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HocExcel PDF
HocExcel PDF
2. Mn hnh
a - Cc thnh phn ca mn hnh Excel
Mn hnh ca Excel l mt ca s c phng to v trng gn ging
mn hnh ca Word, bao gm cc thnh phn sau :
- Thanh tiu (Title bar) : dng trn cng ca mn hnh, khi mi khi
ng Excel ti y ghi Microsoft Excel - Book1, khi ta t tn cho bng
tnh, tn ny km theo phn m rng . XLS s thay th t Book1.
- Cc thanh Menu, Cng c, nh dng ging nh ca Word. Phn ln cc
biu tng trn cc thanh ny c cng dng ngha nh trong Word,
ngha ca mt s biu tng dng ring cho Excel c ghi trn trang 3.
- Thanh Cng thc (Formula Bar) : l dng th nm ca mn hnh hin th
to (a ch hoc tn) , nt hu b :, nt la chn ;, ni dung d
liu trong hin ti ( c khung vin chung quanh)
- Thanh Trng thi (Status bar) : l dng cui cng hin th cc ch hot
ng ca Excel :
Ready : ang sn sng lm vic.
Enter : ang nhp d liu hay cng thc.
Pointer : ang ghi cng thc tham chiu n mt a ch.
Edit : ang iu chnh d liu hay cng thc trong hin ti
- Thanh th tn bng tnh (Sheet tabs) : l dng ngay trn thanh Trng thi,
hin th tn ca cc bng tnh (khi chng cha c t tn, ti y ghi
Sheet1, Sheet2, ..., Sheet16). Bn tri l cc nt chuyn ti cc bng tnh.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 2
- Thanh cun Dc (Vertical Scroll Bar), cun Ngang (Horizontal Scroll Bar)
ging nh trong Word.
- Ca s Bng tnh (Worksheet Window) l phn ln nht dng nhp d
liu, tnh ton, v th nh sau :
Hp Tn (a ch)
Nt chn ton b bng tnh Tn ct
Con tr
S th t hng
Mc in
Nt chuyn ti bng tnh Th tn bng tnh
3. Ra khi Excel
theo mt trong cc cch sau :
- Chn File, Exit hoc
- n Alt + F4
- Nhy p chut ti du tr gc tri trn ca
mn hnh tr v Windows 3.x.
- Nhy vo du : trn cng gc phi ca mn
hnh tr v Windows 95.
Font Color : Mu ch
Color : Mu nn
Borders : ng vin
Decrease Decimal : Bt i 1s thp phn
Increase Decimal : Tng thm 1s th.p.
Nt gi hm
Nt hu b ni dung va g Nt in ni dung va g
*
Con s ny c th khc, tu thuc vo vic chn Tools, Options, Recently Used Files
List
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 6
n Tab n
- OK
- s dng :
- nhp mt gi tr c trong danh sch t to vo u
- in t ng ti cui min (xem cch in t ng trang 9).
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 11
4. Sa, xo d liu
a - Xo
- a con tr v hoc chn min cn thit
- n phm Delete
b - Sa : Lm theo mt trong hai cch sau :
- Nhy p chut ti (hoc n phm F2), ni dung ca xut hin ti
v ti thanh cng thc, a con tr bn phm v ch cn thit v sa.
Ta nn bm chut ti thanh cng thc v sa ti , sa xong chn k
hiu ; (hoc n ) ghi li, chn : (hoc n Esc) hu b mi sa
i.
- Nhp d liu mi cho , sau n phm
5. Cc thao tc vi khi
Khi l mt min ch nht trn bng tnh.
a - nh du (chn) khi
- Tr chut vo mt gc ca khi, bm nt tri ng thi ko chut v gc
i din theo ng cho
hoc
- a con tr v mt gc ca khi, gi phm Shift ng thi s dng cc
phm mi tn a con tr v gc i din theo ng cho.
Ch : Sau khi c chn, ton b khi, tr gc xut pht, i mu.
Cc phng php c bit :
+ Khi l mt min lin tc :
Chn khi bt k : a con tr v gc tri trn ca khi, gi phm
n Ctrl + Du cch.
Chn mt hng : n nt tri chut ti s th t ca hng (cc s
tnh (bn tri ct A pha trn hng 1) hoc n t hp phm Ctrl + Shift
+ du cch
+ Chn cc ri rc : a con tr ti u nh chn, gi Ctrl v bm nt
tri chut ti cc nh chn tip theo.
+ Khi l cc min ri rc : Chn vng u, gi Ctrl,bm nt tri v r
chut ti cc min khc.
V d : chn c cc min nh hnh di y, ta lm theo cc bc
sau :
- Chn min lin tc B2:C3
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 14
Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi
thay i rng ct C
Ko v th vch ny ti v tr mi
thay i chiu cao hng 4
:
- Chn khi l cc ti v tr cn chn (nh v d di y l cc
C3:D4), cn thm bao nhiu ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Insert, Cells. xut hin hp thoi Insert
Chn
- Shift Cells Right : y cc c chn sang phi
- Shift Cells Left : y cc c chn xung di
- OK hoc : thc hin lnh
c - Xo ct, hng,
Ct : - Chn khi l tn cc ct (cc ch A, B, ...) ti v tr cn xo,
cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Edit, Delete.
Hng : - Chn khi l s th t cc hng (cc s 1, 2, ...) ti v tr cn
xo, cn xo bao nhiu ct ta chn by nhiu.
- Chn Edit, Delete.
: - Chn khi l cc cn xo.
- Chn Edit, Delete.
Xut hin hp thoi Delete
Chn
- Shift Cells Left : chuyn d liu ca cc
bn phi sang vng b xo
- Shift Cells Up : chuyn d liu ca cc
pha di ln vng b xo.
- Entire Row : xo ton b cc hng cha vng c chn.
- Entire Column : xo ton b cc ct cha vng c chn.
- OK hoc : thc hin lnh
d - Chuyn hng thnh ct v ngc li
Gi s cn chuyn d liu ang c xp thnh ct trong cc A2:A6
thnh hng ti cc C3:F3, ta lm nh sau :
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 17
A B C D E F G
1
2 STT
3 Tn STT Tn Ton Tin Anh
4 Ton
5 Tin
6 Anh
7. nh dng d liu
a - nh dng k t
- Chn min d liu cn nh dng, sau
Dng chut
- Chn mt c ch t hp Size
- Trong Font Style chn Italic in nghing, chn Bold in m,
chn Bold Italic in va nghing va m, chn Regular k t tr
li bnh thng.
- Trong Underline chn mt kiu gch chn : None (b gch chn),
Single (gch bng nt n), Double (gch bng nt i), Single
Accounting (gch bng nt n kiu ti chnh n cui mp phi ca
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 19
Cn mt tiu vo
gia nhiu
Cn vo gia
V d : c tiu nh di y, ta lm nh sau :
A B C D E F G H I K L M
1 i hc m hn cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
2 khoa cntt c lp - T do - Hnh phc
3
Ti A1 g i hc m hn
Ti A2 g khoa cntt
Chn min A1:D2, chn biu tng (cn vo gia nhiu )
Ti E1 g cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
Ti E2 g c lp - T do - Hnh phc
Chn min E1:K2, chn biu tng Cn vo gia nhiu
Dng Menu cn c theo c chiu ngang ln chiu dc
- Format, Cells. Xut hin hp thoi Format Cells
- Chn Aligment
Cc thng s dng hng ca d liu trong bao gm :
Horizontal : theo chiu ngang
General: K t c cn v bn tri, s c cn sang phi, cc gi tr
logic v li c cn vo gia.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 21
e - T mu
- Format, Cells, Patterns
- Chn Patterns t mu nn.
- Chn Color t mu t.
f - nh dng t ng
Excel c sn mt s khun mu c s dng nh dng. Cc bc
nh sau :
- Chn vng d liu cn nh dng
- Format, AutoFormat
8. t tn cho
t tn cho hay nhm c tc dng sau :
- Tn d c, d nh. Nh v d trn trang 11, tn "TongLuong" d hiu
v d nh hn cng thc =SUM(E2:E7).
- Khi gn tn c th tham chiu ti hay nhm bng tn, v d trong
F2 ta c th thay a ch $E$8 bng tn TongLuong.
- Vic di chuyn v mt (hay min) c t tn tr nn nhanh chng
v thun tin.
Tn phi bt u bi ch ci hoc du _ (ni di), \ (s cho ngc),
c di nhiu nht l 255 k t v khng c cha du cch. d
c, cc ch ci u mi t trong tn nn vit hoa, v d TongLuong hay
ni cc t bng du _ (ni di), v d Bang_Tra_Cuu. Khng nn g du
ting Vit trong tn.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 23
Nhy chut ti
y chn tn
b - Xem / Sa / Xo cc ghi ch
- Nu cn xem ghi ch ca mt : ch vic r chut vo , mt khung
vi ni dung ghi ch xut hin. tt khung ny : r chut sang khc.
- sa hay xo mt ghi ch : m hp thoi CellNote
- Chn ghi ch cn thit trong khung Note In Sheet
- Tin hnh sa ni dung ca ghi ch trong khung Text Note. xo ghi
ch : chn Delete
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 26
10. Bo v
Trong mt s trng hp, gii hn quyn s dng ca ngi khc, v
d : khng cho h sa i mt s ny hay xem cng thc mt s khc
.v.v.. hy s dng tnh nng bo v v che du . Cch lm nh sau :
- Chn hay nhm cn bo v.
- Chn mc Format / Cells / Protection.
- Trong hp thoi nh du chn vo
Locked : kho khng cho sa i
Hidden : che du cng thc
- OK
Sau cn phi bo v bng tnh th nhng thit lp trn mi c tc
dng. Xem phn 7. Bo v bng tnh trang 6.
Database : Hm C s d liu
Text : Hm x l k t
Logical : Hm Logic
Information : Cc hm Thng tin v , v bng tnh .v.v.
2 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Category. Khi di chuyn thanh
sng n nhm no, Excel s lit k cc hm ca nhm theo th t
ch ci trong khung Function Name.
3 -Chn nhm hm trong khung Function Name
4 -Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard lit k cng dng,
khung cc tham bin cn nhp, khung cha gi tr kt qu ca hm ...
c - Dng Menu
- Chn mc Insert, Function. Xut hin hp thoi Function Wizard
- Cc bc cn li ging nh khi chn biu tng fx (trang )
3. Mt s hm thng dng
3.1. Hm ngy thng
DATE(year,month,day)
Ch ra ngy dng s ng vi ngy thng nm.
V d : =DATE(04,09,27) tr v 27-09-04
DAY(date)
S ngy trong thng ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =DAY(27-09-04) tr v 27
=DAY("27-Sep") tr v 27
MONTH(date)
S thng trong nm ca bin ngy thng date.
V d : =MONTH(27-09-04) tr v 9
=MONTH("27-Sep") tr v 9
Time(hour, minute, second)
Ch ra thi gian dng s.
V d : =TIME(19,5,14) tr v 19:05:14 hoc 7:05 PM
WEEKDAY(date)
Ch ra s th t ca ngy trong tun ca bin ngy thng date (Th Hai
l ngy th 1, Th Ba l ngy th 2, ..., Ch Nht l ngy th 7)
V d : =WEEKDAY(27-09-04) tr v 6
YEAR(date)
S nm ca bin ngy thng date.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 30
V d : =YEAR(27-09-04) tr v 2004
3.2. Hm k t
EXACT(text1, text2)
Nhn gi tr TRUE hay FALSE ph thuc vo hai chui text1 v text2
c ging ht nhau hay khng.
V d : =EXACT("EXCEL","EXCEL") tr v TRUE
=EXACT("EXCEL","Excel") tr v FALSE
FIND(find_text, text, atnum)
V tr ca chui con (Find_text) trong chui ln (text ) bt u t v tr
atnum, nu b qua atnum n c cho bng 1. Hm ny phn bit ch HOA
v thng
V d : =FIND("e","Excel 5.0") tr v 4
=FIND("E","Excel 5.0") tr v 1
=FIND("A","Excel 5.0") tr v #VALUE! (li)
FIXED(number, decimal, no_commas)
Chuyn s (number) thnh chui dng c nh vi decimal s thp
phn. Nu khng ghi decimal s cho 2 ch s thp phn. Nu no_commas
l FALSE (hoc khng ghi), chui in ra s c du ngn cch nghn triu
nh v d 1, nu no_commas l TRUE, chui in ra s khng c du ngn
cch ngn triu nh v d 2 (ch v d ny c 2 du phy)
V d : A1 cha s 12345.6789, khi
=FIXED(A1,3) tr v 12 345.679
=FIXED(A1, ,TRUE) tr v 12345.68
LEFT(text, number)
Ly number k t bn tri ca text.
V d : =LEFT("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v Excel
LEN(text)
di ca chui k t text.
V d : =LEN("Excel 5.0", 5) tr v 9
LOWER(text)
Chuyn text thnh ch thng.
V d : =LOWER("EXCEL") tr v excel
MID(text, numstart, numchar)
Tr li numchar k t ca text bt u t v tr numstart.
V d : =MID("Excel for Windows",11,3) tr v Win
PROPER(text)
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 31
3.3. Hm ton hc
ABS(x) : Gi tr tuyt i ca s x.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 32
3.4. Hm Logic
AND(logic1,logic2,..)
Nhn gi tr TRUE (ng) nu tt c cc biu thc logic1, logic2,... u
l TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE (Sai) nu c t nht mt i s l FALSE
V d : =AND(5>3,6>4) tr v TRUE
=AND(5>3,6<=4) tr v FALSE
FALSE( )
Cho gi tr logic FALSE.
IF(logical_test,value_if_true,value_if_false)
Tr li gi tr ghi trong value_if_true nu logical_test l TRUE v gi tr
ghi trong value_if_false trong trng hp ngc li. Hm IF c th lng
nhau n 7 cp.
V d : Gi s trong B4 ghi tui ca mt ngi, khi cng thc
= IF(B4>=16,"Ngi ln","Tr em") cho kt qu l Ngi ln
nu tui t 16 tr ln, l Tr em nu tui di 16
kim tra xem D2 cha s no dng
= IF(D2>0,"S dng", IF(D2=0,"S khng",S m"))
NOT(logic) : hm ph nh.
V d : = NOT(1+1>2) tr v TRUE
= NOT(1+1=2) tr v FALSE
OR(logic1,logic2,...)
Nhn gi tr TRUE nu mt trong cc biu thc logic1,logic2,.. l
TRUE, nhn gi tr FALSE nu tt c cc biu thc l FALSE.
V d : =OR(5>3,6<=4) tr v TRUE
=OR(5<3,6<=4) tr v FALSE
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 35
3.5. Hm thng k
AVERAGE(num1, num2,..)
Tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s num1, num2,...
V d : =AVERAGE(10,8,9,3) tr v 7.5
COUNT(a ch) : tnh s cc d liu kiu s trong min a ch
V d : Cc t A1 n E5 cha cc gi tr sau :
A B C D E
1 STT Tn sch S lng n gi Thnh tin
2 1 Excel 5.0 10 15000 150000
3 2 Word 6.0 15 14000 210000
4 3 Access 5 12000 60000
5 Cng 30 420000
khi , cng thc
= COUNT(A1:E5) tr v 14
COUNTA(DC)
Tnh s cc khng rng trong vng DC.
V d : = COUNTA(A1:E5) tr v 23
(c 2 rng l A5 v D5)
LARGE(DC,k) : Phn t ln th k trong vng DC.
V d : = LARGE(E1:E5,1) tr v 420000
= LARGE(E1:E5,3) tr v 150000
MAX(num1,num2,..) : gi tr ln nht ca cc s num1,num2,..
V d : = MAX(E1:E5) tr v 420000
MIN(num1,num2,..) : gi tr nh nht ca cc s num1,num2,..
V d : = MIN(E1:E5) tr v 60000
MODE(DC) : tr li gi tr hay gp nht trong vng DC.
V d : = MODE(1,2,4,5,2) tr v 2
RANK(s, Danh sch, Tu chn) : xc nh th hng ca s so vi chui
cc s trong danh sch, tc l xem s ng th my trong chui s
- xp gim dn nu khng c Tu chn hoc Tu chn bng 0 (V d 1).
- xp tng dn nu Tu chn l mt s ln hn 0 (V d 2).
a ch ca Danh sch phi l tuyt i.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 36
col_index_num l 2 v cn ly gi tr ca ct Loi, ct ny c s th t l
2 trong min $C$14: $D$19.
range_lookup l 1 hoc TRUE u c, c th b qua tham bin ny
- Ti G3 in vo cng thc = VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2) ta nhn
c Trung bnh
- Copy cng thc G3 xung cc t G4 n G12, Excel s xp loi cho
cc hc sinh cn li.
A B C D E F G
2 TT Tn Ton Tin Trung bnh Xp th Xp loi
3 1 Hng 4 7 5.5
4 2 Bnh 6 8 7.0 Kh
5 3 Vn 8 9 8.5
= VLOOKUP(E3,$C$14: $D$19,2)
Gii
6 4 Bnh 9 10 9.5 Xut sc
7 5 Doanh 5 8 6.5 Trung bnh
8 6 Loan 5 4 4.5 Km
9 7 Anh 9 6 7.5 Kh
10 8 Thu 3 5 4.0 Km
11 9 Khnh 6 7 6.5 Trung bnh
12 10 Ngn 10 8 9.0 Gii
13
14 im Loi
15 0 Km
16 5 Trung bnh
17 7 Kh
18 8.5 Gii
19 9.5 Xut sc
20
21 im 0 5 7 8.5 9.5
22 Loi Km Trung bnh Kh Gii Xut sc
hlookup(lookup_value, table_array,
row_index_num,range_lookup)
Hm ny hot ng ging nh hm VLOOKUP, im khc l :
Lookup_value Gi tr c tm kim trn hng u tin ca Table_array
Table_array Vng tm kim vit thnh hng
Row_index_num S th t hng trong table_array, ni HLOOKUP s ly
gi tr tr v
- Trong min A21: F22 ta g vo thang im trn di dng hng, ch
ch g vo cn di (theo chiu tng) ca mi loi.
Nh vy :
lookup_value l E3 (im Trung bnh ca hc sinh th 1)
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 38
3.7. Hm C s d liu
Xem mc IX. 4. Cc hm CSDL (trang 55)
v. th
Kh nng biu din s liu bng th ca Excel rt phong ph. Cc
biu c ci t trn bng tnh tng thm sc hp dn v thuyt phc
ca s liu.
1. Cc bc to th mi
1 - Chn min d liu cn a vo v th, v d B2:F6, ch chn c
hng tiu 1992, 1993,... v ct tn cc bng tnh lm nhn cho
th.
2. Thit lp li th
1 -Chn th bng cch tr chut vo trong lng n v bm nt tri.
Xut hin khung bao quanh th vi cc chm vung cc gc v
gia cc cnh.
3. Chnh sa th
a - Chnh sa cc i tng :
1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch
nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung hoc mt ca s ring.
2 - sa kiu th chn Format, Chart Type
sa cc i tng khc, nhy p ti i tng cn thit (v d tiu
chung ca th), xut hin khung ch nht vi chm vung ti
cc gc v gia cc cnh. Chn Format. Ni dung mc u tin ca
menu dc tu thuc vic trc i tng no c chn, nh
trong v d ny l Select Chart Title (tiu ca th). Chn mc
ny v tin hnh cc chnh sa cn thit.
Cn
Thay i kch thc Tr chut vo chm vung sao cho xut hin
mi tn 2 u, ko v th n ti v tr mi.
Chuyn i tng Tr chut vo mt cnh sao cho xut hin ,
ko v th n ti v tr mi.
Xo mt i tng n phm Delete
Kt thc sa Tr chut vo vng ngoi th bm nt tri.
b - B sung / b ng k li :
1 -Tr chut vo trong lng th v nhy p, xut hin khung ch
nht c cnh l cc sc cho vi chm vung.
2 -Chn Insert, Gridlines. nh du chn vo cc cn thit b sung
cc ng k li, b du chn hu b cc ng ny:
Major Gridlines ng k chnh
Minor Gridlines ng k ph
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 43
3. Chn Sildes
4. Chn OK (hoc n ). Xut hin mn hnh Slides1
*
Nu khng xut hin hp thoi ny, ta chn mc Tools, Add-In, sau nh du chn
vo mc Slideshow Template (nu mc ny c, nu khng, phi ci b sung tnh nng
ny cho Excel).
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 44
1. To mt kiu trnh by mi
- a con tr v (hoc chn min) cn to, nu l bng tnh mi a con
tr v A1.
- Chn mc Format, Style. Xut hin hp thoi Style
3 - Dng con tr chut chn (bi en) nhm cn nh dng theo kiu
trnh by.
p dng mt kiu trnh by cho cc min ri rc (cch xa nhau),
bc 2 ta cn n i nt chut ti biu tng Format Painter. Sau bc 3,
chn biu tng ny ln na kt thc vic.
vIii. Macros
Cng ging trong Word, cc Macro ca Excel dng t ng cc
cng vic m ta phi thng xuyn thc hin. Chng c th gn cho phm
nng, thanh cng c hoc menu tin cho vic s dng.
1. Ghi mt Macro mi
1 - Chn Tools, Record
- Chn Macro Record New thu Macro mi
- Chn Use Relative Reference thu Macro theo a ch tng i,
ngha l nu khi thu macro, thao tc thc hin trn mt th khi
chy, thao tc s c thc hin ti mt khc hoc mt dy cc
.
Xut hin hp thoi Record New Macro :
2 - Trong Macro Name g vo tn cho Macro (bt u bng ch ci, sau
l cc ch ci hoc con s, khng c dng cc k hiu, du cch
hoc du ting Vit).
3 - Trong Description g vo li m t cc cng vic m Macro ny s
thc hin.
4 - Chn Options. Trong khung Assign to chn cch gn Macro cho Menu
hay to phm g tt cho n.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 48
Stop Macro
Nu nh du chn vo mc Menu Item on Tools Menu, phi g vo
tn ca mc. Sau ny nu chn mc Tools t menu chnh, ta s thy
mc ny c xp vo cui ca menu dc.
Nu nh du chn vo mc Shortcut Key, Excel ngh mt k t bt
u bng ch e, nu mun ta c th xo ch e v g vo k t khc.
Sau ny chy Macro n t hp phm Ctrl+phm ny. Lu rng
phm tt trong Excel phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng. V d khi g
vo ch E lm phm tt, lc thc hin macro phi bm Ctrl+Shift+e.
5 - Trong khung Store in, chn Personal Macro Workbook c th dng
Macro ny trong cc bng tnh khc, nu khng Macro ch c tc dng
ti tp bng tnh hin thi (This WorkBook) hoc trong bng tnh mi
(New WorkBook).
6 - Chn Visual Basic cc thao tc m ta thu c th hin bng ngn
ng ny trong mt n th (Module)
7 - Chn OK bt u ghi li cc thao tc. Nh v d ny, ta cn chn
cc biu tng %, ly thm s l, in m, gch chn.
8 - Chn nt Stop kt thc vic ghi Macro. Nu khng thy nt ny,
chn mc Tools, Record Macro, Stop Recording.
2. Gn Macro cho thanh cng c
- Chn View, Tools. Xut hin hp thoi Toolbars
- Chn nt Customize.
- Trong khung Categories chn Custom.
- Ko mt biu tng t dng no trn thanh cng c v th trn bng tnh
c ch. Ko mt nt ca hp thoi Customize v th trn thanh cng c.
Xut hin hp thoi Assign Macro.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 49
Sau y l ngha cc mc :
- Sort by : ct u tin nht trong kho sp xp.
- Then by : ct u tin th hai v th ba trong kho sp xp
- Ascending : sp xp tng dn
- Desending : sp xp gim dn
- My List Has : Header Row (hoc No Header Row): min d liu
cha (hoc khng cha) hng tiu
Nt Option
- Case Sensitive : phn bit ch hoa vi ch thng
- Orientation :
Sort Top To Bottom : sp xp cc dng trong CSDL
Sort Left To Right : sp xp cc ct trong CSDL
Chn OK bt u sp xp.
Hnh trn l hp thoi Sort vi cc thng s danh sch c xp theo
vn A, B, C ca Tn, nhng bn ghi trng tn xp ngi c im Trung
bnh cao ln trn, nhng bn ghi trng im Trung bnh xp ngi c
im Tin cao ln trn.
3. Lc d liu
a - Cc yu t c bn
thc hin lc d liu, phi xc nh cc yu t c bn sau trn bng tnh :
- Min d liu (Database) : cha ton b d liu cn x l, k c hng tiu .
- Min tiu chun (Criteria) : l min bt k trn bng tnh ngoi vng
CSDL, cha cc tiu chun (iu kin m cc bn ghi phi thi mn).
Min tiu chun gm ti thiu 2 hng : hng u cha tiu ca min
tiu chun. Cc tiu ny hoc l tn trng hoc l tn bt k ph thuc
vo phng php thit lp tiu chun trc tip hay gin tip). T hng th
hai tr i l tiu chun ca CSDL.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 51
Min tiu chun so snh gin tip (TCSSGT) hay cn gi l tiu chun
cng thc: cho php a vo cc tiu chun so snh d liu hoc mt
phn d liu trong mt trng vi mt gi tr no . TCSSGT c to
ra theo nguyn tc sau :
Hng u ghi tiu cho cc tiu chun. Tiu ny c th t bt k
nhng khng c trng vi tn trng no.
T hng th hai tr i ghi cc tiu chun so snh, mi tiu chun l mt cng
thc. Cng thc ny phi cha a ch ca bn ghi u tin. Kt qu thc hin
cng thc ny l mt gi tr Logic : TRUE (ng) hoc FALSE (Sai)
Nm sinh
=YEAR(C3) < 1975 Sinh trc 1975
Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin FALSE (v Nm sinh ca
Hng l 1978)
Ngy sinh chn
=MOD(DATE(C3),2) =0 Sinh vo Ngy chn
Khi n , ti tiu chun ny s xut hin TRUE (v Ngy sinh ca
Hng l 30)
- Min ch (Copy to) : min trng trn bng tnh, dng cha cc bn
ghi t tiu chun.
b - Lc t ng (AutoFilter)
- Chn min d liu nh lc (k c hng tiu ).
- Data, Filter
- Chn AutoFilter, Excel t ng chn nhng mi tn vo bn phi ca cc
tn trng.
- Chn ti ct cha d liu dng lm tiu chun lc (v d ti ct Xp loi).
- Chn mt trong cc mc ti Menu :
[All] : Hin ton b cc bn ghi
[Blanks] : Ch hin cc bn ghi trng
[Nonblanks] : Ch hin cc bn ghi khng trng
[Custom ...] : Dng cc ton t so snh (s c trnh by chi tit
trong phn tip theo)
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 53
- Nhn nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >).
G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi, sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh.
- Chn OK
Chn 2 tiu chun : trong khung th hai :
- t tiu chun th nht (nh trnh by trn)
- Chn nt And (V, trong khong i vi s) hoc Or (Hoc l, ngoi
khong i vi s)
- t tiu chun th hai : bm nt chut ti bn tri, chn mt ton t so
snh (=, >, >=, <, <=, < >). G vo hoc bm nt chut ti bn phi,
sau chn mt gi tr nh so snh.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 54
- Chn OK
Hnh trn t tiu chun lc danh sch hc sinh Km, Gii, Xut sc
(im Trung bnh <=5.5 hoc >=8.5)
Hu lc d liu :
- Hu lc trong 1 ct : Bm nt chut ti ca ct , chn [All]
- Hu lc ton b : - Data, Filter, chn AutoFilter xo du 9
- Hin li tt c cc hng trong danh sch c lc :
- Data, Filter, Show All
c - Lc nng cao (Advanced Filter)
Advanced Filter dng tm cc bn ghi tho mn cc iu kin phc
tp hn. Chc nng lc nng cao ny ng vi vi cc tiu chun so snh
gin tip, bt buc phi dng min tiu chun. Cc bc nh sau :
- To min tiu chun.
- Chn min d liu nh lc
- Data, Filter
- Chn Advanced Filter, ngha cc mc trong hp thoi Advanced
Filter nh sau :
Action :
Filter the List, in place : Lc ti ch (ngay ti v tr ca CSDL ch
hin cc bn ghi tho mn tiu chun lc)
Copy to Another Location : Trch cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc sang
min khc ca bng tnh, a ch ca min
ny c xc nh ti khung Copy to
List Range : a ch min d liu ngun em lc
Criteria Range : a ch min tiu chun
Copy to : a ch min ch cha cc bn ghi t tiu chun lc)
Unique Record Only : Ch hin 1 bn ghi trong s cc bn ghi trng nhau.
V d : lc ra danh sch cc hc sinh N t im Trung bnh t 7
tr ln (Xp loi t Kh tr ln) ca danh sch trn trang 55 ta in vo cc
mc trong hp thoi Advanced Filter nh hnh sau.
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 55
4. Cc hm C s d liu (CSDL)
Dng tr li mt gi tr t CSDL theo mt iu kin no .
CSDL sau y dng minh ho cho cc v d.
A B C D
1 Tn Tui Gii tnh Lng
2 An 30 Nam 50
3 Ho 28 N 40
4 Thanh 35 Nam 80
5 Bnh 29 N 60
6 Vn 40 N 100
7 Phc 28 Nam 50
8 Kim 21 N 30
9 Oanh 38 N 50
10 Hng 28 Nam 80
11
12 Vn H Tui Gii tnh Lng
13 FALSE 28 N >=50
14
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 56
V d : tnh Lng thp nht ca nhng ngi 28 tui, sau khi nhp
cng thc
= DMIN(A1:D10,4,B12:B13)
ta nhn c gi tr 40
DCOUNT (database, field, criteria)
m s bn ghi ca CSDL (database) trn ct s (field) tho mn iu
kin ghi trong min tiu chun (criteria)
V d : m s ngi l N c Lng t 50 tr ln, cng thc :
=DCOUNT(A1:D10,D1,C12:D13) cho ta kt qu l 3
V d : m s ngi c ch ci u ca Tn l H, sau khi to min
TCSSGT vi tiu Vn H (hoc ni dung bt k) ti A12 v
tiu chun =LEFT(A2,1)="H" ti A13, nhp cng thc
= DCOUNT(A1:D10, 2 ,D12:D13) ta nhn c gi tr 2.
Cn ch rng ti v tr tham bin th 2 (field) ca hm DCOUNT ch
c ghi s th t (hoc tn) ca trng s bt k ch khng c ghi s
th t (hoc tn) ca trng k t hoc ngy thng. Nh trong v d trn c
th ly s 4 (ch khng c ly s 1 hoc 3) thay cho s 2.
DCOUNTA (database, field, criteria)
m s khng rng ca ct bt k (field) tho mn iu kin ghi
trong min tiu chun (criteria). Khc vi DCOUNT, trong cng thc ca
hm ny c th ghi s th t hoc tn ca trng bt k no ca CSDL.
5. Tng kt theo nhm
a - Tng kt theo mt loi nhm (SubTotal) :
Chc nng mi ny
ca Excel 5.0 cho php to
cc dng tng kt trong
mt CSDL. SubTotal s
chn ti cc v tr cn thit
cc tnh ton thng k
theo yu cu ca ngi s
dng. Cc bc thc hin
nh sau :
1/ Sp xp d liu theo
trng cn to SubTotal
( v d trn l trng Xp
loi).
2/ Chn Data, Subtotals,
xut hin hp thoi
Subtotal.
Trong :
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 58
Cc tu chn khc :
Replace Current SubTotal : Khi to dng tng kt mi dng ny s thay
th dng tng kt c. Theo ngm nh cc dng tng kt s ni tip nhau.
Page Break Between Group : Chn du ngt trang ti mi v tr c dng
SubTotal (tc l a mi nhm sang mt trang ring bit).
Summary Below Data : t dng tng kt cui mi nhm. Nu b du
: dng ny s c a ln trc mi nhm.
Remove All : Hu b mi SubTotal thc hin.
3/ Chn Ok bt u to.
b - Tng kt theo nhiu loi nhm (PivotTable - Bng Tng hp) :
Chc nng ny ca Excel cho php t ng ho qu trnh tng kt theo
nhiu loi nhm, phn tch v nh gi s liu m sau y chng ti gi l
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 59
Cc khi nim c bn
bng CSDL trn, tiu ca cc ct l cc "trng" (field): Ngy,
Nhn vin, Ca hng, Sn phm v Tin. Cc trng ny s tham gia vo
vic xy dng bng Tng hp ny.
Bng Tng hp c chia lm 4 vng :
Page Field : Ton b d liu c tng kt theo tng nhm (Item) ca
trng ny. Page Field lun nm pha trn ca bng Tng hp. Trong v
d ny, Page Field l Ca hng gm 2 nhm S 1 v S 2.
Row Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn mt
dng, v vy c gi l "Row". Nu s Row Field nhiu hn 1, PivotTable
s tng kt cc trng ny theo kiu lng nhau theo th t t trn xung
di. Trong v d ny, c 2 Row Field l Nhn vin v Ngy, trng Nhn
vin c tng kt trc ri mi n trng Ngy.
Column Field : Mi nhm d liu ca trng ny c tng kt trn
mt ct, v vy c gi l "Column". Nu s Nhm ny nhiu hn 1,
PivotTable s tng kt cc nhm ny theo th t t tri qua phi. Trong v
d ny, cc Nhm c tng kt thnh cc ct (trng) theo th t ABC ca
tn nhm : Bnh, Ko Mt.
Data Field : vng chnh ca Bng Tng hp ghi kt qu ca mt php
ton. Trong v d ny, s liu cu trng Tin c a vo v php ton
tng kt l ly tng (SUM).
To mi mt Bng Tng hp
- Chn min d liu k c tiu ca cc ct (v d A1:E11)
- Chn mc Data, PivotTable
Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 1 of 4 xut hin.
- Chn Microsoft Excel List of Database
- Chn Next
Hp thoi PivotTable Wizard step 2 of 4 xut hin. Nu cn, sa li
a ch ca min d liu bng cch g trc tip hoc dng chut chn li.
- Chn Next. Xut hin hp thoi PivotTable Wizard Step 3 of 4.
- Chn cc trng a vo cc vng ca bng bng cch ko v th
tn trng bn phi hp thoi ti cc vng c n nh trong bng.
v d ny chng ti a vo cc mi tn (ch hng ko th) ta c
tin thao tc. C th, ta
Ko trng th ti vng
Ca hng PAGE
Nhn vin ROW
Ngy ROW
Sn phm COLUMN
Tin DATA
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 61
X. trnh by trang
1. Chn c giy, hng in
- Chn File, Page Setup. Xut hin hp thoi Page Setup
- Chn Page
- Chn c giy trong khung Paper Size
- Chn Landscape in ngang giy, Portait in dc
- OK
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 64
2. t l (5)
(1)
- Chn File, Page Setup
- Chn Margins
Chn t khong cch cho
(3) (4)
Top L trn (1)
Bottom L di (2)
Left L tri (3)
Right L phi (4)
Header L ca tiu u trang (5)
(2)
Footer L ca tiu cui trang (6) (6)
Chn Ngy, gi
nh s trang
Chn tn File
Chn Font ch
xi. in
Trc khi in nn :
- Chn mc File, Print Preview (hoc biu tng Print Preview) xem b
cc (hnh th) bng tnh
- Kim tra xem my in sn sng cha ( ni vi my tnh cha, bt
cha, np giy cha v.v..).
in ton b bng tnh, chn biu tng Print trn thanh cng c.
in tng phn bng tnh :
- Chn mc File, Print. xut hin hp thoi sau :
bi thc hnh
Bi 1. Lp bng doanh thu sau :
A B C D E F G
1 D tnh thu nhp nm 1997 cng ty X
2 Hng mc Qy I Qy II Qy III Qy IV C nm VN
3 Bn : 14000 15000 16000 24000 69000
4 Chi phi :
5 Lng 2000 2000 2000 2000 8000
6 Tr li 1200 1400 1500 1600 5700
7 Nh 600 600 600 600 2400
8 Qung co 900 2000 1700 4000 8600
9 Vt t 4000 4200 4500 5000 17700
10 Tng chi : 8700 10200 10300 13200 42400
11 Thu nhp:
12 Qy 5300 4800 5700 10800
13 Ti qy 5300 10100 15800 26600 T gi 11.000
- Khng g d liu cc ct F, G v cc hng 10,12,13.
Cch tnh nh sau :
C nm = Cc qu, ti F3 g = SUM(B3:E3)
Tng chi = Cc mc chi, ti B10 g = SUM(B5:B9)
Thu nhp Qu = Bn - Tng chi, ti B12 g = B3-B10
Thu nhp ti qu = Lu k cc qu trc,
ti B13 g = B12
ti C13 g = B13+C12
copy cng thc t C13 sang D13:E13
- Chn thm 1 hng vo gia cc hng 3 v 4 tnh % tin bn c ca
tng qu so vi c nm.
- Trong ct G tnh tin bn c v tin chi ph quy ra tin Vit theo t gi
ghi cui bng ( G13)
- V th : tin bn c ca cc qu
s liu cc mc chi
tin bn c v tng chi ca cc qu
Khoa CNTT - VH M Excel 71
A B C D E F G H I J
1 kt qu thi cui k - lp tin hc c s
2 TT Ngy sinh Tui Gt Ton Tin Trung
Tn Xp Xp loi
bnh th
3 1 Hng 30/01/78 Nam 4 7 5.5 8 Trung bnh
4 2 Bnh 21/08/74 N 7 7 7.0 5 Kh
5 3 Vn 12/11/70 N 8 9 8.5 3 Gii
6 4 Bnh 15/06/77 N 9 10 9.5 1 Xut sc
7 5 Doanh 05/12/76 Nam 5 8 6.5 7 Trung bnh
8 6 Loan 18/09/77 N 5 4 4.5 9 Km
9 7 Anh 23/04/68 Nam 9 6 7.5 4 Kh
10 8 Thu 01/05/73 N 3 5 4.0 10 Km
11 9 Bnh 26/02/71 Nam 6 8 7.0 5 Kh
12 10 Ngn 12/05/75 N 10 8 9.0 2 Gii
13 Cao nht 10 10 9.5
14 Trung bnh 6.6 7.2 6.9
15 Thp nht 3.0 4.0 4.5
- Khng g d liu cc ct A, D, H, I, J v cc hng 13, 14, 15
- nh s Th t
- Tnh Tui : =YEAR(TODAY( ))-YEAR(C3)
- Tnh im Trung bnh = AVERAGE(F3:G3)
- Tnh cc gi tr cao nht (MAX), trung bnh (AVERAGE), thp nht
(MIN) ca cc ct Tui, im Ton, Tin, Trung bnh
- Xp th = RANK(H3,$H$3:$H$12)
- Xp loi theo im trung bnh theo thang im sau :
mc lc
H ni, 6 -1999