ANDHRA PRADESH

STATE MDG REPORT

Introduction
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, leaders of 189 mem- dhra Pradesh has pursued the MDGs with vigour. Commendable
ber countries adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing progress has been made by the state towards achieving the MDGs
their nations participation in a new global effort to reduce extreme though the level of accomplishment varies across the different goals.
poverty and laying out a set of targets, with a deadline of 2015, that The MDGs have passed their deadline of December 2015 and the
have become known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). world has embraced a new set of transformative Sustainable Devel-
The 8 MDGs are: opment Goals (SDGs). This juncture is an opportune moment to take
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger stock of the achievements of MDGs in Andhra Pradesh and identify
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education learnings which can be incorporated into the framework of SDGs.
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women This report reviews the performance of Andhra Pradesh in attainment
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality of MDGs. It also identifies key development concerns which the state
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health has to confront in the post-2015 era in its journey towards becoming
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other Diseases a more inclusive, sustainable, and happy society.
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Goal 8: Develop Global Partnership for Development Structure of the Report
For the last 15 years, MDGs had been the world's time-bound and
This report provides a consolidated view of Andhra Pradeshs perfor-
quantified targets for confronting extreme poverty in its multiple
mance on the MDG indicators at a State level. The executive sum-
dimensions - income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate
mary is an overview of the states achievements. In subsequent chap-
housing, and exclusion - while promoting gender equality, education,
ters the trends and progress of each MDG goal, and its targets and
and environmental sustainability. They are also the basic human
indicators is discussed.
rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and
The preparation of this report has faced considerable data constraints.
security.
Post-bifurcation of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh in 2014, the statistical
As a signatory to the Millennium Declaration, India has remained
system has not fully reconfigured itself to reflect comprehensive
committed to reducing poverty and deprivations by adopting the
separate records for residual Andhra Pradesh and Telangana separate-
MDG goals and targets. Indias MDG framework is based on
ly. Therefore, data on some indicators are available only for the erst-
UNDGs MDG 2003 framework, and it includes all the eight goals,
while state. Another limitation is non-availability of data for the re-
12 out of the 18 Targets (Targets 1 to 11 & 18) which are relevant for
cent years. This is because majority of the official data at the national
India and related 35 indicators. A revised indicator-framework drawn
level is collected through surveys which are conducted once in a few
up by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group (IAEG) on MDGs came
years. Greater attention has been given to presenting the latest availa-
into effect in 2008. This framework had 8 Goals, 21 targets and 60
ble official data in the report.
indicators. India has not endorsed this revised framework.
As a state which accords priority to the wellbeing of its people, An-

2
Executive Summary

The Indian MDG Framework der parity in school education, tackling malaria and sanitation.
The MDG framework adopted by India and hence, Andhra However, there is a huge scope for improvement in perfor-
Pradesh consists of all the eight goals, 12 out of the 18 targets mance on targets such as ensuring completion of school edu-
and 35 indicators. cation and improving the living conditions of the slum popu-
The MDG framework of the country was designed after duly lation.
considering the existing official data in the statistical system. Andhra Pradesh in a Comparative MDG Study
Therefore, some indicators were dropped due to unavailability Andhra Pradesh aspires to be one amongst the three best
of reliable data and some indicators were modified to suit the states MDG status of Andhra Pradesh by 2022 and the best
Indian context. state by 2029. Exhibit 2 provides a comparison of the perfor-
mance of Andhra Pradesh vis--vis some other states in the
Andhra Pradeshs MDG Performance
country such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maha-
A snapshot of the MDG status of Andhra Pradesh in 2015 is
rashtra.
provided in Exhibit 1. Andhra Pradesh is estimated to have
achieved some of the MDG targets such as for nutrition, gen-

Exhibit 1: MDG Status of Andhra Pradesh in 2015

Note:
Targets in green: Achieved
Targets in blue: Nearly achieved
Targets in orange: Far from achievement

Millennium Development Goals Target Achievement

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people 24.87 % 8.27 %
1
whose income is less than one dollar a day (official poverty line) (official poverty line)
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people
2 22.21 percent 22.17 percent
who suffer from hunger
Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls
3 alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary 100 72.17
education
Eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary educa- 1 Primary- 0.94
4 tion, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education,
no later than 2015. 1 Secondary- 1.01
Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Un- 33 per 1,000 live
5 41 per 1,000 live births
der-five Mortality Rate births
Reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the 74.4 per 1,00,000 live
6 85.18 per 1,00,000 live births
Maternal Morality Ratio births
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of 0.75 percent in 2011 down from 0.91
7 Halt and reverse
HIV/AIDS in 2008
Malaria incidence- 27.8 per lakh, down
Halt and reverse
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence from 179.26 per lakh (1996)
8
of malaria and other major diseases Tuberculosis incidence- 73.24 per lakh,
Halt and reverse
down from 139.6 per lakh (2008)
Integrate the principle of sustainable development into Percentage of forest to total geograph-
Reverse loss of envi-
9 country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of ical area increased from 21.64 percent
ronmental resources
environmental resources (2001-02) to 22.51 percent (2014-15)
Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sus- 77.55 percent Drinking water- 72.7 percent
10
tainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation 54 percent Sanitation- 53.6 percent
Improvement in living Proportion of slum population to urban
By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in
11 conditions of slum population increased from 34.9 (2001)
the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
dwellers to 38.3 (2011)
Telephone line subscribers per 100
In co-operation with the private sector, make available
population- 79.47, cellular subscribers
12 the benefits of new technologies, especially information Increase Availability
per 100 population- 87.2, internet sub-
and communication
scribers per 100 population- 26.5

3
Exhibit 2: MDG Status of Andhra Pradesh in comparison to some other states of the country
Tamil
Sn MDG Goals & Indicators Year Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra India
Nadu
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

1 Poverty Head Count Ratio 2015* 8.27 18.29 6.15 16.42 9.91 20.74

2 Poverty Gap Ratio in rural areas 2011-12 1.6 3.26 1.59 4.65 2.47 5.05

3 Poverty Gap Ratio in urban areas 2011-12 0.87 3.09 0.83 1.55 1.1 2.7
Share of poorest quintile in national consump-
4 2011-12 10.6 10.9 8.4 10.4 9.7 9.6
tion (MRP), rural
Share of poorest quintile in national consump-
5 2011-12 8.7 6.4 7.2 7.7 8 7.2
tion (MRP), urban
Prevalence of underweight children under
6 2015* 22.17 25.59 20.54 25.39 18.06 32.85
three years of age
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

7 Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education 2013-14 78.31 92.3 85.78 86.42 86.66 88.08
Proportion of pupils starting Grade 1 who
8 2011-12 86.27 97.43 -- -- -- 86.05
reach Grade 5
9 Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds 2011 87.02 90.79 99.04 93.66 96.09 86.14
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
10 Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education 2014-15 0.96 0.92 0.94 0.84 0.95 0.90
Ratio of girls to boys in higher secondary
11 2014-15 0.93 1.05 1.08 0.85 1.13 0.89
education
12 Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education 2012-13 0.78
Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years 0.95 0.97 0.98
13 2011 0.92 1 0.91
old
Proportion of seats held by women in state
14 2014 10.3 -- -- -- -- --
legislature
Share of women in wage employment in the
15 2011-12 22.9 20.9 30.8 20.1 32.5 19.3
non- agricultural sector
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
16 Under- Five Mortality Rate 2015 41# 34.76 11 25.16 20.04 48.01
#
17 Infant Mortality Rate 2015 35 30.79 11.34 22.84 19.35 39.00
Percentage of one-year-old children immun-
18 2015* 100 100 100 96 100 89.1
ised against measles
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
19 Maternal Mortality Ratio 2015* 85.18 122.27 50.21 64.51 72.58 140.00

Proportion of births attended by skilled health

20 2015* 100 97.8 100 74.3 100 77.3
personnel
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases
Estimated adult HIV prevalence (15-49 years 0.52 0.12 0.42 0.28
21 2011 0.75 0.27
of age)
HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged 0.51 0.06 0.30 0.31
22 2012-13 0.51 0.32
15-24 years
Condom use rate of the contraceptive preva-
NFHS-3
23 lence rate among currently married women 0.5 1.7 5.5 6.2 2.3 5.2
2005-06
aged 15-49 years
Condom use rate % of the contraceptive prev-
NFHS-4
24 alence rate among currently married women 0.2# 1.3 -- 7.1 0.8 --
2015-16
aged 15-49 years
Malaria Incidence Rate (Nos. per lakh popula-
25 2014** 27.8 22.7 5.2 46.3 12.3 86.7
tion)
26 Deaths associated with malaria 2014** 0 2 6 71 0 578
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
27 Proportion of land area covered by forest 2014-15 22.51# -- -- -- -- --
#
28 Per capita energy consumption 2015-16 982 -- -- -- -- --
#
29 Proportion of the households using solid fuels 2015-16 38 -- -- -- -- --
Proportion of population with sustainable
30 2015-16 72.7# 89.3 -- 91.5 90.6 --
access to an improved water source
Proportion of population with access to im- 51.9 52.2
31 2015-16 53.6# 57.8 -- --
proved sanitation
Slum population as percentage of urban popu-
32 2011 38.3# -- -- -- -- --
lation
*Projected, **provisional, # These values for the present new state of Andhra Pradesh, the rest are for the erstwhile state.
U-DISE 2014-15: Flash Statistics table 3.4; National Family Health Survey 4, 2015 -16 Fact Sheets for Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu ;Source: MDG
India Appendix

4
Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Status Summary:
change. Between 2004-05 and 2011-12, the former has dropped from
Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people
whose income is less than one dollar a day 6.97 to 1.6 and the latter from 4.81 to 0.87. Both rural and urban
Indicators Values Target estimates are better than the all-India figures. Improvement in pov-
erty gap ratio is an indication of people below the poverty line com-
Poverty head count ratio 8.27% (2015) 24.8%
ing closer to escaping poverty. It also implies that the quantum of
Poverty gap ratio- rural 1.06 (2011-12) --
resources needed to lift everyone out of poverty has reduced.
Poverty gap ratio- urban 0.87 (2011-12) -- The share of poorest quintile in state consumption, which is a meas-
Share of poorest quintile in na- ure of inequality, has slightly improved from 9.79 in 2009-10 to 10.6
10.6 (2011-12) --
tional consumption- rural
Share of poorest quintile in na- in 2011-12 in rural and from 7.46 to 8.7 in urban areas. The ideal
8.7 (2011-12) --
tional consumption-urban share of 20 percent of income or consumption going to the poorest
Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who
suffer from hunger quintile is far from reality. However, Andhra Pradeshs ranking at
Indicator Values Target 19th and 17th positions with respect to rural and urban areas, respec-
Prevalence of underweight chil-
22.17% (2015) 22.21% tively, among other states, highlights the magnitude of the work
dren under three years of age
needs to be done.
Eradication of extreme poverty and hunger is at the centre of the
The global indicator for child nourishment is prevalence of under-
MDG agenda. Andhra Pradesh has achieved the poverty reduction
weight children under the age of five years. However due to data
target and has reduced poverty to a level considerably below the tar-
limitations, India has modified the age limit to under three years.
get. The proportion of people under the official poverty line
Andhra Pradesh has tremendously reduced child malnourishment
(Tendulkar methodology) in 2015 was nearly one-fifth of what it was
from 42.9 percent in 1992-93 to 22.17 percent (projected) in 2015
in 1993-94. Rural poverty has fallen by the same proportion, while
and has achieved the target of 22.21 percent.
reduction in urban poverty has been more impressive- from 35.2 to
Overall, Andhra Pradesh has performed commendably in poverty and
5.81 percent. Andhra Pradesh is currently the sixth-best state in the
hunger related indicators. With the sharp reduction in consumption-
country in terms of proportion of population under poverty line. Alt-
based poverty, the state will now throw its weight behind addressing
hough official figures had not been released post 2011-12, projections
multiple deprivations of poverty such as road connectivity, waste
for 2015 tell that poverty headcount ratio in the state has further
management, high-speed internet etc. The state is cognizant of the
dropped to 8.27 percent.
reality that happiness and wellbeing on its citizens is largely depend-
Poverty gap ratio is defined as the mean shortfall of the total popula-
ent on access to a comprehensive set of such basic amenities.
tion from the poverty line (counting the non-poor as having zero
shortfall), expressed as a percentage of the poverty line. Poverty gap
ratio in rural and urban areas has achieved significant positive

5
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Status Summary:
Target 3: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls growth of population than the expected rate may also be one of the
alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education reasons behind falling NER.
Indicators Values Target
As per the U-DISE 2014-15: Flash Statistics, while the NER at Pri-
Net Enrolment Ratio in primary
72.17 (2014-15) 100
education mary level for 2014-15, it has been observed that while the average
Proportion (%) of pupils starting
Grade 1 who reach Grade 5
100 (2014-15) 100 NER for India is 87.41, it is 88.41 for Tamil Nadu, 82.55 for Tel-
Literacy rate (%) of 15-24 year olds 87 (2011) 100 angana, 94.44 for Karnataka and 84.62 for Kerala.. However, the
retention rate, which represents the proportion of pupils starting grade
Education, especially primary education, is an intrinsic goal in itself 1 who reach grade 5, has almost achieved the target of 100 percent.
and at the same time an influential driver of progress towards other Retention Rate has shown an impressive improvement, from 85.36
MDGs. It is positively correlated with faster economic growth, and percent in 2009-10 to 100 percent in 2014-15. This indicates that
lower poverty and inequality. dropout during the primary level is nearly zero. The third indicator,
Latest data indicates that Andhra Pradesh is falling short of the tar- the literacy rate of 1524 year-olds, or youth literacy rate, is a proxy
gets for attaining universal primary enrolment and other indicators for the outcomes of a persons primary education. It is generally posi-
defined for education. Net Enrolment Ratio (NER), which is the ratio tively correlated with the universalisation of primary education. Lit-
of enrolled children in the primary age group to total number of chil- eracy rate in Andhra Pradesh has grown to 87 percent for people aged
dren in the same age group, has shown a decline from 81.78 in 2012- 15-24 as of 2011 census, from 74 percent in 2001. Literacy rates have
13 to 72.17 in 2014-15. NER for upper primary level is much lesser not been officially calculated post-2011 census. Though the improve-
and has fallen from 60.12 in 2012-13 to 58.2 in 2014-15. ment is commendable the state is still far away from universal adult
This downward trend, instead of an expected progress, is alarming literacy, which is a crucial factor in the future vision of the state.
and highlights the fact that large number of children are still out of Universal primary education cannot be achieved only with a good
school. Despite of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory retention rate. If children are not attending school in the first place,
Education Act (RTE) being in place, the situation of such high pro- the positive outcome of retention rate will be neutralised. Hence, the
portion of children not attending school is particularly appalling. focus area for Andhra Pradesh should be saturating the net enrolment
At the same time, it must be mentioned that NER is under-estimated and thereafter maintaining complete retention.
due to problems in measurement methodology. The declining rate of

6
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Status Summary:
Target 4
Eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably
by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than 2015
Indicators Values Target
Ratio of girls to boys in primary edu- 0.94 (2014-15) 1
cation
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary 1.01 (2011-12) 1
education
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary educa- 0.77 (2011-12) 1
tion
Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 0.92 (2011) 1
years old
Share of women in wage employment 22.9 (2011-12) 50
in the non-agriculture sector
Proportion of seats held by women in 10.3 (2015) 50
state legislature

Gender equality and female empowerment are presently recognised

as indispensable to key development outcomes. The education of
girls and women, a crucial component of empowerment, has a posi-
tive multiplier effect on human progress on a wide range of parame-
ters.
Andhra Pradesh is extremely close to achieving gender parity in pri-
mary education. Between 2011 and 2015, the ratio of girls to boys in
primary education has stayed between 0.94 and 0.95, close to the
accepted parity level of 0.97. With respect to upper primary educa-
tion, the ratio was 0.98 in 2011-12 and 0.95 in 2014-15.
For secondary and higher secondary education, combined, the ratio of
girls to boys has considerably improved from 0.82 in 2004-05 to
1.01, in 2011-12, falling well within the target range of 0.97 to 1.03.
Gender parity in tertiary education lags behind those in secondary
and primary levels. From 0.59 in 2004-05 it has improved only up to
0.77 in 2014-15. These figures point to the trend of girls/ women
dropping out of education after secondary level.
On the literacy front, the ratio of literate women to men aged 15-24
years has shown remarkable progress, from 0.79 in 2001 to 0.92 in
2011. This can be largely attributed to the higher enrolment at the
primary and secondary level.
With regard to employment, the share of women in wage in the non-
agriculture sector lags way behind the aspired target of 50 percent.
While the share was 23.5 in 2004-05, it has fallen marginally to 22.9
in 2011-12. Despite the realization that raising the participation of
women in the economy is crucial for the overall growth of the econo-
my, the failure to make significant progress in this direction will hurt
the states ambitious future vision on happiness and wellbeing
achieved through higher growth.
Finally, the indicator on peoples representation, which is the propor-
tion of seats held by women in state legislature, is much far from the
target of 50 percent. Only 10.3 percent of the members of the present
Andhra Pradesh state legislative assembly, which has a term of five
years from 2014 to 2019, are women.
As a whole, gender equality in education and literacy has made de-
cent progress, though most of the corresponding targets are yet to be
achieved. However, with respect to employment and representation in
state assembly, there is an urgent need to improve womens participa-
tion.

7
Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality
Status Summary:
Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under-five
Mortality Rate

Indicators Values Target

Under- five Mortality Rate (%) 41 33

Infant Mortality Rate (%) 35 23.33

Proportion of one year old children immunised

90.4 100
against measles (%)

Child mortality has been crucial indicator of the availability, use and
access of health systems by the population, especially children, as
well as a reference to their nutritional conditions.
Under-five Mortality Rate reflects the social, economic and environ-
mental conditions in which children (and others in society) live, in-
cluding the quality of health care. Andhra Pradesh achieved signifi-
cant progress in reducing Under-five Mortality Rate expressed as
number of deaths per 1,000 live births, in the recent past. From 63.2
in 2005, it has come down to 41 in 2015, close to the target of 33.
Infant Mortality Rate, also which is expressed as number of deaths
per 1,000 live births, has declined from 54 in 2007 to 39 in 2015,
against the target of 23.33.
The proportion of one-year-old children immunised against measles
in Andhra Pradesh has increased considerably over the years. In 2005
-06, about 70 percent of the target group was immunised. Consider-
ing the fact that vaccination coverage of above 90 percent is required
to stop transmission of the virus, Andhra Pradesh accelerated its ef-
forts and was consequently projected to achieve 100 percent immun-
isation in 2015.

8
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Status Summary:
Target 6: Reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the
Maternal Morality Ratio
Indicators Values Target

Maternal Mortality Ratio 85.18 74.4

Proportion of births attended by

100 100
skilled health personnel

Maternal health is equally important for the mother and the child.
Evidence from across the world shows that a child whose mother dies
during childbirth is highly unlikely to survive. Maternal Mortality
Ratio has been used an indicator of the capacity of health systems to
provide effective health care in preventing and addressing the com-
plications occurring during pregnancy and childbirth.
During 2004-06, the Maternal Mortality Ratio of Andhra Pradesh,
expressed as number of deaths per 1,00,000 live births, stood at 154.
By 2015, it was projected to be less than half, at 74.4. Though the
target of 85.18 could not be achieved, the state has undoubtedly
achieved remarkable progress in improving maternal health.
Assistance by properly trained health personnel during pregnancy and
childbirth is key to management of complications and lowering ma-
ternal deaths. The state has performed better in ensuring that more
births are attended by skilled personnel. The proportion of births
attended by skilled personnel was 75.6 in 2007-08 but was estimated
to reach saturation stage (100) by 2015.

9
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other Diseases
Status Summary:
Target 7: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of
HIV/AIDS
Indicators Values Target
HIV prevalence among pregnant 0.51 Reverse
women aged 15-24 years (2012-13) prevalence
Condom use rate of the contra-
ceptive prevalence rate among 0.2 (2015-
--
currently married women aged 16)
15-49 years
Percentage of population aged 15-
24 years with comprehensive 43 --
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Target 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of
malaria and other major diseases
Indicators Values Target
Malaria Incidence Rate- people
affected by Malaria as a percent- 27.8 (2014) --
age of total population
Proportion of tuberculosis cases
81.7 (2013) --
detected and cured under DOTS
Death rate associated with Tuber-
6.4 (2012) --
culosis

Indicators for monitoring the HIV epidemic and the impact of inter-
ventions are crucial. Changes in HIV prevalence reflect changes in
the rate of new infections (HIV incidence). Trends in HIV preva-
lence for young age groups are considered to better reflect a coun-
trys overall trend in HIV incidence and risk behaviour.
Prevalence among pregnant women aged 15-24 years is the major
chosen indicator to track progress in addressing the threat of HIV.
Since about 40 per cent of all new HIV cases are among people 15 to
24 years old, this indicator is especially important. From 1.59 percent
in 2005, Andhra Pradesh has seen reduction in the value of this indi-
cator to 0.51 percent in 2012-13. The target set was to reverse preva-
lence; and the state has experienced both reversal and slight increase
during the above period.
Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence rate among current-
ly married women aged 15-49 years is another crucial indicator to
measure progress in addressing HIV. From 0.7 percent in 1992-93,
the rate has fallen to 0.2 percent in 2015-16. This is not a positive
development, as condom is considered one of the safest contraceptive
against HIV.
The third indicator on HIV is the percentage of population with com-
prehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS. This indicator reflects
the success of information, education, and communication pro-
grammes and other efforts in promoting knowledge of valid HIV
prevention methods, and in reducing misconceptions about the dis-
ease and ultimately decreasing the risk of transmission. From 18
percent in 2001, the value of the indicator has climbed to 43 percent
in 2015, which stands as an evidence to the states successful efforts
in creating awareness among its population regarding HIV.
Malaria is a threat to global health, especially in many of the devel-
oping countries. However, Andhra Pradesh has significantly reduced
malaria incidence in the recent decades. Malaria incidence per lakh
population has fallen in the state from 45 in 2011 to 27.8 in 2014.
The death rate associated with the disease has remained almost zero
percent across the recent years.

10
Detecting tuberculosis and curing it are key interventions for address-
ing poverty and inequality in many countries and therefore finds
place in the MDG framework. Directly Observed Treatment Short
(DOTS) course is a WHO-recommended strategy for treatment of
tuberculosis. Under DOTS in Andhra Pradesh, 87 percent of the reg-
istered cases were cured in 2008. In 2013, the figure was reduced to
81.7. The death rate associated with tuberculosis has dropped, from
7.3 percent per lakh population in 2009 to 6.4 in 2012. A similar
trend is observed in the case of tuberculosis incidence rate, which has
fallen from 78.6 in 2011 to 73.2 in 2013.

11
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Status Summary
gests that the state is fast progressing in the right direction. Further-
Target 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country
policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources more, the state government is committed to provide safe drinking
Indicators Values Target water and sanitation facilities to its population in saturation mode by
Proportion of land area covered 22.51 2019. Additionally, the gas grid being set up by the state will ensure
--
by forests (2014-15)
Ratio of area protected to main- clean cooking fuel for every household in the near future.
tain biological diversity to 3 (2013-14) --
surface area Slum population as a percentage of urban population is a key indica-
Improve from tor measuring the adequacy of the basic human need for shelter.
982
Per capita energy consumption 802.3 (2006-07
(2015-16) Overcrowding, inadequate housing, lack of improved water and im-
value)
Proportion of households using
solid fuels
38 (2015) -- proved sanitation are associated with health risks and are often detri-
Target 10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable mental to human and economic development. As a percentage of
access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Indicators Values Target
urban population, slum population in the state has grown in Andhra
Proportion of population with Pradesh between the last two Censuses. From 34.9 percent in 2001, it
access to improved water 72.7 (2015) 77.75 stands at 38.3 percent as of 2011.
source
Proportion of population with
53.6 (2015) 54
access to improved sanitation
Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the
lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
Slum Population percentage of Reduce from
38.3 (2011)
urban population 34.9 (2001 value)

It is critical to manage the natural resources base and ecosystems

sustainably to ensure that peoples food requirements and other so-
cial, economic, and environmental needs are adequately met. Climate
change, conflicts over access to resources, and increased water scar-
city all pose a threat to not only environmental sustainability, but also
food security. Hence, environmental sustainability has an important
place in the MDG development agenda.
Proportion of land area covered by forest is one of the major indica-
tors for Goal 7. Forests fulfil a number of functions that are vital for
humanity, including the provision of wood and non-wood forest
products; and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon seques-
tration, coastal protection and soil and water conservation. During the
period between 2005-06 and 2014-15, land area as a proportion of
total land for Andhra Pradesh has increased from 21.64 to 22.51 per-
cent. The area of protected land has remained constant in the state in
the recent past. Between 2009-10 and 2013-14, the ratio of protected
land to total surface area has remained at 3 percent.
Per capita energy consumption (electricity) has shown varying trends
in the state. Between 2006-07 and 2015-16, it has seen an increase
from 802.38 kWh to 982 kWh, hitting 1065.46 kWh in 2010-11.
The proportion of households using solid fuels is a proxy indicator of
poverty and health status. The state has achieved commendable pro-
gress in reducing household usage of solid fuels in the recent years.
From 61.1 percent in 2011, the figure has been significantly reduced
to 38 percent in 2015.
The state has accomplished consistent improvement with regard to
access to improved water source and sanitation. The proportion of
population with sustainable access to an improved water source has
climbed from 50.26 percent in 2011 to 72.7 percent in 2015. Similar
trend can be observed in the case of proportion of population with
access to improved sanitation, which has increased from 46 percent
in 2011 to 53.6 percent in 2015. The considerable improvement sug

12
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Status Summary
Target 18: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the
benefits of new technologies, especially information and communica-
tion
Indicators Values

Telephone line subscribers per 100 population 79.47 (2014)

Cellular subscribers per 100 population 87.2 (2015)

Internet subscribers per 100 population 26.1 (2015)

The Eighth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 8) covers a global

partnership for development in areas including aid, trade, debt relief,
drugs, and ICTs. The Indian MDG framework had adopted modern
connectivity as a major measure of achievement in this area.
Telephone line subscribers per 100 population in the state has drasti-
cally increased from 4.93 in 2002 to 79.47 in 2014. Though fixed
lines are becoming less popular in the present owing to the expansion
of mobile networks, it is still a critical infrastructure indicator.
The number of cellular subscribers in the Andhra Pradesh circle has
drastically increased from 42.5 lakh in 2005 to 7.43 crore in 2015.
This implies that the number of cellular subscribers per 100 popula-
tion has increased from 5.36 in 2005 to 87.2 in 2015.
The number of internet subscribers also has seen tremendous growth.
From 2.35 lakh in 2002, it has grown almost 100 times, to 2.21 crore
in 2015. In the era when internet is considered as a basic need, its
expansion is the state is a timely and positive development.

13
Appendix 1: MDGs - Status of Performance of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh AP- Rank

Year of
Indicator Unit among 20 big
Target Achievement achievement
states (year)
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
Poverty Head Count Ratio (percentage of popu- 2015
percent 24.87 8.27 4 (2015)
lation below the national poverty line) (projected)
Poverty Gap Ratio in rural areas (MRP con- Reduce from 6.9
- 1.6 2011-12 4 (2011-12)
sumption distribution) (2004-05 value)
Poverty Gap Ratio in urban areas (MRP con- Reduce from 4.8
- 0.87 2011-12 3 (2011-12)
sumption distribution) (2004-05 value)
Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Improve from 9.8
percent 10.6 2011-12 10 (2011-12)
(MRP), rural (2009-10 value)
Share of poorest quintile in national consumption Improve from 7.5
percent 8.7 2011-12 5 (2011-12)
(MRP), urban (2009-10 value)
Target 2: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Prevalence of underweight children under three 2015
percent 22.21 22.17 5 (2015)
years of age (projected)
Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education
Target 3: Ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary education
Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education percent 100 72.17# 2014-15 16 (2013-14)
Proportion of pupils starting Grade 1 who reach #
percent 100 99.75 2014-15 7 (2013-14)
Grade 5
Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds percent 100 87.02 2011 12 (2011)
Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women
Target 4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary, secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education, no later than
2015
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education - 1 0.94# 2014-15 9 (2013-14)
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education - 1 1.01 2011-12 8 (2011-12)
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education - 1 0.78 2012-13 17 (2012-13)
Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old - 1 0.92 2011 9 (2011)
Proportion of seats held by women in state legis-
percent 50 10.3 2014 3 (2013)
lature
Share of women in wage employment in the non-
percent 50 22.9 2011-12 4 (2011-12)
agricultural sector
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Target 5: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the Under-five Mortality Rate
Under- Five Mortality Rate - 33 41# 2015 8 (2013)
Infant Mortality Rate - 23.33 35# 2015 11 (2013)
Proportion of one year old children immunised 2015
percent 100 100 1 (2015)
against measles (projected)
Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health
Target 6: Reduce by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Morality Ratio
2015
Maternal Mortality Ratio - 74.4 85.18 4 (2015)
(projected)
Proportion of births attended by skilled health 2015
percent 100 100 1 (2015)
personnel (projected)
Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases
Target 7: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Reverse prevalence 1 (2011)
Estimated adult HIV prevalence (15-49 years of
percent from 0.91 (2008 0.75 2011 (highest preva-
age)
value) lence)
Reverse prevalence
HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged
percent from 1.52 (2004 0.51 2012-13 19 (2012-13)
15-24 years
value)
Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence
Improve from 0.7
rate among currently married women aged 15-49 percent 0.2# 2015-16 20 (2005-06)
(1992-93 value)
years

14
Appendix 1: MDGs - Status of Performance of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh AP- Rank

Year of
Indicator Unit among 20 big
Target Achievement achievement
states (year)
Condom use at last high risk sex- proportion of
Improve from 63.9
population aged 15-24 who used condom during percent 89 2009 4 (2006)
(2006 value)
last sex with a non-regular partner
Percentage of population with comprehensive Improve from 18
percent 43# 2015-16 10 (2006)
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (2001 value)
Target 8: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Reverse incidence
2014
Malaria Incidence Rate per lakh from 179.26 (1996 27.8 11 (2014)
(provisional)
value)
Reverse from 0.02 2014
Death rate associated with malaria per lakh 0 1 (2014)
(1996 value) (provisional)
Proportion of tuberculosis cases cured under Increase from 87
percent 81.7 2013 4 (2013)
DOTS (2008 value)
Reverse from 7.3
Death rate associated with tuberculosis per lakh 6.4 2012 14 (2012)
(2009 value)
Reverse from 78.6
Tuberculosis Incidence Rate per lakh 73.2 2013 14 (2013)
(2011 value)
Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability
Target 9: Integrate the principle of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental
resources
Reverse loss from
Proportion of land area covered by forest percent 21.64 (2001-02 22.51# 2014-15 8 (2013)
value)
Improve from 802.3
Per capita energy consumption kWh 982# 2015-16 8 (2011-12)
(2006-07 value)
Reduce from 61.1
Proportion of the households using solid fuels percent 38# 2015-16 -
(2011 value)

Target 10: Halve, by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Proportion of population with sustainable access

percent 77.75 72.7# 2015-16 18 (2012)
to an improved water source
Proportion of population with access to im-
percent 54 53.6# 2015-16 10 (2012)
proved sanitation
Target 11: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
1 (2011)
Slum population as percentage of urban popula- Reduce from 34.9
percent 38.3# 2011 (highest pro-
tion (2001 value)
portion)
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development
Target 18: In co-operation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communi-
cation
Improve from 4.93
Telephone line subscribers per 100 population percent 79.47 2014 9 (2014)
(2002 value)
Improve from 2.35
Number of internet subscribers number 2.21 crore 2015 **
(2002 value)
Improve from 0.3
Internet subscribers per 100 population number 26.1 2015 **
(2002 value)

15
Appendix -2: MDGs- AP's Performance Data Sources
Graph
Poverty headcount ratio (%)
Prevalence of underweight children under three
years of age (%)
Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education
Primary Retention Rate (%)
Literacy rate of 15-24 years old (%)
Ratio of girls to boys in primary education
Ratio of girls to boys in secondary and higher
secondary education
Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education
Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old
Share of women in wage employment in the
non- agricultural sector (%)
Under-five Mortality Rate
Infant Mortality Rate
Proportion of one year old children immunised
againt measles (%)
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Proportion of births attended by skilled health
personnel (%)
HIV prevalence among pregnant women aged
15-24 years (%)
Condom use rate of the contraceptive prevalence
rate among currently married women aged 15-49
years (%)
Percentage of population with comprehensive
correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS (%)
Malaria Incidence Rate (per lakh population)
Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and
cured under DOTS (%)
Death rate associated with tuberculosis (per lakh
population)
Proportion of land area covered by forest (%)
Per capita energy consumption (electricity)
(kWh)
Data source(s)
MDG India country report 2015: table 1.1 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 1.4 in appendix
Elementary education in India- Flash statistics (DISE 2013-14): page 39
Elementary education- Andhra Pradesh report card 2014-15: page 7
MDG India country report 2015: table 2.4 in appendix
Elementary education in India- Flash statistics (DISE 2013-14): page 38
Elementary education- Andhra Pradesh report card 2014-15: page 6
MDG India country report 2011: table 5.3 in page 43
MDG India country report 2015: table 2.5 in appendix
Elementary education in India- Flash statistics (DISE 2013-14): page 31
Elementary education- Andhra Pradesh report card 2014-15: page 7
MDG India country report 2015: table 3.4 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 3.4 in appendix
AISHE 2014-15: table 12 in page T-24
MDG India country report 2011: table 4A in page 8 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 3.5 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 3.6 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 4.1 in appendix
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
MDG India country report 2015: table 4.3 in appendix
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
MDG India country report 2015: table 4.5 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 5.1 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 5.6 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 6.6 in appendix
MDG India country report 2015: table 6.7 in appendix
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
National Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2006: table 4.19 in page 65
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 4
MDG India country report 2015: table 6.8 in appendix
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 314, 23/11/2012
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 2951, 13/03/2015
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 314, 23/11/2012
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 205, 22/02/2013
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 1387, 18/07/2014
Data provided by DES
Rajya Sabha unstarred question no. 2908, 21/04/2008
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 947, 10/07/2009
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 1753, 19/11/2010
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 7059, 18/05/2012
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 2850, 14/03/2013
Power and Energy Division, Planning Commission
The Hindu Business Line, 25/04/2016
16
Appendix -2: MDGs- AP's Performance Data Sources
Chart name
Proportion of households using solid cooking fuels
(%)
Proportion of population with sustainable access to
an improved water source (within premises) (%)
Proportion of population with access to improved
sanitation (%)
Slum population as a percentage of urban population
(%)
Telephone lines subscribers per 100 population
Number of internet subscribers (lakh)
Data source(s)
Data given by DES based on 2011 Census
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
Author's calculations based on 2011 Census data
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
Data provided by DES based on 2011 Census
NFHS-4 AP fact sheet: page 2
Report of the Committee on Slum Statistics/ Census- Ministry of Housing and
Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India: table 2A in page 30
Author's calculations based on 2011 Census data
Rajya Sabha unstarred question no. 1733, 18/12/2003
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 244, 10/08/2005
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 239, 13/08/2007
MDG India country report 2015: table 8.1 in appendix
Rajya Sabha unstarred question no. 1733, 18/12/2003
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 425, 14/03/2012
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 4636, 11/08/2014
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 416, 25/02/2015
Lok Sabha unstarred question no. 329, 12/08/2015
17