(K.

CMXC) TB

Chng 1: VECTOR KHNG GIAN V

B NGHCH LU BA PHA
I. Vector khng gian
I.1. Biu din vector khng gian cho cc i lng ba pha
ng c khng ng b (CKB) ba pha c ba (hay bi s ca ba) cun dy
stator b tr trong khng gian nh hnh v sau:
usb Pha B

stator

usa Pha A
rotor

usc Pha C

Hnh 1.1: S u dy v in p stator ca CKB ba pha.

(Ba trc ca ba cun dy lch nhau mt gc 1200 trong khng gian)

Ba in p cp cho ba u dy ca ng c t li ba pha hay t b nghch lu,

bin tn; ba in p ny tha mn phng trnh:
usa(t) + usb(t) + usc(t) = 0 (1.1)
Trong :
usa(t) = |us| cos(st) (1.2a)
usb(t) = |us| cos(st 1200) (1.2b)
usc(t) = |us| cos(st + 1200) (1.2c)

Vi s = 2fs; fs l tn s ca mch stator; |us| l bin ca in p pha, c th thay i.

(in p pha l cc s thc)
Vector khng gian ca in p stator c nh ngha nh sau:
r 2 r r r
u s ( t ) = [u sa ( t ) + u sb ( t ) + u sc ( t )] (1.3)
3
r 2
[ 0 0
]
u s ( t ) = u sa ( t )e j0 + u sb ( t )e j120 + u sc ( t )e j240
3
0

(mt phng ba chiu vi 3 vector n v)

r 2
[ 0
]
u s ( t ) = u sa ( t ) + u sb ( t )e j120 + u sc ( t )e j240
3
0
(1.4)
(tng t nh vector trong mt phng phc hai chiu vi 2 vector n v)
r 2
[ ]
u s ( t ) = u sa ( t ) + a.u sb ( t ) + a 2 .u sc ( t )
3
vi a = e j120
0

[1 + a + a ] = [e
2 j0 0 0 0
]
+ e j120 + e j240 = 0

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.1

(K.CMXC) TB

V d 1.1: Chng minh?

r
a) u s ( t ) = u s e js t = u s (s t ) = u s [cos(s t ) + jsin (s t )] (1.6)
2 3 3
b) us = [u as 0,5u bs 0,5u cs ] + j u bs u cs (1.5)
3 2 2

Im

o
e j120

s
r
B us 2r
u sc
3 Re
usa
A e j0
o
2r
u sa 2r
C 3 u sb
3

o
e j240

Hnh 1.2: Vector khng gian in p stator trong h ta .

Theo hnh v trn, in p ca tng pha chnh l hnh chiu ca vector in p
r
stator u s ln trc ca cun dy tng ng. i vi cc i lng khc ca ng c: dng
in stator, dng rotor, t thng stator v t thng rotor u c th xy dng cc vector
khng gian tng ng nh i vi in p stator trn.
I.2. H ta c nh stator
Vector khng gian in p stator l mt vector c modul xc nh (|us|) quay trn
mt phng phc vi tc gc s v to vi trc thc (trng vi cun dy pha A) mt gc
st. t tn cho trc thc l v trc o l , vector khng gian (in p stator) c th
c m t thng qua hai gi tr thc (us) v o (us) l hai thnh phn ca vector. H ta
ny l h ta stator c nh, gi tt l h ta .

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.2

(K.CMXC) TB

j
usc r
Cun dy
pha B
us us

usb Cun dy
pha A
0 usa = us

Cun dy
pha C

r
Hnh 1.3: Vector khng gian in p stator u s v cc in p pha.
Bng cch tnh hnh chiu cc thnh phn ca vector khng gian in p stator
(u s , u s ) ln trc pha A, B (trn hnh 1.3), c th xc nh cc thnh phn theo phng
php hnh hc:
usa = us
(1.7a)
usb = 1 3
u s + u s (1.7b)
2 2
suy ra
us = usa (1.8a)
(1.8b)
us = 1 (u sa + 2u sb )
3
Theo phng trnh (1.1), v da trn hnh 1.3 th ch cn xc nh hai trong s ba in p
r
pha stator l c th tnh c vector u s .

Hay t phng trnh (1.5)

2 3 3
u s = [u as 0,5u bs 0,5u cs ] + j u bs u cs (1.9)
3 2 2

c th xc nh ma trn chuyn i abc theo phng php i s:

1 1 u
1
u 2 2
s as
s 2
s = u bs (1.10)
u
s 3 3 3
0 u
2 2 cs
V d 1.2: Chng minh ma trn chuyn i h to abc?

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.3

(K.CMXC) TB

1 0
u as s
1 3 u s
u bs = (1.11)
u 2 2 u ss

cs 1 3
2
2

V d 1.3: Chng minh:

Bng cch tng t nh i vi vector khng gian in p stator, cc vector khng

gian dng in stator, dng in rotor, t thng stator v t thng rotor u c th c
biu din trong h ta stator c nh (h ta ) nh sau:
r
u s = us + j us (1.12a)
r
is = is + j is (1.12b)
r
ir = ir + j ir (1.12c)
r (1.12d)
s = s + j s
r (1.12e)
r = r + j r

II. B nghch lu ba pha

II.1. B nghch lu ba pha

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.4

(K.CMXC) TB

R S1 S3 S5

Udc A motor
B
C
N

S7 S2 S4 S6

n n

Hnh 1.4: S b nghch lu ba pha cn bng gm 6 kho S1S6.

V d 1.4: Chng minh cc phng trnh tnh in p pha?
1
a) U Nn = (U An + U Bn + U Cn )
3
2 1 1
b) U AN = U An U Bn U Cn
3 3 3
Phng php tnh mch in:
V d 1.5: Tnh in p cc pha trng thi S1, S3, S6 ON v S2, S4, S5 OFF?
A B

UAN UBN

Udc N

UCN

n C

Hnh 1.5: Trng thi cc kho S1, S3, S6 ON, v S2, S4, S5 OFF (trng thi 110).
II.2. Vector khng gian in p
n v (Udc)
Va Vb Vc usa usb usc uab ubc uca U Deg us
k S1 S3 S5 UAN UBN UCN UAB UBC UCA us us
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U0 U000
1 1 0 0 2/3 -1/3 -1/3 1 0 -1 U1 0o
2 1 1 0 1/3 1/3 -2/3 0 1 -1 U2 60 o
3 0 1 0 -1/3 2/3 -1/3 -1 1 0 U3 120 o
4 0 1 1 -2/3 1/3 1/3 -1 0 1 U4 180 o
5 0 0 1 -1/3 -1/3 2/3 0 -1 1 U5 240 o
6 1 0 1 1/3 -2/3 1/3 1 -1 0 U6 300 o
7 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 U7 U111
Bng 1.1: Cc in p thnh phn tng ng vi 8 trng thi ca b nghch lu.
V d 1.6: Tnh cc in p thnh phn us v us tng ng vi 8 trng thi trong
bng 1.1?

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.5

(K.CMXC) TB

iu ch vector khng gian in p s dng b nghch lu ba pha

V d 1.7: Xt b nghch lu trng thi 110:

Khi cc in p pha usa=1/3Udc, usb= 1/3Udc, usc=-2/3Udc.
Phng php i s: theo phng trnh (1.4):
r 2
3
[ 0
] 0 2 1
3 3
1
3
0 2 0
u phase _ 1 = u sa ( t ) + u sb ( t )e j120 + u sc ( t )e j240 = U dc + U dc e j120 U dc e j240
3
r
u phase _ 1 =
2 U dc
3 3
[( 0 0
) 0 2
] 0 2 0 0 2 0
1 + e j120 + e j240 3e j240 = U dc e j240 = U dc e j240 e j180 = U dc e j60 ,
3 3 3

Hay
r 2
[ ] 2 1 1 2
u phase _ 1 = u sa ( t ) + a.u sb ( t ) + a 2 .u sc ( t ) = U dc + a.U dc a 2 .U dc
3 3 3 3 3

vi a = e j120 , (1 + a + a 2 ) = 0
0

r
u phase _ 1 =
2 U dc
3 3
[( ]
1 + a + a 2 ) 3a 2 = U dc a 2 = U dc e j240 = U dc e j60
2
3
2
3
0 2
3
0

Phng php hnh hc: c hnh v

r r r
u sa + u sb + u sc
B
r
r
u sc us
r
U2(100)
u sb Udc

r
u sa A

r
Hnh 1.6: Vector khng gian in p stator u s ng vi trng thi (110).
r
trng thi (110), vector khng gian in p stator pha u phase _ 1 c ln bng
2/3Udc v c gc pha l 60o.
r
V d 1.8: Tm ( ln v gc ca) vector khng gian in p stator u s ( t ) ng
vi trng thi (101)? (Gii theo phng php i s nh trn hay theo phng php
hnh hc)

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.6

(K.CMXC) TB

Xt tng t cho cc trang thi cn li, rt ra c cng thc tng qut

2 j( k 1)
U k = U dc e 3
vi k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
3

U3 (010) U2 (110)
CCW

U0 (000)
U4 (011) U1 (100)
U7 (111)

CW

U5 (001) U6 (101)

Hnh 1.7: 8 vector khng gian in p stator tng ng vi 8 trng thi.

2 j( k 1)
U k = U dc e 3
k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. U0 v U7 l vector 0.
3
Cc trng hp xt trn l vector khng gian in p pha stator.
Up3 Up2

Up0 Up1
a
Up4 Trc usa
Up7

Up5 Up6

Hnh 1.8: Cc vector khng gian in p pha stator.

2 j( k 1)
U phase _ k =U dc e 3
k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
3
Bng cch iu khin chuyn i trng thi ng ct cc kha ca b nghch lu d
dng iu khin vector khng gian in p quay thun nghch, nhanh chm. Khi dng
in p ng ra b nghch lu c dng 6 bc (six step).

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.7

(K.CMXC) TB

Hnh 1.9: Cc in p thnh phn tng ng vi 6 trng thi.

2 0
V d 1.9: Chng minh u phase _ 0 = U dc e j0
3
Xt b nghch lu trng thi 100:
Khi cc in p pha usa=2/3Udc, usb= 1/3Udc, usc=-1/3Udc.
r 2 r
Phng php i s: theo phng trnh (1.3): u s ( t ) = [u sa ( t ) + ur sb ( t ) + ur sc ( t )]
3
hay phng trnh (1.4):
r 2
3
[ 0
] 0 2 2
3 3
1
3
0 1 0
u phase _ 0 = u sa ( t ) + u sb ( t )e j120 + u sc ( t )e j240 = U dc U dc e j120 U dc e j240
3

r
u phase _ 0 =
2 U dc
3 3
[ ( 0 0 2
)] 2 0
3 1 + e j120 + e j240 = U dc = U dc e j0 ,
3 3

Hay
r 2
[ ] 2 2 1 1
u phase _ 0 = u sa ( t ) + a.u sb ( t ) + a 2 .u sc ( t ) = U dc a.U dc a 2 .U dc
3 3 3 3 3

vi a = e j120 , (1 + a + a 2 ) = 0
0

r
u phase _ 0 =
2 U dc
3 3
[ ]
3 (1 + a + a 2 ) = U dc = U dc e j0
2
3
2
3
0

Phng php hnh hc: c hnh v

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.8

(K.CMXC) TB

2/3Udc
r
u sc

r r r r
u sa u sa + u sb + u sc A
r
us
r U1(100)
u sb

r
Hnh 1.10: Vector khng gian in p stator u s ng vi trng thi (100).
r
trng thi (100), vector khng gian in p pha stator u phase _ 0 c ln bng
2/3Udc v c gc pha trng vi trc pha A.

Trong mt s trng hp, cn xt vector khng gian in p dy ca stator.

r 2 r r r
u line = [u ab ( t ) + u bc ( t ) + u ca ( t )]
3
hay
r 2
[ 0
u line = u ab ( t ) + u bc ( t )e j120 + u ca ( t )e j240
3
0
]
hay
r 2
[ ]
u line = u ab ( t ) + a.u ba ( t ) + a 2 .u ca ( t )
3
vi a = e j120
0

V d 1.10: Xt b nghch lu trng thi 100:

Khi cc in p pha uab=Udc, ubc= 0, uca= -Udc.
Phng php i s: theo phng trnh trn:
r 2
[ 0
] [ 0 2
u line _ 1 = u ab ( t ) + u bc ( t )e j120 + u ca ( t )e j240 = U dc U dc e j240
3 3
0
]
r 2
[ ]
2
( 2
)
1
u line _ 1 = U dc U dc e j240 = U dc 1 + e j60 = U dc 1 + + j
3
0

3
0

3 2 2
3

r 2 3 3 2 3 1 2
u line _ 1 = U dc + j = 3U + j = 3U e j300

2 3 2 2 3
dc dc
3 2
Phng php hnh hc: c hnh v:

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.9

(K.CMXC) TB

BC 2/3Udc

r
u bc
Uline_1

r
AB
u ab

CA
r
Hnh 1.11: Vector khng gian in p dy stator u line _ 1 ng vi trng thi (100).
r
trng thi (100), vector khng gian in p dy stator u line _ 1 c ln bng
2
3U dc v c gc pha l 30o.
3
r
V d 1.11: Tm ( ln v gc ca) vector khng gian in p stator u line ng vi
r
trng thi (110), u line _ 2 ? (Gii theo phng php i s v phng php hnh hc)

Xt tng t cho cc trng thi cn li, rt ra c cng thc tng qut

2 j( 2 k 1)
U line _ k = 3U dc e 6
k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
3
Ud2

Ud3 Ud1

Ud0
Ud7 Trc uab

Ud4 Ud6

Ud5

Hnh 1.12: Cc vector khng gian in p dy stator.

V d 1.12: Chng minh cc vector in p c gi tr nh sau:

5 5
2 j 2 j
a/ v 6 pha = VDC e 3
b/ v 3 day = 3VDC e 6
3 3

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.10

(K.CMXC) TB

iu ch bin v gc vector khng gian in p dng b nghch lu ba pha

U3 (010) U2 (110)
CCW

T2
us

U0 (000)
U4 (011) U1 (100)
T1
U7 (111)

CW

U5 (001) U6 (101)
Hnh 1.13: iu ch bin v gc vector khng gian in p.
T1 T2 T
us = U1 + U 2 + 0 U 0 (U 7 ) hay u s = a.U 1 + b.U 2 + c.U 0 ( U 7 )
TPWM TPWM TPWM

sin( ) 2U dc
3 2 us 3 2 u s sin
a= 3 b= c = (a + b ) 1
2 Udc 2 2 Udc 2 3us
sin sin
3 3
2 U dc
Trong : a + b + c = (a + b ) 1

3us
T1 = a.TPWM T2 = b.TPWM T0 = c.TPWM
vi chu k iu rng xung: TPWM (T1 + T2) + T0 hay T0 TPWM (T1 + T2)
vi TPWM const
Tng qut: us =a.Ux + b.Ux+60 + c.{U0, U7}

Trong , l gc gia vector Ux v vector in p us.

Bng cch iu khin chuyn i trng thi ng ct cc kha ca b nghch lu

thng qua T1, T2 v T0, d dng iu khin ln v tc quay ca vector khng gian
in p. Khi dng in p ng ra b nghch lu c dng PWM sin.

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.11

(K.CMXC) TB

Hnh 1.14: iu ch bin v tn s in p.

Hnh 1.15: Dng in p v dng in PWM sin.

2 2 j
V d 1.13: Chng minh u s e j = T1 U dc + T2 U dc e 6

3 3

4
2 j
Bi tp 1.1. Chng minh: u phase _ 5 = U dc e 3
3
7
2 j
Bi tp 1.2. Chng minh: u line _ 4 = 3U dc e 6
3
Bi tp 1.3. in p ba pha 380V, 50Hz. Ti thi im t = 6ms. Tnh usa, usb, usc, us v
us, |us|? Bit gc pha ban u ca pha A l o = 0.
Bi tp 1.4. in p ba pha cp cho b nghch lu l 380V, 50Hz. Tnh in p pha ln
nht m b nghch lu c th cung cp cho ng c ni Y.
Bi tp 1.5. in p mt pha cp cho b nghch lu l 220V, 50Hz. Tnh in p dy ln
nht m b nghch lu c th cung cp cho ng c.
Bi tp 1.6. in p ba pha cp cho b nghch lu l 380V, 50Hz. in p pha b nghch
lu cp cho ng c l 150V v 50Hz. Ti thi im t = 6ms. Tnh T1, T2 v
T0? Bit gc pha ban u o = 0 v tn s iu rng xung l 20KHz.

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.12

(K.CMXC) TB

Bi tp 1.7. Lp bng v v gin vector cc in p dy thnh phn tng ng vi 8

trng thi ca b nghch lu.
Bi tp 1.8. Nu cc chc nng ca kho S7 v cc diode ngc (mc song song vi
cc kho ng ct S1 S6) trong b nghch lu?
Bi tp 1.9. Cho Udc = 309V, trng thi cc kho nh sau: S2, S3, S6: ON; v S1, S4,
S5: OFF. Tnh cc in p usa, usb, usc, UAB, UBC?
Bi tp 1.10. Khi tng tn s iu rng xung (PWM) ca b nghch lu, nh gi tc
ng ca sng hi bc cao ln dng in ng c. Phng php iu
khin no c tn s PWM lun thay i?

V d 1.1: Chng minh?

r
a) u s ( t ) = u s e js t = u s (s t ) = u s [cos(s t ) + jsin(s t )] (1.6)
2 3 3
b) us = [u as 0,5u bs 0,5u cs ] +
j u bs u cs (1.5)
3 2 2

V d 1.2: Chng minh ma trn chuyn i h to abc?

1 0
u as s
1 3 u s
u bs = u s (1.11)
2 2
u s
cs 1 3
2
2

V d 1.3: Chng minh:

V d 1.4: Chng minh cc phng trnh tnh in p pha?

1
a) U Nn = (U An + U Bn + U Cn )
3
2 1 1
b) U AN = U An U Bn U Cn
3 3 3
V d 1.5: Tnh in p cc pha trng thi S1, S3, S6 ON v S2, S4, S5 OFF?
V d 1.6: Tnh cc in p thnh phn us v us tng ng vi 8 trng thi trong
bng 1.1?
r 2 0
V d 1.7: B nghch lu trng thi 110, chng minh u phase _ 1 = U dc e j60
3
r
V d 1.8: Tm ( ln v gc ca) vector khng gian in p stator u s ( t ) ng vi
trng thi (101)? (Gii theo phng php i s nh trn hay theo phng
php hnh hc)
2 0
V d 1.9: Chng minh u phase _ 0 = U dc e j0
3
2 r 0
V d 1.10: B nghch lu trng thi 100, chng minh u line _ 1 = 3U dc e j30
3
r
V d 1.11: Tm ( ln v gc ca) vector khng gian in p stator u line ng vi
r
trng thi (110), u line _ 2 ? (Gii theo phng php i s v phng php hnh hc)

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.13

(K.CMXC) TB

V d 1.12: Chng minh cc vector in p c gi tr nh sau:

5 5
2 j 2 j
a/ v 6 pha = VDC e 3 b/ v 3 day = 3VDC e 6
3 3

2 2 j
V d 1.13: Chng minh u s e j = T1 U dc + T2 U dc e 6

3 3

Chng 1: Vector khng gian v B nghch lu ba pha I.14