng. S quan tm ngy cng tng n
siu d liu l mt phn trong n lc t
chc li th gii hn lon ca cc ngun
ti nguyn s v cung cp s truy cp v
dch v hon ho hn m n cha tng c
trc kia. N cng l mt cch trao i d
liu gia ni lu tr ti nguyn khc hn
THNG 10/2007
nhau, ng thi cho php tm kim rng
khp trn nhiu kho d liu s.
XML v RDF
Hai t vit tt m ngi ta thng
nghe v c s dng ng thi khi h
bn lun v siu d liu l XML v RDF.
XML l t vit tt ca eXtensible
Markup Language2 v RDF l vit tt l
Resource Description Framework3. Mt
s ngi ni v XML v RDF dng nh
chng chnh l nhng nh dng siu d
liu, nhng iu ny l mt s nhm ln
gia kh mu (form) v ni dung. C
XML v RDF thc t l nhng nh dng
d liu chung m ngi ta c th dng
cho nhiu ng dng. C th, XML thng
c s dng nh l nh dng ti liu v
l mt nh dng m rng ca HTML.
Nu mt nhn vin th vin cha quen
thuc vi cu trc biu ghi XML th n
trng c v kh phc tp v b n. Thc t
th nh dng c bn ca n kh n gin
mc d ngi ta c th dng n to ra
nhng biu ghi d liu phc tp. Nu mt
th th bit v mt biu ghi MARC nh
l c cc trng d liu c m t bi
cc th trng (tags), v d nh s dng
th 245 m ch cho th nhan -
title:
245$a Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
sau XML ch l mt cch khc to ra
th nhm gn phn t d liu vo trong
, mc d vi ti liu XML nht thit
phi a ra th bt u v th kt thc
(vi mt du / trc tn th ) bao ly
mi phn t d liu:
<title>Hamlet, Prince of
Denmark</title>
30
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
Nhng th ny c th l bt k ci g m
chng ta mun chng nh vy, min l
chng cn c nh ngha trc trong
mt cu trc nh ngha nh dng d liu.
Bi vy, nu mun, ngi ta c th nh
ngha bng bt k k t no cho mt th
nhan :
<245>Hamlet, Prince
Denmark</245>
<ti>Hamlet, Prince of Denmark</ti>
XML, cng nh th MARC v
trng con, cn thit phi l mt cu trc
c th bc. Li th i vi MARC21 l
n c nhiu mc phn cp ti mc cn
thit ch khng phi ch hai cp ca
th v trng con. Trong ti liu XML, s
phn cp ny c lng vo nhau nh
bp b Nga ti mc cn thit.
nh dng RDF l mt hoc hai
bc tin vt xa hn XML. RDF nhn
mnh vo mi quan h gia cc phn t
d liu. Mt mi quan h chnh trong
RDF l v (about). u mt
ngun ti nguyn Web l i tng ca ti
liu RDF, v cc trng khc trong ti
liu l s m t v ngun ti nguyn
. l mt cch hiu n gin nht.
RDF cng c th tn dng cc mi quan
h nh:
subClassOf
subPropertyOf
member
isDefinedby
v nhng mi quan h khc. RDF l mt
cu thnh cn thit ca mt n lc m
ngi ta gi l Web ng ngha4
(Sementic Web), mt c gng ca t
chc 3WC (World Wide Web
THNG 10/2007
Consortium) nhm b sung mt cu thnh
c ng ngha vo vic chia s d liu qua
Internet. RDF phc tp hn v t c s
dng hn XML, v ngi ta vn cha r
rng liu n c k tha nh l mt ngn
ng chung m t th gii Web khng.
Dng nh r rng rng n i hi chng
of ta phi hiu su nhng khi nim c tnh
trit hc nht nh hn l i vi XML v
s ngi thy n vn kh hiu (v ti
trong nhm ) ln hn nhiu s ngi
cho n l mt gii php. (V d di y
ca mt biu ghi s dng mt nh dng
n gin ca RDF).
SIU D LIU CHO I
TNG GING TI LIU
Nh l cc th th, chng ta s lm
vic vi siu d liu m t ti liu v cc
i tng ging ti liu (Document-like
objects) mc d chng ta thy cng vic
ca mnh chnh l lu tr, t chc, v
cung cp dch v lin quan n nhiu loi
siu d liu khc nhau, v d nh siu d
liu khoa hc. Song, i vi bi bo ny,
ti s tp trung vo siu d liu m t ti
liu, v xoay quanh mt vn chnh l
siu d liu ny s khc vi mc lc ca
th vin nh th no? Chng ta c th ghi
nhn rng cc nh dng siu d liu gii
thiu trong bi bo ny (Dublin Core,
MODS v METS) ch l ba trong s nhiu
nh dng ang c s dng hin nay,
song ba nh dng ny l ba tiu chun
c s dng thng xuyn nht trong
cc th vin s.
Bin mc th vin r rng l iu
kin tuyt i cn thit ca m t siu d
liu ti liu. N c th truy tm ngun gc
31
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
v tn gia nhng nm 1800 vi s thng
tr ca Jewett v Panizzi. N quen
thuc, thm ch vi mt ngi c cht
kin thc trong th gii ni ting Anh
(Anglo-American). S mc lc th vin
hin c va p o bt c lc Ti c th d dng lm mt biu ghi
siu d liu no khc s c s dng cho
sch (mc d khng th dng cho bi bo
tp ch). Bi vy, khi ngi pht trin
trong cc ng dng Internet cn siu d
liu cho cc ti liu truy cp trc tuyn,
h khng chp nhn mt tiu chun sn
c ca th vin. Trong thc t, mt tiu
chun siu d liu ti liu thng thy
nht trong nhng ng dng khng phi
th vin l Dublin Core. hiu c
nguyn nhn tai sao li nh vy, chng ta
cn xem xt n mc ch ca n.
Dublin Core
Bi v t Dublin trong Dublin
Core m ch cho thnh ph bang Ohio,
tr s ca OCLC v bi v OCLC l t
chc h tr tiu chun Dublin Core (DC),
cho nn ngi ta thng tng lm rng
DC l mt s k tha no t truyn
thng ca th vin. Trn thc t, c
nhiu n lc chia tch chun Dublin
Core khi nhng tiu chun truyn thng
ca th vin, v n lc phn ln
thnh cng. Mc ch ca Dublin Core l
cung cp mt b phn t d liu n gin
cho vic m t ti liu v cc i tng
khc trn Internet. N s n gin ti mc
bt k ai cng c th to ra mt biu ghi
cho ti liu ring ca mnh. Dublin Core
c 15 phn t d liu chnh (core)5, m
nhng phn t ny s c chi tit ha
hn bng vic s dng cc b chun ha
d liu (qualifiers). Nhng phn t chnh
THNG 10/2007
ny c ngha rt m rng, bi vy thay
th th Tc gi (Author), n s l Ngi
to lp (Creator), song th Ngi to
lp c th c gn cho tn tc gi,
ngi to lp hoc ngi sng tc vv.
Dublin Core cho bt th ci g, k c cho
chnh bi bo m ti vn cha vit xong
ny:
creator = Karen Coyle
title = Understanding Metadata and its
Purpose
date = December, 2004
description = The first draft of an article
for Journal of Academic Librarianship
subject = metadata
type = text
Mt hy vng ca tiu chun
Dublin Core l mi ti liu trn
Internet s c c s m t th tch
ring ca chng, v chng s c nhng
phn t d liu c m ha cho cc
phn thng tin nh tc gi, nhan , ngy
thng. Theo mt ngha khc, tiu chun
ny i din cho mt quan im rt ging
nh mt th th, iu ny c ngha l mt
ti liu c th c tm theo tn tc gi
hoc nhan . Trn Internet ngy hm
nay, Dublin Core qu tht c s
dng ngy cng nhiu mc d n vn
cha to ra mt mc lc ca ngun ti
nguyn Internet. Thay vo , Dublin
Core tr thnh mt siu d liu m t
ti liu cho nhiu ng dng da trn Web.
Mt v d ca ng dng ny l
Creative Commons License.
Creative Commons6 l c mt dch
v Web v mt phong tro c tnh x hi.
N c pht trin bi Larry Lessig, mt
32
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN THNG 10/2007

gio s lut trng i hc Standford ni hiu cc phn t m t. Theo ngha ny,

ting v vic b ch trch i vi s tng Dublin Core t c mc ch cung
hiu lc ca lut bn quyn khng c li cp mt b phn t chnh c th d dng
cho quyn ca cng chng i vi vic s nhng vo nhiu ng dng Web khc
dng v s dng li nhng tng ca nhau.
ngi i trc7. Vi s quan tm to iu Mt trong nhng iu g lm cho
kin cho ngi to lp c th cho php s Dublin Core d dng s dng i vi bt
dng nhng tc phm ca mnh, mt b k ai, l n khng gn lin vi mt
nhng cp php c pht trin d quy tc bin mc. y l ci g i ngc
dng gn vo cc tp tin trn Internet. li khuynh hng ca nguyn tc bin
Nhng b cp php ny xc lp rng mc th vin v n nht nh lm gim i
ngi to lp ln mt tc phm cho php kh nng c th s dng li ni dung ca
s dng v s dng li ci g. Ngoi s cc biu ghi Dublin Core. C nhiu s m
cp php ny ra, phn mm Creative t mi phn t d liu theo tiu chun
Commons cho php ngi to lp gn Dublin Core, bi vy ngha ca mt
thm mt phn nh nhng g m cc th phn d liu c nh ngha chung
th gi l siu chung, song
d liu m bin mc vn
t: Ngi to hp l khi bin
lp (creator), mc mt phn
nhan (title), t d liu
v ngy thng Creator=Karen
(date), v m Coyle cng nh
t ngn v mt Creator =
tiu . H s Coyle, Karen.
dng nhng Li th ca iu
phn t d liu ny l
Dublin Core l Dublin Core c
creator, title, th c s
date, dng bi nhiu
description cng ng v
(c m ha vn ha khc
trong mt biu Hnh 1 nhau; v iu
ghi nh l Creative Commons License vi Phn t D liu
Dublin Core in m bt li hin
dc:creator, nhin l ni
dc:title, ). (Hnh 1). dung ca cc trng d liu khng nht
s dng phn mm Creative qun hay thng nht trn mi ng dng,
Commons License khng cn hiu v lut iu lm cho s vn hnh lin kt tr
bn quyn hoc cc tho thun hp ng, ln kh khn.
v gn nh bt k ai u c th d dng

33
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
MODS: Mt kh mu MARC nh
nhng v n gin hn
Kh mu MARC mt biu ghi
c cu trc chuyn bit mc cao cho
vic m ha thng tin th tch. N ni
ting trong th gii th vin v c hu
thun bi nhiu h thng th vin ti Hoa
K, Canada v nhiu nc khc, c bit
trong th gii cc quc gia ni ting Anh.
Trong mt mi trng ni kt mng m
siu d liu m t c chuyn tip
qua nhiu h thng v c th gn lin vo
trong hoc vi nhiu loi siu d liu
khc, th qu tht l tng s dng
biu ghi MARC cho mc ch ny. Tuy
nhin, vn ca MARC l vic
nhng d liu ny ni chung i hi s
dng mt cu trc d liu XML, v
MARC khng phi mt biu ghi XML.
Th vin Quc hi M to ra mt cch
nhm bin dch biu ghi MARC sang
XML, nhng khng nhn c s
hng ng, v mt l do c th nhn thy,
l: biu ghi MARC ln v chi tit hn
l mi h thng c th cn, v vic s
dng cc th s v m trng con lm cho
mi ngi kh hiu nu khng c o
to y . Bi vy, ngi ta cn mt
phin bn MARC nh nhng v n gin
hn m c th chp nhn nhng phn t
d liu chnh t mt biu ghi MARC v
chuyn chng vo mt kh mu XML d
dng hiu hn. Vy, tiu chun MODS
ra i (Tiu chun M t i tng Siu
D liu Metadata Object Description
Standard).
MODS s dng nhng th m
ngi ta d dng hiu thay th cho
nhng th bng 3 ch s v m trng
con ca MARC (vd., Nhan (title)
THNG 10/2007
thay th cho 245). N b qua phn ln
cc phn t d liu ca trng c nh,
ngoi tr nhng m kh mu c tnh vt
l (ca m 007) v nhiu m dnh cho th
loi (ca m 008). N cng gii thiu mt
s cch thc hnh hiu qu v cch tn
hn. MODS nh ngha mt cu trc gi
l Tn (Name) i din nhiu trng
bao gm c trng con cha ng
thng tin tn c nhn, cng ty v cho tn
mt hi ngh. Cu trc ny c th c s
dng bt k khi no mt tn xut hin, n
c th l mc d liu chnh, ph hoc ch
. Bi vy, vi mt trng tn nh:
<bname type=personalN>
<namePart>Shakespeare,
William</namePart>
<namePart type=date>1564
1616</namePart>
</name>
C th c s dng nh mt
trng tc gi, hoc c th tr thnh mt
phn ca tiu mc (Subsject
Heading):
<subject authority=lcsh>
<name type=personal>
<namePart>Shakespeare,
William</namePart>
<namePart type=date>1564
1616</namePart>
</name>
<topic>Bibliography</topic>
<topic>Periodicals</topic>
</subject>
Mc d c sinh ra t MARC21
v chi tit hn nhiu tiu chun Dublin
Core, nhng MODS li t quy tc bin
mc hn MARC21. Tng t nh Dublin
Core, khng c nhiu trng ph thuc
34
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
v tt c cc trng u c th lp li.
MODS cha ng nhiu gi tr t MARC,
song n cng c nhng nhiu im khc
vi MARC21: Khng c nhng khi
nim v dn mc chnh (main entry)
hoc dn mc ph (added entry), tt
c tc gi n gin ch l tc gi; v mt
biu ghi c th c nhiu nhan m
khng c mt nhan chnh (main
title). Khi nhng biu ghi MARC21
c bin dch ti MODS, th ngi ta c
mt biu ghi trong XML mang du n ca
MARC. Biu ghi MODS c th c to
ra t siu d liu th tch m khng khi
u t mc lc th vin, v d nh trch
dn ca bi bo, v n thng c s
dng trong c s d liu c s trn ln
ca mc lc th vin v d liu bin mc
khc.
METS Mt siu d liu cu trc
l mt nh dng siu d liu
ti liu v mc ch ca n khng phi l
m t theo ngha bin mc ca thut
ng . Mt nh dng siu d liu ang
c s dng ph bin bi nhiu th vin
s v lu tr s gi l Tiu chun M ha
v Truyn Siu d liu (METS
Metadata Encoding and Transmission
Standard). METS ng vai tr nh l mt
tiu chun gi siu d liu (wrapper)
v n gip ti ng gi cc tp tin cng
to ln mt i tng s. Khng ging
nh mt cun sch ng tp, ti liu s
thng c to ln t nhiu tp tin ring
r i din cho nhng trang ca cun sch
hoc cc n v s khc. V khng ging
nh mt cun sch in, ngi ta thng
khng nhn thy trang ba hoc trang nhan
, cng khng c mt hnh nh thu nh
THNG 10/2007
no thng qua trang sch tm thy mt
v tr c th trong cun sch. Chng ta
hy ngh v tiu chun METS nh l mt
tiu chun ng tp, ng gi v di
chuyn cho mt nhm tp tin s. N cng
bao gm thng tin k thut cn thit
qun l v hiu nhng tp tin , nh
nh dng tp tin, cng ngh c s
dng s ha nu tiu bt u
i sng ca n trn giy, v s chuyn
i sang hnh thc s v nn s c
s dng i vi nhng tp tin . iu g
m tiu chun METS khng nh ngha
l siu d liu m t. Thay vo , n
cho php ngi ta to ra biu ghi METS
nhng bt c siu d liu m t no m
h mong mun s dng cho ti liu .
iu ny minh ha mt c tnh quan
trng ca th gii siu d liu, m chng
ta thy trong v d ca phn mm
Creative Commons: siu d liu c th
c s dng li thay v sng to ra n.
Nhng biu ghi METS thng mang siu
d liu m t theo tiu chun Dublin
Core, hoc MODS.
SIU D LIU V MC LC
TH VIN
Vy tt c nhng g cp trn
c th lm vic vi mc lc th vin, v
quan trng hn c, liu siu d liu c
thay th mc lc th vin khng? Nh ti
cp trn, mt trong nhng vn
n chnh i vi biu ghi Dublin Core
l thiu qui tc bin mc, v bi th
hu nh khng c c s d bo gia
cng ng ngi dng hoc cc d n
thc hin v ni dung ca nhng trng
d liu. Ci g m vic bin mc v mc
35
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN
lc th vin c th em n l kh
nng tng thch mc cao v d liu
cha ng trong cc biu ghi. S tng
thch ny to ra mt dch v cho ngi
dng. Ngi dng c th chuyn t mt
mc lc th vin ny n mt mc lc th
vin khc m vn m bo thng nht v
d liu. Song, gi tr chnh ca s tng
thch ny l n to cho chng ta kh nng
bin mc hp tc v trao i biu ghi th
tch gia cc th vin v h thng th
vin vi nhau. iu ny cng cho php
cc nh cung cp h thng th vin to ra
mt sn phm c th s dng bt k th
vin no, v nh phiu mc lc theo kch
c tiu chun c th va bt k ngn
ko mc lc phiu no.
Hiu qu t s tng thch ny tht
l to ln v cng ng th vin ph thuc
vo iu ny bin mc cc ti liu gc
ca mnh. Song, v th vin ang chuyn
sang vic t chc nhng ti liu t c tnh
truyn thng hn, cho nn c qui tc bin
mc v h thng th vin trc kia u
khng em n cc gii php kh thi. Hy
tng tng rng bn c mt b lu tr
nh v thnh ph ca qu hng bn k t
u th k 20, v bn mun n sn c
trn Web. V chng ta gi s bn c
khong mt nghn bc nh trong s chng
m hu nh bn khng bit v tc gi
chp chng l ai, v thng khng r v
ngy thng chp. Bn ch c th thy rng
ai ghi bng bt ch ln pha sau bc
nh cho bit bc nh ny chp ci g. Vd.,
Main Street, circa 1910. bin mc v
to ra mt biu ghi MARC21 ca nhng
bc nh ny thng rt tn thi gian v
thng kt qu l biu ghi s c rt t
thng tin. Thay vo , bn c th to ra
THNG 10/2007
mt biu ghi Dublin Core n gin nh
sau:
date = circa 1910
description = Main Street
Biu ghi ny c th khng c
nhp vo mt mc lc trc tuyn mc d
biu ghi nh th ny c th l im truy
cp cho cc cng ngh tm kim siu d
liu cho php mt tm kim duy nht
c th tm kim vi nhiu c s d liu c
nh dng siu d liu khc nhau. Li ch
chnh l nhng biu ghi nh th ny c
th c nhn vin th vin to ra nhanh
v d dng m khng cn phi o to
nhiu. Bi th, siu d liu cho mt
ngun ti nguyn no d dng c th
c to ra, m nu theo cch m t khc
thng th khng c thng tin g c.
Tiu chun siu d liu nh
Dublin Core thiu cp d bo cho
php s dng li mt cch h thng trn
din rng nhng biu ghi. Trn thc t,
nhng kh mu siu d liu ny, v nhiu
kh mu d liu khc thng c s
dng trong cc h thng ring bit v n
l. D rng th vin bt u trao i
vi nhau t cui th k 19, nhng chng
ta mi thy nhng h thng ring bit ny
bt u trao i d liu, cho nn cc nh
pht trin i n mt kt lun rng, khng
phi cu trc d liu, m l ni dung ca
nhng biu ghi siu d liu lm nn s
khc bit gia mt gii php trn mt h
thng duy nht v h thng mc lc gn
kt.
Ni mt cch khc, chng ta c th
thy khi siu d liu tng ln v tr nn
ln th n s tr thnh mc lc th
vin.
36
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN THNG 10/2007

CH GII V THAM KHO

1. Cch gii thch ny ln u tin c a ra bi Tom Delsey ca Th vin Quc
gia Canada ni (Metadata: Cataloging for men), v Michael Gorman (. . .
metadata is cataloging done by men.).
2. Tiu chun XML c nh ngha bi 3WC (http://www.w3.org/XML/), song
nhiu tiu chun ng dng XML li c nh ngha bi nhiu nhm khc, v d
nh nhm tiu chun kinh doanh in t (e-business standard group), OASIS
(http://www.oasis-open.org/).
3. http://www.w3.org/RDF/.
4. http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/.
5. 15 phn t Dublin Core l nh sau: Contributor, Coverage, Creator, Date,
Description, Format, Identifier, Language, Publisher, Relation, Rights, Source,
Subject, Title, Type (http://dublincore.org)
6. http://www.creativecommons.org.
7. Lawrence Lessig l mt tc gi ca cc cun sch Code and Other Laws of
Cyberspace (New York: Basic Books, c1999); The Future Of Ideas: The Fate Of
The Commons In A Connected World (New York: Random House, 2001); Free
Culture: How Big Media Uses.Technology And The Law To Lock Down Culture
And Control Creativity (New York: Penguin Press, 2004).
8. http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/.

Siu d liu l Phiu mc lc

GING NHAU:
c bin mc bi con ngi;
Trnh by l lch ca ti liu hay cn c gi l th tch (biu ghi th tch
bibliographic record v siu d liu th tch bibliographic metadata): tc gi,
nhan , nm xut bn, vv; so snh vi h tch: h v tn, ngy sinh, vv

KHC NHAU:
Phiu mc lc tch ri kho ti liu; trong khi siu d liu thng km theo ni
dung ti liu;
Nhng thnh phn m t ca phiu mc lc hay biu ghi th tch thng tch
ri theo tng cm t hay nhn trng (MARC) c trao i di dng lin
bin (analog); trong khi thnh phn m t siu d liu c ng gi bng
cng ngh web v trao i di dng k thut s (digital).

c th hin trong mi trng s

37
BN TIN TH VIN - CNG NGH THNG TIN THNG 10/2007

Minh ha mt biu ghi th tch MARC so vi siu d liu

th tch MARC-XML v Dublin Core trong OPAC ca
Th vin H Khoa hc T nhin TP. HCM

Biu ghi th tch MARC ca nhan sch Tng quan khoa hc thng tin v th vin

Siu d liu th tch MARC-XML v Siu d liu th tch Dublin Core

(c ng gi bng ngn ng XML)

38