The Islamic University of Gaza

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Numerical Analysis
ECIV 3306

Chapter 1

Mathematical Modeling

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 Part one : Approximation and Errors

Specific Study Objectives

Recognize the difference between analytical and
numerical solutions.
Recognize the distinction between truncation and
round-off errors.
Understand the concepts of significant figures,
accuracy, and precision.
Recognize the difference between true relative error
t, approximate relative error a, and acceptable s
error
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 Chapter 1: Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical Model
A formulation or equation that expresses the essential
features of a physical system or process in mathematical
terms.
Generally, it can be represented as a functional
relationship of the form

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 Mathematical Modeling

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 Simple Mathematical Model

Example: Newtons Second Law

(The time rate of change of momentum of a body is
equal to the resultant force acting on it)

a = acceleration (m/s2) .the dependent variable

m = mass of the object (kg) .the parameter
representing a property of the system.
f = force acting on the body (N)

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 Complex Mathematical Model
Example: Newtons Second Law

Where:
c = drag coefficient (kg/s),
v = falling velocity (m/s)
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 Complex Mathematical Model

At rest: (v = 0 at t = 0),
Calculus can be used to solve the equation

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 Analytical solution to Newton's Second Law

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Analytical solution to Newton's Second Law

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 Analytical solution to Newton's Second Law

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 Numerical Solution to Newton's Second Law

Numerical solution: approximates the exact

solution by arithmetic operations.

Suppose

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 Numerical Solution to Newton's Second Law

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 Numerical Solution to Newton's Second Law

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Comparison between Analytical vs. Numerical Solution

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