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Abstract This paper presents a study of FACTS devices The Vietnam power system is separated into three regions:
applications, in particularly choice of adequate shunt the Northern, the Southern and the Central regions. In 2015,
compensators (type of FACTS devices, location) in order to outside of existing lines, several new circuits of 500 kV
improve voltage and transient angle stability. The study is transmission lines will be constructed. In this period, the peak
carried out for the 500kV Southern Vietnam power system in load demands in Vietnam will be about 37500 MW. The risk
2015 with a high load scenario. The load flow calculation, P-V of voltage instability and transient angle stability is evident
curve analysis and transient stability study are examined by
due to the sizable length of the Southern-Northern
transmission lines (about 1500 km), the resulting considerable
using the PSS/E-30 software. The obtained results show that with
amount of power transmitted through these lines, the fast
the application of FACTS devices, voltage stability and transient
increase of load demands and the specific configuration of the
angle stability of this power system are considerably improved. Vietnam power system (500 kV system).
Keywords Voltage stability, Transient stability, reactive In order to improve voltage collapse on the Vietnam power
power allocation, FACTS, PSS/E system, FACTS device applications are studied by using
several indices for voltage collapse such as P-V curve analysis
I. INTRODUCTION and dynamic voltage stability analysis. In order to demonstrate
STAR
Base case
1.0
Corrector step in CPF method
0.9
0.8
NO 0.7
Complete PV
curve 0.6
YES 0.5
0.4
Optimal placement of FACTS device
0.3
0.2
2
The ability of the STATCOM to maintain full capacitive
output current at low system voltage also makes it more
effective than the SVC in improving the transient stability.
UT
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of a basic STATCOM
0.6
and the SVC are similar. Concerning the non-linear operating 0.3
range, the STATCOM is able to control its output current over 0.2
514.1kV 522.2kV
223.4kV 235.1kV
-171.6-j52.6
330+j99
225.3kV
114.9+j200.1 519.8kV
Di Linh
-458.5+j101.2
2079+j361
-886.5-j40 -473.5-j115.5 438.2+j305.1 511.0kV 747.6-j6.8
719+j171
516.0kV
Thanh My
416.8+j20.2 493.5kV 486.5kV
Son My
215.4kV 1245+j834.8 516.5kV
227.1kV 523.6kV 669.7+j241.2 2x(600+j149.1
1120+j375
163.6+j350.4
1241+j855 494.7kV
-31+j29.2
216.2kV
Song Buong 2,4
855+j592
498.9-j10
DakNong
509.3kV 27.3+j278.5 226.1kV
230.3kV 229.1kV
493.0kV
556.2+j232.4 Cau Bong 227.5kV
861+j730
1141+j520 3x(100+j100.0
641+j142.1
614.4+j32 Nha Be 6x(100+j153.8
212.7kV
Dong Nai 3,4,5 490.8kV
497.3kV 821.8+j839.8 508.7kV
Dak Tik 421.7+j86
1193+j793
384.1+j326.7
407.4+j44
My Phuoc
217.9kV Phu My
227.7kV
Duc Hoa 1213.1+j536.8
428.2+j117.8 Tra Vinh
124+j10.5
634.2+j274.6 1123.8+j171.4
992.4+j318
212.1kV 493.8kV
832.7+j440 502.5kV 516.8kV 230.8kV
1425+j1031
Soc Trang
190+j36
229.9kV 234.0kV
523.9kV
Thot Not 1605.6+j746
3
IV. IMPROVING VOLTAGE STABILITY In order to verify this choice, P-V curves are calculated with
Configurations of the 500 kV Vietnam power system in four shunt reactive power compensation devices placed at
2015 are used to analysis. This system consists of 114 buses 220kV buses of Cau Bong, Duc Hoa, Tan Dinh and Phu Lam.
(29 load busses and 85 generation buses), 82 500kV The SM for this application is increased to 1850MW (Fig. 8).
transmission lines and 71 500/220 kV transformers.
The purpose of this part is to find optimal placements of V. TRANSIENT STABILITY ASSESSMENT
shunt compensator for the 500kV Southern Vietnam power Transient stability assessment of the system with shunt
system with the high load scenario. compensation devices including SVC and STATCOM is
The result of load flow analysis of the 500kV Southern studied and compared in the Southern power system.
Vietnam power system is given in Fig. 6 with the peak load Program Power System Simulation Engineering (PSS/E) [9]
demands.
is employed for transient stability analysis with block diagram
The active and reactive load at all load buses in this power
of SVC (CSVGN1) and STATCOM (CSTCNT) in PSS/E
system is increased in step by step and the sources in this
library.
power system are mobilized to supply for these increase.
A three-phase fault is applied at near bus 500kV Tan Dinh
1.02
Bus Voltage (kV) and Di Linh-Tan Dinh line is tripped at 0.7sec after fault by
1.00 Stability area protection relays. Without FACTS installation, the power
0.98
SM=1550MW system is instable as shown as in Fig. 9.
0.96 All cases of simulation are carried out with the range for
0.94 the SVCs or STATCOMs from -300 MVAr to 300 MVAr.
0.92
These FACTS devices are placed at four indicated buses.
Instability area
CauBong
0.90 120
PhuLam
0.88
DucHoa
0.86 TanDinh SVC case
0.84
Fig. 7. PV curves of 4 selected load buses where voltages are the lowest
Based on the P-V curve analysis, the best location for shunt 0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
TIME (SECONDS)
reactive power compensation in order to improve the voltage
Fig. 9. Rotor angle at Tra Vinh machine with three phases fault
stability margin is chosen at buses where voltages are the
lowest. These buses correspond to the weakest buses of the 120
system. By introducing shunt compensation devices at these
buses, this permits to improve the voltage stability (or to
increase SM). Relative Angle (Degree)
1.04
Bus Voltage (kV)
1.02 Stability area
1.00
0.98 SM=1850MW
0.96
0.94 CauBong
STATCOM case
0.92 PhuLam
Instability area
0.90 DucHoa
0.86
Incremental transfer (x103MW) -180
0.84
0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 TIME (SECONDS)
Fig. 8. PV curves of 4 selected load buses where voltages are the lowest Fig. 10. Rotor angle at O Mon machine with three phases fault
4
5
120
STATCOM at Tan Dinh
VAR (pu)
STATCOM at Duc Hoa
-200 -5
Fig. 11. Rotor angle at Tra Vinh and OMon machines with three phases fault Fig. 14. VAR output of STATCOM (Sbase =100MVA).
(SVC and STATCOM cases)
1.1 Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show the angle variation of Tra Vinh and
O Mon machines with SVC or STACOM placed at 220kV
buses of Cau Bong, Duc Hoa, Tan Dinh and Phu Lam (the
same as the preceding part). It shows that the magnitude of
rotor angles variation of Tra Vinh machine (P=1000MW) and
STATCOM case O Mon machine (P=330MW) with SVC case is higher than in
Bus Voltage (pu)
-5 -200
-4
Fig. 15. Rotor angle at Tra Vinh machines and VAR output of STATCOM at
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 Tan Dinh with two case: (a) STATCOM: 300MVAr ; (b) STATCOM:
TIME (SECONDS)
200MVAr.
Fig. 13. VAR output of SVC (Sbase =100MVA).
5
The obtained results show that STATCOM application is The transient angle stability simulations have shown that
better in order to improve the transient angle stability and STATCOM gives a better solution to improve the stability in
voltage stability in comparison with SVC application. comparison with SVC devices.
In contrast, STATCOMs compensating current is not
dependent on the voltage level at the connection point which
means that the compensating current is not lowered when the VII. BIOGRAPHIES
voltage drops.
With STATCOM case, when the reactive power of Quyen LE CAO was born in Vietnam. He received his engineer degree and
his MSc degree in Electrical Engineering from the Ho Chi Minh city
STATCOM is reduced from 300 to 200MVAr, the obtained University of Technology in 1999 and 2005, respectively. He is now working
result shows that the power system is also stable (Fig. 15). toward a PhD degree in the Danang University. Since 2005 he has been
Whereas with SVC case, the reactive power support provided working as Deputy-in-Chief of Substation Design Department in the Power
by the SVC is increased from 300 to 450MVAr to keep Engineering Consulting Company - PECC4.
transient angle stability (Fig.16). Tuan TRAN-QUOC (M' 93, SM' 99) received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical
120 1.1 5 Engineering and Habilitation Diriger des Recherches degree from the
Grenoble - Institut National Polytechnique (Grenoble-INP) in 1993 and 2000,
respectively. He works now with IDEA. His research interests are in the fields
of power system analysis, operations, electromagnetic transients and load
management.
VIII. REFERENCES
[1] H. G. Sarmiento, G. Pampin, J. D. de Leon, FACTS solutions for
voltage stability problems in a large metropolitan area, 2004 IEEE/PES
Power Systems Conference and Exposition, vol. 1, pp. 275 282, Oct.
SVC: +450MVAr 2004.
[2] A. Sode-Yome, N. Mithulananthan, K.Y. Lee, Static Voltage Stability
-200 0 -5 Margin Enhancement Using STATCOM, TCSC and SSSC,
0 3.0 6.0 9.0 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition: Asia and
TIME (SECONDS) Pacific, 2005 IEEE/PES, pp.1-6, 2005.
Fig. 16. Rotor angle at Tra Vinh machines, VAR output of SVC at Tan Dinh [3] B. Gao, G.K. Morison, P. Kundur, "Voltage Stability Evaluation Using
and Voltage at 500kV Tan Dinh with three phases fault. Modal Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 7, no. 4, Nov.
. 1993.
[4] C. Caizares, F.L. Alvarado, "Point of Collapse and Continuation
The obtained results show that with the same reactive power Methods for Large AC/DC Systems," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems,
rating or lower, STATCOMs are more effective than SVCs for vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-8, Feb. 1993.
[5] V. Ajjarapu, C. Christy, "The Continuation Power Flow: A Tool for
a same situation.
Steady State Voltage Stability Analysis," IEEE PICA Conference
Procedings, pp. 304-311, May 1991.
VI. CONCLUSIONS [6] M. Noroozian, C.W. Taylor, Benefits of SVC and STATCOM for
electric utility application, Transmission and Distribution Conference
The P-V curve method for choosing optimal placement of and Exposition, IEEE PES, vol.3, pp.1192-1199, sept.2003
shunt compensation device have been used for this study. [7] T. Quoc Tuan, Ch. Praing, R. Feuillet, .C. Sabonnadire, U. La-Van, C.
One of the most important advantages of STATCOM in Nguyen-Duc, Improvement Of Voltage Stability On The Vietnam
Power System, Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting, vol.2,
comparison with SVC is that its compensating current is not pp.1513-1518, 2000
dependent on the voltage level at the connection point. This [8] T. Tran Quoc, J.C Sabonnadire, N. Hajdsaid, R. Feuillet, "Voltage/Var
means that the compensating current is not lower when the Control on the Vietnam Power System", 13th Power Systems
voltage drops. Computation Conference, Trondheim, NORWAY, June-July 1999
[9] PSS/ETM 30.2 online documentation, November 2005
The maximum compensating current of the SVC decreases [10] Narain G. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi Understanding FACTS: Concepts
linearly with the AC system voltage and the maximum VAR and Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems, Wiley-IEEE
output decreases with the square of the voltage. This implies Press, December 1999
[11] SONG Yong Hua, JOHNS Allan T., Flexible AC transmission systems
that for obtaining the same dynamic performance, a higher
(FACTS), IEE power engineering series 30
rating SVC is required in comparison with a STATCOM. [12] John J. Paserba, Planning and implementing FACTS controllers for
An application of FACTS devices for the 500kV Vietnam Improving Power System Dynamic Performance HVDC and FACTS
power system in 2015 was studied to improve voltage stability Subcommittee Meeting IEEE PES General Meeting, July 23, 2008
[13] John J. Paserba, How FACTS Controllers Benefit AC Transmission
and transient angle stability of this power system. Systems, IEEE. Power Engineering Society General Meting, Denver,
The obtained results show that with the application of Colorado, 6-10 June 2004
FACTS devices, voltage stability and transient angle stability
of this power system are considerably improved.