GII THIU CHUNG V CC

PHNG PHP NDT THNG DNG

(Non-Destructive Testing)

10/2014
 nh ngha NDT
Kiem tra khong pha huy (NDT) la s dung cac
phng phap vat ly e kiem tra phat hien cac
khuyet tat ben trong cau truc cua cac vat lieu,
cac san pham, chi tiet may... ma khong lam ton
hai en kha nang hoat ong sau nay cua
chung. NDT lien quan ti viec phat hien
khuyet tat trong cau truc cua cac san pham
c kiem tra, tuy nhien t ban than NDT
khong the d oan nhng ni nao khuyet tat
se hnh thanh va phat trien.
 CC LNH VC NG DNG NDT
NDT p dng cho nhiu lnh vc:
Kt cu thp
Khai thc, Ho du, Nng lng.
t- tu ho.
Hng khng.
ng tu..
c bit l trong ngnh nng lng nguyn t
(chng hn nh trong nh my in ht nhn)
NDT p dng cho tt c cc dng sn phm :
c
Rn
Hn

 Tat ca cac phng phap NDT eu
co chung nhng ac iem sau ay

S dung mot moi trng kiem tra e kiem tra san

pham.
S thay oi trong moi trng kiem tra chng to
san pham c kiem tra co khuyet tat.
La mot phng tien e phat hien s thay oi trong
moi trng kiem tra.
Giai oan nhng thay oi nay e nhan c cac
thong tin ve khuyet tat trong san pham kiem tra.
 Tam quan trong cua NDT
Phng phap kiem tra khong pha huy (NDT) ong
mot vai tro quan trong trong viec kiem tra chat
lng san pham. NDT cung c s dung trong tat
ca cac cong oan cua qua trnh che tao mot san
pham.
No cung co the c dung e kiem tra/giam sat
chat lng cua :
Cac phoi dung trong qua trnh che tao mot san
pham.
Cac qua trnh gia cong e che tao mot san pham.
Cac thanh pham trc khi a vao s dung
 Tam quan trong cua NDT
S dung cac phng phap NDT trong cac cong
oan cua qua trnh san xuat mang lai mot so
hieu qua sau :
Lam tang mc o an toan va tin cay cua san
pham khi lam viec.
Lam giam gia thanh san pham bang cach giam
phe lieu va bao toan vat lieu, cong lao ong va
nang lng.
No lam tang danh tieng cho nha san xuat khi
c biet en nh la mot nha san xuat cac san
pham co chat lng.
 Cc Phng php NDT thng dng
Visual Testing (VT) - Kim tra trc quan
Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) Kim tra bng thm
thu cht lng
Magnetic Particle Testig (MT) - Kim tra bng bt t
Eddy Current Testing (ET) Kim tra bng dng
in xoy
Radiographic Testing (RT) - Kim tra bng chp
nh bc x
Ultrasonic Testing (UT) Kim tra bng siu m
 Phng phap kiem tra trc quan
(Visual testing-VT)
Kim tra iu kin b mt ca vt th kim tra.
Kim tra s lin kt ca cc vt liu trn b mt.
Kim tra hnh dng ca chi tit.
Kim tra cc du hiu r r.
Kim tra cc khuyt tt nhng ni con ngi
khng th tip cn c (chng hn nhng ni c
phng phng x cao, b mt bn trong cc ng
ng).
 Thc o mi hn a nng TWI

IN IN
0 1/4 1/2 3/4 1/4 1/2 3/4
0

o gc vt mp o lch mp
Thang o t 0o n 60o tng Thang o c dng o
bc l 5o. lch gia cc chi tit bng cch
t cnh ca thc o trn
phn thp hn.
 Thc o mi hn a nng TWI

IN IN
1/4 1/2 3/4 1/4 1/2 3/4
0 0

o su Khuyt mp o m mi hn
(Undercut) o c cao m mi hn ln
Thang o c c t 0 xung n 25mm.
-5mm.
 Thc o mi hn a nng TWI

IN
1/4 1/2 3/4
0

3/4 1/2 1/4 0

IN

o chiu di chn ca mi o b dy m ca ca mi
hn gc thu mt phn hn gc
o c chn ca mi hn gc Dng mi thc trt o c
ln nht l 25mm. ln n 20mm
Thc o chnh lch cao thp
1

o kch
5

o thng thc
gia cng khe h
HI-LO Single Purpose Welding Gauge

y
Phng phap kiem tra trc quan
(Visual testing-VT)
Dng c gm c:
Ni soi, knh lp, knh
khuch i nh sng.

Thit b ghi nhn hnh

nh vi phng i
cho php kim tra cc
bnh p lc v bn ln

Thit b dng robot cho php quan st

c nhng ni nguy him v nhng
vng hp khng tip cn c, nh l
cc ng dn du v kh, l phn ng ht
nhn.
 Phng phap kiem tra trc quan
(Visual testing-VT)

Thit b soi ghi nhn v x l v lu hnh nh nt cao

cao s dng my vi tnh c gn camera chng phng x.
 Phng phap kiem tra trc quan
(Visual testing-VT)

Hnh nh ghi nhn c t camera

y l phn ng ht nhn

L phn ng ht nhn
Phng phap kiem tra tham thau long
(Liquid penetrant testing-PT)
ay la mot phng phap c ap dung e phat hien
nhng bat lien tuc h ra tren be mat vat lieu, cua
bat c san pham cong nghiep nao c che tao t
nhng vat lieu khong xop. Phng phap nay c
s dung pho bien e kiem tra nhng vat lieu khong
t tnh. Trong phng phap nay, chat tham long
c phun len be mat cua san pham trong mot thi
gian nhat nh, sau o phan chat tham con d c
loai bo khoi be mat. Be mat sau o c lam kho va
phu chat hien len no. Nhng chat tham nam trong
bat lien tuc se b chat hien hap thu tao thanh ch th
kiem tra, phan anh v tr va ban chat cua bat lien
tuc.
 Bo hoa chat s dung trong qua trnh
kiem tra tham thau chat long

Thit b kim tra thm

thu cht lng c nh
thng dng trong
ngnh hng khng
B ha cht gm 01 bnh cht
thm, 01 bnh cht ty ra v
01 bnh cht hin thc
hin kim tra ti hin trng
 Cac bc c bn trong qua trnh thc
hien kim tra thm thu chat lng
1) Lm sch v sy kh 4) Lm sch cht thm d 5) Kim tra trc quan
mu vt kim tra

5) p cht hin
2) p cht thm

6) Lm sch mu vt sau
3) Thi gian i thm khi kim tra xong.
Cc ch th trong kim tra thm thu
cht lng in hnh
Cc ch th trong kim tra thm thu
cht lng in hnh
 u im ca phng php kim tra
thm thu cht lng
Rat nhay vi nhng khuyet tat nam tren be
mat, neu c s dung phu hp.
Thiet b va vat t c dung trong phng
phap nay tng oi re tien.
Qua trnh tham long tng oi n gian va
khong gay ra van e rac roi.
Hnh dang cua chi tiet kiem tra khong la van
e quan trong.
Mt s hn ch ca phng php
kim tra bng cht thm lng
Cac khuyet tat phai h ra tren be mat.
Vat lieu c kiem tra phai khong xop.
Qua trnh kiem tra bang chat tham long kha
ban.
Gia thanh kiem tra tng oi cao.
Trong phng phap nay cac ket qua khong de
dang gi c lau.
 Phng php kim tra t tnh
Magnetic Particle Testing MT
Phng phap kiem tra bang bot t c dung e kiem
tra cac vat lieu de nhiem t. Phng phap nay co kha
nang phat hien nhng khuyet tat h ra tren be mat va
ngay sat di be mat. Trong phng phap nay, vat the
kiem tra trc het c cho nhiem t bang cach dung
mot nam cham vnh cu hoac nam cham ien, hoac
cho dong ien i qua trc tiep hoac chay xung quanh
vat the kiem tra. T trng cam ng vao trong vat the
kiem tra gom co cac ng sc t. Ni nao co khuyet
tat se lam roi loan ng sc, mot vai ng sc nay
phai i ra va quay vao vat the. Nhng iem i ra va i
vao nay tao thanh nhng cc t trai ngc nhau.
 Phng php kim tra t tnh
Magnetic Particle Testing - MT
Khi nhng bot t tnh nho c rac hoc phun len be
mat vat the kiem tra th nhng cc t nay se hut cac
bot t tnh e tao thanh ch th nhn thay c gan
giong nh kch thc va hnh dang cua khuyet tat.
Thit b dng trong qu trnh kim tra t

Yokes nam chm AC in dng Thit b c nh

kim tra hin trng

Dy mang dng
in
ng sc
t chy
chn yokes

Ch th to ra ng sc
t vt nt t chy trong
mu vt
Yokes nam chm in DC dng
kim tra hin trng
Thit b dng trong qu trnh kim tra t

Thit b c nh

Yokes nam chm vnh

cu kim tra hin
trng dng trong
nhng khu vc d Cc mu bt t kh Bt t t
chy n.
Thit b dng trong qu trnh kim tra t

Thit b cp dng in ln n Prods (cc t ha)

vi ngn ampere dng cho
thit b c nh.

Dng c o t trng
d trong vt liu kim
tra
 Cc bc thc hin kim tra t
1) Lm sch mu vt kim tra
3) T ha mu vt v p bt t
2) Sn mt lp mu tng phn

4) Kim tra trc quan 5) Kh t 6) Lm sch sau kim tra

Cc ch th in hnh trong qu
trnh kim tra t
Ch th

Ch th
Ch th

Ch th Ch th
Cc ch th in hnh trong qu
trnh kim tra t
Cc ch th in hnh trong qu
trnh kim tra t
Cc ch th in hnh trong qu trnh
kim tra t (bt t hunh quang)
 Nhng u im ca phng
php kim tra bng bt t
Co the phat hien c cac khuyet tat h tren be
mat cung nh cac khuyet tat nam gan be mat cua
vat the kiem tra.
Co the c s dung ma khong can cao bo cac lp
phu bao ve mong tren be mat vat the kiem tra.
Khong yeu cau nghiem ngat ve qua trnh lam sach
be mat trc khi kiem tra.
Thc hien nhanh.
Cho o nhay cao.
Qua trnh x ly t hn v the kha nang gay ra sai
so do ngi thc hien kiem tra thap.
 Mt s hn ch ca phng
php kim tra bng bt t
Khng dng c cho cc vt liu khng nhim
t.
Ch nhy i vi cc khuyt tt c gc nm
trong khong t 450 n 900 so vi hng ca
cc ng sc t.
Thit b c dng trong phng php ny t
tin hn.
Phng php kim tra dng in xoy
Eddy Current Testing - ET
Dng in xoy c to ra trong vt th kim tra
bng cch a n li gn cun cm c dng in
xoay chiu. T trng xoay chiu ca cun cm b
thay i do t trng ca dng in xoy. S thay
i ny ph thuc vo iu kin ca phn chi tit
nm gn cun cm, n c biu hin nh mt
in k hoc biu din trn mn hnh CRT.
Phng php kim tra dng in xoy
Eddy Current Testing - ET
T trng ca
cun dy
Cun dy

T trng ca
dng in xoay
chiu
Dng
in xoy

Vt liu
dn in
Phng php kim tra dng in xoy
c dng
Pht hin cc khuyt tt trong cc vt liu ng.
Phn loi vt liu.
o b dy ca thnh mng ch t mt pha.
o b dy lp m mng.
Thit b dng trong kim tra dng in
xoy
Thit b dng trong kim tra dng in
xoy
 Mt s ng dng in hnh ca
phng php kim tra dng in xoy
o b dy lp ph Pht hin vt nt trong cc chi
tit my bay

o dn in
phn loi vt liu
 CH TH KIM TRA CA ET

o dn in
phn loi vt liu
 Mt s ng dng in hnh ca
phng php kim tra dng in xoy
Kim tra r mn ca ng trao
i nhit trong cc nh my
nhit in v in ht nhn.

ng b n mn u d
Tn hiu c
to ra do r
mn v lm
mng khc nhau
 Mt s ng dng in hnh ca
phng php kim tra dng in xoy
Mt s u im ca phng php kim
tra bng dng in xoy
Cho p ng tc thi.
D t ng ha.
Phng php ny a nng.
Khng cn tip xc trc tip gia u d v
vt th kim tra.
Thit b c ch to d di chuyn.
 Mt s hn ch ca phng php kim
tra bng dng in xoy
Ngi thc hin cn phi c nhiu kinh nghim.
Ch dng c cho cc vt liu dn in.
B gii hn v kh nng xuyn su.
Kh p dng trn nhng vt liu st t.
 Phng php chp nh bc x
Radiography Testing - RT
Phng php kim tra bng chp nh bc x
c dng xc nh khuyt tt bn trong ca
nhiu loi vt liu v c cu hnh khc nhau. Mt
phim chp nh bc x thch hp c t pha
sau vt cn kim tra v c chiu bi mt chm
tia X hoc tia i qua n. Cng ca chm tia
X hoc tia khi i qua vt th b thay i ty theo
cu trc bn trong ca vt th v nh vy sau khi
ra phim chp s hin ra hnh nh bng, c
bit l nh chp bc x ca sn phm. Sau
phim c gii on c c nhng thng tin
v khuyt tt bn trong sn phm. Phng php
ny c dng rng ri cho tt c cc loi sn
phm nh vt rn, c v hn
 Phng php chp nh bc x
Radiographic Testing - RT

My pht tia X
Ngun phng x
+ -

Mu vt

Phim

Mu vt

Phim

Phim sau khi ra

Thit b dng trong kim tra chp nh
bc x

My pht tia X Ngun pht bc x gamma

Phim dng trong chp nh bc x

Qu trnh thc hin chp nh bc x

Cp iu khin ngun

Ngun

ng dn ngun

Phim
Mu vt kim tra
Mt s nh chp bc x trn phim in hnh
Khuyt tt

Khuyt tt

Khuyt tt

Khuyt tt
Nt ngang mi hn Nt dc trc trung tm
Chy mp y (undercut) Chy mp mt trn
Chiu cao m hn qu ln Rnh khng in y
Khng thu y Khng ngu y
Hn lm y Hn thu y qu mc
Chy
thng

Chy thng
r kh tp trung r kh n
tp cht x gia cc ng hn Cc dy x ko di
S lch hng
Tp cht tungsten trong mi hn
Chp nh bc x kim tra cht lng
btng ct thp
 Mt s u im ca phng php kim
tra bng chp nh bc x
Phng php ny c th c dng kim tra
nhng vt liu c din tch ln ch trong mt ln.
Phng php ny hu hiu i vi tt c cc vt
liu.
Phng php ny c th c dng kim tra
s sai hng bn trong cu trc vt liu, s lp rp
sai cc chi tit, s lch hng.
N cho kt qu kim tra lu tr c lu.
C cc thit b kim tra cht lng phim chp
bc x.
Qu trnh gii on phim c thc hin trong
nhng iu kin rt tin nghi.
 Mt s hn ch ca phng php kim
tra bng chp nh bc x
Chm bc x tia X hoc tia gy nguy him cho
sc khe con ngi.
Phng php ny khng th pht hin c cc
khuyt tt dng phng mt cch d dng.
Cn phi tip xc c c hai mt ca vt th
kim tra.
B gii hn v b dy kim tra.
C mt s v tr trong mt s chi tit khng th
chp c do cu to hnh hc.
nhy kim tra gim theo b dy ca vt th
kim tra.
Phng php ny t tin.
 Mt s hn ch ca phng php kim
tra bng chp nh bc x
Phng php ny khng d t ng ha.
Ngi thc hin phng php ny cn c nhiu
kinh nghim trong vic gii on nh chp trn
phim.
 Phng php kim tra siu m UT
Ultrasonic Testing - UT
Sng m tn s cao c truyn vo vt liu v chng
s b phn x do b mt hay khuyt tt.
Nng lng sng m b phn x c biu din theo
thi gian, ngi kim tra c th gii on c b mt
phn x y hay khuyt tt c ch ra trn mn hnh f

hin th ca thit b siu m cho bit su v v tr ca

n.
Xung pht

Xung y

Xung
vt nt

Nt

0 2 4 6 8 10 Tm

Mn hnh hin th
Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
1. PANAMETRICS EPOCH

EPOCH II EPOCH III u d

Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
1. PANAMETRICS EPOCH

EPOCH LT EPOCH 4 EPOCH XT

Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
2. GE KRAUTKRAMER

USN 52

USM 35
USN 60
Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
2. GE KRAUTKRAMER

USM 36

USM - GO
Thit b dng trong phng php kim
tra siu m
3. MU CHUN THIT B V NHY KIM TRA
ASTM Distance/Area Amplitude

DSC DC Rhompas

ASME Pipe Sec. XI

SC
Mt s ng dng ca phng php kim
tra siu m
1. o b dy v d tm khuyt tt bng u d thng
Mt s ng dng ca phng php kim
tra siu m
2. Kim tra khuyt tt trong mi hn
Mt s ng dng ca phng php kim
tra siu m
2. Kim tra khuyt tt trong mi hn

Ch th trn my cho bit mi hn khng c khuyt tt

Mt s ng dng ca phng php kim
tra siu m
2. Kim tra khuyt tt trong mi hn

Ch th trn my cho bit mi hn c khuyt tt

Mt s ng dng ca phng php kim
tra siu m
2. Kim tra khuyt tt trong mi hn
 Mt s u im ca phng php kim
tra siu m
Co o nhay cao cho phep phat hien c cac khuyet
tat nho.
Co kha nang xuyen thau cao (khoang ti 6 -7 m sau
ben trong khoi thep) cho phep kiem tra cac tiet dien
rat day.
Co o chnh xac cao trong viec xac nh v tr va kch
thc khuyet tat.
Cho ap ng nhanh v the cho phep kiem tra nhanh
va t ong.
Ch can tiep xuc t mot pha cua vat c kiem tra.
 Mt s hn ch ca phng php kim
tra siu m
Hnh dang cua vat the kiem tra co the gay kho khan
cho cong viec kiem tra .
Kho kiem tra cac vat lieu co cau tao ben trong phc
tap.
Phng phap nay can phai s dung chat tiep am.
au do phai c tiep xuc phu hp vi be mat mau
trong qua trnh kiem tra.
Hng cua khuyet tat co anh hng en kha nang
phat hien khuyet tat.
Thiet b rat at tien.
Nhan vien kiem tra can phai co rat nhieu kinh
nghiem.
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

ASTM Volume 03.03 Nondestructive Testing

GII THIU QUY PHM V TIU CHUN P DNG
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
1. GII THIU

C th ni, y l ti liu c s dng cho vic nh gi trnh v

chng nhn nhn vin NDT u tin trn th gii. L do v v cch
thc s dng ti liu ny c m t trong bi bo ca hai tc gi,
Harold v Carl B. Shaw, ng trn tp ch ca Hi, thng 10 nm 1968:
How to qualify and certify NDT Personnel?
1950-1960: CC TP ON KINH T, C QUAN CHINH QUYN V
HIP HI KY THUT NGH HIP HI KIM TRA KHNG PH HY
HOA K, ASNT, XEM XET LIU CO TH AM TRCH LNH VC O
TO, NH GI V CHNG NHN NHN VIN NDT.
1961: HI NG KY THUT A CH NH MT NHOM CNG TC
NGHIN CU TINH KHA THI CA VIC BIN SON MT TI LIU V
VN NY. NHOM NY A N LC CHUN B MT TI LIU, MANG
TNH XUT, TNG HP CC QUAN IM T CC CHUYN GIA V
O TO V NH GI NHN VIN NDT, TRNH VN BANCO TN:
Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
1. GII THIU
Ti liu ny cung cp mt khun kh ngnh cng
nghip da vo v bin son mt qui trnh chuyn bit
(WRITTEN PRACTICE) cho vic o to, nh gi trnh v
cp chng ch nhn vin ph hp, thng nht vi cc nhu cu
v yu cu ca mi lnh vc cng nghip chuyn su, c th.
Phin bn u tin ban hnh nm 1966, vi tn gi, v
ngha:
SNT: Society of Nondestructive Testing
TC: Technical Committee
1A: ti liu u tin
Sau gn 45 nm, ti liu ny c chnh sa, b sung vi
12 phin bn gn
vi nm ban hnh nh sau:
1966, 1968, 1971, 1975, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2001,
2006 v mi nht l 2011.
 TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
1. GII THIU

Ti liu xut ny c p dng hoc ch nh rt su

rng trong cc d n cng nghip trn th gii khi s
dng cc tiu chun, qui phm ca Hoa K. C th lit k
nhng lnh vc in hnh minh ha cho nhn nh ny.

ASTM Volume 03.03 (E Serie): Tiu chun ca Hip hi

Kim tra v vt liu Hoa K, Kim tra khng ph hy

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (Qui phm L

hi v bnh p lc ca Hip hi k s c kh Hoa K.

ASME CODE FOR PRESSURE PIPING (Qui phm h

thng ng p lc ca Hip hi k s c kh Hoa K):
B31.1 POWER PIPNG, B31.3 PROCESS PIPING,
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
API Code: 510 Pressure Vessel Inspection Code, 570
Piping Inspection Code (Cc Qui phm ca Vin du kh
Hoa K v kim tra Bnh p lc v h thng ng)
API Standard: 620, 650, 1104 (Cc tiu chun ca Vin
du
kh Hoa K v bn b p sut thp, cha du, tuyn ng
v cc h thng ph tr khc)
API Specification 5L: Cc tiu chun ca Vin du kh
Hoa
K v ng tuyn (Line Pipe),
API Recommended Practice: RP 2X (Phng php
xut kim tra siu m v ht t kt cu ngoi khi), RP
5UE (Phng php xut nh gi khuyt tt ng bng
siu m),
AWS D1.1, D1.5 (Qui phm Hip hi Hn M v hn kt
cu thp, kt cu cu)
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
2. NI DUNG CHNH

Phm vi: xut pht t nhn thc, Hiu lc p dng kim

tra khng pha hy (NDT) phu thuc vo kh nng ca
ngi c trch nhim (qun ly) va thc hin NDT, Ti
liu ny thit lp cc HNG DN cho vic o to, nh
gia va chng nhn nhn vin NDT m ngh nghip cng
vic yu cu hiu bit phu hp v cc nguyn ly ky thut
lam nn tang cho cc kim tra khng pha hy m h
THC HIN, CHNG KIN, GIM ST hay NH GIA. T
chc ch qun xem xt cc xut chi tit ny, v chnh
sa nu cn thit, xy dng qui trnh vn bn p ng v
ph hp vi nhu cu ring bit ca mnh.
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
2. CC PHNG PHP NDT C XUT O TO

p dng cho 13 phng php NDT:

- Kim tra pht x m (Acoustic Emission Testing)
- Kim tra in t trng (Electromagnetic Testing)
- Cc phng php kim tra laze (Laser Testing Methods)
- Kim tra r r (Leak Testing)
- Kim tra thm lng (Liquid Penetrant Testing)
- Thng lng t trng r (Magnetic Flux Leakage)
- Kim tra bng bt t (Magnetic Particle Testing)
- Kim tra chp nh phng x Neutron (Neutron Radiographic
Testing)
- Kim tra chp nh phng x (Radiographic Testing)
- Kim tra nhit hng ngoi (Thermal/Infrared Testing)
- Kim tra siu m (Ultrasonic Testing)
- Phn tch dao ng (Vibration Analysis)
- Kim tra trc quan (Visual Testing)
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
3. BC V TRNH , S GI O TO V KINH NGHIM

c phn thnh ba bc c bn, Level I, II v III. C nhn ang trong qu

trnh bn u c o to, nh gi v chng nhn, c xem l Tp s.

Phng Bc Di i t nht 2 Kinh nghim Kinh

php hc, gi nm i trong nghim
hc, gi phng trong NDT,
php, gi gi
PT I 4 4 70 130
II 8 4 140 270
MT I 12 8 70 130
II 8 4 210 400
UT I 40 30 210 400
II 40 40 630 1200
RT I 40 30 210 400
II 40 35 630 1200
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
3. BC V TRNH , S GI O TO V KINH NGHIM
Nhn vin NDT bc I: Phi chun nh c thit b, thc
hin kim tra v xc nh c vic nh gi chp nhn
hay loi b mt i tng kim tra c th theo nhng vn
bn hng dn v ghi nhn kt qu kim tra ny. NDT bc
I phi chu s hng dn v gim st t nhn vin NDT
bc II v III.
Nhn vin NDT bc II: Phi ci t v chun nh c
thit b, gii on v nh gi c cc kt qu kim tra
theo quy phm, tiu chun, yu cu k thut p dng.
NDT bc II phi thu hiu c mc ch v hn ch ca
tng phng php NDT, thc thi chc trch o to
hng dn cng vic cho NDT bc I. NDT bc II phi t
chc c v bo co cc kt qu kim tra NDT.
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
3. BC V TRNH , S GI O TO V KINH NGHIM

Nhn vin NDT bc III: Phi c kh nng pht trin, nh gi v

duyt quy trnh kim tra, thit lp v ph duyt k thut kim tra,
gii thch c cc quy phm, tiu chun, yu cu k thut v quy
trnh; ng thi ch nh cc phng php, k thut v quy trnh
NDT c trng s dng.
NDT bc III phi c thc hin c qu trnh kim tra NDT c
chng nhn v ch nh v c kh nng gii on v nh gi cc
kt qu kim tra trong phm vi quy phm, tiu chun, yu cu k
thut tn ti. NDT bc III phi c nn tng kin thc su v vt
liu, qu trnh ch to v sn phm cng ngh thit lp cc k
thut v h tr thit lp tiu chun chp nhn khi khng c sn
tiu chun ny. NDT bc III phi hiu bit chung v cc phng
php NDT p dng, nh c a ra bi k thi c s ASNT bc III
hoc cc cch khc. NDT bc III theo phng php no c kh
nng hun luyn, o to, kim tra v cp chng ch cho nhn
vin NDT bc I v II theo phng php .
 TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
3. CHNG TRNH O TO
Ni dung, ch chnh c th da theo ti liu, ANSI/ASNT CP-105, Topical
Outlines for Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
C quan t chc ch qun nu s dng dch v o to bn ngoi th phi
chu trch nhim m bo cc dch v ny p ng cc yu cu ca qui trnh
vn bn ca h.
4. THI
NDT Bc III c trch nhim qun tr v chm im bi thi cho NDT bc I, II
v III khc.
Yu cu kim tra kh nng nhn gn Jaeger No.2 hoc tng ng v
phn bit khc bit mu sc hoc mc xm s dng trong phng
php NDT.
K thi gm ba phn, v c bn: 01 bi thi l thuyt chung (General). 01 bi
thi l thuyt chuyn su (specific) v 01 bi thi thc hnh (practice) cho
NDT bc I v II. c bit, phn thi SPECIFIC, phi ch trng vo cc iu
kin, yu cu, tiu chun v qui trnh p dng ca t chc ch qun.
nh gi kt qu vi tiu ch im ti thiu mi phn v im tng hp
(trung bnh cng ca ba phn)
T chc, c quan ch qun c th thu dch v thi nh gi t bn ngoi, dch
v NDT Bc III, nhng vn chu trch nhim hon ton v trnh kh nng ca
h trong vic p ng cc yu cu t Qui trnh vn bn ca mnh.
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ASNT SNT TC 1A
4. NH GI NH K KHA NNG THC HIN
y l ni dung rt c th ca ti liu ny, nhm m
bo tnh lin tc trong vic th hin c trnh nh
yu cu.

5. CP LI CHNG CH:
da theo mt trong cc tiu ch l kh nng thc hin
(cng vic) tha mn lin tc hoc thi li ni dung no
do NDT bc III quyt nh thy cn thit. Thi hn chng
ch cho c ba bc l 05 nm.

6. HY B CHNG CH:
chng ch ca t chc ch qun s t ng ht hiu lc
khi ngi lao ng chm dt hp ng cng vic.
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
1. GII THIU
ISO 9712 l xy dng trn mt nn tng ca mt chng
trnh chng nhn nhn vin NDT c lp vi t chc s
dng lao ng (c quan ch qun) c hn 60 quc gia
trn th gii s dng. Thnh cng ny mt phn ln l do
Lnh o iu hnh ca T chc Tiu chun quc t cho
php s tham gia ca tt c cc quc gia thnh vin (mi
quc gia mt i din) trong vic xy dng mt tiu chun
ISO. Trong ISO, mi c quan quc gia c mt phiu biu
quyt sao cho cc nhu cu ca tt c cc nc c trng s
nh nhau. ISO 9712 c to ra vo nm 1992 v c
sa i vo nm 1999, 2005 v 2012 bi mt nhm cng tc
gm cc chuyn gia k thut am hiu - iu ny m bo
rng tho lun k thut ch khng phi l chng trnh
ngh s chnh tr kim sot nhng g i vo trung tm
ca tiu chun.
 TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
1.GII THIU
Cho n nay, c tnh c trn di 60 nc cng nhn v ban hnh
tiu chun quc gia da trn tiu chun ISO 9712 ny.
Ti Hoa K, ti liu ISO 9712:2005 cng c ban hnh thnh tiu
chun quc gia, ANSI/ASNT CP -106, vi mt s chnh sa, ng thi
t nhiu nm, t chc ng kim hng u, ABS, cng yu cu p
dng tiu chun ISO 9712 trong lnh vc o to, nh gi v chng
nhn nhn vin NDT.
c bit, b Qui phm L hi v bnh p lc ni ting ton th gii
ca Hip hi k s c kh Hoa K, ASME, trong phin ban mi ban
hnh thng 7 nm 2013, ln u tin, chnh thc tha nhn vic
p dng cc chng trnh da trn tiu chun ISO 9712. S kin ny
chc chn c ngha cc k quan trng trong vic thc y s ph
qut su rng ca tiu chun ny trn phm vi ton th gii.
Ti Vit Nam ISO-9712 c ban hnh vi
tiu chun TCVN-5868
 TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
1.GII THIU
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
2. NI DUNG CHNH
Phm vi: thit lp cc nguyn tc cho vic nh gi v chng
nhn/cp chng ch cho ngi thc hin NDT, p dng i vi 10
phng php sau:
Kim tra pht x m (acoustic emission testing);
Kim tra dng in xoy (eddy current testing);
Kim tra nhit hng ngoi (infrared thermography testing);
Kim tra r r (leak testing - hydraulic pressure tests excluded);
Kim tra ht t (magnetic testing - magnetic particle testing and
flux leakage testing) ;
Kim tra thm lng (penetrant testing);
Kim tra chp nh phng x (radiographic testing);
Kim tra sc cng (strain testing);
Kim tra siu m (ultrasonic testing);
Kim tra trc quan (visual testing)
(cc kim tra trc quan bng mt thng v kim tra quan st tin
hnh khi p dng cc phng php NDT khc khng tnh y).
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
3. BC V TRNH , S GI O TO V KINH NGHIM

c phn thnh ba bc c bn, Level I, II v III.

- Th lc: th sinh phi cung cp cc bng chng kh nng nhn tha
mn v cc yu cu sau: kh nng nhn gn (Jaeger number 1
hoc Times Roman N 4.5 hoc tng ng vi chiu cao ch l
1,6 mm), kh nng nhn mu v phn bit mu sc v tng
phn ca cc mu hoc mc xm s dng trong phng php
NDT lin quan nh c ch r bi c quan ch qun.
- K thi nh gi: bao trm ln phng php NDT cho trc p
dng trong mt lnh vc cng nghip hoc mt hay nhiu lnh vc
sn phm. Thi gian ti a thc hin bi thi do T chc cp
chng nhn xc nh. K thi nh gi gm ba phn, vi bc 1 v 2
l General, Specific v Practical. Vi bc 3 l Basic, Method v
Pratical. Ni dung v ch c bn ca cc phn thi c xc
nh r, s lng cu hi cc phn thi vit c qui nh chi tit.
Tiu ch nh gi cho k thi thc hnh c lng ha rt c th.
TIU CHUN HUN LUYN V CP CHNG CH
ISO-9712
3. BC V TRNH , S GI O TO V KINH NGHIM

- nh gi: tiu ch ti thiu t yu cu mi phn thng thng

l 70% v tng hp cc phn phi l 80%.
- Chng ch cp c hai dng: vn bn cng v k thut s, thi hn
ti a 5 nm tnh t ngy ban hnh. Vic gia hn (renewal) chng
ch sau thi hn 5 nm u tin v c mi 10 nm tip theo da
trn bng chng ti liu c th xc nhn v kim tra th lc trong
vng 12 thng, v qu trnh hot ng lin tc tha mn khng c
gin on ng k trong phng php v lnh vc p dng. Trc
khi ht mi giai on th hai ca thi hn chng ch (10 nm), c
nhn c th c cp li chng ch (recertification) nu tha mn
thm iu kin: thi t phn Thc hnh vi bc 1, 2 v phn Vit
hng dn vi bc 2, thi t phn thi c t nht 20 cu hi v
phng php,lnh vc cng nghip v chng trnh nh gi, cp
chng ch vi bc 3. Ngoi ra, ng vin bc 3 phi tha mn cc
yu cu ca h thng tn im (credit), t ti thiu 70 im trong
thi hn 5 nm, v mi nm ti a 25 im.
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP VT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP PT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP PT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP PT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP MT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP ET
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP ET
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP ET
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP ET
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP ET
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP RT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
NI DUNG HUN LUYN O TO THEO ASNT-CP-105
PHNG PHP UT
MU CHNG CH CHO NDT BC DO TRUNG
TM HT NHN TP.HCM CP
Any question?