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UPSC has asked questions based on such terms which are always in news. Try to know about
types of Bio-fertilizers also.
First statement is correct but second and third is not. How and Why?
First of all, bio-fertilizers are not fertilizers, which directly increase soil fertility. Rather Bio-
fertilizers add nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing
phosphorus, and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting
substances.
There are various groups in which Bio-fertilizers are grouped like Free living, Symbiotic,
Phosphorous mobilizing, P Solubilizing etc
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria:
They form a mutually beneficial association with the plants. The bacteria obtain food and
shelter from plants. In return, they give a part of their fixed nitrogen to the plants. The most
important of the symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria is Rhizobium (pi Rhizobia). It forms
nodules on the roots of legume plants. There are about a dozen species of Rhizobium which
form association with different legume roots.
Free Living Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria:
They live freely in the soil and perform nitrogen fixation. Some of them are saprotrophic,
living on organic remains, e.g., Azoto- bacter, Bacillus polymyxa, Clostridium, Beijerinckia.
They are further distinguished into aerobic and anaerobic forms.
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a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) Only 1
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.7) Recently scientists made a historic detection of Gravitational Waves. The discovery
would represent a scientific landmark, opening the door to an entirely new way to
observe the cosmos and unlock secrets about the early universe and mysterious objects
like black holes and neutron stars. Consider the following w.r.t Gravitational Waves
1. Gravitational waves can be produced by Humans, Cars and Aeroplanes.
2. The strongest gravitational waves are produced by catastrophic events such as colliding
black holes, the collapse of supernovae and the remnants of gravitational radiation
created by the birth of the Universe itself.
The strongest gravitational waves are produced by catastrophic events such as colliding
black holes, the collapse of stellar cores (supernovae), coalescing neutron stars or white
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dwarf stars, the slightly wobbly rotation of neutron stars that are not perfect spheres, and
the remnants of gravitational radiation created by the birth of the Universe itself.
Any object with mass that accelerates (which in science means changes position at a
variable rate, and includes spinning and orbiting objects) produces gravitational waves,
including humans and cars and airplanes etc. But the gravitational waves made by us here
on Earth are much too small to detect. In fact, it isnt even remotely possible to build a
machine that can spin an object fast enough to produce a detectible gravitational wave
even the worlds strongest materials would fly apart at the rotation speeds such a machine
would require.
http://www.thehindu.com/specials/in-depth/gravitational-waves-
explained/article8224119.ece
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/listening-to-the-chirps-of-gravitational-
waves/article8233625.ece
http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/technology/internet/led-bulb-could-connect-you-to-
internet/article8253782.ece
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http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/switching-to-led-bulbs-could-save-you-more-
than-rs4000-a-year/article8447542.ece
Q.9) Generic Drugs have gain lot of attention in recent times due to Indo-US spate over
IPR and Drug regime. Consider the following statements, to gain FDA approval, a generic
drug must:
1. Contain the same active ingredients as the innovator drug
2. Be identical in strength, dosage form, and route of administration
3. Be bioequivalent
4. Meet the same batch requirements for identity, strength, purity, and quality
http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/even-doctors-feel-generic-drugs-are-
substandard/article8398116.ece
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/editorial-on-ban-on-generic-medicines-more-
medicine-for-less/article8528990.ece
Q.10) The process of nitrogen-fixation by bacteria does not take place in the presence of
a) Molecular form of hydrogen
b) Elemental form of oxygen
c) Water
d) Elemental form of nitrogen
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c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Q.14) Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe vomiting and diarrhoea among
infants and young children. Which of the following statements are correct about rotavirus:
1. It is the biggest cause of death of children under 5 years of age in India.
2. India has recently launched an indigenous vaccine for rotavirus called Rotavac.
3. Rotavac has been added in Indias Universal Immunisation Program.
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Q.17) Which of the following processes are exothermic i.e. they release energy?
1. Burning of coal
2. Respiration
3. Decomposition of vegetables to form compost
Q.18) If someone is suffering from the problem of acidity. What is the ideal thing he
should take to have relief?
a) Lemon juice
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b) Vinegar
c) Baking soda solution
d) Aerated soft drink
Q.20) Copper was the first metal to be used by mankind on a large scale. What was the
correct reason behind that?
a) Copper is less reactive and can be easily extracted from its ore.
b) Copper was the most abundant metal of the world.
c) Copper had higher conductivity than iron or aluminum.
d) Copper had religious significance.
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b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Q.22) Food cans are coated with tin and not with zinc because:
a) Zinc is costlier than tin.
b) Zinc has a higher melting point than tin.
c) Zinc is more reactive than tin.
d) Zinc is less reactive than tin.
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BCG, or bacille Calmette-Guerin, is a vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Many foreign-
born persons have been BCG-vaccinated. BCG is used in many countries with a high
prevalence of TB to prevent childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary disease. (*For
diarrhea Rotavirus vaccine)
DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three
infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The
vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the
organism that causes pertussis (wP).
There are two types of vaccine that protect against polio: inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
and oral polio vaccine (OPV). IPV is given as an injection in the leg or arm, depending on
the patient's age. Polio vaccine may be given at the same time as other vaccines.
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Clarification: There are some non-egg laying animals which are not mammals (hence
statement 4 is wrong)
In other words there are few fishes, few snakes and few other animals that give live births
without eggs. For example, king snakes or the rat snakes are cold blooded animals and they
dont lay egg. So we cant consider the statement All non-egg laying animals are mammals
as correct.
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Q.30) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
LIST I LIST II
A. Dawn 1) Pluto
B. New Horizon 2) Ceres
C. Philae Lander 3) Binary Star
D. Cassini 4) Saturn
E. Nustar 5) comet 67P
a) A-B-C-D-E
a) 1-2-5-4-3
b) 2-1-5-3-4
c) 2-1-5-4-3
d) 1-4-5-2-3
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currently in orbit about its second target, the dwarf planet Ceres. NASAs New Horizons
mission is helping us understand worlds at the edge of our solar system by making the
first reconnaissance of the dwarf planet Pluto and by venturing deeper into the distant,
mysterious Kuiper Belt a relic of solar system formation.
Philae is a robotic European Space Agency lander that accompanied the Rosetta
spacecraft until it landed on comet 67P/ChuryumovGerasimenko, more than ten years
after departing Earth.
Philae's mission was to land successfully on the surface of a comet, attach itself, and
transmit data about the comet's composition.
Cassini is an unmanned spacecraft sent to the planet Saturn. It is a flagship-class NASA
ESAASI robotic spacecraft
NASAs Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, has successfully deployed its
lengthy mast, giving it the ability to see the highest energy X-rays in our universe, a step
closer in the hunt for black holes.
Dr. Bhaleraos team observed the binary star (binary star a pair of stars revolving around
each other) using a space x-ray telescope known as NuStar, a NASA space mission. It is the
first x-ray space telescope that can focus on very high energy x-rays.
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Q.33) Which one among the following statements correctly defines the term Bio-
fortification?
a) Enrichment of the nutrient quality of the soil using biological agents
b) Breeding crops to increase their nutritional values
c) Increase of organo-metallic compounds in the organism through energy flow in an
ecosystem
d) Adoption of genetic variable plants for breeding of high yielding varieties
Q.34) 3G and 4G are wireless technologies, which are supposedly faster, more secure and
reliable. Present day 3G technology is capable of handling data around 2 Megabits per
second (1.8 - 2.5 GHz frequency band). What speed is expected from new 4G technology?
a) 10-30 Megabits per second (1-5 GHz frequency band)
b) 10-100 Megabits per second (2-10 GHz frequency band)
c) 100 Megabits - 1 Gigabit per second (2-8 GHz frequency band)
d) More than 10 Gigabits per second (10-20 GHz frequency band)
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Q.36) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
List I List II
A. Vitamin A 1.Non-clotting of blood
B. Vitamin B 2.Rickets
C. Vitamin C 3.Beriberi
D. Vitamin D 4.Colour Blindness
E. Vitamin K 5.Scurvy
A-B-C-D-E
a) 4-3-5-2-1
b) 4-1-5-2-3
c) 4-1-5-3-2
d) 2-1-5-4-3
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Doubts: baba ji vitamin A causes night blindness not colour blindness because colour
blindness is a sex linked trait.
Colour Blindness is genetic..... Yeah, I think it was a typo, and they meant to write Night
Blindness
Clarification:
What causes colour blindness?
The vast majority of colour vision problems are inherited (genetic) and are present at birth.
However, other much less common causes include shaken baby syndrome, accidents and
other trauma which may cause swelling of the brain in the occipital lobe, as well as damage
to the retina caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Sometimes, colour blindness caused by
damage to the areas of the brain where vision processing takes place doesnt become
apparent until later in life.
Further causes of colour blindness are a deficiency of vitamin A and degenerative diseases
of the eye macular degeneration, glaucoma, and retinal damage from diabetes as well as
cataracts.
Refer: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1604036/?page=1
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Doubt- Hi sir, wrt Q2. i think the question statement was inadequate. the statement in book
"the following observations helps us to determine whether a chemical reaction has taken
place" is reference to a particular experiment carried out in the book. This however cannot
be generalized as "observations leads to a chemical reaction?". clearly transformation of ice
to water involves change in state without any chemical reaction.
Clarification: Question says leads to chemical reaction. And just because transformation
of ice to water doesnt involve any chemical change it doesnt mean its wrong
Always focus on general interpretation without going deep. Unless it is governed by words
like Only, Always etc
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical
substances to another.
Change in State
Solid melts to liquid or vaporizes to gas. Change in state as well as formation of different
chemical compounds. Remember displacement or synthesis reactions. Refer the below
reaction
Mg (solid) + 2HCl (aqueous) MgCl2 (aqueous) + H2 (gas)
Change in Temperature
Recall about exothermic and endothermic change that brings about chemical reaction or
change
Change in Color
Majority of organometallic compounds and basic chemistry tests are based on identification
of change in color. Remember doing experiment of Copper Sulphate in school
Evolution of Gas
Obviously it is. Remember decomposition reaction
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d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
Doubt- --corrosion, combustion and rancidity are common examples of redox reactions
from everyday life..free radicals are involved in rancidity.. so redox..
Clarification:
Redox reactions are not always governed by free radicals or ions. A simple oxidation and
reduction taking place simultaneously is also a Redox reaction.
Keep in mind that this question doesnt require you to go deep and dig into free radical
concepts
Think like this!
Conclusion: Since there was no specification given in the question, both the arguments as
asked in the doubt and as explained here holds true. So the best choice should be (d)
More in brief
The reduction and oxidation reaction or redox reaction is a chemical reaction during which
the oxidation state of two or more of the reactants change. Oxidation reaction is not only
about just combining with oxygen. Most redox reactions do not even involve oxygen at all.
Oxidation in the context of a redox reaction refers to the oxidation state of an atom being
increased.
Conversely reduction refers to oxidation state of an atom being reduced.
Many chemical reactions do not involve any change in oxidation state.
For example when we react aqueous solutions of copper (II) sulphate and sodium hydroxide
to form copper (II) hydroxide which precipitates and a solution of sodium sulphate forms
and there are no changes in oxidation state.
Oxidation is the process of addition of oxygen or any electronegative radical or removal of
hydrogen or electropositive radical. Its a process in which an atom or a group of atoms
taking part in a chemical reaction loses one or more electrons.
The species which undergo the loss of electron during the reaction is called as reducing
agent or reductant.
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An oxidation reaction is always couple with reduction reaction which refers as addition of
electron to the reaction species (Oxidant or oxidising agent).
These coupled reactions are known as redox reaction.
We can observe many oxidation reactions in our daily life like corrosion of metal, rancidity
and combustion.
Combustion: it is the most common example of oxidation reaction.
Combustion or burning of any material involves oxidation reaction coupled with reduction.
The complete combustion of substance generally released carbon dioxide and water.
For example the burning of wood released a large amount of energy with carbon dioxide
and water vapour.
That energy uses for heating home, drive automobile, operate industrial processes and
much other purpose.
Corrosion: You must have seen the rusting of your car and the burning of magnesium metal
in oxygen to form magnesium oxide in your daily life are also an oxidation reaction.
Similarly rusted iron sheets or green surface of copper utensils and tableware or tarnish
surface of aluminium surfaces are also due to oxidation of metal surface.
Most of metal surfaces oxidised due to atmospheric oxygen and forms metal oxides on the
surface of metal.
For example; corrosion of iron forms iron oxide which is also called as rust.
4Fe +3O2 ==> 2Fe2O3
Rancidity: Oxidation reactions are also responsible for the spoiling of food.
Oxidation-reduction reactions also fuel the most advanced form of transportation known
today, the space shuttle. The actual orbiter vehicle is relatively small compared to its
external power apparatus, which consists of two solid rocket boosters on either side, along
with an external fuel tank.
Inside the solid rocket boosters are ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4) and powdered
aluminium, which undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction that gives the shuttle enormous
amounts of extra thrust. As for the larger single external fuel tank, this contains the gases
that power the rocket: hydrogen and oxygen.
Because these two are extremely explosive, they must be kept in separate compartments.
When they react, they form water, of course, but in doing so, they also release vast
quantities of energy. The chemical equation for this is: 2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O + energy.
On January 28, 1986, something went terribly wrong with this arrangement on the space
shuttle Challenger. Cold weather had fatigued the O-rings that sealed the hydrogen and
oxygen compartments, and the gases fed straight into the flames behind the shuttle itself.
This produced a powerful and uncontrolled oxidation-reduction reaction, an explosion that
took the lives of all seven astronauts aboard the shuttle.
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Photosynthesis involves the reduction of carbon dioxide into sugars and the oxidation of
water into molecular oxygen.
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Q.44). Recently NASAs new horizon had sent close-up images of Pluto. Consider following
statements about New Horizons
1. New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's
New Frontiers program
2. A space probe is a robotic spacecraft that leaves Earth orbit and explores space.
3. Space environment around Pluto and its moons has a lot of dust.
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Q.46) Mentha also known as mint is a very beneficial crop for farmers in India. Consider
the statements regarding crop Mentha
1. India is a net importer of mentha
2. It is included in Minimum Support Price (MSP)
3. Menthol is obtained from plant mentha
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http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/csir-wants-farmers-to-consider-
alternatives/article8669484.ece
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Period of revolution of a satellite depends upon the height of satellite from the surface
of earth. Greater the height more will be the period of revolution.
However, period of revolution of a satellite is independent of its mass.
The period of revolution of satellite revolving near the surface of earth is 1 hour 24
minute (84 minute)
Clarification:
Q.49) Consider the following statements and select the incorrect statement/s from the
codes given below:
1. The addition of detergent or soap decreases the viscosity of water and thus increases
the cleaning ability
2. If a clean and dry needle is kept slowly on the surface of water, it floats due to surface
tension of water
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If a clean and dry needle is kept slowly on the surface of water, it floats due to surface
tension of water
The addition of detergent or soap decreases the surface tension of water and thus
increases the cleaning ability
Surface Tension is the property of a liquid by virtue of which it has the tendency to have
the area of its free surface minimum as if it were under tension like a stretched elastic
membrane
A liquid drop attains spherical shape due to surface tension as for given volume, sphere
has minimum surface area
Q.51) Which among the following waves are examples of Electromagnetic waves?
1) X-rays
2) -rays
3) -rays
4) -rays
5) Ultrasonic wave
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b) 1 and 2 only
c) 1 and 5 only
d) 1, 2 and 5 only
Q.52) Consider the following statements in regard to Indias 3-stage Nuclear Power
Programme:
1) The first stage Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) use natural uranium as fuel
and heavy water as moderator and coolant
2) The second stage Fast Breeder Reactors (FBRs) use plutonium (which is produced by
irradiation of uranium-238) and liquid sodium as coolant
3) The third stage is based on the thorium-uranium-233 cycle. Uranium-233 is obtained by
irradiation of thorium.
Q.53) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
LIST I LIST II
A. Anupam-Ameya 1. BARC
B. PARAM Yuva 2. ISRO
C. SAGA 3. C-DAC
D. Vikram-100 4. Physical Research Laboratory
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A-B-C-D
a) 1-2-3-4
b) 1-3-2-4
c) 4-2-3-1
d) 4-3-2-1
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Q.55) Which among the following statements is/are true in regard to DNA and RNA?
1) Sugar is deoxyribose type in DNA, whereas sugar is just ribose type in RNA
2) DNA is double stranded structure, whereas RNA is single stranded structure
3) DNA is found in both nucleus and cytoplasm, RNA is found only in nucleus
Q.57) Consider the following statements with regard to Atomic Energy Regulatory Board
(AERB)
1) AERB is engaged in the development of nuclear power technology, applications of
radiation technologies in the fields of agriculture, medicine, industry, and basic research.
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2) The safety standards formulated by AERB are at par with those recommended by the
international organisations such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and
the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP).
Q.58) A fuel cell is a device that generates electricity by a chemical reaction. Consider the
following
1. Molten carbonate fuel cells
2. Phosphoric Acid fuel cells
3. Hydrogen fuel cells
4. Solid oxide fuel cells
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Q.60) Digital convergence refers to the convergence of four industries into one
conglomerate. Identify those four industries?
1. Media
2. Consumer Electronics
3. Information Technology
4. Telecommunication
5. Entertainment
6. Cognitive Science
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Digital convergence refers to the convergence of four industries into one conglomerate,
ITTCE (Information Technologies, Telecommunication, Consumer Electronics, and
Entertainment).
Q.61) Consider the following about totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent cells:
1. The correct order from most differentiated to least differentiated is
pluripotent>multipotent>totipotent
2. Embryonic stem cells are considered pluripotent cells
3. Multipotent cells are more limited than pluripotent cells
Q.62) Since the advent of the antibiotic superdrug in the 1940s, a new villain, the
superbug has emerged and has been making national and international headlines over
the past two decades. Consider the following
1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
2. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB)
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3. Drug-resistant Enterococcus
4. Drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
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At noon, the sun is overhead and the light coming from the sun travels a relatively shorter
distance through the atmosphere to reach the earth. In this case the blue light is not
sacttered much. As the light coming from the overhead sun contains almost all its
component colours in the right proportion, the sun appears white to us at noon.
NCERT- NCERT- class 10th
Q.65) Consider the following regarding The Natural Resources Data Management System
(NRDMS) Programme
1. It was launched with the objectives of developing and demonstrating scientific methods
and techniques for national level planning
2. Ministry of Environment and Forest is the nodal agency to govern its function and
proper execution
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different medium, the speed of the travelling light ray keeps varying, and this causes it to
slow down or speed up, therefore bending in the process.
So how this refraction of light is connected to our advanced sunrise and delayed sunset?
Imagine the journey of light rays from the sun. Their initial journey is through vacuum and
then through the atmosphere of the earth and then it is finally seen by us. In this case,
vacuum will be a rare medium and the earths atmosphere with all its temperature changes,
winds, different gases, will be a denser medium in comparison.
During sunrise, when the sun is just below the horizon, our atmosphere causes the light rays
to bend and we see the sun early. Similarly, at sunset, the apparent position of the sun is
visible to us and not the actual position due to the same bending of light rays effect.
To sum up, due to refraction we see the sun rise about two minutes before its actually
there and during sunset we see it for around two minutes more, even though it has already
moved from that position.
Q.67) Acid attacks are one of the most gruesome kind of acts causing not only physical
harm to the victim but psychological and emotional harm as well. Which of the following
steps should be taken to reduce the effect of acid on the skin?
1. Burnt area should be washed with clean water or slightly saline water.
2. Burnt are should be washed with milk. Milk is basic and neutralizes acid.
3. Burnt area should be washed with a strong base to quickly neutralize it so that it does
not react further.
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Q.69) Which of the following forces are not the example of contact forces?
1. Friction force
2. Electrostatic force
3. Magnetic force
4. Gravitational force
5. Air resistance force
Q.70) Pole star is amongst the most useful stars for humans because of its fixed location in
the sky. Consider the following statements with respect to pole star:
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1. Pole star is helpful in finding the north direction in night and helped in navigation in
ancient times.
2. Pole star can be pointed with the help of Ursa Major constellation.
3. Pole star is not visible in the Southern Hemisphere.
Q.71) In cricket, the bowlers are now mastering the art of reverse swinging the ball. This
helps them to take the pitch out of the equation, and move the ball in the air. Which of
the following statements are correct about reverse swing?
1. For reverse swing to happen the ball needs to be rough on one side and shiny on the
other.
2. The ball moves towards the shining side.
3. Due to friction, the air pressure on the rough side is less and shiny side is more.
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Q.73) Steam burns are more severe than the burns caused by boiling water because:
a) The temperature of steam is higher than the boiling water.
b) Steam contains latent heat.
c) Steam hits the body with a pressure while water does not.
d) The given statement is false.
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Q.75) When cool air flows from a high mountain region to a region of lower elevation, the
air will
a) increase in moisture content
b) condense, forming large amounts of dew
c) undergo adiabatic warming
d) undergo adiabatic cooling
Q.76) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
List I List II
A-B-C-D
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a) 1-4-3-2
b) 1-4-2-3
c) 2-1-4-3
d) 2-1-3-4
Q.77) IASbabaji is hiking up Mt. Everest, and recently reached the base camp at 12,000
feet. While there, babaji decides to make some tea, and puts a thermometer in the boiling
water. To his surprise, the thermometer tells him the water is boiling at 96 C. Why is this
happening?
a) Babaji was surprised to watch water boiling more quickly.
b) The pressure is lower at higher elevations, and results in a lower boiling temperature.
c) The number of solutes in the air is higher at higher elevations, resulting in boiling point
depression.
d) Babaji is suffering from oxygen deprivation, and is reading the thermometer incorrectly.
Q.78) Polarized sunglasses are used to cut glare from sunlight reflected at a glancing angle
off cars, water, and other surfaces. Such sunglasses are a practical application of which of
the following physical principles?
a) Brewster's law
b) Lenz's law
c) Coulomb's law
d) Snell's law
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Which of the above phenomenon (in liquid medium) will increase with the increase in
Temperature?
a) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
b) 1, 4 and 5
c) 1, 3, 4 and 5
d) 2, 4 and 5
Le Chatelier's principle allows better conceptualization of these trends. First, note that the
process of dissolving gas in liquid is usually exothermic. As such, increasing temperatures
result in stress on the product side (because heat is on the product side). In turn, Le
Chatelier's principle predicts that the system shifts towards the reactant side in order to
alleviate this new stress. Consequently, the equilibrium concentration of the gas particles in
gaseous phase increases, resulting in lowered solubility.
Conversely, decreasing temperatures result in stress on the reactant side (because heat is
on the product side). In turn, Le Chtelier's principle predicts that the system shifts toward
the product side in order to compensate for this new stress. Consequently, the equilibrium
concentration of the gas particles in gaseous phase would decrease, resulting in greater
solubility.
Q.80) Recently scientists have found a way to lock CO2 by turning it into harmless rock.
Which of the following statements are correct about this process?
a) The CO2 is injected into volcanic bedrock where it will react to form carbonate rocks.
b) CO2 is captured and solidified. This solid CO2 is then compressed to give it permanent
form.
c) CO2 is reacted with amorphous calcium to form calcium carbonate.
d) Carbon di oxide is captured and stored in Ocean trench where it gets solidified due to
high pressure.
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Geoengineers have long explored the possibility of sealing CO2 gas in voids underground,
such as in abandoned oil and gas reservoirs, but these are susceptible to leakage. So
attention has now turned to the mineralisation of carbon to permanently dispose of CO2.
Q.81) Touch screens now have become an important component of many electronic
devices like mobiles, ATM machines, laptops etc. Consider the following statements
regarding touch screens:
1. Commonly there are two types of touch screens- resistive and capacitive.
2. Capacitive touch screens are multilayered with inner most and outer most layers
behaving as a conductor.
3. Resistive screens can detect more than one touch at once at different spots.
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Q.82) Recently Zika virus caused a havoc in South American and central American
countries. Few cases have also been registered in USA. Which of the following statements
are correct about Zika virus?
1. It is disease caused by virus from infected Aedes mosquito.
2. Zika virus can be sexually transmitted.
3. Virus can pass through the fetus of a pregnant woman and can infect the brain cells of
the fetus.
4. The symptoms are similar to other arbovirus infections such as dengue, and include
fever, skin rashes, conjunctivitis, muscle and joint pain, malaise, and headache.
Sexual transmission of Zika virus has been documented in several different countries. To
reduce the risk of sexual transmission and potential pregnancy complications related to Zika
virus infection, the sexual partners of pregnant women, living in or returning from areas
where local transmission of Zika virus occurs should practice safer sex (including using
condoms) or abstain from sexual activity throughout the pregnancy.
Q.83) A two foot long but discovered in China has been declared as the worlds longest
insect. Which of the following species does this bug belongs to?
a) A Mantis
b) A Stick Insect
c) A centipede
d) A titan beetle
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Q.85) Hepatitis is the medical term for inflammation of the liver. Consider the following
regarding this
1. There are five types of viruses responsible for Hepatitis
2. Intake of toxic substances, alcohol and certain drugs are some of the causes of Hepatitis
3. Hepatitis B is transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen, and other body
fluids.
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b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
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Q.90) TERAHERTZ imaging has recently attracted attention for its ability to see through
everyday objects. It exists between
a) Microwave and Radio waves wavelengths
b) Radio waves and Infrared wavelengths
c) Microwaves and Infrared wavelengths
d) Infrared and Visible wavelengths
Q.91) There is a decline in the population of pollinators as per recent research and
findings. What could be the possible reasons for this?
1. Use of pathogens
2. Use of street lights
3. Air pollution
4. Misuse of pesticides
5. Change in seasonal behaviour due to global warming
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b) 1, 3, 4 and 5
c) 1, 3 and 4
d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Q.93) 3D Printing has gained lot of attention in recent times. Consider the following
statements regarding 3D Printing
1. 3D printing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from anything
2. It is also known as Additive Manufacturing (AM)
3. 3D printing can create in a wide range of materials that include thermoplastics,
thermoplastic composites, pure metals, metal alloys, ceramics and various forms of
food.
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Q.94) Pick the odd one out in regard to its stem type:
a) Bamboo
b) Sugar cane
c) Banana
d) Mango
Q.95) Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
List I List II
A. Magnetic Flux 1. Tesla
B. Magnetic Induction 2. Candela
C. Luminous intensity 3. Coulomb
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A-B-C-D-E
a) 4-3-5-2-1
b) 4-1-2-3-5
c) 1-4-2-3-5
d) 1-4-2-5-3
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4) Dolphins have hooked or curved dorsal fin (the one in the middle of the animal's back),
while the porpoises have triangular dorsal fin.
Q.98) The use of nanobots in healthcare, a fictional theory, is a reality now. Consider the
following statements:
1. Nanobots are tiny robots that can be directly injected in the blood stream and act like
white blood cells and destroy bacteria and other pathogen.
2. Nanobots will have their own sensors and propulsion system.
3. They can be used to deliver targeted medicine with minimum side effect.
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Q.99) C. V. Raman, was the first Indian Scientist to receive a Nobel Price. He published his
theory on the Raman Effect in 1928. Raman Effect is associated with which of the
following?
a) Scattering of light
b) Total internal reflection
c) Atomic structure
d) Semi-conductors
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wavelengths different from that of the incident light; its presence is a result of the Raman
Effect.
Q.101) Early Career Research Award scheme aims to provide quick research support to
the young researchers who are in their early career for pursuing exciting and innovative
research in frontier areas of science and engineering. Consider the following statements
regarding this scheme:
1. The research grant is 50 Lakhs, including overhead charges for travelling, manpower,
research equipment etc.
2. The award is given in three installments for three years.
3. The award is only for Indian citizens.
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The Early Career Research for the purpose of the program refers to the first assignment
of the applicant in a regular capacity in a recognized academic institution or national
laboratory or any other recognized R & D institution in India.
The Early Career Research Award is a one-time award and carries a research grant up to
Rs. 50 Lakhs (excluding overheads) for a period of three years.
The research grant covers equipment, manpower, consumables, manpower, travel and
contingency apart from overheads.
Eligibility :
The applicant should be an Indian citizen.
The applicant should hold Ph.D. degree in Science or Engineering or M.D or M.S degree
in any area of medicine.
The scheme encourages young researchers at the start of their independent research
careers. The applicant, therefore, must hold a regular academic/research position in a
recognized academic institution/ or national laboratories or any other recognized R&D
institutions and must apply not later than the first two years of their regular service.
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Q.105) Twinkle Twinkle little star. Consider the following statements regarding
twinkling of stars:
1. The scientific name for the twinkling of stars is stellar scintillation.
2. It is because of hot and cold cycles of the stars where it shines bright and low
alternately. Although it takes millions of years for the cycles to complete on stars, it
takes fraction of a second on earth to appear.
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Q.106) Which of the following statements are correct about the phenomenon of Total
Internal Reflection (TIR)?
1. It is more efficient than normal reflection as light energy is not wasted by absorption at
the interface.
2. Optical fibers are based on the principle of Total Internal Reflection.
3. The depth of the bottom under water appears relatively shallow than it actually is,
because of TIR.
Q.107) Tywin Lanister wanted to reshape the Valyrian steel sword of Eddard Stark. He
started heating the sword in the furnace. As it was heated, the sword started glowing in
different colours. At what colour do you think the temperature of the sword was
maximum?
a) Red
b) Blue
c) Orange
d) Yellow
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Q.109) Indian Navy has successfully inducted Varunastra a heavy weight anti-submarine
Torpedo. Which of the following statements are correct about Varunastra?
1. It has been jointly developed by India and Israel.
2. It is capable of targeting stealthy and quiet submarines, both in deep and littoral waters
in intense counter-measure environment.
3. It has a GPS-based locating aid.
4. it is capable of carrying Nuclear Warhead
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Q.111) The rain bearing thick clouds are black/grey. What reason can be attributed to
this?
a) They have a lot of dust particles and other impurities which gives them dark colour.
b) Sunlight is unable to penetrate these clouds. It is either scattered or absorbed. Hence
they appear dark to an observer on earth.
c) Lightning burns the cloud to give them dark colour.
d) A cloud absorb large quantities of NOx and SOx which are acidic in nature and gives the
cloud their dark colour.
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Most clouds appear white because sunlight reflects off the water droplets. If the clouds are
thick, the droplets scatter or absorb the light and less solar radiation can travel through
them. This is why storm clouds are dark black or gray.
Q.112) In a bollywood movie, hero was chased by a villain. Villain shot him. The bullet hit
the hero and got stuck in the body. After looking at the wound, the doctor said because
the bullet got stuck in the body, it has spread the poison.
What does this spreading of poison by bullet mean?
a) The bullet tips are poisoned to kill the target. When this poison touches the body it is
spread quickly.
b) When the bullet is stuck in the body, the high kinetic energy of bullet gets converted
into heat energy. Because of the generation of this immense heat, the surrounding area
gets burnt.
c) The bullets are usually made of lead. When they get stuck in the body they cause lead
poisoning.
d) Bullets have a tendency to react with blood. When they get stuck, they get more time to
react and cause poisoning in the blood stream.
Q.114) Light pollution, also known as photopollution, has emerged as a new menace for
the environment. Which of the following statements are correct about it?
1. Excessive brightening of the night sky by street lights and other man made sources is
called light pollution.
2. Artificial lights overpower the darkness and affect the natural day-night pattern putting
pressure on biological process of plants and animals.
3. It obstructs the vision of night sky.
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Juno will be the second spacecraft to orbit Jupiter, following the Galileo probe which orbited
from 19952003.
Q.116) The National Green Tribunal issued notices to Union Health, environment and
water resource ministries seeking ban on the use of microplastics. Which of the following
statements regarding microplastics are correct?
1. It is used to describe plastic particles with the upper size limit of 5 micro meters.
2. It is widely used in cosmetics as exfoliating agents and in personal care products such as
toothpastes, facewash etc.
3. They are small enough to flow through sewer systems and end up in seas and oceans.
4. They are highly non-biodegradable.
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c) 1,3 and 4
d) All of the above
Q.118) Which of the following is the correct order for air passing through the lungs?
a) trachea, alveoli, bronchi, bronchioles
b) bronchus, alveoli, trachea, bronchioles
c) trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli
d) bronchus, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli
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Q.119) Light waves are composed of both electric and magnetic field is proposed by
a) Newtons corpuscular theory
b) Huygen's wave theory
c) Maxwell's theory of light
d) Planks theory of light
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Maxwell further concluded that light propagated in electric and magnetic waves, which
he believed would vibrate perpendicular to one another.
Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light propagation eventually paved the way for a
number of major technological innovations.
The first and possibly most significant of these occurred in 1888, when Heinrich Hertz
used Maxwell's theory to create instruments capable of sending and receiving radio
pulses.
This discovery, contributed to the creation of the television and the microwave and
without Maxwell's tireless efforts, many of the modern conveniences upon which
society has come to depend would not exist.
Q.120) Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below
the Lists:
List - I List - II
A) centrifugal force 1) Along the axis of rotation
B) Centripetal force 2) Towards the centre of rotation
C) Tangential force 3) Away from centre of rotation
D) Angular velocity 4) changes the angular velocity
Q.121) A stone is thrown straight upward and at the top of its trajectory its velocity is
momentarily zero.
What is its acceleration at this point?
a) Unable to determine
b) Zero
c) 9.8 m/s2 down
d) 9.8 m/s2 up
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Basic Concepts: The gravitational acceleration near the surface of the earth is considered
constant, for all practical purposes. This acceleration of 9.8 m/s2 is pointing downward.
Solution: To illustrate how it works, lets take, for example, an upward initial velocity of
9.8 m/s. One second later the velocity will be zero. One second after that it will be at
9.8 m/s. In other words, in each second the velocity is decreased by 9.8 m/s.
Q.123) Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below
the Lists:
List I List II
A) Static friction 1) Constant for a given pair of surfaces
B) Limiting friction 2) lndependent of area of contact
C) Kinetic friction 3) SeIf adjusting
D) Rolling friction 4) Has the least magnitude for a given normal reaction
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a) 4-2-4-3
b) 4-1-3-2
c) 2-3-1-4
d) 3-1-2-4
Q.124) India has set a new record by injecting 20 satellites in one launch using PSLVC34
rocket. Which of the following countries have sent their satellites in this launch apart from
India?
1. US
2. Canada
3. Germany
4. France
5. Indonesia
Q.125) Consider a battleship simultaneously firing two shells (with the same muzzle
velocity) at two enemy ships A and B, as shown in figure below:
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If the shells follow the parabolic trajectories shown in the figure, which ship gets hit first?
a) A
b) B
c) both at the same time
d) need more information
So the smaller is h, the smaller is ttrip. In other words, B should get hit first.
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Q.127) Which of the following statements correctly describe the famous Gravitational
Lensing Effect given by Einstein?
1. Light coming from one object will bend due the presence of mass between the object
and the observer.
2. The effect is observed in space where light is bent under the influence of the mass of
galaxies and dark matter.
Q.128) Car- to- Car communication is a new technology being developed to reduce car
accidents. Consider the following statements regarding Car-to-car communication:
1. Cars will have small radars to judge the speed of vehicles around them and manoeuvre
accordingly.
2. This technique will only work in automatic driving when, driver is not steering the car
and car is on auto pilot mode.
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picture of whats unfolding around them, revealing trouble that even the most careful and
alert driver, or the best sensor system, would miss or fail to anticipate.
Already many cars have instruments that use radar or ultrasound to detect obstacles or
vehicles. But the range of these sensors is limited to a few car lengths, and they cannot see
past the nearest obstruction.
Car-to-car communication should also have a bigger impact than the advanced vehicle
automation technologies that have been more widely heralded. Though self-driving cars
could eventually improve safety, they remain imperfect and unproven, with sensors and
software too easily bamboozled by poor weather, unexpected obstacles or circumstances,
or complex city driving. Simply networking cars together wirelessly is likely to have a far
bigger and more immediate effect on road safety.
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Q.133 During Ice skating, the skater increases his rotation speed by pulling in his arms. The
speed increases because of-
a) Conservation of angular momentum
b) Decrease in resistance from the air
c) Shifting of the centre of mass
d) Shifting of the centre of gravity
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The ballerina by pulling in his arms decreases the radius of rotation. This in turn reduces the
moment of inertia. To conserve angular momentum, if the radius is decreased the angular
velocity increases.
Q.134) The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the launch of the National
Supercomputing Mission. This is a visionary program to enable India to leapfrog to the
league of world class computing power nations. Which of the following statements are
correct about National Supercomputing Mission?
1. The Mission would be implemented and steered jointly by the Department of Science
and Technology (DST) and Department of Electronics and Information Technology
(DeitY).
2. The mission aims at developing the fastest supercomputer of the world in India.
3. The Mission envisages empowering our national academic and R&D institutions spread
over the country by installing a vast supercomputing grid.
4. The Mission also includes development of highly professional High Performance
Computing (HPC) aware human resource for meeting challenges of development of
these applications.
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c) Phagocytes
d) B-cells
Q.138) Green plants in the sea are useful for the respiration of fish because
a) They give out oxygen
b) They give out carbon dioxide
c) The give out oxygen and carbon dioxide simultaneously
d) They take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide
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If the same force is applied to the wire of steel and rubber thread, which are of equal
length and cross-section area, we will find that the extension in the rubber thread is
much greater than extension in steel wire. Therefore, for a given stress, the strain
produced in steel is much smaller than that produced in the rubber. This implies that
Youngs modulus for steel is greater than that for rubber. Therefore, steel is more elastic
than rubber.
And also physics defines elasticity as "resistance to change". The greater the resistance
to change, the greater is the elasticity of the material and the faster it comes back to its
original shape or configuration when the deforming force is removed. By this definition,
steel is more elastic than rubber because steel comes back to its original shape faster
than rubber when the deforming forces are removed.
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c) sexual reproduction
d) asexual reproduction
*Note: Answer to this question was given wrong and is now corrected.
Explanation:
Hydras are a type of freshwater cnidarian related to jellyfish, sea anemones and corals.
Hydras reproduce asexually by developing small, genetically identical polyps that
protrude from the parent. These polyps break off from the parent to form a new
organism in a process called "budding."
i.e. Hydras generally reproduce asexually. They do this through budding.
If the environmental conditions get bad enough, they are likely to switch to sexual
reproduction, which increases the genetic variation in the population.
Since, the question asks for the method by which the offspring are produced with
significant variations the correct answer is through sexual reproduction (option c)
Asexual reproduction produces very closely resembling offspring. Asexual reproduction
thus results in offspring with minor variations. Sexually reproducing organisms produce
offspring with marked, significant and visible variations.
Q.143) Among the following organisms list out the asexually reproducing organisms:
1) Paramoecium
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2) Euglena
3) Earthworm
4) Bird
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Q.145) Which among the following regulates and controls the amount of light entering the
eye?
a) pupil
b) retina
c) lens
d) iris
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a) Only 1
b) 1 and 2
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
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Q.155) The earth and the moon are about the same distance from the sun, yet on the
average the earth is much warmer than the moon. Why?
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Both the light waves and radio waves are electromagnetic radiations and move with same
velocity.
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Q.163) Cholesterols provide strengths and flexibility to cell membranes. Consider the
following w.r.t Cholesterols
1. They are highly soluble in water
2. They are subclass of lipids known as steroids
3. It is an important precursor molecule for the synthesis of Vitamin D
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Q.157) Coke is one of the materials of the charge added to blast furnace for the
production of steel/iron. Its function is to
1. Act as a reducing agent.
2. Function as fuel, to supply heat.
3. Act as an oxidizing agent.
Of these statements
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) None
d) All are correct
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Q.160) Consider the following statements with respect to Transformative Carbon Asset
Facility (TCAP)
1. It is launched by United Nations Environment Programme
2. It will help developing countries pay for emission reductions and combat climate change
3. Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland are part of TCAP
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Announced by Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland - have jointly pledged an initial
250 million dollars investment.
http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/11/30/new-500-million-
initiative-to-boost-large-scale-climate-action-in-developing-countries
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Q.163) Consider the following statements with respect to Google Street View?
1. It provides panoramic views from positions along many streets across the world
2. It uses image stitching technology
3. India denied permission for the service citing security issues
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Q.165) India will be getting its first High Speed Train from a Spanish Company called
Taglo. The company is globally known for faster and lighter trains. Consider the following
statements:
1. The train will be tested on Delhi-Mumbai Railway line.
2. It can be run at a speed of around 300 km/hr without any significant upgrade of railway
tracks.
3. Currently the fastest train of India is Gatiman Express which runs between Delhi and Agra.
The company has offered lighter and safer trains, which can be run at speeds of about 160
km an hour and without any major upgrade of existing tracks. The fastest train on Indian
Railways system, Gatimaan Express, runs at 160 km an hour between Delhi and Agra.
*Note: Question has been corrected for factual error. Taglo is a high speed train not a
bullet train.
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