2.nhom HH TRG NGT Ga11cb

Gio n 11 c bn
Trng THPT Nguyn Gia Thiu

Tit 1,2 : N TP U NM
I. MC TIU :
1. Kin thc :
- n li mt s kin thc c bn v ho hc .
- n li cckin thc hc lp 10
* Cu hnh electron , s phn b electron vo cc obitan .
* Phn ng oxh kh
* Nhm halogen .
* Nhm xi lu hunh
2. K nng :
Rn luyn mt s k nng
* Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh bng p[hng php thng bng electron
* Gii bi ton da vo phng trnh phn ng , da vo C% , CM , D
3. Trng tm :
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh
- Gii bi tp
II. CHUN B :
H thng cu hi v mt s bi tp vn dng
III. THIT K CC HOT NG :
1. Kim tra : kt hp trong qu trnh n tp
2. Bi mi :
Hoat ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr
Hot ng 1: vo bi L THUYT:
chun b cho kim tra cht lng u nm. n - Vit cu hnh electron da vo nguyn l vng
li mt s l thuyt hc lp 10 bn : 1s 2s2p 3s3p 4s3d4p 5s4d5p 6s4f5d6p
Hot ng 2 : -Trong BTH :

* Gv t h thng cu hi: Chu k:
- Vit cu hnh electron da vo nguyn tc v - Bn knh gim dn
nguyn l no? - m in, I1 , i lc electro tng dn
- Quy lut bin i tnh cht ca cc nguyn t - Tnh axit ca oxit v hirxit tng ng
trong BTH? tng dn
Phn nhm - Bn knh tng dn
chnh - m in, I1 gim dn
- Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh gm my bc? - Tnh baz ca oxit v hirxit
Nu cc bc ? tng ng tng dn
- Nu quy tc xc nh s oxi ho ca cc nguyn
t? - Cn bng phn ng oxi ho kh gm 4 bc .
- Nu tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc nguyn t
trong nhm halogen? Hc sinh da vo cc kin thc c tr li cc
- Nu tnh cht c bn v c im ca cc cu hi ca gio vin .
nguyn t thuc nhm oxi? Bi tp :
Hot ng 3 :
Cho hs lm cc bi tp vn dng Bi 1: 1s22s22p63s23p3 - :15
Bi 1 : Vit cu hnh electron, xc nh v tr cc Z=15 : chu k: 3
nguyn t sau trong BTH: nhm: VA
Z = 15 , 24 , 35 , 29
Bi 2: Cn bng phn ng oxh kh sau bng Z=24 : 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1
phng php electron: Z=35 : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3
a.Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O Z=29 : 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
b.FexOy + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O Bi 2: Hc sinh ln bng lm theo trnh t 4 bc
Gio n 11 c bn
c.KNO3 + S + C K2S + N2 + CO2 a. 8Al + 30HNO3 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
d. NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO3 + H2O b.3FexOy + (12x-2y) HNO3 3xFe(NO3)3 + (3x-
e. Zn + HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 + N2+ H2O 2y)NO + (6x-y) H2O
Bi 3: Hon thnh chui phn ng: Bi 5:
Nc javen nAl = 0,03 mol
NaClCl2HCl SO2SH2S nS = 0,025 mol
H2SO4 2Al + 3S Al2S3
KClO3 O2 Al d, phng trnh phn ng tnh theo S
Sau phn ng gm: Al d v Al2S3
Bi 4: Bng phng php ho hc nhn bit cc 2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2
cht sau: Al2S3 + 6HCl 2AlCl3 + 3H2S
a.NaI , NaBr , NaCl , Na2SO4 nH2 = 0,0195 mol
b.NaOH , AgNO3 , BaCl2 , H2SO4 , HBr nH2S = 0,025 mol
c.Na2S , AgNO3 , BaCl2 , Pb(NO3)2 Vy Vkh = 0,9968 lit
Bi 5: un nng hn hp gm 0,81g Al v 0, 8g b. nNaOH = 0,12 mol
S . Sn phm em ha tan han ton trong dd HCl nH2S = 0,025 mol
d nNaOH / nH2S = 4,8 to ra mui trung ho
a.Tnh V kh bay ra kc? 2NaOH + H2S Na2S + H2O
b. Dn kh vo 25ml dd NaOH 15% ( D = 1,28 Sau phn ng: mNaOH = 0,07 . 40 = 2,8g
g/ml ) . Tnh C% ca cc cht sau phn ng? MNa2s = 1,95 g
Mdd = 0,85 + 32 = 32,85 g
C%NaOH = 8,52%
C%Na2S = 5,9%
3. Bi tp v nh:
Bi 1 : Mt hn hp gm 8,8g Fe2O3 v 1 kim loi ho tr II ng sau H trong dy hot ng ho hc
tc dng va vi 75ml dd HCl 2M . Cng hn hp cho tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng thu
c 1,68 l kh A (kc)
a. Tm kim loa X?
b. Tnh % mi cht c trong hn hp u?
c. Cho kh A tc dng va vi 16,8ml dd NaOH 20% D = 1,25 g/ml . Xc ng khi lng
cc cht sau phn ng?
Bi 2 : Ho tan 5,5g hn hp 2 mui NaCl v NaBr vo nc to thnh 100g dd A . Cho kh Cl2 qua
dd A n d, sn phm em c cn thu c 4,3875g mui khan .
a. Tnh nng % mi mui trong dd A?
b. Tnh V dd AgNO3 20% ( D=1,12 g/ml) cn dng kt ta ht dd A?
Bi 3 : cho hn hp gm Mg v Al vo dd H2SO4 long thu c 2,24l kh (kc) . Nu cng hn hp
cho vo dd H2SO4 c iu kin thng th thu c 0,56l kh A (kc )
a. Tnh % mi kim loi trong hn hp u?
b. Dn kh A vo 28g dd NaOH %. Tnh nng % cc cht trong dd sau phn ng?
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 3. Bi 1. S in li
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc.
Bit c cc khi nim v cht in li, cht khng in li, s in li.
Hiu nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca cc dung dch cht in li.
Bit c th no l cht in li mnh, cht in li yu
2. K nng.
Rn luyn cho hc sinh k nng thc hnh th nghim: quan st, so snh, lp
lun logic.
Rn luyn cho hc sinh vit phng trnh in li ca axit, baz, mui.
Phn bit cht in li mnh, cht in li yu
Bit cch tnh nng cc ion trong dd cht in li mnh.
II. Chun b dng dy hc.
1. Ho cht: Nc ct, Dd ng, Dd NaCl, NaCl rn,khan, NaOH rn khan,
Ancol etylic, Dd NaOH...
2. Phiu hc tp. Cng c kin thc cui gi.
III. Thit k cc hot ng dy hc.
Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung ghi bng

Hot ng 1: I. Hin tng in li
GV cho HS quan st th nghim, 1. Th nghim.
nhn xt, in vo bng v rt ra CHT Dn in Khng dn
kt lun. in
Nc ct *
HS Nhn xt: Dd ng *
Nc ct khng dn in. Dd NaCl *
Dung dch NaCl, dung dch HCl, NaCl rn,khan *
dung dch NaOH dn in. NaOH rn khan *
Dung dch ng khng dn in. Ancol etylic *
Dd NaOH *
Dd HCl *
glyxerol *
Kt lun:
Dung dch mui, axit, baz dn in.
Hot ng 2:
Cc cht rn khan: NaCl, NaOH v mt
GV dn dt: iu kin 1 dung
s dung dch: ru, ng khng c
dch, 1 vt dn c in?
kh nng dn in.
2. Nguyn nhn tnh dn in ca
HS vn dng kin thc v dng
cc dung dch axit, baz, mui
in c hc mn Vt l
trong nc.
tr li:
Nm 1887 Arniut ch ra rng: tnh
- C phn t mang in tch
dn in ca cc dung dch axit, baz,
chuyn ng t do.
mui l do trong dung dch ca chng
- Khi c dng in cc phn t mang
c cc tiu phn mang in tch gi
in chuyn ng theo mt hng
l cc ion. Cc phn t axit, baz, mui
nht nh.
khi tan trong nc phn li thnh cc ion.
GV dn dt: Kim loi l cht dn
3. nh ngha. Qu trnh phn li
in, cc phn t mang in trong
cc cht trong nc ra ion gi l s
kim loi l cc electron. Dung dch
in li. Nhng cht tan trong nc
in li dn c in. Vy trong
phn li thnh cc ion gi l cht L.
Gio n 11 c bn
dung dch in li c phn t mang S in li c biu din bng phng
in no? trnh in li lu : V phn t trung
Hot ng 3 ho v in nn v s tr in tch
GV a ra nh ngha cht in li, ca cation = in tch ca anion
s in li v phng trnh in li.
Sau GV vit phng trnh in li axit H+ + ion m gc axit
ca HCl. baz ion dng kim loi + OH-
GV lu cho HS: V phn t trung mui ion dng kim loi + H+
ho v in nn v s tr tng II. phn loi cc cht in li
in tch ca cation phi bng 1. th nghim: SGK
tng in tch ca anion. 2. VD:
Tn gi cation = cation + tn kim Dd HCl c 100 phn t HCl ho tan th
loi (+ in tch ca nguyn t). c 100 phn t phn li ra ion => cht
Tn gi anion = anion + tn gc in li mnh.
axit. Dd CH3COOH c 100 phn t ho tan
th ch c 2 phn t phn li ra ion =>
Hot ng 4: lm th nghim cht in li yu.
Chun b 2 cc 3. Cht in li mnh
Cc 1: dd HCl 0.1M * nh ngha: Cht in li mnh l cht
Cc 2: dd CH3COOH 0.1 khi tan trong nc cc phn t ho tan
GV yu cu HS quan st hin tng, u phn li ra ion.
nhn xt v rt ra kt lun. * Cht in li mnh gm
HS. - Cc axit mnh: HX (X: Cl, Br, I); HclO3,
- Hin tng: bng n cc ng dd HClO4, HNO3, H2SO4
HCl sng hn bng n cc ng - Cc baz mnh: cc baz tan tr dd
dd CH3COOH NH3 , cc amin
- Nhn xt: Nng ion trong dd - Hu ht cc mui.
HCl ln hn nng ion trong dd * Phng trnh in li:
CH3COOH - Dng -> ch chiu qu trnh in
=> s phn t HCl phn li ra ion ln li
hn s phn t CH3COOH phn li ra - VD. vit phng trnh in li ca
ion. HNO3 , H2SO4, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NaCl,
Fe(NO3)3
GV: th no l cht in li mnh? - Bit nng cht in li -> tnh c
HS:.... nng cc ion trong dd cht in li
- HS vit phng trnh in li v rt 4. Cht in li yu
ra nhn xt: * nh ngha: Cht l y l cht khi
- HS gi tn cc cation v anion trong tan trong nc ch c 1 s pht ho tan
cc phng trnh in li va vit phn li ra ion, phn cn li vn tn ti d-
trn. i dng pht trong dd.
* Cht in li yu gm
Cc axit y, cc baz K, mui K.
* Phng trnh in li:
Dng ch chiu qu trnh in
Hot ng 5
li
GV gi hc sinh a ra nh
VD. vit PTL ca CH3COOH; HclO,
ngha cht in ly yu, cc loi cht
HClO2
in ly yu.
CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO-
Hs ly v d minh ho.
Gi 2 hc sinh ln bng vit phng - Cn bng in li l cn bng
trnh in li ca 1 s axit yu v ng. Cn bng in li cng tun
baz yu. theo nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng
- Cn bng in li c ging cc cn Lsatli
Gio n 11 c bn
bng ho hc hc chng trnh
lp 10 khng?
iV. Bi tp cng c
Phiu hc tp
Cu 1: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in c

A. KCl rn khan C. Nc sng h ao
B. Nc bin D. Dung dch KCl trong nc
Cu 2: Mt hc sinh ho tan natri oxit vo nc v lm th nghim thy dung dch

thu c dn c in. Bn kt lun: natri oxit l cht in li. Kt lun nh
vy ng hay sai? Hy gii thch?
Cu 3: Lp li th nghim ca bi vi dung dch Ba(OH)2. Quan st th nghim

v gii thch. Khi nh dung dch H2SO4 n d vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 th c
hin tng g xy ra? Gii thch?
V.BTVN. 1 -> 5 SGK, 1.1 -> 1.6 SBT

Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 4. Bi 2. Axit, baz v mui
i. mc tiu
1. Kin thc:
- HS bit khi nim axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh v mui theo thuyt areniut
2. K nng:
- HS vit c phng trnh in li ca mt s axit, baz, hiroxit lng tnh v
mui
ii. CHUN b
Phiu hc tp.
Th nghim chng minh Zn(OH)2 c tnh lng tnh.
iii. Thit k cc hot ng dy hc
1. kim tra: Th no l cht in li mnh, cht in li yu? Cho v d ?Vit pt
in li.
Tnh nng cc ion trong dd HCl 0,1M v dd Na2SO4 0,02M
2. Bi hc:
Hot ng ca GV v HS Ni dung
Gio n 11 c bn
Hot ng 1 I. Axit theo thuyt Areniut :
GV yu cu HS nh ngha axit da 1. nh ngha
theo KT c * V d: HCl H+ + Cl-
GV yu cu HS vit PT in li ca axit CH3COOH H+ + CH3COO-
: HCl , HNO3 , H3PO4 , H2SO4, CH3COOH. * Axit : L cht khi tan trong nc pli ra
GV hng dn HS nhn xt cc qu cation H+
trnh phn li c c im g 2. Axit nhiu nc
chung v rt ra nh ngha axit theo * V d: H3PO4
thuyt areniut * nh ngha:
Hot ng 2 - Nhng axit khi tan trong nc, phn t
GV vit PTL theo tng nc ca H3PO4 ch phn li 1 nc ra cation H+ l axit 1
Yu cu HS so snh pt in li ca HCl nc
v H3PO4 - Nhng axit khi tan trong nc, phn t
kt lun v axit 1 nc v axit nhiu phn li nhiu nc ra cation H+ l axit
nc nhiu nc (a axit).
HS vit pt in li theo tng nc ca Lu : ch c nc th nht phn li hon
H2SO4 ton
Hot ng 3 II. baz theo thuyt Areniut :
GV yu cu HS nh ngha baz da * V d : KOH K+ + OH-
theo KT c * Baz : L cht khi tan trong nc ph li ra
GV yu cu HS vit PT in li ca mt anion OH-
s baz: KOH, Ba(OH)2 - Cc baz tan trong nc u c mt s tnh cht
GV hng dn HS nhn xt cc qu chung, l tnh cht ca cc ion OH - trong dd
trnh phn li c c im g 3. Hiroxit lng tnh :
chung v rt ra nh ngha baz - L cht khi tan trong nc va c th
theo thuyt areniut phn li nh axit va c th phn li nh
Hot ng 4: Gv lm th nghim : baz.
Nh t t dd NaOH vo dd ZnCl2 n V d : Zn(OH) Zn2+ + 2OH-
2
khi kt ta khng xut hin thm na.
Zn(OH)2 Zn2- + 2H+
Chia kt ta lm 2 phn :
- Mt s hiroxit LT thng gp :Al(OH)3 ,
* PI : cho thm vi git axit
Zn(OH)2
* PII : cho thm kim vo .
- L nhng cht K, c tnh axit , tnh
-Hs quan st hin tng v gii thch .
baz yu .
Hot ng 5:
III. Mui :
- Mui l g? k tn mt s mui th-
1. nh ngha :
ng gp.
- Mui l hp cht khi tan trong nc phn li
GV yu cu HS vit pt in li ca mt
ra cation kim loi ( hoc NH4+) v anion
s mui
gc axit .
-Nu tnh cht ca mui ?
-Th no l mui axit ? mui trung V d (NH4)2SO4 2NH4+ + SO42-
ha? cho VD NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3-
-Mui trung ho : trong phn t khng - Mui trung ho: NaCl , Na2CO3 ,
cn hiro c kh nng phn li ra ion (NH4)2SO4
H+. - Mui axit : NaHCO3, NaH2PO4, NaHSO4
-Mui axit : trong phn t cn hir
c kh nng phn li ra ion H+. - Mui kp : NaCl.KCl , KCl.MgCl2.6H2O .
Hot ng 6. cng c: 2. S in li ca mui trong nc :
axit H+ + ion m gc axit - Hu ht cc mui T l hon
baz ion dng KL + OH - ton( tr:HgCl2,Hg(CN)2
mui ion dng KL + ion m - Gc axit cn H+ :
gc axit HSO3- H+ + SO32-
( hoc Nh4+ ) + H+
3. BTVN: 2,3,4,5 SGK v 1.8 > 1.14 SBT
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 5. Bi 3: S IN LI CA NC -PH
CHT CH TH AXIT BAZ
I. Mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- Hc sinh bit nh gi axit v kim ca cc dung dch theo nng H+
v pH.
- Bit mu ca mt s cht ch th trong dung dch cc khong pH khc nhau.
2. K nng
- Vit phng trnh in li, tnh nng cc ion.
- Lm cc bi tp lin quan n pH.
- Dng cht ch th mu nhn bit cc cht.
ii. chun b
- Ho cht: Qu tm ( dung dch v giy), phenolphtalein, dd HCl, dd NaOH
- dng c: ng nghim, pipet
iii. thit k cc hot ng dy hc
1. Kim tra: - Pht biu nh ngha axit, baz theo arenius? Cho v d minh
ho?
- Xc nh r vai tr ca cc cht v ion sau trong cc phn ng ho hc: CO2,
NH4+, HF, BaO, Cu2+, CO32-, HS-, NaHCO3, Na+, PO43-, SO42-?Vit phng trnh phn
ng minh ho?
2. Bi mi:

Hot ng 1: Vo bi I. Nc l cht in li rt yu:
pH l g? da vo u tnh pH? Ta nghin 1. S in li ca nc:
cu bi mi . - Nc in li rt yu
-Gv dng phng php thuyt trnh thng bo - Phng trnh in li H2O D H+ + OH- (1)
cho hc sinh v s in li ca nc
Hot ng 2: 2.Tch s ion ca nc:
-Gv t cu hi: - Trong nc :[H+] = [ OH- ] = 10-7 mol/lit
Da vo phng trnh in li ca nc so snh t KH2O = 10-14 = [H+][OH-] l tch s ion ca nc
[H+] v [OH-]? n l hng s nhit xc nh.
Hs a ra biu thc tnh:[H+] = [ OH- ] = 10-7 - Gv kt lun: Nc l mi trng trung tnh nn mi
mol/lit trng trung tnh c: [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7M
-Gv thng bo: bng thc nghim ngi ta xc
nh 25C [H+] = [OH-] = 10-7
Hs vit biu thc tnh hng s cn bng (1) 3. ngha tch s ion ca nc
Hot ng 3: a. Mi trng axit:
Cu hi: - Do [H+] tng ln nn cn bng (1) chuyn dch
* Nu thm axit vo dd, cn bng (1) chuyn theo chiu nghch V KH2O khng i nn [OH- ]
dch theo hng no? phi gim .
* KH2O khng i th [OH-] bin i nh th - Mi trng axit l mi trng trong : [H+] >
no? [OH-] Hay : [H+] > 10-7M
- Thng bo KH2O l hng s i vi tt c dung
mi v dd cc cht . b. Mi trng kim:
v vy , nu bit [H+] trong dd s bit - Loi mi trng trong [H+]< [OH-] hay [H+]< 10-7M
c [OH-] l mi trng kim.
* Dn dt tng t nh trn rt ra Kt lun:
kt lun v mi trng kim. - Nu bit [H+] trong dd s bit c [OH-] v ngc
li
- axit v kim ca dd c th nh gi bng
[H+]
Gio n 11 c bn
* Mi trng axit: [H+]>10-7M
* Mi trng kim:[H+]<10-7M
* Mi trng trung tnh: [H+] = 10-7M
Hs tho lun theo nhm. - V d: Tnh [H+] v [OH-] ca:
* Vit phng trnh in li *Dd HCl 0,01M.
HCl H+ + Cl- *Dd NaOH 0,01M.
0,01M 0,01M 0,01M
=> [H+] = 0,01M [OH-]= 10-12M
* Vit phng trnh in li
NaOH Na+ + OH-
0,01M 0,01M 0,01M=> [OH-] = 0, 01M
Vy [H+] = 10-12M
-So snh [H+] v [OH-] tronh cc mi trng II. Khi nim v pH, cht ch th axit, baz:
axit v baz? 1. Khi nim v pH:
Gv tm li . - nh gi axit hay kim ca
Hot ng 4: dung dch ngi ta c th da vo nng
- Gv t vn : pH l g? pH dng biu th H+, do [H+] c m m, thun tin ngi ta
ci g? Ti sao cn dng n pH? dng gi tr pH .
- Dd axit , kim, trung tnh c pH l bao nhiu? [H+] = 10-pH M Hay pH = -lg [H+]
* B sung: xc nh mi trng ca dd, ng- - Mi trng axit: pH < 7
i ta dng cht ch th: qu, phenolphtalein . - Mi trng baz: pH > 7
- Mi trng trung tnh: pH=7
2. Cht ch th axit, baz: sgk
- L cc cht cho php xc nh khong
Hot ng 5: pH ca dung dch da vo mu sc.
- Gv pha 3 dd : axit , baz, v trung tnh (nc - Cc cht ch th hay gp nh: Qu tm,
ct n) phenolphtalein, giy pH, cht ch th mu
- Gv k sn bng v t cu hi vn nng...
Hc sinh tho lun nhm. Mi trng Axit Trung kim
- Hs dng giy ch th axit baz vn nng tnh
xc nh pH ca dd Qu tm xanh
- Hs in vo bng cc mu tng ng vi Phenolphtalein khng khng hng
cht ch th v dd cn xc nh . mu mu
Qua cc th nghim trn rt ra nhn xt Mun xc nh chnh xc pH ngi ta dng my
- Gv b sung : cht ch th axit, baz ch cho o pH.
php xc ng gi tr pH gn ng .
3 . Cng c :
Bi 4,5 / 15 sgk
4. Bi tp v nh:
Bi 1 : Trn 500 ml dd KOH 0,005M vi 250 ml dd KOH 0,02M . Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c ?
Bi 2: Cho 50 ml dd NaOH 0,52M vi 50 ml dd HCl 0,5M . Xc nh pH ca dd thu c ?
Bi 3: Cho 200 ml dd H2SO4 0,5M tc dng vi 50 ml dd KOH 2M . Tnh pH ca dd thu c ?
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 6, 7 . Bi 4: phn ng trong dung dch cc cht in li
I. Mc tiu
1. V kin thc
- Hiu c iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i trong dung dch cht in li.
- Hiu c phn ng thu phn ca mui.
2. V k nng
- Vit phng trnh ion rt gn ca phn ng.
- Da vo iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i trong dd cht in li bit c
phn ng xy ra hay khng xy ra.
II. Chun b: Th nghim: ( bng hnh )
1. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta.
2. Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu.
3. Phn ng to thnh cht kh.
III. thit k cc Hot ng dy hc
1. Kim tra: a. Tnh pH ca dung dch A cha hn hp NaOH 0,007 M v
Ba(OH)2 0,0015 M ?
b. Nhn bit cc dung dch sau : H2SO4, Na2SO4, NH3, BaCl2, NaNO3

I. iu kin xy ra phn ng trong dung dch
Hot ng 1 : cc cht in li
Yu cu: HS d on, m t 1. Phn ng to thnh cht kt ta
hin tng xy ra, vit ptp? Th nghim: AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + Na
- Yu cu HS vit phng NO3
trnh in li ca cc cht Gii thch: NaCl Na+ + Cl-
tan trong phn ng? AgNO3 Ag+ + NO3-
Ptrnh ion rt gn:
- Gio vin a ra cu hi
Ag+ + Cl- -> AgCl
cng c
( cho HS xem m phng phn - Phng trnh ion rt gn cho bit bn cht ca phn ng trong
ng ) dung dch cc cht in li
Cu hi: Trn 2 dung dch cha cht tan Pb(NO3)2
v KI t l s mol Pb(NO3)2 : KI = 1: 2. Trong dung
dch mi c cha cc ion
a. Pb2+, NO3-, K+, I- b. Pb2+, NO3-, K+
c. K+, NO3- d. K+, NO3-, I-
Hot ng 2: 2. Phn ng to thnh cht in li yu
- GV: Cc em hy vit phng a. Phn ng to thnh nc
trnh phn t, phng trnh Th nghim:
ion rt gn ca phn ng NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O
gia 2 dung dch NaOH v H + + OH- H2O
HCl? (do NaOH Na+ + OH-
HCl H+ + Cl-)
Cu hi: Xem th nghim sau. Cho bit nhng ion
no tn ti trong dung dch sau phn ng:
a. Fe3+, OH-, Cl-, H+ b. Fe3+, H+, Cl-
c. H+, OH-, Cl- d. Fe3+, Cl-.
- GV cho HS quan st th b. Phn ng to thnh axit yu
nghim: Th nghim: HCl + NaCH3COO CH3COOH +
Fe(OH)3 + HCl -> NaCl
NaCH3COO Na+ + CH3COO-
Yu cu HS quan st v tr li HCl -> H+ + Cl-
Gio n 11 c bn
Phng trnh ion rt gn
- GV: M t th nghim H+ + CH3COO- CH3COOH
dung dch HCl vo cc ng
dung dch NaCH3COO, thy 3. Phn ng to thnh cht kh
c mi gim chua. Hy gii Th nghim
thch v vit phng trnh CaCO3 + 2HCl CO2 + H2O + CaCl2
phn ng dng phn t v CaCO3(r) + 2H+ Ca2+ + CO2 + H2O
ion? Cu hi: Cho phn ng BaSO3 + H2SO4long
Phn ng ion thu gn no l biu din bn cht
phn ng trn
Hot ng 3 :
A. Ba2+ + SO4 2- BaSO4
- GV yu cu HS d on
hin tng ca th nghim B. Ba2+ + SO32- + SO4 2- BaSO4 + SO2
CaCO3 + HCl C. BaSO3 + SO42- -> BaSO4 + SO2
Yu cu: HS vit phng D. BaSO3 2H _ SO42

4 SO 2 H 2 O
BaSO
trnh phn t v ion E. BaSO3 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + SO2 + H2O
(xem bng tin hnh th Kt lun:
nghim) - Phn ng xy ra trong dd cc cht in li v
phn ng gia cc ion.
- Phn ng trong dung dch cc cht in li xy ra
GV nhn mnh cch vit pt khi:
ion. + To thnh cht kt ta.
+ To thnh cht kh
+ To thnh cht in li yu
3. Cng c kin thc:
Phiu hc tp
Cu 1: Phn ng no sau c phng trnh ion thu gn: 2H+ + S2- H2S
a. 2CH3COOH + K2S 2CH3COOK + K2S.
b. FeS + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2S.
c. Na2S + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2S.
d. CuS + H2SO4long CuSO4 + H2S
e. a v b
Cu 2: Nhng ion no sau y, cng thuc trong mt dung dch.
a. Mg2+, SO4, Cl-, Ba2- b.Fe2+, SO4, Ba2+, Al3+
c. Ba2+, OH-, NO3, Fe3+ d. Ba2+, NO3, Fe3+, Cl-
Cu 3: Khi trn ln cc dung dch sau, trng hp no phn ng khng xy ra:
1. KCl + AgNO3 4. Ca(OH)2 + HCl
2. Na2S + HCl 5. BaCl2 + KOH
3. K2CO3 + H2SO4 long. 6.Al2(SO4)3 + MgCl2
a. 2, 3 b. 4, 5 c. 2, 5 d. 5, 6 e.
Tt c u xy ra.
Cu 4 ; Hai dung dch A v dung dch B c cc ion sau:
K+ (0,15mol), Mg2+(0,1mol) NH+4 (0,25 mol), H+ (0,2 mol), Cl-(0,1mol), SO2-4 (0,075
mol), NO-3(0,25 mol), CO2-3(0,15 mol).
Dung dch A gm c cc ion Dung dch B gm cc ion
2+ + - 2-
A: Mg , NH 4, Cl , SO 4 A:NH4+, H+, SO2-4, CO2-3
B: K+,NH+4, Cl-, SO2-4 B: Mg2+, H+, NO-3, CO2-3
+ 2+ - -
C: K , Mg , NO 3,Cl C: Mg2+, H+, NO-3, SO2-4
D: K+, NH+4, CO2-3, Cl- D: K+, H+, NO-3, CO2-3.
4. Bi tp v nh: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7/20 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 8. Bi 5: LUYN TP:AXIT BAZ - MUI

PHN NG TRAO I ION TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI
i. mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- Cng c li cc kin thc c bn ca chng : cc khi nim: s in li, cht
in li, pH
- iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung dch cht in li
2. K nng
- Rn luyn li k nng vit phng trnh dng phn t v dng ion
- K nng gii cc dng bi tp phn in li
II. CHUN B:
- Ni dung bi s 8 tho lun
- He thng cu hi v bi tp .
III. THIT K CC HOT NG:
1. Kim tra: Kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp .
2. Bi mi:
Hot ng ca gio vin Hoat ng ca hc sinh

Hot ng 1: Vo bi - Hs trao i v kin thc v lm bi tp .
Trong chng va qua c mt s kin thc trng Bai 1 :
tm m cc em cn phi nm, e cung c K2S 2K+ + S2-
thm vic tip thu kin thc , cac em cn Na2HPO4 2Na+ + HPO42-
phi lm thm mt s bi tp vn dng . HPO42- H+ + PO43-
- Gv to chc cho hc sinh trao i vn : NaH2PO4 Na+ + H2PO4-
He thng ho cc nh ngha v vit phng
H2PO4- H+ + HPO4-
trnh in li .
HPO4- H+ + PO43-
Gv cho hc sinh lm bi tp 1 Pb(OH)2 Pb2+ + 2OH-
H2PbO2 2H+ + PbO22-
HClO H+ + ClO-
Fe(OH)2 Fe2+ + 2OH-
HF H+ + F-
HClO4 H+ + ClO4-
Bi 4 sgk
Hot ng 2: a. Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
- Gv cho hc sinh n li h thng kin thc v
b. Fe2+ + 2OH- Fe(OH)2
iu kin xy ra phn ng trao i ion trong dung
dch cc cht in li c. HCO3- + H+ CO2 + H2O
d. HCO3- + OH- H2O + CO32-
- Gv hng dan hc sinh lm bi tp 4, g. Pb(OH)2 + H+ Pb2+ + 2H2O
5. h. H2PO2 + 2OH- PbO22- + 2H2O
Chia lp thnh 6 nhm, mi nhm lm 1 cu nh i. Cu2+ + S2- CuS
Gio n 11 c bn
Hot ng 3: Bi 5 sgk: [H+] = 10-PH [H+] [OH-] = 10-14
- Gv t chc cho hc sinh trao i v n tp li -
[OH ] = 10 -POH
pH = - lg[H+]
kin thc v PH pOH = - lg{OH-] pH + POH = 14
- Gv at cu hi: * Mi trng axit: [H+] > 10-7 M , PH < 7
* Cc cng thc lin quan n PH? * Mi trng trung tnh: [H+] = 10-7 M , PH = 7
* S lin quan gia [H+] , PH , mi trng . * Mi trng baz: [H+] < 10-7 M , PH > 7
-Gv cho hc sinh hot ng theo nhm: Bi 1:

* Nhm 1: Bi 2 HS vit phng trnh phn t sau vit phng
* Nhm 2: Bi 3 trnh ion rt gn .( 6 ptrng trnh phn t
* Nhm 3: Bi 5 v 1 phng trnh ion)
* Nhm 4,5, 6 lm cc bi tp sau : Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
Bi 1: Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Cho 6 dung dch: Na2SO4 , Ba(NO3)2 , NH4)2SO4 , Bai 2 :
BaCl2 , K2SO4 , Ba(CH3COO)2 . Nhng cht no 3 dung dch:
tc dng c vi nhau? Viet phng trnh ion Ba(NO3)2 , Na2CO3 , MgSO4
rt gn ca cc phn ng?
Bai 2 : Bi 3:
C 3 dung dch, mi dung dch ch cha 1 anion nBa(OH)2 = 0,075 mol => nH2SO4 = 0,05 mol
v 1 cation khng trng lp, xac nh 3 dung Ba(OH)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2H2O
dch .
0,05 0,05
Ba2+ , Mg2+ , Na+ , SO42- , CO32- , NO3-
n Ba(OH)2 d = 0,025 mol
Bi 3: Cho 150 ml dd Ba(OH)2 0, 5M tc dng
[Ba(OH)2 d] = 0,1 mol
vi 100 ml dd H2SO4 0,5M .
=> [OH-] = 0,2 = 2. 10-1 => [H+] = 5.10-12
a. tnh CM ca cc ion trong dung dch sau phn
pH = 11,3
ng?
Bi 4
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c?
a. V= 0,1 lt
b. Khi lng mui = 13,625 gam.
Bi 4. Cho 100 ml dung dch A gm
HNO3 0,5 M v H2SO4 0,5 M v V ml
dung dch B cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2
0,25M thu c dung dch C c pH= 7.
a. Tnh V?
b. Tnh khi lng mui thu c khi c
cn dung dch sau phn ng?
3. Cng c:
Kt hp cng c trong qu trnh luyn tp .
4. Bi tp v nh:
Bi 1 : Trn ln 100 ml H2SO4 c pH = 3 vi 400 ml dd NaOH c pH = 10 . Tnh pH ca dd sau phn
ng ?
Bi 2 : Cho cc cht sau tc dng vi nhau tng i mt , viet phng trnh phn ng dng phn t
v ion rt gn: H2SO4 , BaCl2 , FeSO4 , NaOH .
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 9.
Bi 6: BI THC HNH S 1
TNH AXIT BAZ
PHN NG TRAO I TRONG DUNG DCH CC CHT IN LI
I. mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- Cng c kin thc ca chng in li
2. K nng
- Hnh thnh cho hc sinh k nng thc hnh th nghim, lm quen vi cc ho cht.
II. CHUN B:
* Dng c: *Ho cht:
-a thu tinh -Dung dch HCl 0,1m
-Ong ht nh git -Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M
-Tha xc ho cht bng a thu tinh -Dung dch NaOH 0,1M
-Bo gi th nghim n gin ( s v cp -Dung dch Na2CO3 c
ng nghim g) -Dung dch CaCl2 c .
-Ong nghim -Dung dch phenolphtalein
-Dung dch NH3 c .Giy o pH
IV. THIT K CC HOT NG:
1. Kim tra:
* Nu mc tiu ca bui thc hnh?
* Kim tra s chun b bi nh ca hc sinh .
2. Bai mi:
Hot ng ca gio vin Hoat ng ca hc sinh
Hot ng 1 : vo bi Th nghim 1:
chng minh cc tnh cht v kin thc cc em - t mu giy pH trn a thy tinh (hoac s
c hc trn lp, chung ta lm thc gi th nghim ci tin) nho ln mu giy mt
nghim . git dung dch HCl 0,1 M .
Hot ng 2: Th nghim 1 - Lm tng t nh trn nhng thay dung dch
Tnh axt baz: HCl bng tng dung dch sau:
- Gv lu : Quan st hc sinh lm th nghim, * Dung dich NH3 0,1M ]
nhac nh hc sinh lm th nghim vi lng ho * Dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M
cht nh, khong cho ho cht vy vo qun * Dung dch NaOH 0,1M
o . Th nghim 2:
Hot ng 2: Th nghim 2 Phn ng trao i trong dd cc cht in ly:
Phn ng trao i trong dung dch cc cht in a Cho khong 2ml d2 Na2CO3 c vo ng
ly: nghim ng khong 2ml CaCl2 ac .
- Gv lu : Quan st hc sinh lm th nghim, Nhn xt mu kt ta to thnh .
uon nn rn luyn cho hc sinh thao tc lm Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
vic vi ho cht lng bng ng nh git, lam b. Ha tan kt ta thu c th nghim a. bng
sao co th iu chnh cho tng git ho cht HCl long H, quan st?
lng ho cht vo ng nghim CaCO3 + HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Hoat ng 3: c. Ly vo ng nghim khong 2ml dung dch
- Gv lu hc sinh cc kin thc cn nh c lin NaOH long nh vo vi git dung dch
quan, rut kinh nghim bui thc hnh phenolphtalein .
-Yu cu hc sinh vit bng tng trnh theo dn - Nho t t dung dch HCl long vo, va
sau nh va lc cho n khi mt mu, giai thch ?
Ten TN - Cch thc hin - hin tng -
gii thch - Vit phng trnh
3. Cng c dn d:
Gv hng dn hc sinh thu dn ho cht, dung c th nghim, v sinh phnh th nghim
Gio n 11 c bn
Chng 2 : NHOM NIT
MUC TIEU CUA CHNG :
1 . Kien thc : Giup HS biet
- Tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua nit , photpho .
- Tnh chat vat ly hoa hoc cua mot so hp chat : NH3, NO, NO2 , HNO3 ,
P2O5 , H3PO4 .
- Phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua cac n chat va mot so
hp chat cua Nit , Photpho .
2 . Ky nang : Tiep tuc hnh thanh va cung co cac ky nang
- Quan sat , phan tch tong hp , va d oan tnh chat cua cac chat .
- Lap phng trnh phan ng hoa hoc , ac biet phng trnh phan ng
oxi hoa kh .
- Giai cac bai tap nh tnh va nh lng lien quan en kien thc
cua chng .
3 . Giao duc tnh cam thai o :
- Thong qua noi dung kien thc cua chng giao duc cho hoc sinh tnh
cam yeu thien nhien , co y thc bao ve moi trng , ac biet moi
trng khong kh va at .
- Co y thc gan ly thuyet va thc tien e nang cao chat lng cuoc
song .
Gio n 11 c bn
HNO3
Tiet 11. Bi 7 : NIT
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Hieu c tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua nit .
- Biet phng phap ieu che nit trong cong nghiep va trong phong th
nghiem.
- Hieu c ng dung cua nit .
2. Ky nang :
- Van dung ac iem cau tao phan t cua nit e giai thch tnh chat
vat ly , hoa hoc cua nit .
- Ren luyen ky nang suy luan logic .
3. Thai o :
Biet yeu qui bao ve nguon tai nguyen thien nhien
4. Trong tam :
- Biet cau tao phan t , cac tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua nit .
- Viet c cac phng trnh chng minh tnh chat cua Nit .
II. PHNG PHAP :
Gio n 11 c bn
Trc quan sinh ong - am thoai gi m
III. CHUAN B :
- ieu che san kh nit cho vao cac ong nghiem ay bang nut cao su
- Moi nhom HS bat mot con chau chau con song .
IV. THIET KE CAC HOAT ONG :
1. Kiem tra :
* Neu cac tnh chat chung va s bien oi tnh chat cua nhom
Nit ?
2. Bai mi
Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai
- Khong kh gom nhng chat kh nao ? chiem ti le bao nhieu ?
- Trong khong kh co rat nhieu kh nh : O2 , N2 , H2S , He , CO2 , H2O
N2 : 79% , O2 : 20% con lai cac kh khac
- Nit la mot trong nhng kh co trong tang kh quyen vi mot ham
lng ln . vay N2 co nhng tnh chat g , ta nghien cu bai mi .
Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung ghi bang
Hoat ong 2 : I CAU TAO PHAN T :
- Mo ta lien ket trong phan - Cong thc electron :
t N2 ? :N: N:
- Hai nguyen t Nit trong Cong thc cau tao :
phan t lien ket vi nhau :NN:
nh the nao? II TNH CHAT VAT LY :
- Hs mo ta , ket luan Phan - La chat kh khong mau , khong mui ,
t N2 gom hai nguyen t , khong v , hi nhe hn khong kh , hoa
lien ket vi nhau bang ba long - 196 0C, hoa ran:-210 0C
lien ket CHT khong co cc . - Tan rat t trong nc , khong duy tr s
Hoat ong 2 : chay va s song .
- Cho biet trang thai vat ly
cua nit ? co duy tr s song III . TNH CHAT HOA HOC
khong ? oc khong ? - Nit co ENN = 946 kJ/mol , nhiet o
- N2 nang hay nhe hn khong thng nit kha tr ve mat hoa hoc
kh ? nhng nhiet o cao hoat ong hn .
Hoat ong 3 : - Nit the hien tnh oxi hoa va tnh kh ,
Gv at van e tnh oxi hoa ac trng hn .
- Nit la phi kim kha hoat 1 . Tnh oxi hoa :
ong nhng nhiet o a. Tac dung vi hiro : nhiet o cao
thng kha tr ve mat hoa (4000C) , p cao, co xt
hoc , hay giai thch ? 3
N20 + 3H2 2 N H3 H = - 92kJ
- Da vao ac iem cau
tao phan t e giai quyet b. Tac dung vi kim loai :
van e . 6Li + N20 2 Li3N ( Liti Nitrua )
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2 (Magie Nitrua )
- Da vao so oxi hoa hay Nit the hien tnh oxi hoa .
d oan tnh chat cua nit? 2 . Tnh kh : nhiet o 30000C (hoac
- Nit co cac so oxi hoa : ho quang ien ) :
-3 , 0 , +1 , +2 , +3 , +4 , +5 N20 + O2 2NO H=180KJ
-N2 co so oxihoa 0 nen va Nit the hien tnh kh .
the hien tnh oxi hoa va tnh 2 4
kh . - Kh NO khong ben : 2 N O + O2 2 N O2
- N2O , N2O3 , N2O5 khong ieu che trc tiep
- Xet xem nit the hien tnh t nit va oxi .
kh hay tnh oxihoa trong IV. TRANG THAI THIEN NHIEN VA
Gio n 11 c bn
trng hp nao ? IEU CHE :
- Xac nh so oxi hoa cua 1. Trang thai thien nhien :
Nit trong cac trng hp . - dang t do : chiem khoang 80% the
- Gv thong bao : Ch vi Li tch khong kh , ton tai 2 ong v :14N
, nit tac dung ngay nhiet (99,63%) , 15N(0,37%) .
o thng . - dang hp chat , nit co nhieu trong
=> Ket luan : khoang vat NaNO3 (Diem tieu ) : co co
Nit the hien tnh kh khi trong thanh phan cua protein , axit nucleic , .
tac dung vi cac nguyen . . va nhieu hp chat hu c thien nhien .
to co o am ien ln hn 2 ieu che :
.The hien tnh oxihoa khi a. Trong cong nghiep :
tac dung vi cac nguyen - Chng cat phan oan khong kh long , thu
to co o am ien ln nit -196 0C , van chuyen trong cac bnh
hn . thep , nen di ap suat 150 at .
b. Trong phong th nghiem :
Hoat ong 4 : - un dung dch bao hoa muoi amoni nitrit
- Trong t nhien nit co ( Hon hp NaNO2 va NH4Cl ) :
au va dang ton tai cua NH4NO2 t0 N2 + 2H2O .
no la g ? V NG DUNG :
-Hs da vao kien thc thc - La mot trong nhng tphan dinh dng
te va sgk e tra li . chnh cua thc vat .
Hoat ong 4 : - Trong cong nghiep dung e tong hp
- Ngi ta ieu che nit NH3 , t o san xuat ra phan am , axt
bang cach nao ? nitrc . . . Nhieu nghanh cong nghiep nh
-Nit co nhng ng dung g ? luyen kim , thc pham , ien t . . . s
- Hs da vao sgk e tra li . dung N2 lam MT
3. Cung co :- Dung bai tap 3,4 e cung co ve tnh chat hoa hoc
cua N2 .
4.BTVN: SGK.SBT
Tiet12. Bai 8: AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Giup HS hieu
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua amoniac
- Vai tro quan trong cua amiac trong i song va trong ky thuat
Gio n 11 c bn
Cho HS biet :
- Phng phap ieu che amoniac trong phong th nghiem va trong cong
nghiep
2. Ky nang :
- Da vao cau tao phan t e giai thch tnh vat ly , hoa hoc cua
amoniac.
-Van dung nguyen ly chuyen dch can bang e giai thch cac ieu
kien k thuat trong san xuat amoniac .
- Ren luyen kha nang lap luan logic va kha nang viet cac phng
trnhtrao oi ion . . .
3. Thai o :
- Nang cao tnh cam yeu khoa hoc .
- Co y thc gan nhng hieu biet ve khoa hoc vi i song
4. Trong tam :
- Tnh chat vat ky va hoa hoc cua Amoniac .
- Van dung nguyen ly chuyen dch can bang e giai thch cac ieu
kien cua phan ng tong hp amoniac t nit va hiro .
III. PHNG PHAP :
Trc quan - am thoai
II. CHUAN B :
Dung cu : Ong nghiem , gia ong nghiem , chau thuy tinh
Hoa chat : NH3 , H2O , CuO , NH4Cl , dd NaOH , Phenolphtalein .
Tranh hnh 3.6 SGK , hnh 3.7 SGK .
1. Kiem tra :
- Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua nit ? tai sao k thng nit tr ve
mat hoa hoc ? VD ?
- Bai 5 / 57 SGK ..
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

Hoat ong 1 : I . CAU TAO PHAN T :
- Cho biet ac iem cau tao cua - CT e CTCT
phan t NH3 H :N: H HNH
- Mo ta s hnh thanh phan t H H
NH3 ? N
- Viet cong thc electron va
cong thc cau tao cua phan t
NH3 ? H H
- Viet cong thc cau tao , cong H
thc electron -Phan t NH3 co cau tao hnh thap ,
- Lien ket trong phan t NH 3 la ay la mot tam giac eu .
lien ket CHT phan cc , nit tch - Phan t NH3 la phan t phan cc .
ien am , hiro tch ien dng .
- Gv bo sung : I . TNH CHAT VAT LY :

Phan t NH3 co cau tao hnh - La chat kh khong mau , mui khai va
thap ay la tam giac eu , xoc , nhe hn khong kh .
nguyen t N nh thap con 3 - Kh NH3 tan rat nhieu trong nc , tao
nguyen t H nam 3 nh cua thanh dung dch amoniac co tnh kiem
tam giac eu . yeu .
Hoat ong 2: III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC
Gio n 11 c bn
- HS neu: Trang thai , mau sac , 1 . Tnh baz yeu :
mui ? a. Tac dung vi nc :
- dN2 / kk ? Trong dung dch NH3 la mot baz yeu ,
- Gv lam th nghiem mo ta tnh 250C , Kb = 1,8. 10-5
tan cua NH3 , NH3 + H2O NH4+ + OH
HS , quan sat nhan xet s oi b. Tac dung vi axt :
mau cua dd - Tao thanh muoi amoni .
Rut ra ket luan . Vdu:
Hoat ong 3: 2NH3 + H2SO4 (NH4)2SO4
Giai thch tnh baz cua NH3 : NH3 + H+ NH4+ .
- Dung dch NH3 the hien tnh chat NH3(k) + HCl(k) NH4Cl(r ) .
cua mot kiem yeu nh the Phan ng dung e nhan biet kh
nao ?
NH3 .
- Da vao tnh chat hoa chung
c. Tac dung vi dung dch muoi
cua baz
cua nhieu kim loai , tao ket tua
- Da vao thuyet axt baz cua
hiroxit cua chung .
bron stet viet phng trnh ien li
V du :
cua NH3 trong nc .
Al3++3NH3+3H2 Al(OH)3 + 3NH4+
Hoat ong 4 : 2
- Gv hng dan th nghiem Fe +2NH3+2H2OFe(OH)2+2NH4
NH3 + HClac 2 . Kha nang tao phc :
- quan sat neu hien tng Dung dch amoniac co kha nang hoa
Viet phng trnh phan ng tan hiroxit hay muoi t tan cua mot so
kim loai , tao thanh cac dung dch phc
chat .
Gv thong bao cho hoc sinh biet V du :

kha nang dd NH3 tac dung vi * Vi Cu(OH)2
mot so muoi kim loai . Cu(OH)2 +4 NH3 [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
- Phng trnh ion :
Cu(OH)2 + 4NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]2++ 2OH-
Hoat ong 5 : Mau xanh tham
- Gv at van e : Ngoai nhng * Vi AgCl .
tnh chat ke tren NH3 con co tnh AgCl + 2NH [Ag(NH ) ] Cl
3 3 2
chat ac biet khac o la g ?
AgCl + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl-
- Gv lam th nghiem :
=>S tao thanh cac ion phc la do s
* TN 1 :Cho t t d2 NH3 + d2 CuSO4
ket hp cac phan t NH3 bang cac
Quan sat ?
electron cha s dung cua nguyen t
Tiep tuc nho tng giot NH3cho
nit vi ion kim loai
en khi thu c d2 xanh tham
- au tien co ket tua :
CuSO4 +2NH3 +2H2O
(NH4)2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
Sau o ket tua tan ra 3 . Tnh kh :
Gv bo sung : a. Tac dung vi oxi :
Cac ion Cu(NH3)4]2+ , [Ag(NH3)2]+ la - Amoniac chay trong khong kh vi ngon
cac ion phc , c tao thanh la mau luc nhat :
nh lien ket cho nhan gia cap
4NH3 +3O2 2N02 + 6H2O .
electron t do cua nit trong phan
- Khi co xuc tac la hp kim platin va
t NH3 vi cac obitan trong cua
irii 850 9000C :
kim loai .
TN2 : Nho vai giot d2 AgNO3 vao d2 4NH3 +5O2 4NO + 6H2O .
Gio n 11 c bn
NaCl . Nho t t d2 NH3 cho en b. Tac dung vi clo :
khi ket tua tan hoan toan . - Kh NH3 t boc chay trong kh Clo tao
ngon la co khoi trang :
Hoat ong 5 : 2NH3 + 3Cl2 N20 +6HCl .
- D oan tnh chat hoa hoc cua - Khoi trang la nhng hat NH 4Cl sinh ra
NH3 da vao thay oi so oxihoa do kh HCl va tao thanh hoa hp vi
cua nit trong NH3 ? NH3 .
- Xac nh so oxihoa cua nit ?
- So oxihoa co the co cua nit ? c. Tac dung vi mot so oxit kim
loai:
- Khi co s thay oi so oxihoa , - Khi un nong , NH3 co the kh oxit
so oxihoa cua nit trong NH3 ch cua mot so kim loai thanh kim loai
co the tang nen NH3 the hien V du :
tnh kh 2NH3 + 3CuO t
o
3Cu +N20 +3H2O
Ket luan :
- Bo sung : So vi H2S , tnh kh - Amoniac trang thai kh hay trong dung
cua NH3 yeu hn . dch eu the hien tnh baz yeu .Tac
- Tnh kh NH3 bieu hien nh the dung vi axt tao thanh muoi amoni va
nao khi tac dung vi Cl2 ? ket tua c hiroxit cua nhieu kim loai
.
- Dung s o e giai thch th - Amoniac co tnh kh : phan ng c
nghiem . vi oxi , clo va kh mot so oxit kimloai
Gv giup HS rut ra ket luan (Nit co so oxi hoa t -3 en 0, +2 ).
- Co kha nang tao phc vi nhieu kim
Hoat ong 6 : Tm hieu phng loai nh lien ket cho nhan .
phap ieu che NH3 : IV. NG DUNG : SGK
V. IEU CHE
- Trong phong th nghiem va trong 1. Trong phong th nghiem :
cong nghiep NH3 c ieu che - Cho muoi amoni tac dung vi kiem
nh the nao ? nong :
- HS nghien cu SGK va tm trong 2NH Cl+Ca(OH) 2NH +
4 2 3
thc te e tra li CaCl2 +2H2O
- un nong dung dch amoniac ac .
- Lam the nao e can bang
chuyen dch ve pha NH3 ? 2 . Trong cong nghiep:
-Co the ap dung cac yeu to t ,
N2(k) + 3H2(k) 2NH3
p , [ ] c khong ?tai sao ?
H = - 92 kJ
- co the dung chat xuc tac g ?
Vi nhiet o : 450 5000C .
- gv dung s o thiet b tong hp
Ap suat : 300 1000 at
NH3 e giai thch qua trnh van
Chat xuc tac : Fe hoat hoa .
chuyen nguyen lieu va san
pham trong thiet b tong hp
NH3 .
- Nghien cu SGK
- Van dung nguyen ly chuyen
dch can bang e tra li :
* tang p
* Thc hien t thap . Tuy nhien
t thch hp khoan 440C
* Dung chat xuc tac .
Gio n 11 c bn
3. Cung co :- Dung bai tap 2 SGK e cung co ve tnh chat hoa hoc
cua NH3 .
4.BTVN: SGK .SBT
Tiet 13 Bai 8: AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI

( tt )
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Giup HS hieu
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua muoi amoni .
- Vai tro quan trong cua amiac va muoi amoni trong i song va trong
ky thuat
HS biet :
- Phng phap ieu che amoniac trong phong th nghiem va trong cong
nghiep .
2. Ky nang :
- Da vao cau tao phan t e giai thch tnh vat ly , hoa hoc muoi
amoni.
- Ren luyen kha nang lap luan logic va kha nang viet cac phng
trnhtrao oi ion
3. Thai o :
- Nang cao tnh cam yeu khoa hoc .
- Co y thc gan nhng hieu biet ve khoa hoc vi i song .
4. Trong tam :
- Hieu c cac tnh chat vat ly muoi amoni .
- Hieu ro vai tro quan trong muoi amoni trong i song va trong san
xuat .
II. PHNG PHAP :
Trc quan - am thoai phat van
III. CHUAN B :
- Dung cu va hoa chat
- Tranh hnh 3.8 SGK .
1. Kiem tra :
* Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cuaAmoniac ? VD minh hoa ?
* Bai 5/ 64 SGK .
* Bai 2 SGK (3)
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai I. TNH CHAT VAT LY :
- Cho HS quan sat tinh the muoi - La nhng hp chat tinh the ion , Phan
amoni clorua. t gom cation NH4+ va anion goc axit .
Vay muoi amoni co nhng tnh - Muoi amoni eu de tan trong nc va
chat g ? khi tan ien ly hoan toan thanh cac ion .
Hoat ong 2 : V du :
- Hoa cac tinh the muoi amoni NH4Cl NH4+ + Cl-
clorua vao nc , dung qui tm Ion NH4+ khong co mau .
Gio n 11 c bn
e th moi trng cua d2 II . TNH CHAT HOA HOC
NH4Cl 1 . Phan ng trao oi ion : vi dung
- Hay nhan xet trang thai , dch kiem va dung dch muoi. VD :
mau sac , tnh tan va o pH ? * (NH4)2SO4+ 2 NaOH 2NH3 + Na2SO4 +
- HS quan sat tra li : 2H2O . (1)
NH4Cl la tinh the khong mau de NH4+ + OH- NH3 +H2O
tan ,pH < 7
Phan ng nay dung e ieu che
Hoat ong 3 :
NH3 trong PTN
Tm hieu Tnh chat hoa hoc
cua muoi amoni . * NH4Cl +AgNO3 AgCl + NH4NO3 (2)
GV : Hng dan HS lam th Cl- +Ag+ AgCl
nghiem : Cac phan ng tren la phan ng trao
Chia dd Nh4Cl tren vao 2 ong oi .
nghiem 2 Phan ng nhiet phan :
- Ong 1 : NH4Cl + NaOH Khi un nong cac muoi amoni de b
- Ong 2 : NH4Cl + AgNO3 . nhiet phan , tao thanh nhng san
- HS quan sat hien tng , viet pham khac nhau .
phng trnh phan t va ion
rut gon a. Muoi amoni tao bi axt khong co
- GV nhan xet bo sung : tnh oxihoa :
Cac p tren la phan ng Khi un nong b phan huy thanh
trao oi ion . amoniac va axit
phan ng 1 ion NH4+ nhng V du :
NH4Cl(r ) t NH3(k) + HCl(k) .
o
proton cho ion OH- nen NH4+ la

axit ( dd lam quy tm hoa o )
(NH4)2CO3 t NH3 + NH4HCO3
o
A. Hoat ong 4
NH4HCO3 t NH3 + CO2 + H2O
o
- GV hng dan th nghiem:

Cho NH4Cl vao ong nghiem, un NH4HCO3 thng goi la bot n .
nong . b. Muoi tao bi axt co tnh oxihoa :
HS nhan xet va giai thch : - Nh axt nitr , axt nitric khi b nhiet phan
- Muoi ay ong nghiem cho ra N2 hoac N2O va nc .
het , xuat hien muoi gan V du :
NH4NO2 t N2 + 2H2O .
o
mieng ong nghiem .

NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O .
o
t
- Giai thch , viet phng trnh
Nhan xet : muoi NH4Cl thang

hoa .
- Yeu cau HS lay them mot
so v du : NH4HCO3 thng goi
la bot n .
GV phan tch va Ket luan

-Da vao phan ng gv phan
tch e hs thay c ban chat
cua phan ng phan huy
muoi amoni
-Ve nguyen tac : tuy thuoc
vao axit tao thanh ma NH3 co
the b oxi hoa thanh cac san
pham khac nhau .
3. Cung co :- Dung bai tap 6 SGK e cung co
Gio n 11 c bn
4.BTVN: SGK .SBT
Tiet 14 Bai 9 : AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT

I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Hieu c tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua axt nitric va muoi nitrat .
- Biet phng phap ieu che axt nitric trong phong th nghiem va trong
cong nghiep
2. Ky nang :
- Ren ky nang viet phng trnh phan ng oxihoa - kh va phan ng
trao oi ion .
- Ren ky nang quan sat , nhan xet va suy luan logic
3. Thai o :
- Than trong khi s dung hoa chat .
- Co y thc gi gn an toan khi lam viec vi hoa chat va bao ve
moi trng .
4. Trong tam :
- Biet cau tao phan t , tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua axt nitric va
muoi nitrat .
- Biet phng phap ieu che axt nitric trong phong th nghiem va san
xuat axt nitric trong cong nghiep .
- Ren luyen ky nang viet phng trnh phan ng oxihoa kh .
II. PHNG PHAP :
Trc quan Neu va giai quyet van e - am thoai .
III. CHUAN B :
Dung cu : Ong nghiem , gia , ong nho giot , en con
Hoa chat : Axt HNO3 ac va loang , d2 H2SO4 loang , d2 BaCl2 ,d2 NaNO3 ,
NaNO3
Tinh the Cu(NO3)2 tinh the , Cu , S .
1. Kiem tra :
* Cho biet tnh chat hoa hoc cua NH3 ? phan ng minh hoa ?
* Tnh chat cua muoi amoni ? cho v du minh hoa ?
2. Bai mi :
Gio n 11 c bn
Hoat ong 1 : Cau tao nguyen I CAU TAO PHAN T :
t - CTPT : HNO3
- Viet CTCT , xac nh so oxihoa - CTCT :
, hoa tr cua nit ? HONO
HS :Viet cong thc, tra li
-Giao vien nhan xet ? O
- Nit co hoa tr IV va so oxihoa la
Hoat ong 2: +5
- Cho HS quan sat lo axt HNO3 II TNH CHAT VAT LY :
nhan xet trang thai vat ly - La chat long khong mau
cua axt ? - Boc khoi manh trong khong kh am
-HS : quan sat , phat hien tnh - D = 1,53g/cm3 , t0s = 860C .
chat vat ly cua HNO3 . - Axt nitric khong ben , phan huy 1
- Gv m nut bnh ng HNO3 ac phan
- un mot chut xu HNO3 . 4HNO3 4 NO2 + O2 + 2H2O
- Hs theo doi cac thao tac cua dung dch axit co mau vang hoac nau
giao vien , neu c mot so .
tnh chat cua axit HNO3 - Axt nitric tan vo han trong nc (Thc
GV nhan xet bo sung: te dung HNO3 68%)
Axit HNO3 cat gi lau ngay co
mau vang do NO2 phan huy tan
vao axit
can cat gi trong bnh sam
mau , boc bang giay en III . TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
Hoat ong 3: 1 . Tnh axt :
Yeu cau HS neu tnh chat - La mot trong so cac axt manh
chung cua axit ? nhat , trong dung dch :
Lay VD minh hoa tnh axt cua HNO3 H+ + NO3-
HNO3? - Dung dch axt HNO3 co ay u tnh
-Hs lien he kien thc cu tra chat cua mot dung dch axt .
li Tac dung vi oxit baz , baz , muoi , kim
- Hs viet phng trnh phan ng loai
HNO3 tac dung vi : caO , NaOH , 2 .Tnh oxi hoa :
CaCO3 - La mot trong nhng axt co tnh oxi
hoa manh nhat .
- Gv neu van e : Tai sao HNO3 - Tuy vao nong o cua axt va ban
co tnh oxihoa ? chat cua chat kh ma HNO3 co the
- V HNO3 , N co so oxihoa cao b kh en : NO2 , NO , N2O , N2 , NH4NO3 .
nhat +5 , trong phan ng co s a. Vi kim loai :
thay oi so oxihoa , so oxihoa - HNO3 oxihoa hau het cac kim loai
cua nit giam xuong gia tr (tr vang va platin ) khong giai phong
thap hn kh H2 , do ion NO3 co kha nang oxihoa
GV nhan xet manh hn H+ .
* Vi nhng kim loai co tnh kh
yeu : Cu , Ag . . .
- GV hng dan th nghiem : HNO3 ac b kh en NO2
* Cu +HNO3() Cu + 4HNO3() Cu(NO3)2 +2NO2 +2H2O
* Cu +HNO3(l) a2 HNO3 loang b kh en NO
3Cu + 8HNO3(l) 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
* Khi tac dung vi nhng kim loai
Gv bo sung : co tnh kh manh hn : Mg, Zn ,Al . . .
Gio n 11 c bn
Vi nhng kim loai :Mg , Zn , - HNO3 ac b kh en NO2
Al . . .Khi tac dung vi HNO3 - HNO3 loang b kh en N2O hoac N2
loang th san pham : N2O , N2 , - HNO3 rat loang b kh en NH3
NO, NH4NO3 . (NH4NO3)
8Al + 30HNO3(l) 8Al(NO3)3 + 3N2O + 15H2O
- GV bo sung : 5Mg + 12HNO3(l) 5Mg(NO3)2 + N2 + 6H2O
Muoi tao thanh co hoa tr cao 4Zn + 10HNO3(l) Zn(NO3)2 + NH4NO3 +
nhat . 3H2O
- GV lam th nghiem :
Fe , Al nhung vao dd HNO3 ac , - Fe, Al b thu ong hoa trong dung dch
nguoi . sau o nhung vao cac HNO ac nguoi
3
dung dch axit khac : HCl , H 2 SO4
loang
- HS quan sat va nhan xet .
Fe ,Al thu ong trong HNO3 ac
nguoi . - Hon hp 1the tch HNO3 va 3 the tch
- GV thong bao :Nc cng HCl c goi la nc cng thuy , co
thuy hoa tan c Au va Pt : the hoa tan vang hay platin :
HNO3 + 3HCl Cl2 + NOCl+ 2H2O Au + HNO3 +3HCl AuCl3 +NO +2H2O .
NOCl NO + Cl
Clo nguyen t co kha nang
phan ng rat ln .
Hoat ong 4: b. Tac dung vi phi kim :
- Gv lam th nghiem : Tac - Khi un nong HNO3 ac co the tac
dung vi phi kim dung c vi C, P ,S . . .
* S + HNO3 un nong nhe sau o V Du :
cho vai giot BaCl2 ? S + 6HNO3() H2SO4 +6NO2+2H2O
- HS nhan xet viet phng trnh
phan ng C + 4HNO3() CO2 + 4NO2 + 2H2O
- HS quan sat hien tng : c. Tac dung vi hp chat :
Thay thoat kh mau nau co NO2 - H2S , HI, SO2 , FeO , muoi sat (II) . . . co
.Khi nho dung dch BaCl2 thay co the tac dung vi HNO3 - Nguyen to b
ket tua mau trang co ion SO42 - oxihoa trong hp chat chuyen len mc
* Tng t viet phng trnh C vi oxi hoa cao hn:
HNO3 ?
3FeO +10HNO3(l) 3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O
GV ket luan : Nh vay HNO3
3H2S + 2HNO3(l) 3S + 2NO + 4H2O .
khong nhng tac dung vi kim
- Nhieu hp chat hu c nh giay ,
loai ma con tac dung vi mot
vai , dau thong . . . boc chay khi tiep
so phi kim .
xuc vi HNO3 ac .
- GV mo ta th nghiem :
Neu nho dung dch HNO3 vao Vay : HNO3 co tnh axt manh va co
H2S thay xuat hien ket tua tnh oxi hoa .
nau trang uc, co kh khong IV . NG DUNG :SGK
mau hoa nau , hay viet phng V IEU CHE :
trnh 1 . Trong phong th nghiem :
o
NaNO3(r ) + H2SO4() t HNO3 + NaHSO4 .
- Tng t hay viet phung trnh
vi FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe(OH)2 HNO3 2. Trong cong nghiep :
- c san xuat t amoniac
- nhiet o 850 900 0C , xuc tac hp
Hoat ong 5 : kim Pt va Ir :
Neu phng phap ieu che 4NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
Gio n 11 c bn
HNO3 trong phong th nghiem ? H = - 907kJ
HS da vao SGK e tra li . - Oxi hoa NO thanh NO2 :
2NO + O2 2NO2 .
Trong cong nghiep HNO3 ieu - Chuyen hoa NO2 thanh HNO3 :
che t nguon nguyen lieu nao 4NO2 +2H2O +O2 4HNO3 .
? chia lam may giai oan ? Viet - Dung dch HNO3 thu c co nong o
phng trnh ? 60 - 62% . Chng cat vi H2SO4 am
- GV tom tat cac giai oan bang ac thu c d2 HNO3 96 98% .
s o
NH3 NO NO2 HNO3
Viet Ptp cho moi giai oan
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 15 Bai 9: AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT
( tt )
I. MUC TIEU :
a trnh bay tiet 23
* Trong tam :
Tnh chat cua muoi Nitrat .
II. PHNG PHAP :
am thoai gi m neu van e .
III. CHUAN B :
- Cac t lieu lien quan en muoi nitrat .
- Dung cu : ong nghiem , en con , gia .
- NaNO3 , Cu(NO3)2
1. Kiem tra :
* Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua axit Nitric ? lay v du minh hoa ?
* Hoan thanh chuoi :
N2 NO NO2 HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 Cu(NO3)2
NH4NO3
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua thay Hoat ong cua tro Noi dung
Hoat ong 1 : Vao I. TNH CHAT CUA
bai MUOI NITRAT :
Giai thch cau ca dao : Hs giai thch cau ca 1. Tnh chat vat ly :
Lua chiem lap lo dao . - De tan trong nc va
au b Muon giai quyet chat ien ly manh
He nghe tieng sam van e gv a ra HS .trong dung dch , chung
phat c ma len nghien cu bai mi . phan ly hoan toan
Muoi nitrat co nhieu thanh cac ion .
ng dung vi cuoc V du :
song , vay chung co Muoi cua axit nitric Ca(NO3) Ca2+ +
nhng tnh chat g ? goi la muoi nitrat . 2NO3-
Hoat ong 2 : V du : NaNO3 , Cu(NO3) KNO3 K+ + NO3-
- Gv neu van e : HS nghien cu SGK - Ion NO3 khong co
Muoi nitrat la g ? cho v tra li mau , mau cua mot
du ? so muoi nitrat la do
Viet phng trnh mau cua cation kim
Cho biet ve ac ien ly cua mot so loai.
iem ve tnh tan cua muoi : KNO3 . NH4NO3 . . 2 - Tnh chat hoa hoc
muoi nitrat ? Cac muoi nitrat de
GV lam th nghiem : b phan huy khi un
hoa tan cac muoi vao nong
nc . - HS nghien cu SGK a. Muoi nitrat cua
GV bo sung : tra li cac kim loai hoat
Mot so muoi nitrat de ong :
b chay ra , nh - B phan huy thanh
NaNO3, NH4NO3 . - Hs quan sat th nghiem muoi nitrit + kh O2
va giai thch 2KNO3 2KNO3 +O2
Hoat ong 3 : b. Muoi nitrat cua
- Khi un nong muoi cac kim loai t Mg
nitrat b phan huy nh Cu :
the nao ? - B phan huy thanh
- Gv lam th nghiem : oxit kim loai + NO2 +
Gio n 11 c bn
NaNO3 ran t
o
O2
to
Cu(NO3)2 ran t
o
2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO +
- at len tren mieng
ong nghiem que om 4NO2 + O2
co than hong . c. Muoi cua nhng
HS quan sat nhan xet ,
GV tong ket kim loai kem hoat
viet phng trnh
Bo sung : ong :
- nhiet o cao muoi - B phan huy thanh
nitrat la nguon cung kim loai + NO2
cap oxi.Cho muoi nitrat + O2
o
vao than nong o , 2AgNO3 t 2Ag + 2NO2
than bung chay , hon + O2
hp muoi nitrat va hp HS tm hieu thc te , 3 Nhan biet ion
chat hu c de bat SGK e tra li : nitrat :
chay. - Khi co mat ion H+ va
- Khi 2 ong nghiem a NO3- the hien tnh
nguoi oxihoa giong nh HNO3
* Ong 1 : + H2SO4 loang - V vay dung Cu +
H2SO4 e nhan biet
* Ong 2 + H2O , lac muoi nitrat
V du :
Hoat ong 4: 3Cu+8H++2NO3-3Cu2+ +
Hng dan th 2NO +4H2O.
nghiem : 2NO + O2 2NO2
Cu + NaNO3 themH2SO4 (nau
vao dung dch . o )
II . NG DUNG CUA
MUOI NITRAT :
GV ket luan -Dung e lam phan
bon hoa hoc
- Kalinitrat con c s
dung e che thuoc no
Hoat ong 5 : en .
- Muoi nitrat co nhng C .CHU TRNH CUA
ng dung g ? NIT TRONG T
NHIEN :
( SGK )
- Trong t nhien Nit
ton tai au ? dang
nao ? luan chuyen
trogn t nhien nh the
nao ?
3. Cung co :
NO NO2 HNO3 Ca(NO3)2 t
o
?
N2
NH3 NO NO2 HNO3 NH4NO3 t
o
?
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 16. Bai 10. PHOTPHO
i. mc tiu
1. Kin thc
- Gip hc sinh bit: V tr, cu hnh e, tnh cht vt l ca cc dng th hnh,
ng dng v cc trng thi tn ti ca photpho trong t nhin
- Gip hc sinh hiu: Tnh cht ho hc, gii thch c tnh cht ho hc v cc
pp iu ch P
2. K nng
- Tip tc rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho cho tinh cht
ho hc ca P
- K nng nghin cu sch gio khoa, thc hnh v quan st rt ra kt lun t th
nghim
ii. Chun b
1. Gio vin: My vi tnh, my Projecter, phiu hc tp, bi ging trn my.
2. Hc sinh:- Lp chia thnh 9 nhm hc tp.
Mt t chun b trc phn iu ch photpho trong cng nghip.
Mt t chun b trc phn tm hiu v vai tr sinh hc ca photpho.
3. Cn b phng th nghim chun b:
+ 9 b th nghim cho 9 nhm , mi b gm:
- 1 l ng photpho
- 1 bnh Eclen ng kh oxi
- 1 cc ng dung dch NaOH c nh vi git phenolphtalein
- 1 cc ng dung dch CuSO4
- n cn
- Dim
+ 1 b th nghim cho gio vin gm:
- 1 b th nghim nh trn
- 1 l ng photpho trng
iii. thit k cc hot ng
1. Kim tra: khng
2. Bi mi:
Vo bi mi
Trong cc bi hc trc y chng ta cng tm hiu v nguyn t
nit v cc hp cht ca nit, bi hm nay c s gii thiu vi cc em mt nguyn t
ng sau nit trong phn nhm chnh V, nguyn t ny c Vin s A.E. Fec-
x-man gi l nguyn t ca s sng v t duy. l nguyn t photpho.
B. Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Ni dung bi hc

Hot ng 1 I. V tr v cu hnh electron
GV: T v tr ca photpho trong HTTH nguyn t
Hy cho bit: KHHH, KLNT, STT, cu K hiu ho hc: 15P
hnh e. V tr : chu k 3, phn nhm VA
Hot ng 2 Cu hnh electron: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3.
GV: - Cho HS xem hnh nh cu trc tinh II. Tnh cht vt l:
th ca P v Ptrng. Photpho c 2 dng hnh th quan trng l:
- Cho HS quan st l ng P v Ptrng P: Pn (cu trc Polime)
Ptrng: P4 (cu trc mng tinh th phn t)
Pht phiu hc tp s 1 cho HS P Ptrng
Gio n 11 c bn
HS: Hon thnh ni dung theo yu cu - Cht R mu , - Cht R trong sut
GV:- Gi 2 nhm HS ln bng hon thnh. dng bt. trng ging nh sp.
Yu cu cc HS khc nhn xt, b sung. - t0nc: 5000C - t0nc: 440C.
GV: M p n. 6000C. - Khng tan trong n-
GV:- Dnh s chuyn ho t P - Khng tan trong c, tan trong mt s
Ptrng v ngc li. bt k dung mi dmhc: benzen,
no. - Rt c.
-Km bn nhit
- Khng c. thng.
- Bn nhit
thng.
HS: Ln bng in vo trng.
GV: M p n t0, Hi P ngui
pcao nh sng, t
o
P Ptrng
Hot ng 3 II. Tnh cht ho hc:
GV: Nhn xt chuyn sang phn II * Nhn xt:
Hi: T cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng S oxi ho ca P c th :
hy nhn xt v s thay i s oxi ho - Tng t 0 -> +3, +5
ca photpho khi tham gia phn ng ho - Gim t 0 -> -3
hc ==> tnh cht. ==> P th hin - Tnh kh
HS: Tr li - Tnh oxi ho
GV: Lu : Him khi gp s oxi ho +1, 1. Tnh kh:
+2, +4 ca photpho trong cc hp cht. - Tc dng vi oxi:
GV: Chuyn vo phn 1 0 0 +5 2
Pht phiu hc tp s 2 4P + 5O2 = 2P2O5
HS: Theo di hng dn lm th nghim:
- Mi nhm c 2 HS thc hin. iphotpho pentaoxit
- Ghi ni dung theo yu cu vo phiu - Tc dng vi cc phi kim khc: halozen,
hc tp lu hunh. +5 +3
GV: Bao qut lp, dnh phiu hc tp s 2 VD: PCl5, P2S3
ln bng. - Tc dng vi cc hp cht c tnh oxi
HS: Ln bng hon thnh ni dung ca ho mnh: HNO3, KClO3...
phiu hc tp s 2. 2. Tnh oxi ho:
GV: - M p n. - Tc dng vi mt s kim loi mnh (K, Na,
- M t cho HS v phn ng oxi ho Ca)
chm Ptrng trong bng ti. Cho bit nng
lng ca phn ng khng pht ra di dng VD: Ca3P2-3
nhit m di dng nh sng gi l s - Hp cht ca photpho vi hiro: P -3H3
pht quang ho hc. (photphin) . PH3 km bn kh iu ch
- Gii thiu phn tc dng vi cc phi kim trc tip t P v H2
khc v hp cht c tnh oxi ho mnh. 3 150 0 C 5
Hot ng 4 2 P H 3 4O 02 P2 O 5 2 3H 2 O 2
GV: Gii thiu mt s hp cht ca P vi => Nhn xt: PH3 d b oxi ho hn
kim loi v hiro. NH3.
HS: Xc nh s oxi ho ca P trong cc * Kt lun: c trng cho tnh hot ng
hp cht ca photpho l kh nng d b oxi ho.
GV: Cho HS xem hnh nh m hnh
phn t PH3. III. ng dng v iu ch:
Hi: Cu to phn t PH3 ging cu to 1. ng dng:
phn t no hc? - Phn ln photpho c dng iu ch
HS: Tr li: axit photphoric
P P2O5 H3PO4.
2 3
L in
Ca 3 P 2 ,
Gio n 11 c bn
GV: Cho m in ca: P = 2,1 - Photpho dng ch to dim.
N = 3,0 2. iu ch:
H = 2,1 Trong cng nghip:
Hi: So snh bn lin kt PH, NH? Ca3(PO4)2 + 3SiO2 + 5C lodien

So snh tnh kh ca PH3 v NH3. 3CaSiO3 + 2P + 5CO
GV: Gii thch hin tng ma tri i IV. Trng thi thin nhin
khi gp ngoi ngha a: Do PH3 c ln - Photpho chim khong 0,08% khi lng
P2H4 (iphotphin) thot ra t t thi ang v tri t.
thi ra t bc chy trong khng kh C trong thnh phn chnh
iu kin thng. ca qung apatit
GV: Cho m in ca : P = 2,1; Ca5F(PO4)3 v photphorit Ca3(PO4)2.
N=3,0
Hi: So snh tnh phi kim v kh nng
hot ng ho hc iu kin thng
ca nit v photpho, cho v d minh
ho?
HS: Tr li
Hot ng 5
Hi: Trong t nhin photpho c tn ti
dng t do khng? Ti sao?
HS: Tr li
GV: M trn my gii thiu mt s qung
cha photpho,
Bi tp v nh
- Hon thnh ni dung phiu hc tp s 1 vo v ghi.
- Hon thnh ni dung phiu hc tp s 3 vo v bi tp.
- Lm cc bi tp t 1- 6 trang 57 SGK.
C. Phiu hc tp s 1
- HS c SGK trang 54, phn I.
- Quan st mu P, Ptrng.
- Hy cho bit:
P Ptrng
- Trng thi, mu sc: - Trng thi, mu sc.
- T nc:
0
- T0nc
- Tnh tan: - Tnh tan:
- Tnh c: - Tnh c
- Tnh bn nhit th- Tnh bn nhit thng:
ng:
- Nhm 1, 2, 3, 4 hon thnh ni dung phn P
- Nhm 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 hon thnh ni dung phn Ptrng
- Thi gian hon thnh: 2
- HS cch 7 8 dng v nh hon thnh ni dung ny vo v.
D.
E. Phiu hc tp s 2
Cu 1: iu kin thng, pht pho hot ng ho hc mnh hn Nit,
do.
A: Nguyn t photpho c m in nh hn nguyn t NIt
Gio n 11 c bn
B: Nguyn t photpho c in tch ht nhn, ln hn nguyn t
nit
C: Nguyn t photpho c obitan 3d cn trng, cn nguyn t Nit
khng c.
D: Lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t phot pho km bn
hn lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t Nit
E: Photpho trng thi rn, cn Nit trng thi kh.
Cu 2: Cho 44 gam dung dch NaOH 10% tc dng vi 10(g) dung
dch axt photphoric 39,2 %. Mui thu c sau phn ng l.
A. NaHPO4 B. NaH2PO4 C. Na3PO4 D.
Na2HPO4 v NaH2PO4
Cu 3: Hon thnh chui phn ng:

a. Ca3(PO4)2 P Ca3P2 PH3 P2O5 H3PO4 Na3PO4 Ag3PO4
b. P P2O3 P2O5 HPO3H3PO4Na3PO4 Ag3PO4
c. Ca3(PO4)2 P H3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2Ca(H2PO4)2 CaHPO4
Ca(H2PO4)2
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 17. Bai 11: AXIT PHOTPHORIC VA MUOI PHOTPHAT .
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Biet cau tao phan t cua axt photphoric .
- Biet tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua axt photphoric .
- Biet tnh chat va nhan biet muoi photphat .
- Biet ng dung va ieu che axt photphoric .
2. Ky nang :
Van dung kien thc ve axt photphoric va muoi photphat e giai cac
bai tap
3. Trong tam :
- Biet cau tao phan t , tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua axt
photphoric , tnh chat cua cac muoi photphat .
- Biet nhng ng dung va phng phap ieu che axt photphoric
II. PHNG PHAP :
Trc quan am thoai neu van e .
III. CHUAN B :
* Hoa chat : H2SO4ac , Dung dch AgNO3 , d2 Na3PO4 , d2 KNO3 .
* Dung cu : ong nghiem .
1. Kiem tra :
- So sanh cau tao va tnh chat l hoa hoc cua P trang va P o ?
- Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua P ? cho v du minh hoa ?
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua thay va tro Noi dung ghi bang

Hoat ong 1 : vao bai
H3PO4 co tnh chat g giong va
khac HNO3 ? e biet ieu o ta I .AXIT PHOTPHORIC :
nghien cu bai mi . 1 . Cau tao phan t :
HO
Hoat ong 2: HOP=O
- Viet CTCT cua H3PO4 ? HO
- Ban chat lk gia cac nguyen Photpho co hoa tr V va so
t trong phan oxihoa +5 .
t la g ? Xac nh so oxi hoa 2 . Tnh chat vat ly :
cua P ? - La chat ran , trong suot khong
HS nghien cu lan lt tra li ? mau , hao nc tan nhieu trong
nc .
Hoat ong 3 : - Khong bay hi , khong oc , t0 =
Cho HS quan sat lo axt H 3PO4 , 42,30C .
nhan xet va cho biet tnh chat - Dung dch ac sanh , co nong o
cua axit ? 80% .
3 .Tnh chat hoa hoc :
a. Tnh oxihoa kh : Axt H3PO4
Hoat ong 4 : khong co tnh oxihoa nh axt nitric v
- Da vao so oxihoa cua P co photpho mc oxihoa +5 ben hn .
the d oan tnh chat hoa hoc
cua axit H3PO4 ? b. Tac dung bi nhiet : H3PO4 de
- GV: nhan xet , giai thch ; b mat nc :
0 0
H3PO4 khong co tnh oxihoa v 200 250 C 400 500 C
trang thai oxihoa +5 kha ben H3PO4 H4P2O7 HPO3
Gio n 11 c bn
- Viet phng trnh ien ly cua photphoric+H2O iphotphoric +H2Ometaphotphoric
H3PO4 ? c. Tnh axt :
- Axt H3PO4 la axt ba lan axt ,co o
manh trung bnh :
H3PO4 H+ + H2PO4-
- Trong dung dch H3PO4 ton tai cac K1 =7,610-3
ion g ? H2PO4- H+ + HPO42-
- Cho 2 nhom HS viet phng trnh K1 = 6,210-3
gia axt va oxit baz , baz ? HPO42- H+ + PO43-
- Xet t nbaz /naxit = x nh the nao K1 = 4,410-3
tao ra muoi axt , trung hoa hoac - Dung dch H PO co nhng tnh chat
3 4
hon hp cac muoi ? chung cua axt :VD :
* x < 1: NaH2PO4 d axt. Tac dung vi oxit baz hoac baz
* x = 1: NaH2PO4 H3PO4 + NaOH NaH2PO4+ H2O
* 1 < x < 2 : NaH2PO4va Na2HPO4
H3PO4+2NaOH Na2HPO4+ 2H2O
* x = 2 : Na2HPO4
* 2 < x < 3 : Na2HPO4 va Na3PO4 H3PO4+ 3NaOH Na3PO4+ 3H2O
* x = 3 : Na3PO4 4 . ieu che va ng dung :
* x > 3 : Na3PO4 d baz a. Trong phong th nghiem : Dung
HNO3 30% oxihoa P :
GV nhan xet 3P+5HNO3+2H2O3H3PO4 +5NO
b. Trong cong nghiep :
- Phng phap chiet : Cho H2SO4
ac tac dung vi quang photphorit
Hoat ong 5: hoac quang apatit :
- H3PO4 c ieu che nh the Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 3CaSO4 +
nao ? 2H3PO4
- Phng phap nhiet : ieu che
H3PO4 tinh khiet hn :
4P + 5O2 2P2O5 .
P2O5 +3H2O 2H3PO4 .
ng dung : Dung e san xuat
- Neu ng dung cua H3PO4 ? phan bon vo c , nhuom vai , san
xuat men s , dung trong cong
Ngoai ra con co the thuy phan nghiep dc pham .
dan xuat Halogen :
PX5 + 4H2O H3PO4 + 5HX
Hoat ong 6 : Vao bai II MUOI PHOTPHAT :
- Da vao nh ngha ve muoi La muoi cua axt photphoric : muoi
nitrat cho biet muoi phot phat la trung hoa va hai muoi axit .
g ? Co 3 loai :
- Viet phan ng cua H3PO4 vi Muoi ihirophotphat
NaOH theo nhng t le khac nhau Muoin hirophotphat
? Muoi photphat.
Cac muoi tao thanh goi la muoi V du :
phot phat . Na3PO4 , K2HPO4 , Ca(H2PO4)2 .
1 Tnh chat :
Hoat ong 7 : a. Tnh tan :
- Co bao nhieu loai muoi phot - Cac muoi ihirophotphat eu tan
phat ? cho v du trong nc .
- Cac muoi hirophotphat va photphat
trung hoa ch co muoi natri ,kali ,
Gio n 11 c bn
amoni la de tan con cua cac kim
- Gv lam th nghiem : loai khac khong tan hoac t tan trong
* Hoa tan NaH2PO4 nc .
* Hoa tan Ca3(PO4)2
b. Phan ng thuy phan :
- Viet cac phng trnh ien li cua Cac muoi photphat tan b thuy phan
Na3PO4 ? cho biet PH cua moi trong dung dch :
trng ? V Du:
Na3PO4 + H2O Na2HPO4 + NaOH
PO43- + H2O HPO42- + OH- .
Dung dch co moi trng kiem .
2 Nhan biet ion photphat :

- Thuoc th la dung dch AgNO3 .
VD :
Hoat ong 8 : 3AgNO3+Na3PO4Ag3PO4+3NNO3
Gv lam th nghiem :
3Ag+ + PO43- Ag3PO4 (mau
AgNO3 + Na3PO4
vang )
Sau o nho vai giot HNO3 .
Ket tua tan c trong HNO3 loang
Gv ket luan .
3.Cung co : Cho hoc sinh lam mot so bai tap :

Bai 1: Chon nhom muoi tan trong cac nhom muoi sau ay
A. Na3PO4 , BaHPO4 , Ca3(PO4)2 B.K3PO4 , Ca(H2PO4)2 , (NH4)2HPO4
C.NaH2PO4 , Mg3(PO4)2 , K2HPO4 D.(NH4)3PO4 , Ba(H2PO4)2 , MgHPO4 .
Bai 2 : Viet phng trnh ion rut gon cua cac phan ng sau( neu co )
A. NaOH + (NH4)2HPO4 C. BaCl2 + NaH2PO4
B. MgCl2 + Na3PO4 D. Ca(OH)2 + K2HPO4
Bai 3: Bang phng phap hoa hoc nhan biet cac chat bot sau :
Na3PO4 , NaNO3 , MgHPO4 , CaCO3
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 18. Bai 12: PHAN BON HOA HOC
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Biet c nguyen to dinh dng nao can thiet cho cay trong .
- Biet c thanh phan mot so loai phan bon thng dung .
- Biet cach bao quan va s dung mot so phan bon hoa hoc .
2. Ky nang :
- Co kha nang nhan biet mot so loai phan bon hoa hoc
- Co kha nang anh gia chat lng tng loai phan bon hoa hoc .
3. Trong tam :
Xac nh c thanh phan va ng dung tng loai phan .
II. CHUAN B :
Tranh anh , t lieu ve san xuat cac loai phan bon viet nam .
III. THIET KE CAC HOAT ONG :
1. Kiem tra :
Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng :
HNO3 H3PO4 NaH2PO4 Na2HPO4 Na3PO4 Ca3(PO4)2
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai I. PHAN AM :
GT: Phan lan , kali , ure - Phan am la nhng hp chat cung cap
Hoat ong 2 : Nit cho cay trong .
- Gv at he thong cau hoi : - Tac dung : kch thch qua trnh sinh
* Phan am la g ? Chia lam trng cua cay , tang t le protein
may loai ? thc vat .
* ac iem cua tng loai ? - o dinh dng anh gia bang %N trong
Cach s dung? phan .
Hs tm hieu sgk va da vao 1.Phan am Amoni :
hieu biet thc te e tra - La cac muoi amoni :
li . NH4Cl , (NH4)2SO4 , NH4NO3
Gv nhan xet y kien cua - Dung bon cho cac loai at t chua .
HS . 2. Phan am Nitrat :
- ac iem cua phan am - La cac muoi Nitrat
amoni ? NaNO3 , Ca(NO3)2
- Co the bon phan am ieu che :
amoni vi voi bot e kh Muoi cacbonat + HNO3
chua c khong ? tai sao ? 3. Ure :
Co cha goc NH4+ co moi - CTPT : (NH2)2CO , 46%N
trng axit - ieu che :
Khong the c v xay ra CO2 + 2NH3 (NH2)2CO + H2O
phan ng : II. PHAN LAN :
CaO + NH4+ Ca2+ + NH3 + H2O Cung cap photpho cho cay di dang ion
- Phan am amoni va phan photphat PO43-
am nitrat co iem g giong Can thiet cho cay thi ky sinh
va khac nhau ? trng .
- Vung at chua nen bon anh gia bang ham lng %P2O5 tng
phan g ?vung kiem th sao ? ng vi lng photpho co trong thanh
-eu cha N phan cua no
-Amoni co moi trng axit Nguyen lieu : quang photphoric va
con Nitrat co moi trng apatit .
trung tnh . 1. Phan lan nung chay :
Gio n 11 c bn
=> Vung at chua bon nitrat - Thanh phan : hon hp photphat va
vung at kiem bon amoni . silicat cua canxi va magie
- Tai sao Ure c s dung - Cha 12-14% P2O5
rong rai ? - Khong tan trong nc , thch hp cho
- Giai oan nao cua cay trong lng at chua .
oi hoi nhieu phan am 2. Phan lan t nhien :
hn ? Dung trc tiep quang photphat lam phan
do ure trung tnh va ham bon .
lng n cao .
giai oan sinh trng cua 3. Super photphat :
cay . - Thanh phan chnh la Ca(H2PO4)2
Hoat ong 3 : a. Sper photphat n :
- Phan lan la g ?Co may Cha 14-20% P2O5
loai phan lan ? ieu che :
- Cach anh gia o dinh Ca3(PO4)2 + 2H2SO4 2CaSO4 + Ca(H2PO4)2
dng ? b. .Super photphat kep :
- Nguyen lieu san xuat ? Cha 40-50% P2O5
- Phan lan can cho cay trong - San xuat qua 2 giai oan :
giai oan nao ? Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 2H3PO4 +3CaSO4
HS: -Phan co cha nguyen Ca3(PO4)2 + 4H3PO4 3Ca(H2PO4)2
to P III. PHAN KALI :
- Co 2 loai . - Cung cap nguyen to Kali cho cay di
- da vao % P2O5 dang ion K+
-Quang - Tac dung : tang cng sc chong
Thi ky sinh trng benh , chong ret va chu han cua cay
GV: - Tai sao phan lan t - anh gia bang ham lng % K2O
nhien va phan lan nung IV. MOT SO LOAI PHAN KHAC
chay khong tan trong nc 1. Phan hon hp va phan phc hp
nhng van s dung lam phan :
bon ? - La loai phan cha ong thi hai hoac
HS: se c mot so vi khuan 3 nuyen to dinh dng c ban .
trong at phan huy . * Phan hon hp :
GV: Chung thch hp cho nhng - Cha ca 3 nguyen to N , P , K c goi
loai cay nao ? tai sao ? la phan NPK
- Super photphat n va super - No c tron t cac phan n theo t
photphat kep giong va khac le N:P:K nhat nh tuy theo loai at
nhau nh the nao ? trong .
Tai sao goi la n , kep ? * Phan phc hp :
HS: eu la Ca(H2PO4)2 San xuat bang tng tac hoa hoc cua
Khac nhau ve ham lng P cac chat .
trong phan 2. Phan vi lng
Do co giai oan san xuat - Cung cap nhng hp chat cha cac
khac nhau . nguyen to nh Bo, kem , Mn , Cu , Mo
Hoat ong 4 : - Cay trong ch can mot lng rat
GV:- Phan Kali la g ? nho .
- Nhng loai hp chat nao - Phan vi lng c a vao at cung
c dung lam phan kali ? vi phan bon vo c hoac hu c .
HS: phan co cha K:KCl , NH4Cl
GV:- Phan K can thiet cho cay

ntn?
HS:- Chong beng , tang sc
chu ng .
Gio n 11 c bn
Hoat ong 5 :
- Phan hon hp va phan
phc hp giong va khac
nhau nh the nao ?
-eu cha nhieu nguyen to
trong phan
- Khac nhau trong qua trnh
ieu che .
- Co nhng loai phan hon
hp va phc hp nao ? cho v
du ?
- Phan vi lng la g ?
- Tai sao phai bon phan vi
lng cho at ?
- Sau mot thi gian trong at
cac nguyen to vi lpng t i
can bo xung cho cay theo
ng phan bon .
3. Cung co:
- Neu cac loai phan chnh? Vai tro cua chung trong qua trnh sinh
trng va phat trien cua cay?
- Loai at va cay trong thch hp cho tng loai phan?
4. Bai tap ve nha: SGK, SBT
Gio n 11 c bn
Bi 13:LUYN TPTNH CHT CA NIT - PHOTPHO
V CC HP CHT CA CHNG
I. MC TIU
1. Kin thc
- So snh cu to tnh cht ca nit, photpho v cc hp cht ca chng
- Khi qut ho v tnh cht chung ca cc nguyn t trong nhm nit
2. K nng
- Tip tc rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng chng minh tnh cht
ca nit, phopho v hp cht ca chng.
- K nng gii bi tp, bo ton ellectron
II. CHUN B:
- Phiu hc tp, bng cm
1. Kim tra: kt hp trong qu trnh dy bi mi
2. Bi mi:
I. KIN THC CN NH:

SO SNH: NIT PHOTPHO
cu hnh electron 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p63s23p3
m in to phn t 3,0 2,1
s oxiho NN P4
tnh cht ho hc -3 , 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -3,0,+3.+5
Tnh kh
Tnh oxiho Yu C
mnh Yu hn Nit
NH3 MUI AMONI (NH4+)
Tnh cht vt l cht kh - Cht rn
Tnh cht ho hc c bn baz yu, tnh kh - D b nhit phn
iu ch N2 + H2 - NH3 + Axit
Nhn bit Qu tm m, dd HCl - Dung dch baz
Axit Nitric Axit photphoric
Cng thc cu to - HNO3 H3PO4
So oxi ho ca phi kim - +5 +5
Tnh axit - Mnh Trung bnh
Tnh oxi ho - c Khng c
Nhn bit - H+ , Cu AgNO3
I.
GV: Yu cu 4 hc sinh ln bng vit cc phng trnh minh ho cho tnh cht ca
4 cht trn.
Gio n 11 c bn
II. II. Bi tp
Hoat ong 2 Bi 1: Cho bit s oxi ho ca N v P trong
Bi 1: GV: Gi 2 hc sinh ng ti ch lm bi cc phn t v ion sau:
tp 1. NH3 , NH4+ , NO2 , NO3 , NH4HCO3 , P2O3 ,
T d kin tnh cht ho hc ch yu PBr5 , PO43- , KH2PO4 , Zn3(PO4)2
ca cc cht trn. - Cht kh: NH3, NH4+
Bi 2: C - Cht oxi ho:
Bai 2 :
Bi 3: Chn cng thc ng ca magi photphua:
Lp cc phng trnh phn ng sau y: A. Mg3(PO4)2 B. Mg(PO3)2
NH3 + Cl2d N2 + . C. Mg3P2 D. Mg2P2O7
NH3 + CH3COOH Bi 3:
to 2NH3 + 3Cl2d N2 + 6 HCl
Zn(NO3)2 ... NH3 + CH3COOH CH3COONH4
NH3 d + Cl2 NH4Cl + o
2Zn(NO3)2
t
(NH4)3PO4 t
o
H3PO4 + 2ZnO + 4NO2 + O2
8NH3 d + 3Cl2 N2 + 6 NH4Cl
Bai 4 : o
Lp phng trnh phn ng di dng ion v phn t: (NH4)3PO4 t H3PO4 + 3NH3

a)K3PO4 v Ba (NO3)2 a) 2K3PO4 + 3Ba(NO3)2 Ba3(PO4)2 +
b)Na3PO4 + CaCl2 6 KNO3
c) Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 vi t l mol 1:1 b) Na3PO4 + CaCl2 Ca3(PO4)2 + 3Na3PO4
d)(NH4)3PO4 + Ba(OH)2 c) Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(H2PO4)2 +
H2O
d)(NH4)3PO4 + Ba(OH)2 Ba3(PO4)2 + NH3 +
Bi 5: H2O
Khi cho 3g hn hp Cu v Al tc dng vi dung dch Bi 5:
HNO3 ac , un nng sinh ra Gi x, y l s mol ca Cu v Al
4, 48lit kh duy nht l NO2 (ktc) . Xc nh thnh Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
phn % ca hn hp ban u? Al + 6HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3NO2 + 3H2O
Gii h: 64x + 27y = 3
2x + 3y = 0,2
=> x , y
Bi 6: => m => %m
Cho 6g P2O5 vo 25ml dd H3PO4 6% ( D=1,03g/ml) . Bi 6
Tnh nng % ca H3PO4 trong dung dch to thnh?
3. Cng c: kt hp trong qu trnh luyn
Bi 7: Ho tan 15,2g hn hp A gm Fe v Cu vo 500ml dung dch HNO3 long,
d, th thu c 2,24 lt NO (o 00 C, 2atm ). Khi lng ca Fe v Cu trong hn hp
l:
A. 11,6g v 3,6g B. 5,6g v 9,6g
C. 2,8g v 13,4gD. Kt qu khc.
Bi 8: Cho m gam Al vo 100ml dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi
phn ng kt thc, thu c mt cht rn nng 5,16gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 0,24g B. 0,48g
C. 0,81g D. 0,96g
Bi 9: Cho m(g) hn hp X gm Zn, Fe, Mg tc dng vi dd HCl d thu c dd Y.
Thm tip KNO3 d vo Y thu c 0,672l kh NO duy nht. Khi lng Fe trong m(g)
hn hp X l?
A. 1,68g B. 3,36g
Gio n 11 c bn
C. 5,04g D. 6,72g
4. BTVN: 7, 8, 9 cc bi tp trong sch gio khoa, sch bi tp
Chng 3 :
I MUC TIEU CUA CHNG :

1 Kien thc :
HS hieu
- Cau tao nguyen t va v tr cua cac nguyen to nhom cacbon trong
bang tuan hoan .
- Tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc , ng dung n chat va mot so hp chat
cua cacbon va silic .
- Phng phap ieu che n chat va mot so hp chat cua cacbon
va silic .
2 Ky nang :
Tiep tuc hnh thanh va cung co cac ky nang :
- Quan sat, tong hp , phan tch va d oan .
- Van dung kien thc e giai thch mot so hien tng t nhien .
- Ren luyen ky nang giai cac bai tap nh tnh va nh lng co lien
quan en kien thc cua chng .
3 Ve tnh cam thai o :
Thong qua noi dung kien thc cua chng , giao duc cho hoc sinh tnh
cam biet yeu qui va bao ve tai nguyen thien nhien , co y thc
gi gn bao ve moi trng at va khong kh .
II PHNG PHAP :
- V la chung nghien cu chat cu the nen GV can khai thac cac kien
thc san co cua HS ve cau tao nguyen t , phan t , lien ket hoa
hoc , s bien oi tuan hoan tnh chat cac n chat va hp chat trong
bang tuan hoan . . . e phat hien ly giai tnh chat cua chat .
- Cac th nghiem thng dung thng la e chng minh cho nhng tnh
chat a c d oan . V vay can c am bao tnh khoa hoc , chnh
xac va thanh cong .
- GV can co nhieu hieu biet ve thc te : hien tng hieu ng nha
knh , san xuat soa , gom , s , thuy tinh , xi mang Viet Nam e bai
giang hap dan , va phong phu .
- Can dung tranh anh , mo hnh e tang tnh trc quan cho bai day .
Gio n 11 c bn
FULEREN
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 23. Bai 15:
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Hieu cau hnh electron nguyen t , ban knh nguyen t , o am ien
lien quan nh the nao vi tnh chat cua nguyen to
- Biet cau truc cac dang thu hnh cua cacbon .
- Hieu c tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua cacbon .
- Vai tro quan trong cua cacbon oi vi i song ky thuat
2. Ky nang :
- Van dung c nhng tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua cacbon e giai
cac bai tap co lien quan .
- Biet s dung cac dang thu hnh cua cacbon trong cac muc ch khac
nhau .
II. CHUAN B :
- Mo hnh than ch , kim cng , mau than go , mo hong .
- Cau truc tinh the kim cng , than ch va cacbon vonh hnh
1. Kiem tra :
2. Bai mi
Hoat ong 1 : - Cho biet v tr I. V TR CUA CACBON TRONG
nguyen to - Viet cau hnh electron BANG TUAN HOAN :
chung cua nguyen t nhom - Cau hnh electron: 1s22s22p2 .
cacbon -Trong hp chat C co cong hoa tr
- Phan bo electron lp ngoai cung la 2 ,4 va co cac so oxihoa +4,
vao o lng t trang thai c +2 va 4 (tuy thuoc vao o am
ban va trang thai kch thch ? ien cua cac nguyen to lien ket
- D oan kha nang hnh thanh vi C).
lien ket , so oxihoa co the co
cua cac nguyen to ?
- Trang thai c ban :
I TNH CHAT VAT LY :

- Trang thai kch thch : - Cac bon tao thanh mot so dang
thu hnh , khac nhau ve tnh chat
vat ly
Hoat ong 2 : - Cacbon hoat ong hoa hoc
Tm hieu cau truc cac dang thu nhiet o cao , C vo nh hnh hoat
hnh cua cacbon: ong hn .
- Trnh bay tnh chat vat ly cac 1. Kim cng :
dang thu hnh , so sanh e oi - La chat tinh the
chieu ? khong mau , trong
- Quan sat mo hnh mau vat , suot , khong dan
nghien cu SGK e tra li ien , dan nhiet
- Hs neu s khac nhau gia cac kem.
dang thu hnh - Tinh the thuoc loai
2. Than ch : tinh the nguyen t
-Cau truc lp ,
lien ket yeu
vi nhau
- Tt xam en
Gio n 11 c bn
3. Cacbon vo nh hnh :
- Gom nhng tinh the rat nho
Chung co kha nang hap
phu manh
II. TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
Hoat ong 3: 1 Tnh kh :
- D oan tnh chat hoa hoc cua C a. Tac dung vi oxi :
da vao so oxi hoa ma cacbon
the hien ? C + O2 C
4
O2 .
- Viet cac phng trnh chng minh b. Tac dung vi hp chat :
tnh chat cua cacbon ? - nhiet o cao co the kh c
- C tr nhiet o thng , hoat nhieu oxit :
ong nhiet o cao . 2
Fe2O3 + 3C0 2Fe +3 C O
- Da vao so oxihoa co the co
2
cua cacbon e d oan : the CO2 + C0 2 C O.
hien tnh kh va tnh oxihoa . 2
SiO2 + 2C0 Si +2 C O
- Lan lt viet cac phng trnh Cacbon khong tac dung trc tiep
chng minh vi halogen
GV chot lai : 2 . Tnh oxi hoa :
a. Tac dung vi hiro :
- Cacbon the hien tnh oxi hoa khi nhiet o cao va co xuc
nao ? tac :
4
C0 + 2H2 C H4 .
b.Tac dung vi kim loai :
nhiet o cao :
Ca + 2C0 CaC2-4
Canxi cacbua
4
4Al +3C Al4 C 3

0 0
Nhom cacbua
III . NG DUNG :
1 . Kim cng :
dung lam o trang sc , che tao
Hoat ong 4: mui khoan , dao cat thuy tinh va
Da vao cau truc va tnh bot mai .
chat ly hoa hoc cua cacbon 2 Than ch :
neu ng dung cua cacbon ? Lam ien cc , but ch en , che
chat boi trn , lam noi chen e
-Hs co the lay mot so ng dung nau chay cac hp kim chu nhiet.
trong thc te 3. Than coc :
Lam chat kh trong lo luyen kim .
4. Than go :
Dung e che thuoc sung en ,
thuoc phao chat hap phu . Than
hoat tnh c dung nhieu trong
mat na phong oc va trong cong
nghiep hoa chat .
5. Than muoi : c dung lam
chat on khi lu hoa cao su , san
xuat mc in , xi anh giay ,. . .
IV TRANG THAI T NHIEN:
Gio n 11 c bn
1 . Trong thien nhien :
- Kim cng va than ch la cacbon t
do gan nh tinh khiet, ngoai ra con
Hoat ong 5 : co trong khoang vat : SGK .
- Trnh bay ve trang thai thien 2 . ieu che :
nhien va ieu che cac dang - Kim cng nhan tao /c t than
thu hnh cua cacbon ? ch , bang cach nung 30000C va
ap suat 70 100 nghn atm trong
- Bo sung cac kien thc th thi gian dai
te - Than ch : nung than coc 2500
30000C trong lo ien khong co
khong kh .
- Than coc : Nung than m 1000
12500C ,trong lo ien , khong co
khong kh .
- Than go : Khi ot chay go trong
ieu kien thieu khong kh .
- Than muoi :
CH4 C + 2H2 .
- Than mo : Khai thac trc tiep t
cac va than .
3. Cung co:
- Neu cac ac iem giong va khac nhau gia kim cng va than ch?
- Cho bot than d i qua hi nc nong, dan toan bo kh thu c qua
ong s cha Al2O3, Fe2O3, FeO, CuO, CaO. Kh thoat ra khoi ong s dan
vao nc voi trong d. Viet cac phng trnh phan ng xay ra?
4. Bai tap ve nha:
1 5 / 70 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 23. Bai16: HP CHAT CUA CACBON
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Hs biet :
- Cau tao cua phan t CO va CO2 .
- Tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua CO va CO2 .
- Cac phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua CO va CO2.
- Tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua axit cacbonic va muoi cacbonat
2. Ky nang :
- Cung co kien thc ve lien ket hoa hoc .
- Van dung kien thc e giai thch cac tnh chat va ng dung cua cac
oxit cua cacbon trong i song ky thuat .
- Ren luyen ky nang giai cac bai tap l thuyet ve tnh toan co lien
quan .
3. Thai o :
- Co y thc yeu qui va bao ve moi trng kh quyen trong sach
4. Trong tam :
- Biet cau tao phan t cua CO ,CO 2 , cac tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc ,
ng dung va phng phap ieu che hai oxit nay .
- Biet tnh chat hoa hoc cua axt cacbonic va muoi cacbonat .
II. CHUAN B :
- Cau hnh electron va phan bo electron vao cac o lng t . cau tao
phan t CO2 .
- He thong cau hoi
- Cac tranh anh co lien quan .
1. Kiem tra :
- So sanh cau truc va tnh chat cua cac dang thu hnh chnh cua cacbon
?
- Cacbon co nhng tnh chat ac trng nao ? Lay Vd ?
- Cho mot so hp chat the hien cac so oxi hgoa ma cacbon co
2. Bai mi :
Cac hp chat cua cacbon co nhng tnh chat g ? ng dung va tac hai
oi vi i song cua con ngi .
T kien thc cu a hoc vao kien thc mi

I CACBON MONOOXIT :
Hoat ong 2: 1 Cau tao phan t :
- Viet cau hnh electron cua C va - trang thai c ban :
oxi ,bieu dien vao cac o lng C : 2s2 2p2
t ? O : 2s22p4
HS : Viet cau hnh va bieu dien - CTCT : :C O:
vao o lng t : 2 Tnh chat vat ly :
- Nhan xet kha nang hnh - La chat kh khong mau , khong
thanh lien ket gia cacbon va mui, khong v , nhe hn khong kh t
oxi ? tan trong nc ,t0h/l = -191,50C , t0h/r =
Gia hai nguyen t C va O hnh -205,20C .
thanh hai lien ket CHT va mot - Rat ben vi nhiet va rat oc
lien ket cho nhan : 3 Tnh chat hoa hoc :
Gio n 11 c bn
Cacbon monooxit la oxit khong tao
Hoat ong 3 : muoi , kem hoat ong nhiet o
- Kh CO co nhng tnh chat vat thng va hoat ong nhiet o
ly g ? cao.
- So sanh vi kh nit co ac - CO la chat kh manh :
iem g giong va khac nhau ? - Chay trong khong kh ,cho ngon la
HS da vao ac iem cau tao mau lam nhat toa nhiet : 2CO(k) + O2(k)
e d oan 2CO2(k)
Hoat ong 4 : - Kh nhieu oxit kim loai : CO + CuO
- Hay d oan tnh chat cua CO Cu + CO2 .
da vao cau truc cua CO ? 4 .ieu che :
Viet mot so phng trnh minh a.Trong phong th nghiem :
hoa : H2SO4 ac nong
HCOOH CO + H2O .
Hoat ong 5 :
b. Trong cong nghiep :
- Cho biet CO ieu che trong
- Cho hi nc i qua than nong o .
cong nghiep nh the nao ?
10500C
C +H2O CO + H2
- Cach ieu che trong phong th
- Tao thanh kh than t : 44% CO ,
nghiem ?
45%H2 , 5% H2O va 6% N2 .
- c san xuat trong cac lo ga
HS nghien cu SGK tra li va
viet phng trnh phan ng ? C + O2 CO, C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2 CO
- Kh lo ga 25%CO, 70%N2 , 4%CO2 va 1%
cac kh khac
II . CACBON IOXIT (CO2) VA AXIT
CACBONIC (H2CO3)
1 Cau tao cua phan t CO2 :
Hoat ong 6 : :O=C=O:
- Viet CTCT cua CO2 neu nhan - Lien ket C O la lk CHT co cc ,
xet : nhng do co cau tao thang nen phan
t CO2 khong co cc
Hoat ong 7 : 2 Tnh chat vat ly :
- CO2 co nhng tnh chat hoa - La chat kh khong mau , nang gap
hoc g ? Viet phng trnh phan 1,5 lan khong kh , tan t trong nc.
ng e minh hoa ? - nhiet o thng , ap suat 60atm
- GV nhan xet va giai thch CO2 hoa long .
ro hn : CO2 khong duy tr s - Lam lanh ot ngot 76 0C CO2 hoa
chay , so oxi hoa +4 cua C tuy thanh khoi ran goi nc a kho
ben nhng khi gap chat kh co hien tng thang hoa .
manh no cung phan ng . 3 Tnh chat hoa hoc :
a. CO2 khong chay , khong duy tr s
- CO2 c ieu che nh the nao chay , co tnh oxihoa khi gap chat
? kh manh :
4
Neu phng phap va viet VD : C O2 +2Mg 2MgO + C0
phng trnh phan ng ? b. CO2 la oxit axt :tac dung vi oxt
baz va baz tao muoi .
- Khi tan trong nc :
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
- Axt H2CO3 la axt rat yeu va kem
ben :
Gio n 11 c bn
H2CO3 H+ +HCO3- .K1= 4,5. 10-7
HCO3- H++CO32- K2= 4,8 . 10-11
4 ieu che :
a. Trong cong nghiep :nhiet phan
a voi nhiet o 900 10000C
Hoat ong 8 : :CaCO3(r) CaO(r) + CO2(k) .
- Neu tnh chat cua muoi b. Trong phong th nghiem :
cacbonat ? CaCO3 +2HCl CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
III MUOI CACBONAT :
HS tra li da vao sgk 1 Tnh chat cua muoi cacbonat
- Tnh tan . a. Tnh tan :
- Phan ng trao oi ion. - Muoi trung hoa cua kim loai kiem
- Phan ng trao oi nhiet . (tr Li2CO3) amoni va cac muoi
hirocacbonat de tan trong nc (tr
Viet phng trnh phan ng , NaHCO3) .
phng trnh ion rut gon : - Muoi cacbonat trung hoa cua cac kim
loai khac khong tan hoac t tan trong
GV : nhan xet . nc .
- Muoi cacbon nat tan b thuy b.Tac dung vi axt :
phan . NaHCO3+HCl NaCl +CO2 + H2O
- HCO3- la chat lng tnh .
HCO3- +H+ CO2 +H2O .
Gv bo xung : Na2CO3+2HCl 2NaCl +CO2 +H2O
-
HCO3 va nhan proton va CO32- +2H+ CO2 + H2O .
nhng proton nen no la chat c. Tac dung vi dung dch kiem
lng tnh . NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O .
d. Phan ng nhiet phan :
- Gv gii thieu mot so muoi - Muoi cacbonat trung hoa cua kim loai
cacbonat e hs tm hieu . kiem eu ben vi nhiet
Neu mot so ng dung cua - Cac muoi khac va muoi
muoi cacbonat ? hirocacbonat de b phan huy khi un
nong .
HS : nghien cu tra li . VD: MgCO3 MgO + CO2 .
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
2 Mot so muoi cacbonat quan
trong
- Canxicacbonat (CaCO3 ) :
La chat bot nhe mau trang , c
dung lam chat on trong lu hoa va
mot so nghanh cong nghiep .
- Natri cacbon khan (Na2CO3) La chat
bot mau trang , tan nhieu trong nc
(dang tinh the Na2CO3 .10H2O) c
dung trong cong nghiep thuy tinh ,
o gom , . . .
- NaHCO3 :
La tinh the mau trang hi t tan trong
nc , c dung trong cong nghiep
thc pham , y hoc .
3. Cung co : Tra li bai tap 2,3 va 24.1 ,24.2 SBT .
Gio n 11 c bn
Bai 2 : a/ Phng phap vat ly : Nen di ap suat cao , CO2 hoa long
tach ra khoi CO .
b/ Phng phap hoa hoc : Hap thu CO2 vao dung dch nc voi trong d .
Loc lay ket tua roi cho tac dung vi HCl . Kh CO khong b hap thu nen
tach ra .
Bai 3 - a. Cho hon hp qua dung dch H2SO4 ac sau o qua dung dch
Ca(OH)2 .
b. Dung cac phan ng :
t0
+NaOH
NaHCO3 Na2CO3
+CO2 + H2O Ca(HCO3)2 +CO2 + H2O CaCO3
4. Bai tap ve nha: 1 6 /75 SGK
Tiet 25. Bai 17: SILIC VA HP CHAT CUA SILIC

I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
HS biet :
- Tnh chat vat ly , hoa hoc cua silic .
- Tnh chat vat ly va hoa hoc cua cac hp chat cua silic .
- Phng phap ieu che va ng dung cac n chat va hp chat cua
silic .
2. Ky nang :
- Van dung kien thc e giai cac bai tap co lien quan .
- Van dung kien thc e giai thch mot so van e trong thc te i
song
3. Thai o :
Co tnh cam gan gui vi thien nhien nen co y thc bao ve moi
trng
4. Trong tam :
- Biet cac tnh chat ac trng , phng phap ieu che silic .
- Biet nhng ng dung quan trong cua silic trong cac nhanh ky thuat
nh luyen kim , ban dan , ien t
II. CHUAN B :
- Mau vat cat , thach anh , manh vai bong , dung dch Na2SiO3 ,HCl ,pp ,
coc ong nghiem , ua thuy tinh .
- He thong cau hoi
1. Kiem tra :
* Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua CO , cua muoi cacbonat ?
* Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua CO2 . Tra li bai tap so 5 SGK ?
2. Bai mi :
- Cau hnh chung cua nhom cacbon ?
- ng vi n = 3 la cau hnh cua nguyen to nao ?
- ns2np2
- La cau hnh cua Si
Gio n 11 c bn
I SILIC :
Hoat ong 2 : 1 Tnh chat vat ly :
Cho biet tnh chat vat ly - Co hai dang thu hnh : Tinh the va vo
cua silic ? So sanh vi cacbon nh hnh .
? - Silic tinh the co cau truc giong cacbon ,
Hs da vao sgk e tra li mau xam co anh kim, dan ien , t 0n/c=
14200C , t0s= 26200C . Co tnh ban dan .
- Silic vo nh hnh la chat bot mau nau .
Hoat ong 3 : 2 Tnh chat hoa hoc :
- So sanh vi cacbon silic co a. Tnh kh :
tnh chat hoa hoc nh the - Tac dung vi phi kim :
nao ? nhiet o thng :
Tng t cacbon , silic the Si0 + 2F2 Si F4
4
hien tnh kh , tnh oxi hoa .

(silic tetraflorua)
Silic vo nh hnh co kha 4
nang phan ng cao hn . Khi un nong : Si0 + O2 Si O2 (silic
ioxit)
- Viet phng trnh minh hoa ? 4
Si0 + C Si C (silic cacbua).
- Da vao hp chat tao - Tac dung vi hp chat :
4
thanh phat hien s khac Si
Si + 2NaOH+ H2ONa2 O3+ 2H2
0
nhau gia C va Si ?
b. Tnh oxi hoa :
- Khong co phan ng tao
Tac dung vi kim loai : ( Ca , Mg , Fe . . .)
thanh Si+2 .
nhiet o cao .
Trong cac phan ng so 4
oxihoa tang t 0 +4. Si co 2Mg + Si Mg2 Si (magie silixua)
0
tnh kh manh hn C .
Tnh oxihoa giong cacbon . 3 Trang thai thien nhien :
GV nhan xet - Silic chiem gan 29,5% khoi lng vo trai
at , ton tai dang hp chat (cat ,
Hoat ong 4 : khoang vat silicat , aluminosilicat )
- Trong t nhien silic ton tai - Silic con co trong c the ngi va thc
dang nao va co au ? vat .
4 ng dung va ieu che :
- Cho biet ng dung va ieu - Co nhieu ng dung trong ky thuat (ky
che silic . thuat vo tuyen va ien t , pin mat tri,
- Dung trong cong nghiep luyen kim ).
che tao thuy tinh , luyen kim - ieu che :
,xay dng . . . * Trong phong th nghiem :
SiO2 + 2Mg t Si + 2MgO.
o
Hng dan HS viet phng * Trong cong nghiep :

trnh SiO2 + 2C t Si + 2CO.
o
II HP CHAT CUA SILIC :

1 Silic ioxit (SiO2) :
- SiO2 dang tinh the nguyen t mau
trang rat cng, khong tan trong
0 0 0 0
Hoat ong 5 : nc ,t n/c=1713 C, t s = 2590 C .
- Tnh chat vat ly cua silic - Trong thien nhien chu yeu dang
ioxit ? khoang vat thach anh , khong mau trong
Bo xung : SiO2 co lan tap suot goi la pha le thien nhien .
chat thng co mau . - La oxit axit , tan cham trong dung dch
Gio n 11 c bn
HS quan sat mau cat sach kiem ac nong , tan nhanh trong kiem
ket luan ve tnh chat vat l nong chay hoac cacbonat trong kim loai
cua SiO2 . kiem nong chay .
SiO2 co nhng tnh chat VD : SiO2 + 2NaOH t Na2SiO3 + H2O.
o
hoa hoc g ? viet phng trnh SiO2 + Na2CO3 t Na2SiO3 + H2O.

o
phan ng chng minh? -Tan trong axit flohiric:

Khong cha kiem ac SiO2 + 4HF SiF4 + 2H2O.
trong lo thuy tinh . 2 Axit silixic va muoi silicat :
- SiO2 co ng dung g trong a. Axit silixic(H2SiO3)
thc te ? - La chat dang ket tua keo , khong tan
neu mot so ng dung trong nc , un nong de mat nc
cua SiO2 trong thc te H2SiO3 SiO2 + H2O .
Hoat ong 6 : - H2SiO3 khi say kho mat nc tao silicagen :
Giao vien lam th dung e hut am va hap phu nhieu
nhiem : chat .
- HCl + Na2SiO3 - H2SiO3 la axit rat yeu :
- CO2 + Na2SiO3 Na2SiO3+CO2+H2OH2SiO3+Na2CO3
Gv lam th nghiem : b. Muoi silicat :
CO2 + Na2SiO2 - Muoi cua kim loai kiem tan c trong
TN : nc , cho moi trng kiem .
Nho vai giopt PP vao dd - Dung dch ac Na2SiO3 va K2SiO3 goi la
Na2SiO3 thuy tinh long .
- Nhung vai vao Na2SiO3 say - Vai hoac go tam thuy tinh long se kho
kho roi ot . b chay ,Thuy tinh long c dung e che
Quan sat : thay dd chuyen keo dan thuy tinh va s
sang mau hong .
Co moi trng kiem .
- Manh vai khong chay .
3. Cung co:
- Nhac lai cac kien thc c ban cua bai.
4. Bai tap ve nha:
1 6 trang 79 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
Tiet 26. Bai 18 : CONG NGHIEP SILICAT .
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
- Biet thanh phan hoa hoc va tnh chat cua thuy tinh , xi mang ,gom.
- Biet phng phap san xuat cac vat lieu thuy tinh , gom xi mang t
nguon nguyen lieu t nhien .
2. Ky nang :
- Phan biet c cac vat lieu thuy tinh , gom , xi mang da vao cac
thanh phan va tnh chat cua chung
- Biet cach s dung va bao quan cac san pham lam bang cac vat
lieu thuy tinh , gom ,ximang
II. CHUAN B :
- S o lo quay san xuat clanke (hnh 4.11) , Mau ximang .
- HS su tam cac mau vat bang thuy tinh ,gom , s .
- Gv : mau ximang , s o lo quay clanke ( hnh 4.11 )
- Hs : tm kiem cac mau vat bang thuy tinh , gom , s . Tm hieu tnh
chat cua cac hp chat o .
1. Kiem tra :
* - Neu tnh chat hoa hoc cua Si va SiO2 ?
* - Tra li bai tap so 4,5 SGK ?
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong 1 :
Silic va hp chat cua silic co ng dung g trong cuoc song ? cho mot
vai v du san pham co cha silic ?
- ngoi , thuy tinh , gom , s , ximang

I -THUY TINH:
Hoat ong 2: 1. Thanh phan va tnh chat cua thuy
Thuy tinh co thanh tinh:
phan hoa hoc la g ? -Thuy tinh co thanh phan hoa hoc la cac
Phan loai thuy tinh ? oxit kim loai nh Na , Mg , Ca , Pb , Zn va
Hoc sinh nghien cu sach SiO2 , B2O3 , P2O5 -
giao khoa va t kien thc - san pham nung chay cac chat nay la
thc te e tra li. thuy tinh , thanh phan chu yeu la SiO2 .
- Thuy tinh co cau truc vo nh hnh
Hay ke mot so vat dung - T nong chay khong xac nh.
thng lam bang thuy 2. Mot so loai thuy tinh:
tinh? -Thuy tinh thng: NaO.CaO.6SiO2
- chai , lo , ong nghiem , /C: Nau chay hon hp cat trang, a voi,
chau , gng , o chi trang Soa 1400C:
tr Na2CO3 + SiO2 Na2SiO3 + CO2
CaCO3 + SiO2 CaSiO3 + CO2
- Lam the nao e bao ve
=> SiO2 + Na2CO3 + CaCO3 Na2O.CaO.6SiO2 +
c vat lam bang thuy
tinh ? 2CO2
- Khong thay oi nhiet o -Thuy tinh Kali: ( neu thay Na2CO3 bang
ot ngot , khong va cham K2CO3) co nhiet o hoa mem va mc o
manh . nong chay cao hn, dung lam dung cu
phong th nghiem.
-Thuy tinh pha le: cha nhieu oxit ch, de
nong chay va trong suot, dung lam lang
Gio n 11 c bn
knh
-Thuy tinh thach anh: san xuat bang SiO2
co t hoa mem cao, he so n nhiet rat
nho.
-Thuy tinh oi mau: khi them mot so oxit
Hoat ong 3: kim loai.
- Thanh phan chu yeu V du: Cr2O3 cho thuy tinh mau luc.
cua o gom? CoO cho thuy tinh mau xanh nc bien.
II. O GOM:
- Co may loai o gom. San xuat chu yeu t at set va cao lanh.
- Cach san xuat o gom 1. Gach va ngoi: (gom xay dng)
o nh the nao? -SX: at set loai thng + cat nhao vi H 2O, tao
hnh nung 900-1000C
* Gv can khai thac von thc -Thng co mau o.
te cua hoc sinh ve o 2. Gach chu la: dung e lot lo cao. Lo
gom va cach san xuat . luyen thep. Lo nau thuy tinh
GV Bo sung : - Co 2 loai: gach inat va Samot:
Lang gom Bat Trang, cac + Gach inat: 93- 96% SiO2 , 4 - 7% CaO va at
nha may s Hai Dng, set, t nung bang 1300 -1400C, chu c:
ong Nai la nhng c s 1690 - 1720C
san xuat o s noi + Gach Samot: at set va nc nung
tieng.
1.300-1.400C
3 . Sanh s va men:
1.200-1.300C
a. at set Sanh
Sanh: cng, go keu, mau nau hoac
xam.
b. S: Cao lanh, fenspat, thach anh va mot
so oxit kim loai nung lan au 1000C trang
men.Trang tr un lai lan hai 1400 1450 0C
S
- s dan dung, s ky thuat.
S ky thuat c dung e che tao cac
Hoat ong 4 : vat lieu cach ien, tu ien, buzi anh la,
- Thanh phan hoa hoc chu cac dung cu phong th nghiem.
yeu cua ximang ? c. Men:
- Ximang Pooclang c - Co thanh phan chnh giong s, nhng de
san xuat nh the nao ? nong chay hn. Men c phu len be mat
san pham, sau o nung len nhiet o
- Qua trnh ong cng xi thch hp e men bien thanh mot lp thuy
mang xay ra nh the nao ? tinh che kn be mat san pham
GV bo sung : co 1so loai xi III XI MANG:
mang co nhng tnh nang 1.Thanh phan hoa hoc va cach san
xi mang chu axit, xi mang xuat xi mang;
chu nc bien a. Xi mang thuoc loai vat lieu ket dnh Quan
nc ta co nhieu nha trong va thong dung nhat la xi mang
may xi mang ln nh Nghi Pooclang : la chat bot mn, mau luc xam,
Sn, Hoang Thach, Bm Sn, gom canxi silicat va canxi aluminat: Ca3SiO5
Chinfon, Hoang Mai, Ha (hoac 3CaO.SiO2),
Tien Ca2SiO4 (hoac 2CaO.SiO2),
Ca3(AlO3)2 (hoac 3CaO.Al2O3).
3. Cung co: b. Xi mang Pooclang c san xuat bang
Gio n 11 c bn
- Nhac lai cac kien thc c cach nghien nho a voi, tron vi at set
ban cua bai thanh dang bun, roi nung hon hp trong lo
4. Bai tap ve nha: 1 quay hoac lo ng 1300 - 1400C . thu
----> 4/83 SGK c mot hon hp mau xam goi la clanhke.
e nguoi, roi nghien clanhke vi mot so
chat phu gia thanh bot mn, se c xi
mang.
2. Qua trnh ong cng xi mang :
Khi xay dng, xi mang c tron vi nc
thanh khoi nhao, sau vai gi se bat au
ong cng lai :
3CaO.SiO2+5H2OCa2SiO4.4H2O+ Ca(OH)2
2CaO.SiO2 + 4H2O Ca2SiO4.4H2O
3CaO.Al2O3+ 6H2O Ca3(AlO3)2.6H2O
Tiet 27. Bai 19: LUYEN TAP: TNH CHAT CUA CACBON
,SILIC
VA CAC HP CHAT CUA CHUNG .
I MUC TIEU :
1 Kien thc :
- Tnh chat c ban cua cac bon va silic .
- Tnh chat cac hp chat CO ,CO 2 ,H2CO3 , muoi cacbonat, axit silixic va
muoi silicat .
2 Ky nang :
- Van dung ly thuyet e giai thch cac tnh chat cua n chat va cac
hp chat cua cacbon va silic .
- Ren ky nang giai bai tap .
3. Trong tam :
- Nam vng nhng tnh chat c ban cua , cacbon, silic , cac hp chat
CO ,CO2 ,Axitcacbonic , muoi cacbonat ,axit silixic va muoi silicat .
- Van dung cac kien thc c ban neu tren e giai cac bai tap .
II .CHUAN B :
- Chuan b phieu hoc tap
- He thong cau hoi va bai tap
III. THIET KE CAC HOAT ONG
Hoat ong 1 : HS he thong kien thc theo bang co san :
Neu tnh chat cua : Cacbon Silic

(Cho v du )
n chat -Kim cng - Tinh the
Dang thu hnh: -Than ch - Vo nh hnh
-Than vo nh hnh
Tnh chat hoa hoc : - tnh kh -Tmh kh
- Tnh oxi hoa -Tnh oxi hoa
Oxit : CO : la oxit khong tao SiO2 : la oxit axit
CO muoi , la chat kh La chat oxi hoa
CO2 manh . Co tnh chat ac biet
CO2 la oxit axit , Co
tnh oxi hoa
Axit H2CO3 : la axit yeu , H2SiO3 : la axit rat yeu
hai nac -rat t tan trong nc
Gio n 11 c bn
Kem ben
Muoi Cacbonat Silicat :

-Tnh tan Muoi kim loai kiem de tan
- phanngnhiet
phan
Hoat ong 2: Phat phieu hoc tap va hng dan hoc sinh lam cac
bai tap trong phieu.

Bai 1 : Bai 1 a) Canxi cacbua
Viet CTCT cua : a) canxicacbua b) C = C
nhom cacbua c) Hp chat cua Ca
cacbon vi Flo . trong cac hp chat
b) Nhom cacboua
o so oxi hoa cua cacbon la bao Al C Al = C Al C Al
nhieu ? c) Tetraflorua cacbon: CF4
Bai 2 a) CO chay c v co tnh
kh con
Bai 2 : CO2 khong chay c v khong
a) tai sao cacbon monooxit chay co tnh kh .
c , con cacbon ioxit khong b) ot chay hai kh : 2H2 + O2
chay c trong kh quyen oxi ? 2H2O .
b) hay a ra mot th nghiem 2CO + O2 2CO2
n gian e phan biet kh CO va .
H2 ? Mot san pham khi lam lanh
chuyen sang trang thai long .
Bai 3 : Mot san pham lam uc nc voi
a) lam the nao e phan biet trong .
kh CO2 va kh O2 Bai 3 a) Phan biet kh CO2 va O2 :
* Bang phng phap vat l ? Phng phap vat ly :
* Bang phng phap hoa hoc ? - CO2 nhiet o thng nen
ap suat cao bien thanh chat
long .
- O2 khong co kha nang nay .
b) Lam the nao e phan biet Phng phap hoa hoc : CO lam
2
muoi natricacbonat va muoi natri tat que om ang chay con O2 th
sufit? ngc lai .
b) Phan biet muoi Na2CO3 va Na2SO3
:
- Cho hai muoi tac dung vi axit
HCl :
Na2CO3 +2HCl 2NaCl +H2O +
c) lam the nao e bien a
CO2
voi thanh CaCO3 tinh khiet ?
Na2SO3 +2HCl 2NaCl +H2O +
SO2 .
- Dan san pham kh qua dung dch
Bai 4 : Hoan thanh s o chuyen brom :
hoa SO2 +Br2 +2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
.Nc brom b mat mau .
CO2 CaCO3 ca(HCO3)3 CO2 C c) Bien a voi thanh CaCO3 tinh
Gio n 11 c bn
CO CO2 khiet :
Bai 5: CaCO3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O +
Xac nh the tch hiro (ktc) thoat CO2 .
ra khi cho lng d dung dch NaOH Loc lay dung dch roi cho tac dung
tac dung vi 1 hon hp thu c vi dung dch Na2CO3 :
bang cach nau chay 6 gam Mg vi CaCl2 + 2HCl CaCO3 + 2HCl
4,5 g SiO2. Gia s phan ng c Bai 4 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3
tien hanh vi hieu suat 100%. + H2O .
Gv gi y cho hoc sinh tom tat sau CaCO3 + CO2 +H2O Ca(HCO3)2 .
o len bang giai Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 +H2O
Bai 6 :
.
Trn ln tng cp cc dung dch sau :
CO2 + 2Mg 2MgO + C .
Na2CO3 ; HCl ; Ca(HCO3)2 ; Ba(OH)2 ;
H2SO4.Vit PTP dng phn t v ion 2C+ O2 2CO.
2CO + O2 2CO2
Bai 5 2Mg + SiO2 Si + 2MgO .
(1)
2NaOH + Si +H2O Na2SiO3 + 2H2
(2)
Ta co nMg =6/24 =0,25 ; nSiO2 =
4,5/60=0,15 .
Mg d , SiO2 phan ng het .
nH2 = 2nSi = 2 x 0,075 = 0,15(mol)
VH2 = 0,15 x 22,4 = 3,36 (lit) .
Bai 6 : * Na2CO3 +2HCl
2NaCl+CO2+H2O
CO32- +2H+ CO2+H2O
* Na2CO3 + Ca(HCO3)2CaCO3+2NaHCO3
Ca2++CO32- CaCO3
Bai 7 : Hp th 448 ml CO2 (ktc) * Na2CO3 + Ba(OH)2BaCO3+2NaOH
vo dung dch cha 0,015 mol Ca(OH)2 Ba2++CO32- BaCO3
sau th nghim thu c m(g) kt ta , *Na2CO3+H2SO4Na2SO4 +CO2+H2O
khi lng dung dch thay i p(g).Tnh CO32- +2H+ CO2+H2O
m v p. * 2HCl +Ca(HCO3)2 CaCl2+ 2CO2+2H2O
H++HCO3- CO2+H2O
*2HCl+Ba(OH)2BaCl2+2 H2O
H++OH-H2O
* Ca(HCO3)2 +Ba(OH)2 CaCO3+BaCO3+2
H 2O
Ca2++2HCO3- +Ba2++2OH-
CaCO3+BaCO3+2 H2O
* Ca(HCO3)2+H2SO4 CaSO4+2CO2+2H2O
Ca2++2HCO3-+2H++SO42-
CaSO4+2CO2+2H2O
* Ba(OH)2 +H2SO4BaSO4+2 H2O
Ba2++2OH-+2H++SO42- BaSO4+2 H2O
Bai 7 : Ta c: S mol CO2 : s mol
Ca(OH)2 = 1,5
==> to 2 mui.
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
Gio n 11 c bn
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
nCa(HCO3)2 = x
n CaCO3 = y ==> x+y = 0,015
2x + y = 0,02
m = 5 gam
p = 4,12 gam
3. Cung co:
Kh 39,2 gam mt hh A gm Fe2O3 v FeO bng kh CO thu c hh B gm FeO v
Fe. Hn hp B tan va trong 2,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 0,2M cho ra 4,48 lt kh
(ktc). Khi lng Fe2O3 v khi lng FeO trong hn hp A l:
A. 32g Fe2O3; 7,2 g FeO C. 18g Fe2O3; 21,2g
B. 16g Fe2O3; 23,2g FeO D. 20g Fe2O3; 19,2g FeO
4. Bai tap ve nha:
1 --> 6/86 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
Chng 4:
AI CNG VE HOA
HOC HU C
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 28 Bai 20:

I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
HS biet :
- Khai niem hp chat hu c , hoa hoc hu c va ac iem
chung cua hp chat hu c .
- Biet cach phan loai hp chat hu c theo thanh phan hoac
theo mach cacbon .
- Phng phap xac nh nh tnh , nh lng cac nguyen to
trong hp chat hu c
Hs hieu :
- V sao tnh chat cua cac hp chat hu c lai rat khac so vi
tnh chat cua cac hp chat vo c .
- Tam quan trong cua viec phan tch nguyen to trong hp chat
hu c .
2. Ky nang :
HS nam c mot so phng phap phan tch nguyen to
cua hp chat hu c .
II. CHUAN B :
Giao vien :
- Bang phan loai chat hu c
- Th nghiem ve tnh chat vat l cua hp chat hu c
- Th nghiem phan tch nh lng , nh tnh cac nguyen to trong hp
chat hu c .
Hoc sinh :
- On lai kien thc ve hp chat hu c a hoc lp 9 .
Gio n 11 c bn
- - Quan sat nhng hp chat hu c hay gap trong cuoc song t o co
nhng nhan xet s bo ve s khac nhau gia hp chat hu c va hp
chat vo c .
1. Kiem tra: Khong
2. Bai mi:
Hoat ong 1 :vao bai
- Ke ten 5 hp chat vo c va 5 hp chat hu c ?
- Gv ghi ten cac hp chat o .
- Nhac lai cac khai niem ve hp chat hu c , hoa hoc hu
c ?

I KHAI NIEM VE HP CHAT
Hoat ong 2 : HU C VA HOA HOC HU
Viet CTCT mot so hp C :
chat a biet : CH4 C2H4 , - Hoa hoc hu c la nganh hoa hoc
C2H5OH, CH3Cl chuyen nghien cu cac hp chat hu
. . . Nhan xet ve cau tao c.
,lien ket ,tnh chat ? - Hp chat hu c la hp chat
cua cacbon tr CO, CO2, CO 32 , HCO

Hoat ong 3 : 3 , cacbua , xianua
- Da vao cac v du cho Hs II. PHAN LOAI HP CHAT

phan loai hp chat hu c HU C :
1. Hirocacbon :
- Gom 2 loai : Hidrocacbon - Trong phan t ch cha nguyen
va dan xuat Hidrocacbon to C va H
T rut ra khai niem - Gom :
* HC no : Ch co lien ket n
* C khong no : cha lk boi
* HC thm : cha vong benzen
2. Dan xuat cua
hirocacbon :
- Trong phan t chc C , H , O ,
Hoat ong 4 : N , ...
GV bo sung , tom tat ac - Gom : axit , este , anehit ...
iem chung cua hp chat 3. Phan loai theo mach cacbon :
hu c - Hp chat mach h
- Hp chat mach vong .
III. AC IEM CHUNG CUA HP CHAT
HU C :
1. ac iem cau tao :
- Nguyen to bat buoc co la cacbon
- Thng gap H, O, N, S , P , Hal . . .
So sanh tnh chat vat l va - Lien ket hoa hoc chu yeu trong
tnh chat hoa hoc cua hp chat hu c la lien ket cong hoa tr.
2. Tnh chat vat ly :
chat hu c vi hp chat - Cac hp chat hu c thng de bay
Gio n 11 c bn
vo c ? hi ( tonc , tobh thap )
- Kem ben oi vi nhiet va de chay
- Khong tan hoac t tan trong nc , tan
trong dung moi hu c
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc :
- Kem ben vi nhiet , de b phan
Hoat ong 5 : huy .
lam th nghiem phan - Cac phan ng cua hp chat
tch Glucoz : hu c thng cham va khong
- Tron 2g glucoz + 2g CuO hoan toan theo mot hng nhat
cho vao ay ong nghiem . nh.
-a nhum bong co tam IV.S LC VE PHAN TCH
CuSO4 khan vao khong 1/3 NGUYEN TO :
ong nghiem 1. Phan tch nh tnh :
-lap ong nghiem len gia - Muc ch :Xac nh cac nguyen
to co mat trong hp chat hu
-un nong can than ong c .
nghiem - Nguyen tac : phan huy hp
chat hu c thanh nhng hp
chat vo c n gian roi nhan
biet chung bang nhng phan
ng ac trng .
* Xac nh cacbon va hiro :
C6H12O6 CO2 + H2O .
CuSO4 +5 H2O CuSO4 .5H2O
Khong mau mau xanh .
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O .
* Xac nh nit :
Hoat ong 6 : CxHyOzNt (NH4)2SO4 + . . .
Gv yeu cau hoc sinh t
0
nghien cu sach giao (NH4)2SO4 +2NaOH Na2SO4 +2H2O

khoa cho biet: muc ch, + 2NH3
nguyen tac, phng phap * Xac nh halogen :
tien hanh cua phan tch - Khi ot hp chat hu c cha
nh lng. clo tach ra di dang HCl va
nhan biet bang AgNO3.
CxHyOz Clt . . . CO2 + H2O + HCl
HCl + AgNO3 AgCl +HNO3 .
2. Phan tch nh lng :
- Muc ch : Xac nh thanh
3. Cung co :
phan % ve khoi lng cac
Nung 4,56 mg mot hp nguyen to trong phan t hp
chat hu c A trong dong chat hu c .
kh oxi th thu c 13,20 mg - Nguyen tac : hu c thanh
CO2 va 3,16 mg H2O . th cac chat vo c n gian roi
Gio n 11 c bn
nghiem khac nung 5,58 mg nh lng chung bang phng
A vi CuO thu c 0,67 ml phap khoi lng , the tch hoac
kh nit (ktc) . phng phap khac.
Hay tnh ham lng % cua - Phng phap tien hanh
C,H,N va oxi hp chat A . Oxi hoa hoan toan mot lng
xac nh hp chat hu c A (mA)
roi cho hap thu nh lng H 2O
va CO2 sinh ra .
- Tnh ham lng %H va %C :
2nH 2O 12nCO 2
mH = (g) mC = (g) mN
18 44
28.VN 2
= (g)
22,4
mC. 100%
%C =
a
mH. 100%
%H =
a
mN. 100%
%N =
a
%O = 100% - %C - %H -%N
4. Bai tap ve nha
1 4/91 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 29 30
Bai 21 : CONG THC PHAN T HP CHAT HU
C
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Hoc sinh biet :
- Bieu dien thanh phan phan t hp chat hu c bang cac loai cong
thc . Biet c y ngha cua moi loai cong thc .
-biet cac loai cong thc , Lap CTPT hp chat hu c theo phng phap
pho bien da vao % khoi lng cac nguyen to , thong qua cong thc
n gian nhat , tnh trc tiep theo khoi lng san pham chay .
Cho hoc sinh hieu :
e thiet lap CTPT hp chat hu c , ngoai viec phan tch nh tnh ,
nh lng cac nguyen to , can xac nh khoi lng mol phan t hoac
xac nh ten loai hp chat t o , giup xac nh c CTGN , CTPT
cua hp chat hu c khao sat .
2. Ky nang :
Giai c mot so dang bai tap lap CTPT .
3. Trong tam :
Biet cach giai cac bai tap lap CTPT hp chat hu c
II. CHUAN B :
- Giao vien : Mot so bai tap xac nh CTPT hp chat
hu c .
- Hoc sinh : On lai phng phap phan tch nh tnh , nh
lng nguyen to trong hp chat hu c
1. Kiem tra :
* The nao la hoa hoc hu c ? hp chat hu c ? neu ac iem
chung cua cac hp chat hu c ?
* Viet cac cong thc nh lng ?
* Bai 4 / 95 sgk
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 :
Gv lay v du : I CONG THC N GIAN NHAT:
Axit axetic : CH3COOH 1 nh ngha :
CTPT : C2H4O2 - CTn gian nhat : cho biet t le
CTG I : CH2O so nguyen t cua cac nguyen to
CTTN : ( CH2O )n co trong phan t (bieu dien bang
CTTQ : CxHyOz t le toi gian cac so nguyen .)
Hs viet CTPT cua mot so - CxHyOzNt =(CqHPOrNs)n (n = 1,2,3 . . .)
chat a biet , tm t le so x : y : z : t = p: q : r : s
nguyen t tng nguyen to
trong moi cong thc
2. Cach thiet lap CTG nhat :
CTG nhat . a. VD :
Hoat ong 2 : Hp chat hu c A : C(73,14% ), H(7,24%) ,
Hng dan cho hoc sinh O(19,62%) . Thiet lap CT n gian nhat
nhan biet c cac loai cua A ?
cong thc .
Gio n 11 c bn
- Gv a ra mot so v du ve Giai :
CTPT , CTG nhat . CT n gian nhat la : C5H6O
- Nghien cu VD theo hng CTPT cua A : (C5H6O)n n =1,2,3 . . .
dan cua Gv . b. Tong quat :
Xac nh phan t T ket qua phan tch nguyen to hp chat
khoi : CxHyOzNt lap t le :
Cho biet cac bieu thc tnh %C % H %O %n
x:y:z:t= : : :
M? 12 1 16 14
- Gv cho mot so v du , mC mH mO mN
MA =MB.dA/B ; MA=29.dA/kk . = : : : = ... =p:q:r:s
12 1 16 14
II CONG THC PT:
Hoat ong 3 :
GV hng dan hs giai VD
1 nh ngha :
theo cac bc : - CTPT: cho biet so nguyen t cua
1. xac nh tnh cua A : C , cac nguyen to co trong phan t -
H,O V du :
2. at CTTQ CxHyOz CH4 , C6H12O6 ...
3. Tm t le : x:y:z 2 CTn gian nhat va CTPT :
4. T t le tm CTG nhat . CxHyOzNt =(CqHPOrNs)n (n = 1,2,3 . . .)
V du: Nhan xet :
at CTPT cua A la :CxHyOz , - Noi chung so nguyen t cua tng
lap t le nguyen to trong CTPT la so nguyen lan
x : y : z = = 6,095 : 7,240 : so nguyen t cua chung trong CTG nhat
1,226 .
= 4,971 : 5,905 : 1,000 -Trong nhieu trng hp , CTPT cung chnh
= 5 : 6 :1 la CTG nhat
- Xac nh khoi lng mol : -Mot so chat co CTPT khac nhau nhng lai
MA = 164 (g). co cung mot CTG nhat .
- Tm CTGN: C5H6O 3. Cach thiet lap CTPT :
- Xac nh CTTQ : (C5H6O)n => 3.1 - Xac nh phan t khoi :
n=2 - oi vi chat kh va chat long de hoa
CTPT cua A la C10H12O2 hi :
MA =MB.dA/B ; MA=29.dA/kk .
thong qua v du tren HS VD:
rut ra s o tong quat xac HC nang gap hai lan khong kh . Tnh khoi
nh CT n gian nhat . lng mol cua A va suy ra CTPT cua A .
MA = 58 vC A(C4H10)
- HS tong ket theo s o
3.2 - Thiet lap cong thc phan t
Hchc TPNT CTGN CTPT Th du: Hp chat A co cha C(73,14% )
Hoat ong 4 : H(7,24%) O (19,62%) .Biet phan t khoi
Cho biet cac bieu thc tnh cua A la 164vc .Hay xac nh cong tc
M? phan t cua A .
- Gv cho mot so v du , a. Thiet lap cong thc phan t cua
- Gi y e HS viet s o A qua cong thc n gian nhat :
qua trnh xac nh CTPT hp - muc I.2 thiet lap c CTGN cua A la
chat hu c . C5H6O :
- Hng dan hoc sinh thc M(C5H6O)n = 164 (5.12+6 +16)n =164
hien cac bc n=2 .
Vay : A: C10H12O2
- Gv minh hoa bang v du cu b. Thiet lap cong thc phan t cua
the A khong qua cong thc n gian nhat
Gio n 11 c bn
- Gv cho v du , hng dan .
Hs cach giai Ta co : M(CxHyOz) =164vC ;
Hng dan hoc sinh cac C=73,14%,H=7,24% ;O=19,62%
phng phap khac nhau Vay
x 12/164 = 73,14/100 x= 9,996 10 .
y/164 = 7,24/100 y = 18,874 12
z16/164 = 19,62/100 z= 2,01 2.
CxHyOz = C10H12O2
M 12 x y 16 z
Cong thc :
Hoat ong 5 : Hng dan 100 %C % H %O
c. Tnh trc tiep theo khoi lng san
hoc sinh giai theo phng
pham chay :
trnh:
MY = 29.3,04 = 88,0 (g/mol) CxHyOz + ( x+y/4)O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O
=> nY = 0,01 mol V du : Hp chat Y cha cac nguyen to
nCO2 = 0,04 mol , nH2O = 0,04 C , H , O . ot chay hoan toan 0,88g Y thu
mol c 1,76g CO2 va 0,72g H2O . T khoi hi
CxHyOz + ( x+y/4)O2 xCO2 + y/2 cua Y so vi kk bang 3,o . Xac nh CTPT
H 2O cua Y .
1 mol x mol Tong quat : Thiet lap cong thc phan
0,5y mol t qua cong thc n gian nhat la cach
0,01 mol 0,04 thc tong quat hn ca .
0,04
x = 4, y = 8
ma : 12. 4 + 1 . 8 + 16. z = 88
=> z = 2
Vay CTPT cua Y la: C4H8O2
Mot so v du ve thanh lap
Hoat ong 6: cong thc phan t
+Cng thc tng qut? V du 1:
+ Cng thc tnh thnh phn% Cht A c thnh phn nguyn t nh sau :
nguyn t? 40,45%C , 7,87%H , 15,73%N cn li l O.T
+Tnh cc ch s x,y ,z, t...? khi ca A so vi oxi l 2,78125.
CTTQ: ca A l CxHyOzNt
d A M A 2,78125 ,
O2 32
x %C.M A

40,45.89
3
12.100 12.100
y % H .M A
7,87.89
7
1.100 100
*GV phn tch cho hc sinh t % N .M A

15,73.89
1
cc yu t cn lm v cc bc 14.100 14.100
tnh ton.HS cng lm theo s CxHyOzNt =89
hng dn ca GV. 12x+y+16z+14t=89 vy 12.3+7+16z+14.1=89
+Cc yu t cn bit? => z = 2
+Cc bc tnh theo phng Cng thc phn t ca A l : C3H7O2N.
trnh? V du 2
+Cc yu t cn bit ? t chy 1,88 g(A) thu c 2,016 lt
+Cc cch xc nh khi lng
Gio n 11 c bn
phn t MA ca cc hp cht CO2(ktc),1,44 g nc.T khi hi ca A so vi
hu c? metan l 11,75.Tm CTPT ca A.
+Thnh phn nguyn t ca A?
M M
CTTQ?
d A CH A
A
11,75
+S mol cc sn phm chy ?
+Phng trnh phn ng chy?
4
CH 4M 16
Cch tnh theo phng trnh? MA =16.11,75=188
t cng thc ca A l : CxHyOz
S mol CO2 =2,016: 22,4= 0,09 (mol)
S mol nc = 1,44:18 = 0,08 (mol)
y z y
CxHyOz + x O2 xCO2 + H2O
4 2 2
188(g) x(mol)
0,5y(mol)
1,88(g) 0,09mol)
0,08(mol)
188.0,09 188.0,08
x 9 ; y 16
1,88 1,88.0,5
CxHyOz =188
MA =12x+y+16z =188
12.9+16+16z=188 vy z = 4
Cng thc phn t ca A l C9H16O4
3. Cung co
Ket qua Cong CxHyOzNt =( CpHqOrNs)n

phan tch thc n ( CpHqOrNs)n = M .
gian nhat
%C ,%H, CpHqOrNs M = n(12p+ q+ 16r
%N %O +14s)
x = n.p ; y =n.q ; z =
n.r ;
MA=MB.dA/B M= CxHyOzNt
t =n.s
4. Bai tap ve nha:

t chy 4,45 gA thu c 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) 3,15 gnc v 0,25 lt N2 (270C, 2,46
atm) .T khi ca A so vi He l 22,25.Tm CTPT ca A.
1 6 / 95 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 31
Bai 22 : CAU TRUC PHAN T HP CHAT HU
C.
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Cho hoc sinh hieu :
- Mot so phan ng tieu bieu trong hoa hoc hu c ( the , cong ,
tach ) , cach viet va nhan dang c cac loai phan ng .
- HS hieu nhng luan iem c ban cua thyet cau tao hoa hoc .
Cho hoc sinh hieu :
- Thuyet cau tao hoa hoc gi vai tro quan trong trong viec nghien cu
cau tao , tnh chat cua hp chat hu c .
- S hnh thanh lien ket n , oi , ba .
2. Ky nang :
- HS biet viet cau tao cua hp chat hu c .
- Thanh lap c day ong ang
- Viet c phng trnh phan ng neu biet c loai phan ng .
3. Trong tam :
Nhng luan iem c ban cua thyet cau tao hoa hoc .
Biet viet cau tao cua hp chat hu c .
Biet khai niem , ong ang , ong phan .
II. CHUAN B :
- Mo hnh rong va mo hnh ac cua phan t etan .
- Hoc sinh : xem trc bai hoc .
1. Kiem tra :
Lam bai tap 2,3,4 /99 sgk
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung ghi bang
Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai I.CONG THC CAU TAO PHAN
Khi viet CTCT hchc can lu y nhng T HP CHAT HU C :
van e g ? 1. Th du :
- CTPT : C2H6O
Hoat ong 2 : - CTCT khai trien :
GV viet cong thc cau tao ng H H
vi CTPT: C2H6O : H3CCH2OH HCCOH
- HS thay c : CTCT la CT bieu H H
dien th t lien ket va c thc - CTCT rut gon : CH3CH2OH
lien ket gia cac nguyen t trong 2. Nhan xet :
phan t . - CTCT la Ct bieu dien th t lien
ket va cach thc lien ket gia
Hoat ong 3 : cac nguyen t trong phan t .
- Gv a ra cac v du va giup hs II THUYET CAU TAO HOA HOC
phan tch v du . :
V Du : 1 Noi dung cua thuyet cau
C2H6O co 2 CTCT tao hoa hoc :
* H3COCH3 imetylete 1.Trong phan t hp chat hu c ,
* H3CCH2OH Etanol cac nguyen t lien ket vi nhau
- HS so sanh 2 chat ve : thanh theo ung hoa tr va theo mot
phan ,cau tao phan t , tnh chat th t nhat nh . Th t lien ket
vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc : o c goi la cau tao hoa hoc .
Gio n 11 c bn
S thay oi th t lien ket o ,
- Nghien cu SGK e thay ro s tc la thay oi cau tao hoa hoc ,
khac nhau ve tnh chat cua hai se tao ra hp chat khac .
cong thc tren . V Du : :
Rut ra luan iem 1 C2H6O co 2 th t lien ket :
- Gv a ra v du va at cau hoi H3CCCH3 : imetyl ete , chat kh ,
V du : C4H10 khong tac dung vi Na.
- Trong so cac v du tren hoa tr H3CCH2OH: ancol etylic, chat
cua cacbon la bao nhieu ? long ,tac dung vi Na giai phong
- Co nhan xet g ve mach cacbon ? kh hydro .
kha nang lien ket cua cacbon vi
cac nguyen to ?
CH3CH2CH2CH3
(mach khong co nhanh ) 2.Trong phan t hp chat hu c ,
CH3CHCH3 cacbon co hoa tr 4 .Nguyen t
cacbon khong nhng co the lien
CH3 ket vi nguyen t cua cac
( mach co nhanh ) nguyen to khac ma con lien ket
CH2 CH2 vi nhau thanh mach cacbon .
CH2
CH2 CH2
( mach vong )
HS neu luan iem 2 3 Tnh chat cua cac chat phu
Hoat ong 4 : thuoc vao thanh phan phan t
- Neu VD ve hai chat co cung so (ban chat, so lng cac nguyen
nguyen t nhng khac nhau ve t) va cau tao hoa hoc (th t
thanh phan phan t lien ket cac nguyen t )
H 2 - Y ngha :
Thuyet cau tao hoa hoc giup giai
H C H Chat kh chay tch c hien tng ong ang ,
hien tng ong phan .
H III. ong ang , ong phan
Cl 1) ong ang :
* Cac ankan :
Cl C Cl CH4,C2H6,C3H8,C4H10 ,C5H12 .CnH2n+2
* Cac ancol : CH3OH , C2H5OH ,
Cl Chat long khong chay C3H7OH ,C4H9OH CnH2n+1OH
- HS viet CTTQ nh ngha : Nhng hp chat
Rut ra qui luat . co thanh phan phan t hn kem
- Cho v du tnh chat phu thuoc vao nhau mot hay nhieu nhom CH 2
cau tao ? nhng co tnh chat hoa hoc tng
Hoat ong 5 : t nhau la nhng chat ong
GV lay VD hai day ong ang nh ang , chung hp thanh day ong
SGK : CnH2n+2 va CnH2n+1OH ang .
Rut ra nh ngha ong ang Giai thch : Mac du cac chat
va giai thch trong cung day ong ang co
GV nhan manh : cong thc phan t khac nhau
nhng nhom CH nhng do chung
- Thanh phan nguyen t hn co cau tao hoa2 hoc tng t nhau
kem nhau n nhom(- CH2 - ) nen co tnh chat hoa hoc tng t
- Co tnh chat tng t nhau nhau .
(ngha la co cau tao hoa b) ong phan
Gio n 11 c bn
hoc tng t nhau). * nh ngha:
- Gv cho mot so v du : Nhng hp chat khac nhau nhng
co cung CTPT la nhng chat ong
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
phan .
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 * Giai thch :nhng chat ong
CH3 phan tuy co cung CTPT nhng co
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 cau tao hoa hoc khac nhau v vay
CH3 CH CH3 chung la nhng chat khac nhau ,
CH3 co tinh chat khac nhau .
- HS xac nh nhng chat nao la IVLIEN KET TRONG PHAN T
ong ang cua nhau . HP CHAT HU C :
* Cac loai lien ket trong phan
Hoat ong 5 :
t hp chat hu c
V Du : C2H6O co 2 CTCT
* H3COCH3 imetylete - lien ket tao thanh do xen phu
* H3CCH2OH Etanol truc : Xen phu truc la s xen phu
xay ra tren truc noi 2 hat nhan
C3H6O2 :* CH3COOCH3 Metyl
nguyen t
axetat - Lien ket c tao thanh do
* HCOOC2H5 xen phu ben : Xen phu ben la s
Etylfomiat xen phu xay ra hai ben truc noi
*CH3CH2COOH 2 hat nhan nguyen t .
Axitpropionic 1. lien ket n :
HS nhan xet , rut ra nh ngha - Lien ket tao bi 1 cap electron
ve ong phan. dung chung la lien ket n()
- Phan biet cac ong phan : V du : H
*ong phan mach cacbon HCH
*ong phan v tr lien ket boi H
*ong phan nhom chc 2. Lien ket oi :
Hoat ong 6: - Lien ket tao bi 2 cap electron
- Gv gii thieu ve lien ket va dung chung la lien ket oi(gom
lien ket . mot lien ket va mot lien ket
- Cho Hs quan sat mo hnh CH4 . ).
Xac nh kieu lien ket V du : H H
Rut ra khai niem ve lien ket C=C
n . H H
- ac iem cua lien ket pi 3. Lien ket ba :
-Quan sat mo hnh C2H4 ? - Lien ket 3 tao bi tao bi 3
Xac nh kieu lien ket ? cap electron dung chung (gom 1
Rut ra khai niem lien ket oi lien ket va 2 lien ket ).
- Mo hnh C2H2 . V du : HCCH
Tng t rut ra khai niem lien ket Lien ket oi va lien ket ba goi
ba . chung la lien ket boi .
3. Cng c
- Nhc li cc ni dung hc ca bi.
4. Bi tp v nh
1 8/ 101, 102 SGK
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 32
Bai 23 : Phn ng hu c
I. MC TIU
1- V kin thc:
Hc sinh bit:
- Cch phn loi phn ng hu c da vo s bin i phn t cc
cht u.
-Vit 1 s phng trnh tiu biu cho tng loi phn ng hu c
2- V k nng:
- Hc sinh vn dng xc nh loi phn ng hu c,
- Rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng
II- chun b:
Hc sinh n tp li mt s phn ng hu c bit lp 9.
III- T chc hot ng dy hc:
1- n nh t chc:
2- Kim tra bi c: Bi tp SGK - 138 - 139
3- Ni dung bi:

I- Phn loi phn ng hu c.
Hot ng 1: CH3 - H + Cl - Cl AS CH3 - Cl + HCl
lp 9 a hoc nhng phan ng
g ? cho v du ? CH3 - OH + H - Br CH3 - Br + H2O
Da vao s bien oi phan t hp
chat hu c khi tham gia phan ng CH2 = CH2 + H2 O
Ni ,t C CH3 - CH3
chia phan ng hu c thanh cac
loai sau : CH3 - CH2 OH H SO d CH2 = CH + H OH
2 4
- Gv viet mot so phan ng , thong

bao cho hs biet o la loai phan
ng the .
Yu cu hc sinh nhn xt v i n
cc khi nim: 1. Phn ng th.
+) Phn ng th Mot hoac mot nhom nguyen t
+) Phn ng cng. phan t hu c b the bi
+) Phn ng tch. mot hoac mot nhom nguyen t
Hot ng 2: khac .
Gv yu cu hc sinh nghin cu sch gio VD:
khoa a ra khi nim v phn ng th. CH3-CO-OH +h-o-c2H5 Ch3cooc2h5 +
Ly thm v d hc sinh r khi h2 o
nim hn. C3h7oh + Hbr C3H7Br + H2O
Yu cu hc sinh ly thm v d. 2. Phn ng cng.
Phan t hu c ket hp them
AgC CAg + 2NH4NO3 vi cac nguyen t hoac phan t
Hot ng 3 khac .
GV nu khi nim v phn ng cng. VD:
Ch r cho hc sinh du hiu nhn bit C6H5CH=CH2 + Br2 C6H5CHBr - CH2Br
phn ng cng: Nhiu cht phn ng to
CH CH + HOH HgSO CH3CHO 4
thnh 1 cht sn phm

3. Phn ng tch.
Nhn xt: cht hu c c lin kt kp
Mot vai nguyen t hoac nhom
th c phn ng cng.
nguyen t b tach ra khoi phan
t
Hot ng 4:
Gio n 11 c bn
Ly v d yu cu hc sinh nu nhn xt VD:
v rt ra khi nim phn ng tch. CH3- CHOH- CH3 CH2 = CH
oC
H 2 SO 4 ,170
- du hiu: 1 cht phn ng to ra nhiu CH3

cht sn phm + H2O
CH3CH2CH2CH3 xt, t CH2=CH CH2 CH3
o
+ H2 hoc CH3- CH=CH CH3 + H2

Ngoi 3 loi phn ng trn cn c cc
loi phn ng khc nh: P phn hu,
ng phn ho, oxi ho
II. c im ca phn ng ha
hc trong ha hc hu c
1. Phn ng ca cc cht hu c th-
Hot ng 5: ng xy ra chm do cc lin kt trong
Gio vin a ra v d, phn tch ri a phn t cht ha c t phn cc nn
ra nhn xt. kh b phn ct.
4. Cng c 2. Phn ng hu c thng sinh ra
*Hy phn loi cc phn ng sau: hn hp nhiu sn phm
C3H4 + 2Br2 C3H4Br4
C2H5Cl C2H4 + HCl
o
KOH ,ancol ,t
CH3OH + HNO3 CH3ONO2 + H2O

C4H10 xt, t C4H8 + H2
o
CH2=CH- COOH + H2 Ni ,t C C2H5COOH

O
C2H5OH + CuO t C CH3CHO + Cu + H2O

O
* Cha bi tp 3/105 SGK

1. CH CH + H2 Pd ,t C CH2 = CH2
O
2. CH2 = CH2 + HOH H C2H5OH
3. C2H5OH + HBr C2H5Br

4. 3C2H2 C ,600 C C6H6
O
5. C6H6 + Br2 Fe,t C C6H5Br + HBr

O
5. Bi tp v nh
1, 2, 4/ 105 SGK, Bi tp Sch bi tp.
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 33. Bai 24. LUYEN TAP
HP CHAT HU C , CONG THC PHAN T VA CONG
THC CAU TAO
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :CUNG CO CAC KHAI NIEM :
- Hp chat hu c
- Phan ng cua hp chat hu c .
2. Ky nang
- HS nam vng cach xac nh cong thc phan t t ket qua phan
tch
- Nhan dang mot vai loai phan ng cua cac chat hu c n gian .
II CHUAN B :
- Giao bai tap lien quan en noi dung luyen tap cho HS chuan b trc
khi en lp
- Chuan b them mot so dang cau hoi trac nghiem .
1. Kiem tra :
Ket hp trong qua trnh luyen tap .
2. Bai mi :
I . KIEN THC CAN NH :

Hoat ong 1 : HS lan lt ai dien cac nhom trnh bay noi dung nh s
o :
- Xac nh CTPT chat hu co gom cac bc :
Hp chat hu c tinh
khiet
Phan tch nh tnh
Phan tch nh lng :
%C,%H, %N,. . .%O
CTG nhat
CTPT
Cac loai phan

ngthng gap
The Cong Tach
Hoat ong cua thay Hoat ong cua tro

Gio n 11 c bn
-The nao la ong ang ? ong phan?
cho v du ?
II. BAI TAP : Hoc sinh thao luan ve kha

Bai 1 : chat nao sau ay la niem hp chat hu c , thanh
hirocacbon ?dan xuat hirocacbon ? phan cac nguyen to trong pha
CH2O , C2H5Br , C6H5Br , C6H6 , CH3COOH . t hp chat hu c
Bai 2 : T eugenol ieu che c O Giai bai tap 1 .
metyleugenol la chat dan du con Giai bai tap 2
trung . Ket qua phan tch nguyen to
cho thay co : %C = 74,16% , %H = 7,86% ,
con lai la oxi . Lap CTG nhat , cong
thc phan t ?
Gv to chc cho hoc sinh tha
luan van e th 2
Cau 3 : Viet CTCT cua cac chat co Giai bai tap 3
CTPT sau : CH2Cl2( mot chat ) , C2H4O2 ( ba Giai bai tap 4
chat ) , C2H4Cl2 ( hai chat )
Hs thao luan van e lien

Bai 5 : cho cac chat sau ay la ong ket trong phan t hp chat h
ang cua ancol etylic C3H8O , C4H10O . Da c
vao thuyet cau tao hoa hoc , viet Giai bai tap 5
CTCT cua moi chat ?
Bai 8 : Viet Ptp cua cac chuyen hoa Hs thao luan van e 4
sau va viet ptp a cho thuoc loai phan Giai bai tap 7 , 8
ng nao ( the , cong , tach )
a. Etilen tac dung vi hiro co xt Ni nung
nong ?
b. B. Nung nong axetilen 600C , xt bot
than thu c benzen .
c. Dung dch ru etylic trong nc e lau
ngoai khong kh chuyen thanh dd axit
axetic ?
3. Cung co :
- k nang giai bai tap CTPT
- Cach viet phng trnh phan ng cua cac loai phan ng .
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 37. Bai 25 :
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
* Hs biet
- S hnh thanh lien ket va cau truc khong gian cua ankan
- Goi ten cac ankan vi mach chnh khong qua 10 nguyen t C
* Hs hieu :
Gio n 11 c bn
- Tnh chat vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc , phng phap ieu che va ng
dung cua ankan .
- V sao cac ankan kha tr ve mat hoa hoc , do o hieu v sao phan ng
ac trng cua ankan la phan ng the .
-V sao cac hirocacbon no lai c dung lam nhien lieu t o thay
c tam quan trong va ng dung cua hirocacbon .
2. Ky nang :
- Lap day , viet cac ong phan .
- Viet CTPT , cong thc cau tao va phng trnh phan ng cua cac
ankan
3. Trong tam :
- Biet s hnh thanh lien ket va cau truc khong gian cua ankan .
- Biet goi ten cac ankan vi mach chnh khong qua 10 cacbon .
- Hieu tnh chat vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankan .
- Biet phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua ankan
II. CHUAN B :
- Bang ten goi 10 ankan khong phan nhanh au tien trong day
ong ang cac ankan .
- Mo hnh phan t propan ; n-butan va isobutan
- Etxang , m boi trn ong c , nc cat , coc thuy tinh
- Bo dung cu ieu che CH4
- Hoa chat : CH3COONa ran ; NaOH ran , CaO ran
1. Kiem tra :
* nh ngha ong ang , cho v du ?
* Cho mot so v du ve cac hp chat HC co the gap trong cuoc
song ?
2. Bai mi :

The nao la HC no ? co may
loai HC no ? I. ong ang, ong phan, danh
Hoat ong 2 : phap,:
-Nhac lai khai niem ong 1. ong ang ankan :
ang - metan , etan , propan hp thanh day
-Viet cong thc phan t mot ong ang goi la day ong ang cua
so ong ang cua CH4 roi suy metan .( Day ong ang ankan hay
ra cong thc tong quat va parafin )
khai niem day ong ang cua - Gom cac hp chat CnH2n+2 (n>1)
metan . - Ankan la nhng hirocacbon no, mach
- Cong thc chung cua day h, trong phan t ch co lien ket n.
ankan la g ?
HS viet cong thc phan t
mot so ong ang cua CH4 2. ong phan
HS nhan xet rut ra ket luan - T C4H10 tr i co ong phan mach
Hoat ong 3: cacbon
- Viet cong thc cau tao cua * Bac cua Cacbon
chat hu c co cong thc H H H H H
phan t C4H10 va C5H12
I II II II I
H - C C C C C H
C4H10 co 2 ong phan cau tao :
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Gio n 11 c bn
H H H H H
CH3 - CH - CH3 Ankan khong phan nhanh

CH3 H H CH3 CH3 H
HS nhan xet rut ra ket luan
I II III IV I
ve khai niem bac cua nguyen H C C C C C H
t C
- GV anh so la ma ch bac H H H CH3 H
cua C Ankan phan nhanh
GV: Hng dan hs biet bac - Bac cua nguyen t C phan t
cua cacbon : ankan bang so nguyen t C lien
ket trc tiep vi no
- Ankan khong phan nhanh ch cha
C bac I , II
- Ankan phan nhan trong phan t
cha C bac III , IV.
* Cau truc :
-Cac nguyen t C ankan trang thai lai
hoa sp3
-Moi nguyen t C nam tren nh cua
Hoat ong 4 : t dien eu ma 4 nh la cac nguyen
Gv cho hs xem mo hng cau tao t H hoac C
cua CH4 va C4H10 -Cac lien ket C C ; C H eu la lien
ket . Hau nh khong phan cc
H - Goc lien ket eu gan bang 109,50
- Hoa tr cua C hau nh a bao hoa
3. Danh phap : (Theo IUPAC )
a/ Ankan mach khong phan nhanh
H
ten ankan = ten C
Hoat ong 5:
mach chnh + an
H
H cau HS luyen
- Yeu tap goi ten CH4 : Metan C6H14 : Hexan
cac ankan khong phan nhanh . C2H6 : Etan C7H16 : Heptan
- T CTCT ten goi C H
3 8 : Propan C 8H18 : Octan
C4H10 : Butan C9H20 : Nonan
HS nam c cach goi ten 10 C H
5 12 : Petan C10H20 : Dekan
ankan khong nhanh au tien Ten goc ankyl :
va ten goc ankyl tng ng oi uoi an thanh yl
CnH2n+2 H CnH2n+1
- HS ac iem ten ankan co ( ankan) ( goc ankyl)
uoi an va ten goc ankyl co b/ Ankan co nhanh :
uoi yl - Chon mach C dai nhat, co nhieu nhanh
nhat lam mach chnh.
- anh so th t sao cho v tr nhanh
nho nhat.
Hoat ong 6: -oc ten theo mau.
Cho HS goi ten cac ong phan ++
cua C5H12 V du :
Rut ra cach goi ten ankan co CH3
nhanh ?
Hs hoat ong nhom : CH 3 C CH3
Goi ten cac ong phan cua
Gio n 11 c bn
C5H12 CH3
HS nhan xet rut ra cach goi 2,2-dimetyl propan
ten ankan co nhanh
CH3 CH CH2 CH3
*- Lu y : - Neu co nhieu
nhom the CH3
giong nhau:2,3,4 dung tiep 2-metylbutan
au ng i, tri,tetra thay cho
viec lap lai ten nhom the CH3
- Neu co nhieu nhom the
khac nhau th oc theo mau t a, CH3 C CH CH2 CH3
b, c
CH3 C2H5
HS ap dung goi ten mot so 3 etyl-2,2-dimetyl pentan
ankan mach nhanh
3. Cung co :
* Mot ngi goi ten hp chat hu c A la : 2 - etyl - 3 - metyl butan
, ung hay sai ?
a. ung b. Sai
* Viet cong thc cau tao thu gon cua chat sau :
3 etyl 2,2,4 trimetylheptan
* Cac hp chat di ay hp chat nao la ankan ?
a. C7H14 b. C6H c. C8H18 d. khong co
10
TIET 38 Bai 25 ::
( tt )
I. MUC TIEU :
a trnh bay tiet 35
Trong tam :
Tnh chat hoa hoc cua ankan : tnh tr va phan ng the
II. CHUAN B :
He thong cau hoi va bai tap
1. Kiem tra :
* Viet cac ong phan cua C5H12 , goi ten theo quoc te va thong
thng ?
* Neu cach goi ten ? cau truc cua phan t ankan ?
2. Bai mi :
Gio n 11 c bn
Hoat ong 1 : vao bai II. TNH CHAT VAT L :
- da vao mot so ankan a - ieu kien thng , cac ankan t C1
biet trong cuoc song , neu tnh C4 trang thai kh
chat vat l cua ankan ? T C5 C17 : long ]
T C18 tr i trang thai ran .
V du : xang , ga , nen -Nhiet o nong chay , nhiet o soi , kl
Hs rut ra tnh chat vat l . rieng cua cac ankan tang theo so
- Gv bo xung them cac tnh nguyen t cacbon ( tang theo phan t
chat vat l khac khoi
- Ankan nhe hn nc .
- Ankan khong tan trong nc K
nc .
- Ankan la nhng dung moi khong phan
cc hoa tan c nhng chat khong
phan cc .
- Ankan la nhng chat khong mau .
* Nhac lai ac iem cau
tao cac ankan , t ac iem III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
cau tao hng dan HS d Ankan tng oi tr ve mat hoa hoc :
oan kha nang tham gia phan nhiet o thng chung khong
ng cua ankan phan ng vi axit , baz va chat
Phan t ankan ch co cac oxyhoa manh ( KMnO4 ) en
lien ket CC va CH o la
lien ket ben vng ankan 1. Phan ng the bi halogen : (ac
tng oi tr ve mat hoa hoc trng)
V du :
Hoat ong 2 : CH4 + Cl2 as CH3Cl + HCl
Di tac dung cua anh sang, CH3Cl + Cl2 as CH2Cl2 + HCl
xuc tac , nhiet o ankan tham CH2Cl2 + Cl2 as CHCl3 + HCl
gia phan ng the , phan ng CHCl3 + Cl2 as CHCl4 + HCl
tach va phan ng oxyhoa .
- Viet phng trnh phan ng - Cac ong ang : T C3H8 tr i th
the Cl vao CH4 ? Clo (nhat la brom) u tien the trong
Viet ptp : mach.
C3H8 + Cl2 va C3H8 + Br2 V du :
*Gv thong bao : Flo phan CH3-CH2CH2Cl + HCl
ng manh liet nen phan huy C3H8 + Cl2
ankan thanh C va HF . Iot qua a
CH3CHClCH3 + HCl
yeu nen khong phan ng s
Nhan xet :
- Nguyen t hiro lien ket vi cacbon
- GV trnh bay phan c che bac cao hn de b the hn nguyen
phan ng ( ch can s lc ) t hiro lien ket vi nguyen t cacbon
HS rut ra nhan xet c che bac thap .
phan ng theo c goc gom 3 - Cac phan ng tren goi la phan ng
bc halogen hoa , cac san pham the c
La c che goc day goi la dan xuat halogen cua hirocacbon
chuyen .
* Bc khi mao
Cl o o Cl as Clo + Clo
* Bc phat trien day
chuyen
Gio n 11 c bn
CH3 H + Clo o CH3 + HCl
o
CH3 + Clo oCl CH3Cl + Clo
CH3o o H + Clo .
* Bc t day chuyen :
Clo + Clo Cl2
o
CH3 + Clo CH3Cl
2/ Phan ng tach :
o
CH3 + o CH3 CH3CH3 ( ehirohoa )
Hoat ong 3 : CH3-CH3 xt,t CH2=CH2 + H2
0
Giao vien hng dan HS viet * Phan ng crackinh :

cac phng trnh phan ng : ( be gay lk C-C )
o
C2H6 t CH4 + CH3-CH=CH2
C3H8 t
o
C4H10 Ta
ng
xt C2H6 + CH2=CH2
o
C4H10 t
HS nhan xet :
* Di tac dung cua nhiet va
xuc tac ( Cr2O3 , Fe , Pt )
* Cac ankan khong nhng b
tach H tao thanh Hydrocacbon
khong no ma con b gay cac
3. Phan ng Oxi hoa hoan toan
lien ket C C tao ra cac phan
CnH2n+2+()O2 t nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
0
t nho hn
* HS viet phng trnh
V du :
CH3CH = CHCH3 + H2
CH4 +2O2 t CO2 + 2H2O
0
- HS viet phng trnh phan ng

ot chay CH4 va phng trnh
phan ng tong quat ot
iv. ieu che va ng dung
chay ankan .
1/. ieu che :
GV yeu cau Nhan xet ty
a/ Trong cong nghiep : lay t kh
le mol CO2 va H2O sinh ra sau
thien nhien, kh dau mo.
phan ng
b/ Phong th nghiem :
HS nhan xet : so mol H 2O
CH3COONa + NaOH t CH4 + Na2CO3
0
luon luon ln hn CO2

- Gv bo sung :
Al4C3 + 12H2O 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3
Khong b oxy hoa bi dung
dch KMnO4 nhng nhiet o,
2/ ng dung :
xuc tac thch hp ankan co
- T C1 en C20 c ng dung lam
the b oxi hoa khong hoan
nhien lieu
toan tao thanh dan xuat cha
- Nhieu Ankan c dung lam dung moi
oxy
va dau boi trn may
CH4 + O2 t xt HCHO + H2O
0
- ieu che chat sinh han

Hoat ong 5 :
- Nh tac dung cua nhiet va cac
GV gii thieu phng phap
phan ng oxy hoa khong hoan toan
ieu che ankan trong cong
nghiep HCHO, ru metylic , axitaxetic v..v
-Lam th nghiem ieu che CH4
t Natri axetat vi voi toi xut
HS neu hien tng , viet
phng trnh phan ng
Hoat ong 6:
Yeu cau HS tra li cau hoi :
Tm nhng ng dung co lien
Gio n 11 c bn
quan en tnh chat hoa hoc
cua ankan ?
- Nghien cu sgk e tra li .
3/ Cung co :
* ot chay 0,1 mol CxHy 0,1mol CO2 va 0,2mol H2O . Xac nh day
ong ang cua A.
Viet chng trnh chung.
* Lam bai tap 7/ 114 SGK
* Viet phan ng Isobutan + Cl2 theo t le mol 1 : 1
TIET 39 Bai 26: XICLOANKAN

I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
HS biet :
- Cau truc , Cong thc chung , ong ang , ong phan , danh phap cua
mot so mono xiclo ankan
- Tnh chat vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc va ng dung cua xiclo ankan
- So sanh s giong va khac nhau ve cau tao , tnh chat cua xicloankan
vi ankan .
HS hieu :
- V sao cung la hirocacbon no nhng xicloankan lai co mot so tnh chat
khac vi ankan ( cong m vong oi vi xicloankan co 3 , 4 vong )
2. Ky nang :
- Viet phng trnh phan ng chng minh tnh chat hoa hoc cua xiclo
ankan
- Viet c cac CTCT cua xicloankan , goi ten cac cong thc o .
3. Trong tam :
- Cau truc , ong phan , danh phap cua mot so mono xiclo ankan
- Tnh chat vat ly , tnh chat hoa hoc va ng dung cua xiclo ankan
II. CHUAN B :
- Tranh ve mo hnh mot so xiclo ankan
Gio n 11 c bn
- Bang tnh chat vat ly cua mot vai xiclo ankan
1. Kiem tra :
Viet phng trnh phan ng cua n- pentan :
* Tac dung Cl2 dan xuat mono clo
* Tach H2
* Crakinh
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1: vao bai
Ankan va xicloankan giong va I/Cau truc ,ong phan ,danh phap :
khac nhau nh the nao ? 1/ Cau truc phan t cua mot so
Hoat ong 2 : mono xicloankan
- Quan sat bang 6.2 , hay cho Cong thc phan t va cau truc mot so
biet ac iem ve cau tao mono xicloankan khong nhanh nh sau:
phan t cua xicloankan ? C3H6 C4H8 C5H10 C6H12
- Cho biet CT chung cua
xicloankan n vong ?
-Tren c s o lap day
cua xiclo ankan ? * xicloankan la nhng hiro cacbon no
- HS nghien cu cong thc mach vong.
phan t ,cong thc CTCT va * Xicloankan co 1 vong ( n vong ) goi la
mo hnh mono xicloankan
rut ra khai niem ve * Cong thc chung la CnH2n ( n 3 )
xicloankan 2/ ong phan va cach goi ten
Hoat ong 3 : monoxicloankan :
Gv giup Hs oc ten cua cac a/ Quy tac :
xicloankan . So ch v trten nhanhXiclo+ten
HS nhan xet rut ra qui tac goi mach chnh +
ten monoxiclo ankan an
Mach chnh la mach vong .
anh so sao cho cac so ch v tr
cac mach nhanh la nho nhat
b/ Th du :
- Viet tat ca ong phan Mot so xicloankan ong phan ng vi
xicloankan cua C5H10 ? C6H12 ? goi cong thc phan t C6H12
ten ?
- Gv goi ten mot so xiclo ankan
khac .
II/ Tnh chat :

Hoat ong 4: 1/ Tnh chat vat ly
Cho biet nhiet o soi , nhiet Nhiet o nong chay , nhiet o soi
o nong chay , mau sac , tnh tang dan theo chieu tang cua M
Gio n 11 c bn
tan cua cac xiloankan eu khong mau khong tan trong
- Tnh chat vat l cua mot so nc nhng tan trong dung moi hu c
xicloankan ? 2/ Tnh chat hoa hoc :
- HS nghien cu rut ra nhan a/ Phan ng cong m vong cua
xet qui luat bien oi Nhiet xiclopropan va xiclobutan
o nong chay , nhiet o soi 0
Ni
,80 C
+ H2 CH3-CH2- CH3
- Vi ac iem lien ket cua Propan
xicloankan d oan tnh chat
hoa hoc cua xicloankan ? + Br2 BrCH2 CH2 CH2Br
(1,3 dibrompropan )
+ HBr CH3 CH2 CH2Br

(1Brompropan )
Xiclobutan ch cong vi hydro :
0
+H2 Ni ,120
C
CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
butan
Xicloankan vong 5,6 canh tr len
khong co phan ng cong m vong
trong nhng ieu kien tren
b/ Phan ng the : tng t ankan
- cac xicloankan co 3 , 4
as
canh kem ben nen co + Cl2 + HCl
kha nang tham gia phan cloxiclopentan
ng cong m vong .
t0
- GV hng dan HS viet phng
+ Br2 + HBr
trnh phan ng cua xiclopropan Bromxiclohexan
va xiclobutan : cong ,the , C/ Phan ng oxyhoa:
chay CnH2n + 32n o 2 nCO2 + nH2O H 0
C6H12 + 9O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
H = -3947,5kj
Xiloankan khong lam mat mau dung dch
Rut ra s khac nhau va
giong nhau gia xicloakan vi III/ ieu che va ng dung :
ankan ? 1/ ieu che :
- eu la HC no , phan ng Ngoai viec tach trc tiep t qua trnh
ac trng la phan ng the chng cat dau mo , xicloankan con c
- Xiclopropan va xiclobutan co ieu che t ankan , th du :
t 0 , xt
phan ng cong m vong . CH3[CH2]4CH3 + H2
Hoat ong 6: 2/ ng dung :
GV hng dan HS viet phng Ngoai viec dung lam nhien lieu nh
trnh phan ng va ng dung ankan , xicloankan con c dung lam dung
cua xicloankan da tren phan moi , lam nguyen lieu ieu che cac
ng tach chat khac , th du :
- HS viet phng trnh 0
t , xt
+ 3H2
3. Cung co :
Neu s giong va khac nhau gia ankan va xicloankan ?
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET40 Bai 27 : LUYEN TAP . ANKAN VA XICLOANKAN
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Cung co :cac kien thc ve ankan va xicloankan
2. Ky nang :
- Ren luyen k nang viet CTCT va goi ten cac ankan
- Ren luyen k nang lap CTPT cua hp chat hu c , viet ptp co chu
y van dung quy luat the vao phan t ankan .
3. Trong tam :
Giai cac bai tap van dung .
II. CHUAN B :
- GV : - Ke san bang nhng cha ien d lieu
- He thong bai tap bam sat noi dung luyen tap
- HS : - Chuan b cac bai tap trong chng 6 trc khi en lp
- He thong lai cac kien thc a c hoc .
1. Kiem tra : Ket hp trong qua trnh luyen tap
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong cua giao vien Hoat ong cua hoc sinh
Hoat ong 1 : I.KIEN THC CAN NAM :
Gv neu nhng van e c Hs a cac v du minh hoa , phan tch ,
ban a c hoc khac sau va cung co kien thc a
Cho cac to thoa luan c hoc .
nhom . 1.cac phan ng chnh trong hoa hu c :
-Phan ng chnh trong hoa hu The , cong , tach .
Gio n 11 c bn
c ? 2.Ankan la hirocacbon no mach h , co
CTTQ la CnH2n+2 ( n1)
3.t C4H10 tr i co ong phan mach
-ankan la g ? CTTQ ? cacbon .
4.Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng cua ankan
-Co nhng loai ong phan va xicloankan la phan ng the , rieng
nao ? xicloankan vong nho co phan ng cong
m vong .
-Tnh chat hoa hoc ac trng 5.So sanh ankan va xicloankan :
cua ankan va xicloankan la g ? Giong nhau Khac nhau
Ca Ch co lk n Ankan : h
-So sanh s giong va khac u Xicloankan :vong
nhau ve tnh chat hoa hoc cua tao
ankan va xicloankan ? Tn -eu co phan -Xiclopropan ,
h ng the xiclobutan co
cha -Co phan ng phan ng cong
-ng dung cua ankan ? t tach hiro m vong
hoa -Chay toa nhieu
Hoat ong 2 : nhiet
GV hng dan hoc sinh hoan hoc
thanh cac bai tap trong sgk . -Ankan la thanh phan chnh trong cac loai
Bai 1 : Viet CTCT cua cac nhien lieu va la nguon nguyen lieu phong
ankan sau : phu cho CN hoa chat .
Pentan , 2-metylbutan , isobutan , II.BAI TAP :
cac chat tren con co ten goi Bai 1 :
nao khac khong ? CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
CH3 CH CH2 CH3 CH3 CH CH3
Bai 2 : Ankan Y mach khong CH3 CH3
phan nhanh co CTG nhat la Bai 2 : a) Ankan co CTPT ( C2H5)n C2nH5n
C2H5 . V ankan nen : 5n = 2n.2+2 => n = 2
a) Tm CTPT , viet CTCT va goi Vay CTCT cua Y la : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
ten Y ?
b) Viet ptp cua Y vi clo khi CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2Cl
chieu sang , ch ro san b) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 + Cl2 + HCl
pham chnh cua phan ng ? CH3 CH CH2 CH3
Cl
Bai 3 : goi so mol CH4 la x , so mol C2H6 la
y
Bai 3 : ot chay hoan toan nA = 0,15 = x + y
3,36 lit hon hp kh A gom nCO2 = 0,2 = x + 2y
metan va etan thu c 4,48 lit giai he => x = 0,1 , y = 0,05
kh CO2 ( kc ) . Tnh %V moi kh => %V CH4 = 66,67% , %V C2H6 = 33,33%
trong hon hp A ? Bai 4 :
Nang nhiet o cua 1g nc len 1 oC can
Bai 4 : khi 1gam CH4 chay toa tieu ton 4,18J
ra 55,6KJ . Can ot bao nhieu lit Vay khi nang nhiet o 1g nc t 25 oC
kh CH4 ( kc ) e u lng len 100 oC can tieu ton lng nhiet la :
3
nhiet un 1 lit H2O ( D = 1g/cm ) 75.4,18 = 313,5J
t 25C len 100C . Biet Do o lng nhiet can tieu ton cho 1lit
muon nang 1gam nc len nc t 25 oC len 100C la 313,5 . 1000 =
1C can tieu ton 4,18J va gia 313,5KJ
s nhiet sinh ra ch dung e Mat khac : 1gam CH khi chay toa 55,6KJ
4
lam tang nhiet o cua
Gio n 11 c bn
nc . Vay e co 313,5KJ can 5,6385 gam CH4
VCH4 can dung la : 7,894 lit .
3. Cung co :
4. BTVN: Bt trong SBT
TIET41
Bai 28 : THC HNH PHN TCH NH TNH
IU CH V TNH CHT CA METAN
I. TRNG TM:
- Bit cch xc nh s c mt ca C, H va halogen hp cht hu c, phng php iu ch v th
mt vi tnh cht ca metan .
- Tiep tc rn luyn cc k nng thc hnh nh nung nng ng nghim cha cht rn, th tnh chat
ca cht kh . . .
II. CHUN B:
1. Dng c:
- ng nghim . n cn .
- Nt cao su mt l nay va ng nghim . ng ht nh git .
- Ong dan kh hnh ch L (l1 : 5cm ,l2 : 20 cm ) u nhnh di v c vt nhn .
- Bo gi th nghim thc hnh (e s v cp g) - Cc thy tinh 100 200 ml
- Kp ha cht . Ga ng nghim 2 tng .
2 Hoa cht:
- ng knh (tinh bt, naphtalen v. v)
- CHCl3 hoc CCl4 hoc on v nha bc dy in c bc ra trn .
- CuO , bot CuSO4 khan .CH3COONa c nghin nh .
- oan dy Cu ng knh 0,5 mm di 20 cm
- Vi ti xt (NaOH v CaO) .
- Dung dch KMnO4 long .
- Dung dch nc brom .
- Dung dch nc vi trong .
- Nm bng
1. Kim tra:
Gio n 11 c bn
- Vic chun b nh ca hc sinh
- L thuyt thc hnh
2. Bi mi:
Chia hc sinh ra rng nhm thc hnh
Th nghim 1: Xc nh s c mt ca C, H trong hp cht hu c

- Nghin nh khong 0,2 0, 3ghp cht hu c (ng knh, bng phin hoc tinh bt) roi trn u
vi 1g bt CuO . Cho hn hp vo y ng nghim kh . Cho tip 1g bt CuO ph kn hn hp . t
1 mu bng c rc cc ht CuSO4 khan phan tren ong nghim . Dy nt c ng dn kh sc
vo ng nghim cha nc vi trong . Lp dng c nh hnh v .
- Dung en cn nung nng nh ton b ng nghim, sau o un nng mnh phn c
cha hn hp phn ng v ghi li hin tng quan st c
- Can chuan b sn bt CuSO4 : nghin nh cc tinh th CuSO4.5H2O bng ci ri sy kh trong
capsun s
- Can tn k hn hp ca cht hu c v CuO, cho vao tn y ng nghim
- Hng dn HS t ng nghim nm ngang
Th nghim 2: Nhn bit halogen trong hp cht hu c .
a) Ly mt mu dy ng di 20 cm c ng knh khong 0,5 mm va cun thnh
hnh l xo khong 5 cm . t nng phn l xo trn ngn la n cn n khi ngn la
khng cn nhum mu xanh l m .
b) Nhung phan lo xo vo ng nghim ng hp cht hu c c cha halogen
nh CHCl3 , CCl4 , C6H5Br , hoc p phn l xo nng vo v bc dy in hay mu
dp nha ri t phn l xo trn ngn la n cn . Quan st mu ngn la .
Lu y :
a iem nong nht ca ngn la n cn tip xc vi phn y ng nghim .
- Hng dan hs gii thch:
Khi t nng, hp cht hu c b phn hu, Clo tch ra di dng HCl . Chnh HCl tc dng vi CuO
ph trn b mt on dy ng to thnh CuCl2 va H2O , cac phn t CuCl2 phn tn trong ngn la
lm cho ngn la c mu xanh l m .
Th nghiem 3 : iu ch v th mt vi tnh cht ca metan
Nghien nh 1 g CH3COONa khan cng vi 2 g vi ti xt ( CaO + NaOH ) ri
cho vo y ng nghim c lp ng dn kh ( giong nh hnh 5.5) . un nng t t, sau
un nng mnh phn ng nghim c cha hn hp phn ng ng thi ln lt lm
cc thao tc:
a) a au ong dan kh sc vo dung dch KMNO4 1% .
b) a u ng dn kh sc vo nc brom .
c) a que dim ang chy ti u ng dn kh .
a mt mu s trng chm vo ngn la ca metan
Gv lu y :
- Nn chun b sn vi ti xt v CH3COONa khan cho cc nhm thc hnh: Tan nh vi sng ( khng
dng bt vi c sn) roi trn nhanh vi xt ht theo t l 1,5:1 sau trn nhanh CH3COONa khan vi
vi ti xt theo t l 2:3
- ng nghim cha hn hp phn ng c lp theo hng nm ngang trn gi th nghim .
Gio n 11 c bn
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 42 Bai 29 : ANKEN
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Cho Hs biet :
-Cau tao , ong ang , ong phan cua anken .
-Phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua anken .
-phan biet anken va ankan bang phng phap hoa hoc .
Cho HS hieu :
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua anken .
-V sao anken co nhieu ong phan hn ankan
-V sao anken co phan ng tao polime .
2. Ky nang :
-Viet ong phan cau tao , ong phan hnh hoc va goi ten anken
-Viet phan ng chng minh tnh chat hoa hoc cua anken .
-Van dung kien thc a hoc e nhan biet .
-tiep tuc cuang co k nang giai bai tap ve lap CTPT , bai tap ve
hon hp cac hirocacbon .
3. Trong tam :
Viet ong phan , goi ten anken .
II. CHUAN B :
-Mo hnh phan t etilen , mo hnh ong phan cis , trans cua but-2-en
( hoac tranh ve )
-Ong nghiem , nut cao su kem theo ong dan kh , kep ong nghiem , en
con , bo gia th nghiem .
-Hoa chat : H2SO4ac , C2H5OH , cat sach , ddKMnO4 , ddBr2 .
1. Kiem tra : Khong co
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai I. ONG ANG , ONG PHAN , DANH
Viet ong phan cua C3H6 PHAP :
ngoai xiclo ankan con co 1. ong ang :
anken cung co ct chung CnH2n - Etilen (C2H4), propilen(C3H6),butilen(C4H10)
Hoat ong 2 : eu co mot lien ket oi C=C , chung
T Ct cua etilen va khai hp thanh day ong ang goi la day
niem ong ang ong ang cua etilen
Gv yeu cau HS viet CTPT mot - CT chung la : CnH2n ( n 2 )
so ong ang cua etilen
-Viet CT tong quat cua anken
- V du : C3H6 , C4H8 , C5H10 ...
- CT chung : CnH2n
Neu nh ngha day ong
ang cua etilen .
Hoat ong 3 : 2. ong phan :
Viet tat ca CTCT cua anken a) ong phan cau tao :
ng vi CTPT C2H4 , C3H6 , C4H8 - ong phan v tr lk oi :
- Nhan xet s khac nhau gia CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
cac ong phan . CH3-CH=CH-CH3
- Gv cho Hs khai quat ve cac - ong phan mach cacbon :
loai ong phan cua anken CH2=C-CH2-CH3
Gio n 11 c bn
Anken co 2 loai ong phan : CH3
mach cacbon va ong phan v CH2=CH-CH-CH3
tr . CH3
GV thuyet trnh neu van b) ong phan hnh hoc :
e : CH3 CH3
*Do trong phan t co 1 lk oi C=C
nen anken ( n4 ) con co H H
them ong phan v tr lien Cis Trans
ket oi .
-Gv dung s o sau e mo
ta khai niem ong phan hnh
hoc . 3.Danh phap :
R1 R3 a) Ten thong thng :
C=C Ten ankan an + ilen
R2 R4 V du :
ieu kien : CH2=CH-CH3 CH2=C-CH3
R1 R2 , R3R4 Propilen CH3
Hoat ong 4 : CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
- Gv yeu cau HS phan biet 2 b) Ten IUPAC :
loai danh phap ? a. Quy tac :
- HS nghien cu sgk phan biet - Chon mach chnh la mach C dai nhat co
danh phap thong thng va cha lk oi
danh phap IUPAC . - anh so C mach chnh t pha gan lk oi
hn .
- Hs nhan xet , rut ra quy So ch nhanh ten nhanh ten C
luat goi ten cac anken theo mach chnh so ch lk oi en
danh phap thong thng . b. V du :
-Gv goi ten mot so anken . CH2=CH2 CH2=CH-CH3
-Gv gii thieu cach goi ten Eten Propen
cac anken theo danh phap thay CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 But 1 en
the . CH3-CH=CH-CH3 But 2 en
- GV a ra mot so CTCT cua II. TNH CHAT VAT LY
anken . 1.Nhiet o soi , nhiet o nong
-Hs van dung goi ten mot so chay va khoi lng rieng :
anken . - Nhiet o soi , nhiet o nong chay va
khoi lng rieng cua anken khong khac
Hoat ong 4 : nhieu so vi ankan tng ng va thng
Gv hng dan HS nghien cu nho hn so vi xicloankan .
sgk va tra li cac van e -T C2 C4 : Chat kh
lien quan en tnh chat vat l : -Nhiet o nong chay , nhiet o soi
- Trang thai tang theo M .
- Quy luat biet oi nhiet o -Cac anken nhe hn nc .
nong chay , nhiet o soi , - Anken co ten lch s la olefin
khoi lng rieng -hau nh khong tan trong nc
- Tnh tan -La nhng chat khong mau .
3. Cung co : Cau tao , ong phan va cach goi ten cua anken co g
khac so vi ankan ?
4. Bai tap ve nha : 1,2 /134 sgk
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 43 Bai 29 : ANKEN( tt )
I. MUC TIEU :
a trnh bay tiet trc
*. Trong tam :
- Tnh chat hoa hoc cua anken
- S giong va khac nhau trong tnh chat hoa hoc gia anken va ankan .
II. CHUAN B :
Dung cu va hoa chat ( tiet trc )
1. Kiem tra :
* Viet tat ca ong phan anken ng vi CTPT C5H10 , C6H12 , goi
ten ?
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 : Vao bai
Anken co nhng tnh chat hoa
hoc g giong va khac ankan ?
Hoat ong 2 :
D oan tnh chat hoa hoc III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
cua anken ? 1. Phan ng cong
-Hs da vao cau truc , ac a)Cong hiro :
iem cau tao phan t anken , ( Phan ng hiro hoa )
d oan trung tam phan ng CH2=CH2 + H2 t
o
CH3-CH3
-lien ket oi la trung tam o
CnH2n + H2 Ni ,t CnH2n+2
phan ng .
b) Cong halogen :
lien ket noi oi cua
( Phan ng halogen hoa )
anken kem ben vng nen
trong phan ng de b t raa) thc nghiem : sgk
e tao thanh lien ket vib) Giai thch :
cac nguyen t khac . CH2=CH2 + Cl2 ClCH2 - CH2Cl
Hoat ong 3 : CH3CH=CHCH2CH3 + Br2
Gv neu van e : phan ng CH3 CH CH CH2CH3
cong vao anken noi rieng va Br Br
hirocacbon khong no noi -Anken lam mat mau cua dung dch brom
chung c xet vi 3 tac Phan ng nay dung e nhan biet
nhan anken .
H2 3. Phan ng cong nc va axit
Br2 a) cong axit : halogenua (HCl , HBr , HI ) ,
HX H2SO4
- GV gii thieu c che cong , CH2=CH2 + HClk CH3CH2Cl
ieu kien phan ng va goi CH2=CH2 + H-OSO3H
ten san pham CH3CH2OSO3H
Viet phng trnh phan ng b) cong nc :
( a biet lp 9 ) T o CH2=CH2 + H-OH t
o
HCH2 CH2OH
viet ptp tong quat . c)Hng cua phan ng cong axit
Hs chia 3 tac nhan lam 2 vao anken :
nhom : HCH2-CHCl-CH3
*Tac nhan oi xng (sp chnh)
*Tac nhan bat oi xng CH2=CH-CH3 +HCl
Gio n 11 c bn
-Hs len bang viet cac phng ClCH2-CHH-CH3
trnh phan ng dang tong (Sp phu)
quat .
Hoat ong 4 : * Quy tac Maccopnhicop :
-Gv lam th nghiem : C2H4 Trong phan ng cong HX ( axit hoac
+ Br2 nc ) vao lk C=C cua anken , H ( phan
-Phan ng co xay ra khong ? mang ien tch dng ) cong vao C mang
hien tng g ? viet ptp ? nhieu H hn , Con X- ( hay phan mang ien
HS quan sat th nghiem , neu tch am ) cong vao C mang t H hn .
hien tng
Viet PTP . 4. Phan ng trung hp :
-Hs viet ptp cong nc vao ,100 300o C
nCH2=CH2 peoxit100 atm
anken .
[- CH2 CH2 ]n
Hs nhan xet va rut ra
-Phan ng trung hp la qua trnh cong
hng cua phan ng cong
hp lien tiep nhieu phan t nho giong
Gv gii thieu quy tac nhau hoac tng t nhau tao thanh phan
maccopnhicop t ln goi la polime .
- Gv gi y e HS viet ptp -Chat au goi la monome
anken vi hiro halogenua , -So lng mac xch trong mot phan t
H2SO4 . polime goi la he so trung hp , k hieu n
Hoat ong 5 :
-Gv at van e : anken co 5. Phan ng oxi hoa :
kha nang tham gia phan ng a) Oxi hoa hoan toan :
cong hp lien tiep nhau tao 3n o
thanh nhng phan t mach CnH2n + O2 t nCO2+ nH2O
2
rat dai va co phan t khoi
b) Oxi hoa khong hoan toan :
ln .
Anken lam mat mau dd KMnO4
- GV viet s o va phng trnh
phan ng trung hp etilen Dung e nhan biet anken 3CH2= CH2 +
- Hng dan Hs rut ra khai 2KMnO4 + 4H2O 3CH2CH2+ 2MnO2 +2 KOH
niem .
-Hs nhan xet , viet s o IV. IEU CHE VA NG DUNG :
va phng trnh phan ng 1. ieu che :
o
trung hp cac anken khac . CH3CH2OH H 2 SO4 ,170 C CH2=CH2 + H2O
-Hs rut ra cac khai niem : C4H10 t
o
C2H4 + C2H6
phan ng trung hp , polime , 2.ng dung :
monome , he so trung hp . a) tong hp Polime :
-Hs viet phng trnh chay PVC , PVA , PE ...
-Nhan xet t le so mol H2O b) Tong hp cac hoa chat khac : etanol ,
va so mol cua CO2 etilen oxit , etilen glicol , anehit axetic ...
nCO2 = nH2O
-Gv lam th ngiem , viet
phng trnh phan ng , neu
y nghia cua phan ng
Lu y : nen dung KMnO4
loang
- Gv viet PTP , hng dan
can bang theo phng phap
thang bang electron .
Hoat ong 6 :
-Gv gii thieu mot so phng
phap ieu che anken .
Gio n 11 c bn
- Hs tm hieu cac ng dung
cua anken .
- GV bo xung s kch thch qua
mau chn
3. Cung co
- Nhac lai cac tnh chat hoa hoc c ban cua anken.
- Hoan thanh chuoi phan ng sau:
- C2H5COONa C2H6 X PE
PVC Y
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 44 Bai 30 : ANKAIEN
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Cho hoc sinh biet
- Khai niem ve ankaien : CT chung , phan loai , 8ong ang , ong
phan danh phap .
- ac iem cau truc cua he lien ket oi lien hp
- Phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua butaien va isopren
Cho hoc sinh hieu :
- V sao phan ng cua ankaien xay ra theo nhieu hng hn so voi anken
.
- thanh phan cua cao su .
II. CHUAN B :
Mo hnh phan t but 1,3 ien , t lieu ve cao su .
1. Kiem tra :
* Hoan thang chuoi phan ng :
C4H10 C2H6 C2H4 C2H5OH C2H4 C2H5Cl C2H4Cl2
* Lam bai tap so/126 sgk
2. Bai mi :

Hoat ong 1 :Vao bai I . NH NGHA , PHAN LOAI :
- Hc khong no : cha 1 , 2 lien
ket oi hoac lien ket ba 1. nh ngha :
- Ankaien la mot trong nhng -Ankaien ( iolefin ) la nhng hirocacbon
HC khong no mach h co 2 lien ket oi trong phan t .
Hoat ong 2 : - ien mach h co CT chung la CnH2n-2 ( n 3 )
- Gv lay v du mot so ankaien
hng dan HS viet mot so Ct 2. Phan loai :
ankaien . - v du :
- Hs viet CT , t o rut ra : CH2=C=CH2 ( anlen )
*Khai niem hp chat ien CH2=CH-CH=CH2
*Ct tong quat cua ien CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2
- Hs khai quat , a ra CT -ien ma 2 lk oi cach nhau mot lien ket
chung . ieu kien cua ch so n goi la ien lien hp .
n?
-Yeu cau Hs viet ong phan II. TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
cua C5H8 ( ankaien )
- Can c vao v tr gia 2 lien 1. Phan ng cong :
ket oi , phan loai ankaien .
* Lu y :trong cac loai tren th a) Cong hiro :
ankaien lien hp co nhieu o
CH2=CH-CH=CH2 + 2H2 Ni ,t CH3 CH2 CH2
ng dung trong k thuat . CH3
Hoat ong 3 : o
CH2=C-CH=CH2 + 2H2 Ni ,t CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
-D oan tnh chat hoa hoc
CH3 CH3
cua ien ?
- D oan tnh chat cua
ankaien .
b) Cong halogen CH2Br-CHBr-
- Tren c s phan tch cau tao
CH=CH2
phan t buta 1,3 ien va
Gio n 11 c bn
isopren CH2=CH-CH=CH2 Br2
-Hs viet cac phng trnh phan BrCH2-CH=CH-

ng cua chung vi : H2 , X2 , CH2Br
HX . - nhiet o thap u tien tao thanh
- Hs t viet phng trnh phan san pham 1,2 nhiet o cao tao
ng cong halogen va goi ten thanh san pham cong 1,4 .
san pham .
- Gv cho biet t le % san c) Cong hiro halogenua :
pham cong 1,2 va 1,4 . *Phan ng cong HX theo quy tac
- Do ankaien co nhieu hn Maccopnhiop .
anken mot lien ket oi nen -Cong 1,2 :
t le cong gia ankaien va CH2=CH CH = CH2 + HBr CH2 = CH CHBr
tac nhan co the la 1,2 hoac CH3
1,4 . - Cong 1,4 :
-Hs rut ra nhan xet : CH2=CH CH = CH2 + HBr CH3 - CH = CH
*Buta 1,3 ien va isopren co CH2Br
kha nang tham gia phan ng
cong 2) Phan ng trung hp :
* nhiet o thap u tien tao Tham gia phan ng trung hp chu yeu theo
thanh san pham cong 1,2 , kieu cong 1,4 :
nhiet o cao u tien tao
thanh san pham cong 1,4 . o
n CH2=CH-CH=CH2
xt ,t ,p [-CH2 CH = CH CH2
- Gv lu y Hs viet san pham
chnh theo quy tac -]
Maccopnhicop . Polibutaien
Hoat ong 4 : ( cao su buna )
-Gv hng dan Hs viet pt o
phan ng trung hp CH2=C-CH=CH2
xt ,t ,p [-CH2 C = CH CH2 - ]
- Phan ng trung hp cua CH3 CH3
anken va ankaien co iem g Poli isopren
giong va khac nhau ?
-Hs nhac lai khai niem phan 3. Phan ng oxi hoa :
ng trung hp , ieu kien e a) phan ng chay :
co phan ng trung hp 2C4H6 + 11O2 t
o
8CO2 + 6H2O
- V p trung hp cung la b) Phan ng oxihoa khong hoan toan :
phan ng cong nen cung co ankaien cung lam mat mau dd KMnO4 .
kieu 1,2 va 1,4 . III . ieu che , ng dung:
-tng t HS viet ptp vi 1.ieu che :
isopren . - Tach t cac ankan tng ng
Chu y : Phan ng trung hp CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH2=CH-CH=CH2
chu yeu theo kieu cong 1,4 CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3 CH2=C-CH=CH2
tao ra polime con mot noi oi
CH3
trong phan t .
2C2H5OH C4H6 + H2 + H2O
- Hs t viet ptp chay .
- ankaien cung lam mat 2. ng dung : sgk
mau dd KMnO4
Hoat ong 5 :
-Gv neu phng phap ieu
che buta 1,3 ien va
isoprentrong cong nghiep
-Hs tm hieu sgk rut ra nhan
xet ve ng dung quan trong
cua buta 1,3 ien va isopren .
Gio n 11 c bn
3. Cung co :
4. Bai tap ve nha : SGK
.SBT
TIET 45 Bai 31: Luyn tp AnKen - ankaien
I- Mc tiu
1- V kin thc:
Hc sinh bit:
S ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht gia anken v ankaien.
Nguyn tc chung iu ch cc hiroccbon khng no dng trong cng
nghip ho cht..
Hc sinh hiu:
Mi lin quan gia cu to v tnh cht cc loi hirocacbon hc.
2- V k nng:
Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho tnh cht ca anken, ankaien. So
snh 2 loi hirocacbon trong chng vi nhau v vi hirocacbon hc.
II- chun b
- Gio vin chun b phiu hc tp
phiu hc tp
Cu 1. nh ngha , CTTQ, c im cu to , tnh cht ho hc,iu ch

anken? Qui tc cng Maccopnhi cop? Gii thch s to thnh sn phm chnh?
Cu 2. nh ngha, CTTQ, c im cu to,tnh cht ho hc,iu ch

butadien 1,3 ?
Cu 3. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn :

*Anken: C4H8, C5H10
Cu 4. Phn bit cc cht sau b mt nhn : Kh cacbonic, etan, etilen, kh
sunfur
Cu 5. Honthnhs: CaCO3
a. CH4 C2H2 CH2 = CH C CH butadien-1,3 cao su Buna

C2H4 C2H5Cl C2H5OH C2H4 C2H5OH butadien-1,3
b. PE C2H4 C2H6 C2H5Cl C2H4 CH3CHO
Cu 6. a. Anken A c t khi so vi H 2 l 21.Tm CTPT vit cng thc cu to,

gi tn A .
b. Vit PTP ca A : vi H 2 ; Br2 ; HCl ; H2O ; HCN ; chy v phn ng trng hp A to
thnh polime.
Cu 7. Cho 0,21g anken A phn ng vi 0,8 g brom. Tm cng thc phn

t , vit cng thc cu to ca A.
T chc hot ng dy hc:
Gio n 11 c bn
1- n nh t chc: S s:
2- Kim tra bi c: (Kt hp trong gi ging).
3- Ni dung:
Hot ng 1 1 .Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng

phn :
+nh ngha ankenG. , *Anken: C4H8, C5H10
ankin ? CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 buten 1 CH 3-CH = CH-CH3
+c im cu to buten 2
ca anken , ankin ? CH2=C ( CH3 )2 : 2- metylpropen
+Qui tc gi tn cc CH2=CH-CH2- CH2-CH3 penten 1
anken , ankin ? CH3-CH = CH- CH2-CH3 penten 2
CH2=C(CH3)-CH2- CH3
2- metylbuten -1
CH3 C = CH- CH3

CH3 2- metylbuten -2
CH3 CH CH = CH2

CH3 3- metylbuten 1
Hot ng 2
2.Hon thnh s phn ng

a .CH4C2H2CH2=CH-CCH butadien-1,3 cao su
Buna

C2H4C2H5ClC2H5OHC2H4C2H5OHbutadien
Hot ng 2
-1,3
+Cc phng php
iu ch axetilen ? 2CH4 C2H2+3 H2 ( 15000 C , lm lnh nhanh )
+c im cu to 2C2H2 CH2=CH-CCH ( CuCl ; NH4Cl ; t0C )
v tnh cht ca CH2=CH-CCH +H2 CH2=CH-CH=CH2 ( Pd ; t0C )
axetylen ? nCH2=CH-CH=CH2 - CH2-CH = CH-CH2-n ( Na ; P ;
+Kh nng phn ng t0C )
ca axetylen ? C2H2 + H2 CH2=CH2 ( Ni ; t0C )
+Tnh cht ho hc CH2= CH2 +HCl C2H5Cl
ca anken ? C2H5Cl+NaOH C2H5OH +NaCl ( t0C )
+Cc phng php
C2H5OH C2H4 +H2O ( H2SO4 c ;1700C )
iu ch etylen ?
C2H5OH+C2H5OHCH2=CH-CH=CH2+H2+2H2O
( ZnO;MgO,4000C )
3.Anken A c t khi so vi H 2 l 21.Tm CTPT vit

cng thc cu to, gi tn A .Vit PTP ca A : vi H 2 ;
Br2 ; HCl ; H2O ; HCN ; chy v phn ng trng hp A to
thnh polime.
dA/H2 = MA : 2 vy MA = 21. 2 = 42.

t cng thc ca A l CnH2n
CnH2n = 42 hay 14n = 42
n = 3 .Anken l C3H6 : CH2=CH-CH3
Gio n 11 c bn
CH2=CH-CH3 +H2 CH3 CH2-CH3
CH2=CH-CH3 +Br2 Br- CH2-CHBr-CH3
CH2=CH-CH3 +H2O CH3 CHOH-CH3
Hot ng 3 CH2=CH-CH3 +HCN CH3 CHCN-CH3
C3H6 +4,5 O2 3 CO2+3 H2O
+Anken l g ?CTTQ
ca anken ? n CH2=CH-CH3 - CH2-CH-n ( xt ; P ; t0C )
+Cc phng php
tm cng thc phn CH3
t ca hp cht hu 4.Ankan A c t khi hi so vi He l18.Tm cng thc
c ? phn t ca A.Khi dehidro ho A thu c 1 anken mch
+Cc ng phn ca nhnh.Xc nh cng thc cu to ca A.Vit phng
anken ? trnh phn ng ca A vi clo ( chiu sng t l mol
+Tnh cht ho hc 1:1).
ca anken ? MA=18.4=72
t cng thc ca A l CnH2n+2=72
14n+2=72 vy n=5 A l C5H12
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-pentan
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2 iso-pentan ( 2-metyl-butan)
CH3 C(CH3)3 neo-pentan ( 2,2-dimetylpropan)
Khi dehidro ho A thu c 1 anken mch nhnh .Vy A
c mch nhnh.
Cng thc cu to ca A l : CH 3-CH2-CH (CH3)2 ( 2-
metyl-butan)
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2 CH2=CH2-CH(CH3)2 +H2
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2 CH3-CH=CH(CH3)2 +H2
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2 CH3-CH2-CH=CH2+H2

F. III. Cng c. CH3
Vit cng thc cu to CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2+Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH-CH2Cl +HCl
v gi tn cc ng

phn C4H8
CH3
IV.Bi tp v nh.
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2+Cl2 CH3-CH2-CCl(CH3)2 +HCl
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2+Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CH(CH3)2 +HCl
CH3-CH2-CH (CH3)2+Cl2 CH2Cl-CH2-CH(CH3)2 +HCl
Gio n 11 c bn
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 46 Bai 32 : ANKIN
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Hs biet :
-Khai niem ong ang , ong phan , danh phap va cau truc phan t
cua ankin
-Phng phap ieu che va ng dung cua axetilen
Hs hieu :
S giong nhau va khac nhau ve tnh chat hoa hoc gia ankin va
anken .
2. Ky nang :
-Viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa tnh chat cua ankin
-Giai tch hien hng th nghiem .
3. Trong tam :
ong ang , ong phan , danh phap va cau truc phan t ankin .
II. PHNG PHAP :am thoai hoat ong nhom
III. CHUAN B :
-Tranh ve hoac mo hnh rong , mo hnh ac cua phan t axetilen .
-Dung cu : Ong nghiem , nut cao su kem ong dan kh , cap ong nghiem
, en con , bo gia ong nghiem .
-Hoa chat : CaC2 , dd KmnO4 , dd Br2
1. Kiem tra :
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong 1 : vao bai I. ONG ANG , ONG PHAN , DANH

- Viet tat ca ong phan PHAP :
cua C3H4 ?
Ngoai ankaien con co 1.ong ang
ong phan cha mot lien -Ankin la nhng hirocacbon mach h
ket ba trong phan t . co mot lien ket ba trong phan t .
Hoat ong 2 : -Day ong ang cua axetilen co cong
-Gv cho biet mot so ankin thc chung la CnH2n-2 ( n2 )
tieu bieu : C2H2 , C3H4 V du :
-Gv trnh bay CTCT , mo hnh HC CH , CH3-C CH
phan t cua ankin
H C C H
2. ong phan :
- Hs lap thanh day ong -T C4 tr i co ong phan v tr nhom
ang cua ankin chc , t C5 tr i co them ong phan
-Hs rut ra nhan xet mach cacbon .
CH C CH2 CH2 CH3
- Viet cac ong phan cua
ankin ng vi CTPT C5H8 ? CH3 C C CH2 CH3
- Hs viet cac ong phan va CH C CH CH3
phan loai cac ong phan CH3
va viet c .
3. Danh phap :
Gio n 11 c bn
a.Ten thong thng :
Hoat ong 3 : R C C R
- Gv hng dan Hs goi ten Ten goc R , R + Axetilen
theo danh phap IUPAC va danh V du :
phap thong thng . CH3- C CH : metyl axetilen
-Hs rut ra quy tac goi ten : b. Ten IUPAC :
tng t goi ten anken , thay So ch nhanh ten nhanh ten
uoi en thanh uoi in . mach chnh so ch lien ket ba in
- Ten thong thng : V du :
Goc ankyl + axetilen CH3- C C CH3 : but 1 - in
- Gv cho mot so ten goi e
hoc sinh viet CTCT . II. TNH CHAT VAT L :
- Cac ankin co lk ba au SGK
mach goi la cac ank 1 in .
Hoat ong 4 :
-Gv hng dan HS nghien
cu SGK va tra li cac van
e co lien quan en tnh
chat vat l : III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC :
Trang thai , quy luat bien oi 1. Phan ng cong :
nhiet o nong chay , nhiet a) cong hiro:
o soi , khoi lng rieng ,
HC CH + 2H2 Ni ,t CH3-CH3
o
tnh tan
HC CH +H2 Pd / PbCO3 CH2 = CH2
Hoat ong 5 : b) Cong brom :
Br
- GV lam th nghiem ieu C2H5 C C C2H5 20o2 C2H5 C=C C2H5
che C2H2 roi cho qua dd Br2 , dd
KMnO4 .
Br2 C2H5 C C C2H5
- Hs quan sat hien tng va c) Cong nc ( hirat hoa )

nhan xet : mau cua dd Br2 ,
dd KMnO4 sau phan ng HC CH + H OH HgSO804 , H 2 SO4
o [CH2=CH OH ]
- Gv hng dan hs viet CH3 CH = O
nhng ptp kho - Phan ng cong HX , H2O vao cac ankin
trong day ong ang cua axetilen cung
- Gv lu y Hs phan ng cong tuan theo quy tac Maccopnhicop.
HX , H2O vao ankin cung tuan d) Cong HX :
CH CH + HCl t , H

theo quy tac Maccopnhicop.
o
CH2 = CHBr
o
CH2 = CHCl t , H CH3 CHCl2
-T ac iem cau tao phan
Nhng :
t ankin , Gv hng dan HS
viet ptp CH CH + HCl
150HgCl
o
2
200o C
CH2 = CHCl
- Hs viet ptp : 2. Phan ng the ngt H cua ank 1-
* Axetilen + H2 in bang ion kim loai
* Axetilen + Br2 AgNO3 + 3NH3 + H2O [Ag(NH3)2]+OH- +
* Axetilen + HCl NH4NO3
* Axetilen + H2O
* Propin + H2O HC CH + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH Ag C C Ag +
Hoat ong 6 : 2H2O + 4NH3
-Gv phan tch v tr nguyen t Phan ng nay dung e nhan biet
hiro lien ket ba cua cac ankin co lk ba au day .
Gio n 11 c bn
ankin 3. Phan ng oxi hoa :
-lam th nghiem C2H2 + 3n 1
AgNO3 /NH3 CnH2n-2 + O2 nCO2 + (n-1) H2O H<0
2
-Ankin cung lam mat mau dd KMnO4
Phan ng nay dung e III. IEU CHE VA NG DUNG :
nhan biet cac ankin co lk 1. ieu che :
au mach . -Nhiet phan CH4 :
CH CH + 3H2
o
2CH4 1500
-Viet ptp chay cua C2H2 -T canxicacbua :
Cho Hs viet ptp tong CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
quat . 2.ng dung :
-Hs viet ptp chay cua ankin - Lam nhien lieu :
bang CTTQ 5
-Nhan xet t le so mol cua C2H2 + O2 2CO2 + H2O H = -1300KJ
2
CO2 va H2O .
-Lam nguyen lieu e tong hp mot so
-Tren c s hien tng quan
hp chat hu c .
sat c th nghiem tren
Hs khang nh ankin co phan
ng oxi hoa vi KMnO4 .
Hoat ong 7 :
Gv yeu cau Hs viet cac ptp
ieu che C2H2 t CaCO3 va C
- Gv neu phng phap chnh
ieu che axetilen trong CN
hien nay la nhiet phan CH4
1500OC
- Viet ptp ieu che C2H2
-Gv cho hoc sinh xem mot so

hnh anh ve ng dung cua
axetilen .
- Tm hieu ng dung cua C2H2
trong sgk
3. Cung co :
4. Bai tap ve nha : SGK .SBT
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 47 Bai 33 : LUYEN TAP
VII. ANKEN , ANKAIEN VA ANKIN
I. MUC TIEU :
1. Kien thc :
Hs biet :
-S giong nhau va khac nhau ve tnh chat gia anken , ankin va ankaien
-Nguyen tac chung ieu che cac hirocacbon khong no dung trong cong
nghiep hoa chat
Hs hieu :
Moi lien quan gia cau tao va tnh chat cac loai hirocacbon a hoc .
2. Ky nang :
Viet phng trnh phan ng minh hoa tnh chat anken , ankaien va ankin
So sanh 3 loai hirocacbon trong chng vi nhau va vi hirocacbon a
hoc .
3. Trong tam :
Viet phng trnh phan ng , giai cac bai tap co lien quan .
II. PHNG PHAP :
am thoai Hoat ong nhom
III. CHUAN B :
Gv chuan b bang kien thc can nh
1. Kiem tra :
Ket hp trong qua trnh luyen tap .
2. Bai mi :
Hoat ong 1 : I. NHNG KIEN THC CAN NH :

- Viet Ct tong quat cua ankin 1.Cau truc :
, ankaien , anken ? R1 R3
C=C R1 C C R2
R2 R4
- Neu nhng tnh chat vat l 2. Tnh chat vat l :
c ban cua anken , ankaien , -C1 C4 : the kh
ankin ? -C5 : the long hoac ran .
-Khong tan trong nc , nhe hn nc .
3. Tnh chat hoa hoc :
-Neu nhng tnh chat hoa * Cong hiro * Cong halogen
hoc c ban cua anken , but * Cong HA * Trung hp
1,3 ien , ankin ? * Oxi hoa
-Viet cac phng trnh phan
ng minh hoa ? 4. ieu che va ng dung .
-Neu nhng ng dung c II. BAI TAP :
ban cua 3 loai tnh chat
tren
Hoat ong 2 :
Bai 1 : ien cac so thch Bai 1 :
hp vao bang sau Hirocacbon CTPT So So So T
ngt vo so
H lk ng +V
Gio n 11 c bn
t
hn
anka
Bai 2 : n
a) mentol ( mui bac ha ) co Ankan CnH2n+2 0 0 0 0
CTPT C10H18O , ch cha mot Monoxicloank CnH2n 2 0 1 1
lien ket oi . Hoi co cau an
tao mach h hay mach Anken CnH2n 2 1 0 1
vong ? Ankaien CnH2n-2 4 2 0 2
b) vitamin A co CTPT C20H30O co Ankin CnH2n-2 4 2 0 2
cha mot vong 6 canh ,
khong cha lien ket ba . Bai 2 :
Hoi trong phan t co maya) mentol co CTPT C10H18O
lien ket oi ? 2.20 2 18
Co +v = =2 => +v = 2 , =1 ,
2
v=1
b) CTPT cua vitamin A la C20H30O
2.20 2 30
co +v= = 6 => +v = 6
2
v=1 => = 5
Bai 5 : Hoan thanh s o

phan ng sau : Bai 5 :
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH= CH CH3
+H2
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2= CH CH2 CH3
+H2
CH3 CH= CH CH3 CH3 C C CH3 +H2
CH3 CH= CH CH3 CH2= CH CH= CH +H2
CH2= CH CH2 CH3 CH C CH2 CH3 +H2
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH= C= CH2 +H2
CH3 C C CH3 + Br2 CH3 CBr = CBR
CH3
CH2 CH CH =
CH2
CH2=CH CH = CH2 + Br2 Br Br
Bai 6 : CH2 CH = CH
Khi ot chay hoan toan CH 2
mot HC the kh ( k Br
thng ) th thay the tch Br
cac kh tao thanh sau phan CH C CH2 CH3 + AgNO3 + NH3
ng ung bang the tch` AgC C CH2 CH3 +
cac kh tham gia phan ng NH4NO3
( cung t va p ). Hay cho Bai 6 :
biet HC co the nhan nhng y y
CxHy +(x + )O2 xCO2 + H2O
CTPT nh the nao ? 4 2
y y
Bai 7 : Hon hp gom 2 chat 1+x+ 4 = x + 2 => y = 4
ke tiep nhau trong day ong Vay hirocacbon the kh co the la :
ang cua etilen . Cho 3,36 lit CH4 , C2H4 , C3H4 , C4H4
( kc ) hon hp khi81 tren
Gio n 11 c bn
phan ng hoan toan vi Br2 Bai 7 :
trong CCl4 th thay khoi lng 3,36
bnh cha nc Br2 tang So mol cua hon hp A = = 0,15 mol
22, 4
them 7,7gam . Goi CTTQ chung cua 2 anken la CnH2n
a)Xac nh CTPT cua 2 ankena) CnH2n + Br2 CnH2nBr2
o ?
0,15 0,15
b)Xac nh %V cua hon hp
Khoi lng bnh Br2 tang len chnh la khoi
au ?
lng cua 2 anken .
c)Viet CTCT cua cac anken
7, 7
ong phan co cung CTPT MA = = 51,3 n=3,66
vi 2 anken o ? 0,15
V 2 olefin ke tiep nhau nen co CTPT la
C3H6 va C4H8
b)Goi so mol cua C3H6 , C4H8 lan lt la a,
b mol
ta co he : a + b = 0,15 a=
0,05
42a + 56b = 7,7 b = 0,1
Bai 8 : %VC3H6= 33,33% , %VC4H8 = 66,67%
Nhiet phan 2,8 lit etan ( kc ) b) Cac CTCT co the co
1200C roi cho mot na
hon hp kh thu c suc qua Bai 8 :
bnh ng nc Br2 d thay kl So mol cua C2H6 = 0,125 mol
bnh nay tang 1,465 gam. Cho Nhiet phan C2H6 ta co :
na kh con lai phan ng C2H6 C2H4 + H2 , C2H6 C2H2 + 2H2 va
vi dd AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu C2H6 d
c 0,6 gam ket tua vang . x x y 2y
Biet rang phan ng nhiet C2H4 + Br2 C2H4Br2 C2H2 + 2Br
phan tao ra etilen , axetilen la C2H2Br4
phan ng khong hoan hoan x x y 2y
, cac phan ng tiep sau o C2H2 + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 AgC CAg +
la hoan toan . Xac nh %v 2NH4No3
hon hp cac kh thu c sau y y
phan ng ? 2.0, 6
y= = 0,005 mat khac 28x + 26y =
240
1,465.2 = 2,93
x = 0,1 mol
nH2 = x + 2y = 0,11
nC2H6 d = 0,02 mol
tong so mol hon hp kh thu c : 0,235
mol
=> %V cac kh .
Gio n 11 c bn
TIET 48
Bai 34: THC HNH
IU CH V TNH CHT CA ETILEN, AXETILEN
I-TRNG TM:
K nng thc hnh: ieu ch v th tnh cht ca Axetilen, tnh cht ca etilen.
II-PHNG PHP:
Hot ng nhm, th nghim thc hnh, tho lun, nu vn .
II-CHUN B:
1 Gio vin:
-Dng c: ong nghim, gi ng nghim, nut cao su 1 l y ming ng nghim,ong dn thu
tinh thng mt u vut nhn, gia ng nghim,kep ho cht, ong ht nh git, ong nghim c
nhnh.
-Ho cht:dd nc Brom,dd KMnO4 1% , CaC2 (t n),ancol etilic, bt, dd H2SO4 c
,ddNaOH (hoc Ca (OH)2.
2-Hc sinh:
-Chun b l thuyt bi thc hnh,
-Xem li kin thc v hydrocacbon khng no
III-T CHC THC HNH:

1- Kiem tra s chun b bi thc hnh ca hc sinh, chia lp ra thnh 6 nhm
hay 4, 5 nhm tu theo s s hc sinh, mi nhm t 4 n 6 hc sinh lm th nghim.
2-Ni dung thc hnh:
-Th nghim 1: iu ch v th tnh cht ca Axetilen.
-Th nghim 2: Tnh cht ca Toluen.
Hot ng ca thy Hot ng ca tr
-Gio vin: nu cch tin hnh th nghim
a-Cho mt vi mu CaC2 bng ht vo TH NGHIM 1
mt -Hc sinh: lm th nghim 1
ong nghim cha sn 2ml nc,ay iu ch v th tnh cht ca Axetilen.
nhanh nt c ng dn kh gp khc sc vo - Hoc sinh quan st hin tng:
+Canxicacbua(CaC2) tc dng vi H2O
ng nghim cha 2ml nc brom.Quan st
to thnh kh Axetilen (C2H2)
hin tng, giai thch ? + St kh Axtilen vo ng nghim cha dd
Gio vin: nc Brom, dd Brom mt mu, do cc phn
Cho cc nhm nu hin tng quan st c ng xy ra, cui cng to thnh 1,1,2,2-
cua nhm mnh, theo di v hng dn hc sinh tetrabrom-
ghi vo bn tng trnh. etan (Br2CH-CHBr2) khng mu.
- Hc sinh vit phng trnh:( gii thch)
Gio vin: CaC2 + 2H2O CHCH + Ca(OH)2
hng dn hc sinh vit phng trnh gii
thch. CHCH + 2Br2 Br2CH-CHBr2 (khng mu)
- Hc sinh nu hin tng quan st c:
b- Tng t th nghim a nhng thay nc (c nhm cng quan stc)
brom bng dung dch KMnO4 - St u ng dn kh axetilen vo dung
-Gio vin: theo di cch tin hnh th nghimca hs dch
KMnO4 , dung dch mt mu do axetilen b
(Hc sinh khng vit phng trnh phn ng ny). oxiho
lin kt ba to ra cc sn phm phc tp, con
c- Cho ht mu t n bng ht (vai KMnO4 b kh thnh MnO2 (kt ta mu en)
ht) -Hc sinh quan st hin tng v gii thch:
vo ng nghim cha 2ml nc. y nhanh nt + Axetilen chy vi ngn la sng, toa nhiu
c ng dn kh thng ng u vut nhn . t nhit, to ra kh CO2 v nc, khi a mu s
kh sinh ra . a 1 mu s trng li gn ngn trng li gn xut hin mui en v cc git nc
Gio n 11 c bn
la . Nhn xt? trn mt s.
* C2H2 + 2,5O2 2CO2 + H2O
TH NGHIM 2:
-Giao vin nu cch tin hnh th nghim: -Hc sinh quan st hin tng:
+ng 1: Khi nh dung dch toluen vo ng
Gio vin theo di cch tin hnh th nghim ca nghim cha mu iot, lac k, yn c dung
cc nhm, hng dn ghi tng trnh chnh xc dch mu tm nu , chng t iot tan trong toluen.
+ng 2: Khi nh dung dch toluen vo ng
nghim cha dung dch KMnO4 va lc k, lp
Gio vin lu hc sinh quan st hin tng . toluen khng mu ni ln trn. Dung dch
Neu nhn xt ca phn ng ca etilen vi dung KMnO4 khong b mt mu nm pha di.
dch brm, dung dch KMnO4 Chng t toluen khng phn ng vi dung
dch KMnO4 nhit thng.
un si, dung dch mt mu do KMnO4 oxi
ho toluen thnh kalibenzoat v bn thn n b
kh thnh MnO2.
+ng 3: Nh dung dch toluen vo nc
brom, lac k ri yn. Toluen ho tan trong
brom v to thnh lp cht lng mu hung nht
ni ln pha trn. Nc ho tan brom km hn
toluen, neu dung dch nc brm pha
di b nht mu i.Nh vy brm b toluen chit
ln trn m khng xy ra phn ng ho hc.
IV.NOI DUNG TNG TRNH TH NGHIM:

1-Tn hc sinh: Lp:

2-Tn bi thc hnh:
3-Ni dung tng trnh:
a) Trnh by tm tt cch tin hnh th nghim,mo t hin tng quan st c, giai
thch , vit phng trnh phn ng (nu c) trong th nghim: iu ch v th tnh cht ca axetilen.
b) Trnh by tm tt cch tin hnh th nghim : tnh cht ca etilen
Rt ra kt lun.
*Ch : Cui bui cc nhm dn v sinh trong phng thc hnh.
HIDROCACBON THM
Chng 7:
NGUN HIDROCACBON THIN NHIN
Tit 50 . Bi 35 : benzen v cc ng ng
I - Mc tiu
1.V kin thc
HS bit :
Gio n 11 c bn
c im cu to ca benzen , vit cng thc cu to v gi tn mt s
hidrocacbon thm n gin
Tnh cht vt l, tnh cht ho hc ca benzen v ng ng ca
benzen.
Tnh cht ho hc ca stiren v naphtalen
HS hiu:
Cu to c bit ca vng benzen : cu trc phng , phn t c dng
hnh lc gic u , c h electron lin hp l nguyn nhn dn n benzen
th hin tnh cht ca hidrocacbon no v khng no.
2.V k nng
HS vn dng qui tc th nhn benzen vit phng trnh phn ng
iu ch cc dn xut ca benzen v ca ankylbenzen.
Phn bit c benzen vi cc ng ng ca benzen vi cc hidrocacbon
khc.
II - Chun b
GV:M hnh phn t benzen, H2SO4 c , HNO3 c , nc lnh , dung dch
Br2 / CCl4 .
Dng c : a thu tinh , ng nghim , cp ng nghim .
HS: n li tnh cht ca hirocacbon no v hirocacbon khng no.
III -T chc hot ng dy hc
1. Kim tra: Khng
2. Bi mi:
Hot ng 1 : M u
GV chiu cng thc cu to -Hidrocacbon thm : l nhng hidrocacbon
cc hidrocacbon thm , hng trong phn t c cha
dn hc sinh nhn xt rt ra -Cc loi hidrocacbon thm :
cc khi nim : hidrocacbon A. Benzen v ng ng
thm , phn loi . I. ng ng - ng phn Danh php .
HS: Nhn xt rt ra khi nim 1. Dy ng ng ca benzen
v phn loi hidrocacbon CH3 CH2-CH3
thm. CH3
Hot ng 2
GV yu cu HS vit cng thc
phn t cc cht ng ng
ca benzen ? C8H10 C 6H 6
Cng thc chung cho dy Cng thc phn t chung C nH2n-6 ( n 6 )
ng ng ca benzen? 2.ng phn , danh php
Cng thc cu to cc a. ng phn ( hidrocacbon thm ) ( n 8)
hidrocacbon ng phn C 8H10 - Cu to ca nhnh.
, C9H12 bit chng l ng -V tr tng i gia cc nhnh trong vng
ng ca benzen ? benzen.
b. Danh php
* Danh php h thng :
s ch v tr nhnh ankyl +tn nhnh +
+GV nhn mnh cch nh s benzen.
nguyn t C trong vng 3. Cu to :
benzen .
Gio n 11 c bn
CH3
1
(o) 6 (o)
2
(m) 5 3 (m)
4
(p) II.Tnh cht vt l
+GV cho HS gi tn cc - Cc hidrocacbon thm u l cht lng hoc
hidrocacbon thm vit rn iu kin thng
cng thc cu to . - Nhit si tng dn
+HS nghin cu SGK , nu quy - Khng tan trong nc, tan nhiu trong dung mi
tc gi tn aren theo danh hu c
php h thng ? III.Tnh cht ho hc
+HS gi tn , lp nhn xt . -Tnh cht ca vng benzen.
+GV chiu m hnh phn t -Tnh cht ca nhnh ankyl.
benzen , phn tch cc yu 1. Phn ng th :
t v rt ra cng thc cu to a.Th H ca vng benzen
ca benzen. * Th halogen
Hot ng 3 Br
Hs nghin cu sch gio khoa
nu tnh cht vt l ca cc Fe/ t0
+Br2 +HBr
hidrocacbon thm ?
CH3
+Nhn xt c im cu Br
to ca phn t benzen v CH3
cc cht ng ng ca n ?
Cc trung tm phn ng ? Br2 / Fe
+GV lm th nghim - HBr CH3
-Benzen vi dung dch brom.
- Benzen vi brom khan .
- Benzen vi brom khan c
mt bt st.
+GV khai thc hin tng th Br
nghim v hng dn hc sinh
vit phng trnh ho hc.
- Nhn xt hin tng ( s i * Tc dng vi HNO 3
mu ca giy qu tm m ) ,
benzen c phn ng vi brom NO2
khng ? Trong iu kin
H2SO4 c
no ? +HNO3 c +H2O
Qu tm m i sang mu
chng t to ra sn phm Khi un nng :
no ? Vit phng trnh ho
hc ? NO2 NO2
Hot ng 4
+HNO3 c /H2SO4 c , t0
+GV lm th nghim
-Cho benzen vo hn hp
- H2O
HNO3+H2SO4 c , lc hn NO2
hp 5-10 pht, sau rt hn
hp vo nc lnh , dng a
Gio n 11 c bn
thu tinh khuy u .
+GV hng dn HS khai thc CH3
hin tng th nghim v hng NO2
dn hc sinh vit phng CH3
trnh ho hc ( hin tng ,
+HNO3 c /H2SO4
c
iu kin phn ng . . . . )
+GV hng dn HS nhn xt CH3
- H2O
cu to nhnh ca
ankylbenzen so snh vi ankan
, t d on kh nng
phn ng.
+GV hng dn HS vit PTHH t- NO2
ng t ankan
*Quy lut th nguyn t H trong vng
+ HS vit phng trnh ho benzen : SGK
hc ca phn ng gia HNO 3 b. Th H ca mch nhnh
v toluen ? Hng ca phn ng
v cc sn phm phn ng ? CH3 CH2Br
Khi c sn nhm ankyl trong
vng benzen , hng th t0
+Br2 +HBr
nguyn t H tip theo ca
vng nh th no ?
+c im cu to mch 2. Phn ng cng
nhnh ca cc ankylbenzen ? a. Cng hidro :
Kh nng tham gia phn ng ? Ni, t0
nh hng gia cc nguyn t
+3 H2
trong phn t ?
+HS nhn xt v vit PTHH ?
b. Cng clo
Cl
Cl Cl
as
+3 Cl2
Cl Cl
Cl
3.Phn ng oxi ho
Hot ng 5 a. Oxi ho khng hon ton :
+GV hng dn HS nhn xt
t0
c im cc lin kt trong CH3+2KMnO4 COOK+2MnO2+KOH+H2O
vng benzen . So snh vi
xiclohexan .T d on * Benzen khng tc dng vi dd KMnO 4 k c
kh nng phn ng ? khi un nng .
GV hng dn HS vit phng *Cc ankylbenzen khc cng lm mt mu dung
trnh ho hc ca phn ng dch KMnO4 khi un nng.
cng vo benzen, nhn mnh *Cc ankylbenzen khi b un nng ch c
iu kin phn ng, so snh nhm ankyl b oxi ho ( v tr C ):
kh nng tham gia phn ng b. Phn ng oxi ho hon ton :
cng ca benzen v anken ?
(3n-3) t0
CnH2n-6 + O2 n CO2 +(n-3) H2O
2
Gio n 11 c bn
Hot ng 6
*GV lm th nghim ca
benzen v toluen vi dung
dch KMnO4.HS nhn xt hin
tng v kt lun v kh nng
phn ng ca benzen v cc
ankylbenzen .
GV hng dn HS xc nh cc
sn phm phn ng vit v
cn bng phng trnh phn
ng .
Nhn xt v vit PTHH.

HS vit PTHH ca phn ng
t chy hidrocacbon thm
3. Cng c bi hc
- Nhc li cc kin thc c bn ca bi
4. Bi tp v nh : BT SGK + SBT trang :
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 51 : Mt s hidrocacbon thm khc

I - Mc tiu
1. V kin thc
HS bit :
Tnh cht ho hc ca stiren v naphtalen
HS hiu:
S khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca cc hidrocacbon ny vi benzen v
ankylbenzen
2.V k nng
Phn bit c benzen vi cc ng ng ca benzen vi cc hidrocacbon khc.
II - Chun b
GV: Stiren, naphtalen , H2SO4 c , HNO3 c , nc lnh , dung dch Br2 / CCl4 .
Dng c : a thu tinh , ng nghim , cp ng nghim .
HS: n li tnh cht ca Benzen v ankylbenzen
1. Kim tra:
- Hy nu tnh cht ho hc ca benzen v Toluen? Nu r nhng im ging v
khac nhau gia chng? Vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho?
2. Bi mi:
B. Mt vi hidrocacbon thm khc
Hot ng 1 I. Stiren
+Vit cng thc cu to ca 1.Cu to v tnh cht vt l
stiren C8H8 bit n c mt
vng benzen ? CH=CH2
+HS vit cng thc cu to Cu to :
ca stiren C8H8 .So snh cu -C vng benzen v nhnh cha 1 lin kt =
to ca stiren vi benzen v ging vi anken
anken. *Tnh cht vt l : SGK
2.Tnh cht ho hc
a.Tnh cht ca hidrocacbon khng no
*.Phn ng vi dung dch brom
+T cu to hy d on
CH =CH2 +Br2 CHBr-CH2Br
tnh cht ho hc ca stiren
? *.Phn ng vi hidro
+So snh kh nng tham gia
phn ng cng ca lin kt xt, t0
ngoi vng v lin kt CH = CH 2 +H2 CH2-CH3
trong vng ca stiren ?
* Phn ng vi dung dch KMnO 4 nhit th-
ng : ging anken
3C6H5CH=CH2+2KMnO4+4H2O 3C6H5CH(OH)-
CH2(OH) +2KOH+2MnO 2
*Phn ng trng hp
Gio n 11 c bn
Hot ng 2
+Stiren c tnh cht ho
hc no ging vi benzen? xt, p, t0
CH =CH2 CH - CH2
HS vit cc PTHH th hin
s ging nhau ? n
Hot ng 3
Gio vin cho hc sinh quan st n
naphtalen
(mu bng phin) polistiren
+HS nghin cu SGK
b. Tnh cht ca aren : tham gia phn ng th H
tm hiu tnh cht vt l
ca vng.
ca Naphtalen C10H8
II. Naphtalen C10H8
1. Cu to v tnh cht vt l
Gio vin nu CTPT vCTCT, cac
* Cu to : C 2 vng benzen gip nhau
k hiu v tr trn cng thc cu to
+Th nghim m phng

s thng hoa ca *Tnh cht vt l :
naphtalen - chat rn, mu trng, thng hoa tthng,mi c trng .
Hot ng 4 -khng tan trong nc,tan trong dung mi hu c .
+ Naphtalen C10H8 c cu +S thng hoa :
to ging benzen im 2.Tnh cht ho hc
no ?D on tnh cht ho a. Phn ng th :
hc ?
Br
HS tr li tnh cht ho hc
ca Naphtalen C10H8 v vit +Fe, t0
cc PTHH minh ho. +Br2 +HBr
NO2
H2SO4
c
+HNO3 +H2O
t0
Nhn xt : Phn ng u tin th nguyn t H C s

1
b . Phn ng cng
+2H2 , t0, xt
tetralin
+3H2 , t0, xt
decalin
Khng b oxi ho bi dung dch thuc tm (KMnO4) nhit
thng
Gio n 11 c bn
HS nghin cu SGK tm C. ng dng ca hidrocacbon thm.
hiu v ng dng ca
hidrocacbon thm. Cht do (polistiren)
Cao su (Buna-stiren)
T si (t capron)
Nitrobenzen (phm
nhum)
Anilin (dc phm
Phenol (thuc tr hi)
Toluen (SX thuc n
TNT)
Dung mi
3. Cng c:
Bi 1 Vit cng thc cu to cc cht sau:
a) o-clostiren , m-nitrostiren , p-flostiren.
b) - clonaphtalen , - metylnaphtalen , 2- nitronaphtalen , 1- flonaphtalen.
Bi 2 Dng mt thuc th, hay phn bit cc nhm cht sau:

a) Benzen , etylbenzen , stiren.
b) Stiren , phenylaxetilen
4. Bi tp v nh :
BT SGK + SBT trang :159, 160
Tiet 52 Bai 36 : LUYEN TAP HIDROCACBON

THM
I. MC TIU
1. V kin thc
Gio n 11 c bn
- Bit c nhng im ging nhau v khc nhau v tnh cht ho hc ca hdrocacbon thm vi
hidrocacbon no v hidrocacbon khng no.
2. V k nng
- Rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh ho hc th hin tnh cht ca cc hidrocacbon thm
II-CHUN B:
Gio vin: bng h thng kin thc cn nh v 3 loi hidrocacbon: hidrocacbon thm,
hidrocacbon no , hidrocacbon khng no.
III-THIT K HOT NG:
1-Kim tra bi c:
Kt hp trong qu trnh luyn tp
2. Bi mi

I. KIN THC CN NH
Hot ng 1
GV dn dt hc sinh n tp li cac kin thc
chnh ca chng. II. BI TP
Bi1: Cho cc cu sau:
Hot ng 2 a. Du m l hn hp cc hidrocacbon khc nhau.
Hng dn hc sinh lm cc bi tp b.Khi thin nhin v kh m du c thnh phn
chun b sn trong phiu hc cc cht tng t nhau, nhng khc nhau v hm
tp. lng ca tng cht.
Bi 1 : B c. Chng ct thng ch c th tch c du m
thnh cc phn on du m(la hon hp cc
hidrocacbon) c nhit si gn nhau
d. Chng ct thng c th tch c du m
thnh cc phn on cha cac hidrocacbon
ring bit.
Nhng cu sai l: A , B ,C hay D ?
A. a , b , c. B.d. C.a ,b , d D.b,d.
Bi 2: Du m khai thc thm lc a pha Nam
c c im l nhiu n-ankan mch di v hm
lng S rt thp. Cac nhn nh sau ng hay
Bi 2 : ap n: sai:
Cu sai: A , B , C A.D vn chuyn theo ng ng.
Cu ng: D B.Chng ct phn on s thu c xng
cht lng cao
C.Crackinh nhit s thu c xng cht
lng cao.
D.Lm nguyn liu cho crckinh, rifominh
tt v cha t lu hunh.
Bi 3:
Hy in nhng cm t thch hp vo cc
Bi 3:
ch trng trong cc cu sau:
ap n: lin kt ; tng i tr
a) Phan t hidrocacbon no ch c cc
hidrocacbon no, trung tm phn ng
halogen ho, nitroho, hn hp bn vng,v th chng
iu kin thng. Trong phn t
khng c c bit no, nen
khi tham gia phn ng th, ,
, th thng to ra sn
Gio n 11 c bn
phm
Bi 4: Bi 4: Hy vit phng trnh phn ng ca
Phn ng ca toluen: toluen v naphtalen ln lt vi Cl2, Br2,HNO3,
nu r k phn ng v qui tc chi phi hng ph
H2C - H CH2Cl -ng .
Phn ng ca Naphtalen:
+ Cl2 as + HCl Vi Br2 v HNO3
Br
Benzyl clorua
_Dng xc tc Fe, phn ng th vo vng benzen. CH3COOH
CH3 + Br2 (dm) + HBr
CH3 Br + HBr
NO2
+Br
2 (o -bromtoluen)
Fe CH3 + HNO3
H2SO4
+ H2O
+ HBr
.
Br
(p -bromtoluen)
_Vi HNO3: phn ng th xy ra tng t vi brm
v tr ortho, para Bi 5:
Hy dng phng php ho hc phn bit cc cht
Bi 5: trong mi nhm sau :
b- Dng dung dch KMnO4 (gio vin hng dn) a-Toluen,hept-en v heptan.
-Vinylbenzen v vinylaxetilen lm mt mu dd b-Etylbenzen , vinylbenzen vvinylaxetilen.
KMnO4 iu kin thng Gii
(hc sinh vit phng trnh phn ng gii thch) a- Dng dd KMnO4
-Etylbenzen khng lm mt mu dd KMnO4 -Hept-en lm mu dd KMnO4 k thng.
iu kin thng. -Toluen lm mt mu dd KMnO4 khi un nng.
Sau dng dung dch AgNO3 /NH3 , ch c -Heptan khng lm mt mu dd KMnO4.
vinylaxetilen to kt ta. (Hc sinh vit phng trnh gii thch)
(Hc sinh vit phng trnh gii thch)
3. Cng c
- Cng c bi bng bi tp s 4/162
4. Bi tp v nh
1==> 6/162
TIET 53 Bai 37: ngun hirocacbon thin nhin

I - Mc tiu
Gio n 11 c bn
1.V kin thc
HS bit :
Thnh phn tnh cht v tm quan trng ca du m, kh thin nhin v than
m.
Qu trnh chng ct du m, ch ho du m, chng kh than m.
HS hiu:
Tm quan trng ca lc ho du i vi nn kinh t.
2.V k nng
Phn tch, khi qut ho ni dung kin thc trong SGK thnh nhng kt lun
khoa hc.
II - Chun b
Mu du m v mt s sn phm i t du m.
1. Kim tra : Khng
2. Bi mi

I - du m
- Du m l mt hn hp lng, snh, mu
sm, c mi c trng, nh hn nc v
Hot ng 1 khng tan trong nc.
HS quan st mu du m, QS TN - Du m nm trong cc ti du trong lng
ho tan du m trong nc. t: 3 lp
HS nhn xt v trng thi, mu sc, 1. Thnh phn
mi t khi, tnh tan trong nc ca Nhm ankan t C 1 n C50
du m. Nhm xicloankan
Hot ng 2 Nhm hidrocacbon thm
HS nghin cu SGK tm tt thnh Ngoi ra cn c: Cht hu c cha Oxi,
phn ho hc ca du m di dng Nit, Lu hunh (lng nh), Cht v c ( rt
s t)
2. Khai thc
- Khai thc du t cc l khoan gi l ging
du
3. Ch bin
Du th x l s b chng ct phn
on crackinh, rifominh... sn phm
Hot ng 3 a. Chng ct
HS nghin cu hnh 7.5 trong SGK - Chng ct di p sut thng trong cc thp
bit v sn phm ca qu chng ct lin tc (Chng ct phn on) da
trnh chng ct du m p sut th- vo nhit si khc nhau.
ngv nhn xt sn phm ca phn b. Ch bin ho hc
ng theo nhit . Mc ch: lm tng gi tr s dng ca
HS tm hiu SGK rt ra sn du m
phm.HS lin h sn phm vi ng - Crckinh: b gy cc hidrocacbon mch di
dng ca n. thnh cc hidrocacbon mch ngn hn nh
GV nu mc ch ca vic ch ho nhit v xc tc.
du m. - Rifominh: l qu trnh dng xc tc v
nhit bin i cu trc ca H,C t khng
Hot ng 4 phn nhnh thnh phn nhnh, t khng
GV nu th d bng phng trnh thm thnh thm.
phn ng, HS nhn xt rt ra khi 4. ng dng
nim v ni dung. lm nhin liu
Gio n 11 c bn
nguyn liu cho sn xut ho hc
ii. Kh thin nhin v kh m du
1. Thnh phn
a. Kh thin nhin : c nhiu trong cc m
Hot ng 5 kh
Cho hc sinh c sch gio khoa, - Thnh phn ch yu ca kh thin nhin :
nghin cu v kh thin nhin, kh CH4 ( c th ti 95% ), etan , propan, nit ,
m du v than m. heli
GV chnh xc ho, tm tt ni dung b. Kh m du : c trong cc m du, cha
cho hc sinh ghi. 50 70% th tch kh metan.
2. ng dng : Nhin liu , nguyn liu
trong tng hp hu c
iii. than m
1. Than m:
- Than m l phn cn li ca thc vt
c i b bin ho. C 2 loi
chnh: than gy, than nu v quan
H. Hot ng 6. Cng c..
Kh thin nhin l g ? Kh m du trng nht l than m
l g ? Kh l cc l g ? So snh - Nung than m nhit cao khng c
thnh phn ca cc kh ? Cc ph- khng kh thu c than cc .
ng php ch bin du m . 2. Kh l cc :
Bi tp v nh. : 1-4/169 - Ch yu H2 : 60% , metan : 25% ; CO ; CO 2
; N2
3. Nha than :
- Cha nhiu hidrocacbon thm v phenol
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 54: Bi 38: H thng ho v hidrocacbon
i. Mc tiu
1. V kin thc
- Nm c c im cu to v tnh cht ho hc c trng ca cc
loi hidrocacbon mt cch c h thng .
2. V k nng
- Tip tc rn luyn k nng vit phng trnh phn ng minh ho tnh
cht ca cc hidrocacbon
ii. Chun b
- Hc sinh Chun b bng h thng ho kin thc
iii. tin trnh bi ging
I. 1. Kim tra
- K tn, nu nh ngha , chop v d cc loi hidrocacbon hc .
J. 2 . Bi mi .
i. h thng ho v hidrocacbon
1. cc loi hidrocacbon
VIII. Hot ng 1 a. Hidrocacbon mch h :
+K tn v vit CTTQ ca cc loi *Hidrocacbon no : Ankan CnH2n+2 vi n
hidrocacbon hc ? 1.
+c im cu to v tnh cht ho hc *Hidrocacbon khng no
c trng ca tng loi hidrocacbon ? +Anken : CnH2n vi n 2.
+Ankin : CnH2n-2 vi n 2.
+Ankadien : CnH2n-2 vi n 3.
b. Hidrocacbon mch vng
+Hidrocacbon vng no :
Xicloankan CnH2n vi n 3.
+Hidrocacbon thm :
Aren CnH2n-6 vi n 6.
2 . Tnh cht ho hc ca
hidrocacbon
Hot ng 2
K. a. Phn ng th
+Phn ng th l g ?
* Ankan d tham gia phn ng th
+Nhng loi hidrocacbon no c th
halogen khi c chiu sng
tham gia phn ng th ?
+Phn ng th ankan v ankin , aren CH4 CH3Cl CH2Cl2
c g ging v khc nhau ?
CHCl 3
CCl 4
* Ankin c H nguyn t C mang lin kt
bng nguyn t kim loi
HC CH + AgNO3 + NH3 Ag C C
+Phn ng cng ca cc hidrocacbon Ag + NH4NO3
khng no ? * Aren
+ D th H trong vng benzen bng
halogen , nhm nitro - NO2 .. khi c xc
tc :
C6H6 + Br2 Fe, to C6H5Br + HBr
+ Khi c chiu sng th H nhnh
bng halogen
C6H5- CH3 +Br2 C6H5 CH2-Br + HBr
( askt ).
Gio n 11 c bn
b. Phn ng cng
*Anken , ankin , ankadien . . tham gia
phn ng cng hidro , halogen , nc , axit

*Aren cng hidro kh hn anken

C6H6 +3H2 C6H12 ( Ni ; t0 ).
*Ankan khng tham gia phn ng cng

c. Phn ng trng hp
n CH2 = CH2 - CH2 - CH2 -n
d. Phn ng oxi ho
+ Tt c hidrocacbon u chy to
thnh CO2 v to nhiu nhit
+ Oxi ho khng hon ton to ra cc
sn phm khc nhau tu iu kin
phn ng.
Gio n 11 c bn
ii. s chuyn ho
L. III. Cng c..
gia cc loi Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ng phn c cng
hidrocabon thc phn t C4H10 , C4H8 , C4H6 .
IV.Bi tp v nh.
Gio n 11 c bn
Chng 8
IX. DN XUT HALOGEN ANCOL - PHENOL
Tit 55
Bi 39: DN XUT HALOGEN CA HIROCACBON
I. Mc tiu
1. V kin thc
- Hc sinh bit khi nim phn loi dn xut halogen ca hidrocacbon
- Bit tnh cht ho hc c trng v ng dng ca 1 s dn xut halogen
2. V k nng
- Rn luyn cho hc sinh k nng vit phng trnh phn ng hu c
- K nng xc nh bc C
II. Chun b :
+ Gv cho Hs n li kin thc v bc cacbon, ng phn cu to, qui tc gi tn gc - chc, qui
tc gi tn thay th.
+ Phng to bng 9.1 SGK treo tng.
+ Chun b th nghim.
CH3 - CH2Br + KOH ancol, ,t0 CH2 = CH2 + KBr + H2O
III. T chc hot ng dy hc :

1. Kim tra : Khng
2. Bi mi:

I. nh ngha, phn loi, ng phn v danh php:
Hot ng 1: Gv: hy nu s khc nhau 1. nh ngha :
gia cng thc cht (a) v cht (b) - Khi thay th mt hay nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn
H H t hirocacbon bng cc nguyn t halogen ta c dn
xut halogen ca hirocacbon, thng gi tt l dn xut
H - C -H H -C -F ca halogen.
- V d: CH4 CH3Cl
H Cl
(a) (b)
Gv nu nh ngha: Khi thay th mt hay
nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t
hirocacbon bng cc nguyn t halogen ta
c dn xut halogen ca hirocacbon, 2. Phn loi :
thng gi tt l dn xut ca halogen. - Ta c th coi phn t dn xut halogen gm hai phn :
Hot ng 2: Gc hirocacbon Halogen
Da vo s thay i ca gc hirocacbon ( c th no, khng no, thm C th l F,Cl,Br,I
v halogen trong phn t ta c th phn loi
sau , Gv h/dn Hs c SGK - Dn xut halogen no, mch h: CH3Cl (metyl clorua),
Gv : Ngi ta cn phn loi CH2Cl- CH2Cl (1,2-dicloetan), ...
theo bc ca dn xut - Dn xut halogen khng no, mch h: CH2=CH-Cl
halogen. (vinyl clorua),
- Em hy cho bit bc ca nguyn t cacbon - Dn xut halogen thm: C6H5Br (phenyl bromua),
trong hp cht hu c c xc nh nh th CH3C6H4Br (Bromtoluen)
no?
- Bit rng bc ca dn xut halogen bng * Bc ca dn xut halogen bng bc ca nguyn t
bc ca nguyn t cacbon lin kt vi nguyn cacbon lin kt vi nguyn t halogen
t halogen. hy gii thch ti sao cc dn xut VD : Sch gio khoa
Gio n 11 c bn
halogen li c bc c ghi ch nh th d II. Tnh cht vt l :
trong SGK - iu kin thng cc dx monohalogen c PTK nh
th kh, c PTK ln hn th lng, PTK ln hn na
th rn.
Hot ng 3 - Hu nh khng tan trong nc, tan tt trong dm khng
Hs t nghin cu sch gio khoa a ra tnh phn cc nh hidrocacbon, ete
cht vt l ca dn xut halogen - Nhiu dx halogen c hot tnh sinh hc cao.
III. Tnh cht ho hc :
Do c im cu to phn t m phn t dn xut halogen

c th tham gia phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng
nhm - OH, phn ng tch hiro halogenua v phn ng
Hot ng 4: vi Mg.
Gv thng bo cho Hs bit v c im cu
to t Hs c th vn dng suy ra tnh
cht :
C - C X
m in ca halogen ni chung u ln
hn ca cacbon. V th lin kt cacbon vi 1. Phn ng th nguyn t halogen bng nhm -OH:
halogen l lin kt phn cc, halogen mang Th nghim: SGK
mt phn in tch m cn cacbon mang mt Phng trnh phn ng:
phn in tch dng. * Dn xut ankyl halogenua
Hot ng 5 o
RX + OH -
t ROH
X
GV hdn Hs c cch tin hnh v kt qu
VD:
th nghim bng 9.1 SGK tr li cu o
hi : CH 3CH 2CH 2Cl + OH -

t CH 3CH 2CH 2OH Cl
- Du hiu c AgCl kt ta ni ln iu g ? * Dn xut anlyl halogenua
- Hy nu iu kin c th mi cht sau o
RCH=CHCH 2 -X + H 2O t RCH=CHCH 2 -OH HX
thc hin c phn ng th Cl bng nhm -
OH. * Phenyl halogenua: phn ng vi NaOH nhit cao,
CH3CH2CH2-Cl ( Propyl clorua) p sut cao
VD:
o
CH2=CH-CH2-Cl (anlyl clorua) Cl + 2NaOH
300 C / 200 atm
ONa + NaCl + H2O
C6H5Cl ( clobenzen
2. Phn ng tch hiro halogenua
Hot ng 6: Th nghim
Treo hnh 9.1 SGK ln bng, m t th Phng trnh phn ng
o
nghim v gii thch . HCH2-CH2Br + KOH ancol ,t CH2=CH2 + KBr +H2O
Gv thng bo s lc v c ch phn ng I II o CH 3-CH=CH-CH3
KOH, ancol, t sa
n pha
m chnh
th nguyn t halogen. CH2-CH-CH-CH3 +HBr
H Br H CH2=CH-CH2-CH3
sa
n pha
m phu
IV. NG DNG
- Dng lm dung mi
Hot ng 7: - Dng lm nguyn liu cho tng hp hu c
Hng dn Hs c SGK ri tng kt. - Dng lm cht gy m, thuc tr su, thuc dit c, kch
thch sinh trng thc vt
3. Cng c: - H thng li cc tnh cht ha hc ca dn xut halogen.
- Cch vit ng phn, cch gi tn.
4. Bi tp v nh: - Lm ht cc bi tp trong SGK trang 177.
Gio n 11 c bn
Tit 56-57 Bi 40: ANCOL

I. Mc tiu
1. V kin thc
- Nm c khi nim nhm chc,hp cht n chc,cc loi nhm chc.
- Nm c nh ngha , ng ng ,ng phn ,danh php,bc r-
u ,tnh cht ho hc ca ru,nm v vn dng qui tc Zaixep trong
phn ng tch, gii nhit si ca ru cao hn hidrocacbon tng
ng, cc phng php iu ch ru no n chc.
2. V k nng
- Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn CnH2n+2O
- Gii bi tp tm cng thc phn t phn bit v tch cht
ii. chun b
- Ho cht : ru etylic,Na . . .
- Dng c :ng nghim, kp,n cn. . .
III. Tin trnh dy hc
1. Kim tra: Gi 2 hc sinh ln bng
a. Vit phng trnh iu ch cc polime sau: PVC, cao su clopren, benzyl
bromua
b. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau:
2-metyl but-1-en + HCl
3-clo-2-metyl pentan + dd KOH, ancol, to
phenylclorua + NaOH
2. Bi mi:

Hot ng 1: Nhm chc:
+Tc dng ca ru etylic v axit axetic vi

Na?
+Tc dng ca axit axetic vi qu tm ?
+S nhm chc?
A. .nhm chc
*Nhm chc l nhm nguyn t gy ra nhng phn
ng c trng cho phn t hp cht hu c.
- Nhm chc ru OH.
-Nhm chc axit COOH
-Nhm chc andehit CHO.
-Nhm amino NH2
-Nhm chc este COO-
*Hp cht n chc: l nhng hp cht hu c m
phn t ch c 1 nhm chc
Gio n 11 c bn
B . dy ng ng ru etylic
1.ng ng ng phn danh php
*nh ngha : Ru no n chc l nhng
hp cht hu c m phn t c 1 nhm
-OH lin kt vi gc hidrocacbon no
*CTTQ : CnH2n+1OH vi n 1
*ng phn : +Mch C
+V tr OH
(+ng phn chc vi ete)
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3
HS tr li, gv vo bi (CH3)2CH-CH2-OH (CH3)3C-OH
mi. *Danh php thng : Ru tn gc hidrocacbon no tng
ng +ic
CH3OH ru metylic C2H5OH ru etylic
*Danh php quc t : Tn hidrocacbon no tng
ng + ol
+chn mch di nht c -OH lm mch chnh.
+nh s nguyn t C trong mch chnh t pha
gn - OH nht.
Hot ng 2: ng +Gi tn:
ng - ng phn v tr nhnh -tn nhnh, tn hidrocacbon mch
danh php: chnh+ol-v tr -OH
+ T kn ng ng CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH butanol 1( ru n-butylic)
hy nh ngha ru CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 butanol 2( ru sec-butylic)
no n chc l g? (CH3)2CH-CH2-OH 2-metylpropanol 1(ru
+So snh c im isobutylic)
cu to ca CH3OH, (CH3)3C-OH 2-metylpropanol 2(ru tert
C2H5OH . . . ? butylic)
+S nhm chc? *Bc ca ru l bc ca C lin kt vi nhm OH (bc
+Ru no n chc l ca C bng s nguyn t C khc lin kt vi n)
g? CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH bc I CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 bc II
+Cng thc tng (CH3)2CH-CH2-OH bc I (CH 3)3C-OH bc
qut? III
+Cc ng phn ca 2 .Tnh cht vt l : CnH2n+1OH
ru no n chc? M. *Trng thi : n : 1-12 : lng
*Ts : tng dn khi tng mch C v cao hn nhiu so vi
ankan tng ng v gia cc phn t ru c lin kt
hidro
. . . O H . . . O H . . . O H . . .

R R R
+Cch gi tn thng ? *Lin kt hidro : l lin kt c to thnh bi lc ht
Tn quc t ? tnh in tri du gia nguyn t H mang in dng
v nguyn t O mang in m.
*Tnh tan trong nc : Cc ru u nh hn nc, tan
gim nhanh khi tng mch C: 3 cht u dy tan v
hn .
3 .Tnh cht ho hc
R O H
*Cu to : Lin kt O H v lin kt C O b phn cc
Ch : v pha O do lin kt O H v lin kt C O c th
+Bc ca C?Bc ca b t
Gio n 11 c bn
ru? a). Phn ng vi kim loi kim gii phng kh hidro
Hot ng 3: Tnh 2CH3OH+2Na2CH3ONa+H2
cht vt l: 2ROH+2K2ROK+H2
+Bn cht cc lin b).Tc dng vi axit
kt trong phn t r- * Vi HCl,HBr . . .
u? CH3OH+HCl CH3Cl+H2O (t0)
+Lin kt hidro l *Vi axit axetic : CH3COOH
g ? C2H5OH+CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5+H2O ( H2SO4 c
+Tnh tan trong nc?
t01700C)
c).Phn ng tch nc
*Tch nc ni phn t ( tch H v -OH 2 C lin nhau )
to anken
C2H5OHCH2=CH2+H2O (H2SO4 c 1700C)
CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 CH3-CH=CH-CH3+H2O ( H2SO4 c
t01700C)
sn phm chnh
CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH=CH2+H2O ( H2SO4
Hot ng 4: Tnh c t01700C)
cht ho hc: sn phm ph
*Qui tc Zaixep : Trong phn ng tch HX nhm
+c im cu X u tin tch cng nguyn t H nguyn t C bc
to ?c im cc cao hn
lin kt ?S phn cc *Tch nc t 2 phn t ru : phn ng to ete.
ca cc lin kt ? C2H5OH+ C2H5OHC2H5OC2H5+H2O ( H2SO4 c
+So snh mc t01400C)
phn cc ca lin kt CH3OH+CH3OHCH3OCH3+H2O ( H2SO4 c t01400C)
C-H v O-H? d) . Phn ng oxi ho :
+Ngi ta bo qun Na *Ru bc I b oxi ho bng CuO, dd KMnO4 to andehit
trong du ho ti sao? RCH2OH+CuO RCHO+Cu+H2O ( t0)
Na c phn ng phn *Ru bc II b oxi ho bng CuO, dd KMnO4 to xeton
ct lin kt C-H hay R-CHOH-R/+CuO RCOR/+Cu+H2O ( t0)
khng? *Ru bc III tng i bn nu oxi ho mnh b t
mch.
*oxi ho hon ton : to thnh CO2 v nc
CnH2n+1OH+1,5nO2nCO2+(n+1)H2O +Q
4. ng dng v iu ch
a).ng dng
*Ru metylic
+Phn ng tch nc ? *Ru etylic: sn xut axit axetic,ete,este,dng lm dung
+Qui tc tch mi,nhin liu ,sn xut cao su butadien
Zaixep?
2C2H5OHCH2=CH-CH=CH2+2H2O+H2 (MgO,ZnO,t0)
b).iu ch
*Hidrat ho anken
CnH2n+H2O CnH2n+1OH (H+,t0).
CH2=CH2+H2OC2H5OH (H+,t0).
*Thu phn dn xut halogen trong dung dch kim
C2H5Cl+KOHC2H5OH+KCl
*Phng php sinh ho iu ch ru etylic : t g ,tinh
bt : (C6H10O5)n
(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6 (H+,t0 hoc men).
C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 ( men ru)
Gio n 11 c bn
N. III. Cng c..T CaCO3 v cc cht v c khc hy
vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch ru etylic.
+Nhn xt trng thi IV.Bi tp v nh. : 4,5,6
mu sc ca cc cht
?
+ Cho hi ru etylic
qua CuO nung nng ?
Hin tng ?
+Cho ru etylic vo
dd KMnO4? +Hin t-
ng?
+Phn ng oxi ho r-
u?sn phm ca
phn ng?
Hot ng 5: ng
dng v iu ch:
+Cc phng php

iu ch ru no n
chc ?
Hot ng 6: Cng
c:
Tit 58 Bi 55: PHENOL
I/ Mc tiu
1. Kin thc:
- Hc sinh bit tnh cht vt l, ng dng ca phenol.
- Hc sinh hiu nh ngha, nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t trong phn t, tnh cht
ho hc, iu ch phenol.
2. K nng:
- Hc sinh vn dng: gip hc sinh rn luyn c k nng: phn bit phenol v ru thm, vn
dng cc tnh cht ho hc ca phenol gii bi tp.
II/ Chun b:
1. dng dy hc:
- M hnh lp ghp minh ha phenol, ancol thm.
- Th nghim C6H5OH tan trong dung dch NaOH.
- Th nghim dung dch C6H5OH tc dng vi dd Br2
- Photcopy bng nhit nng chy, nhit si, tan ca 1 s phenol
2. Phng php: m thoi nu vn
III/ Tin trnh ging dy:
1. On nh lp (2p)
2. Kim tra bi c:
Cu hi: Trnh by tnh cht ho hc ca ancol, vit pt minh ho.
3. Tin trnh:
V:
Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Ni dung c bn
Gio n 11 c bn
1. H1: I/ nh ngha, phn loi v tnh cht vt l
- So snh CTPT cc cng thc trong v d bn? 1. nh ngha:
- Cht (B) c nhm OH nh vo mch nhnh ca VD:
vng thm. HO OH
CH2 OH
- Gio vin dn dt hc sinh n nh ngha sch CH3

gio khoa v yu cu mt hc sinh nu nh ngha
- Gio vin ch : Phnol cng l tn ring ca
mt cht (A) . l cht phnol n gin nht tiu
biu cho cc phenol. (A) (B) (C)
2.H 2:Gio vin hng dn hc sinh c sch
gio khoa n: phenol l hp cht hu c m phn t ca chng
- Nhc li lu phnol l phn t c nhm OH c nhm hiroxyl (-OH) lin kt trc tip vi
lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen,ng thi hng nguyn t C ca vng benzen
dn c tn
2.
- Gio vin cho v d ,yu cu hc sinh c tn cc Phn loi:
hp cht trong v d 1 nhm OH: monophenol
- Gio vin gii thiu tn hp cht trong v d 2 Vd1:
,yu cu hc sinh cho thm v d HO HO
HO
CH3
CH3 CH3
m- Crezol o- Crezol p- Crezol
Nhiu nhm OH: poliphenol

3.H 3 : Vd2:
OH
- Cho hc sinh quan st dung dch phnol trong OH
ng nghim v a ra nhn xt tnh cht vt l ca OH OH
phnol OH
HO OH
- Gio vin treo bng s liu ln v hi :

Ts(C6H5OH) vi Ts(C2H5OH) ? OH OH
T d on kh nng lin kt hydro lin kt Rezoxinol Catchol Hidroquinon Progalol
phn t ca C2H5OH?
4 .H 4: gio vin lm th nghim v dy hc nu3. Tnh cht vt l
vn . Phenol C6H5OH l cht rn khng mu, t tan
-Th nghim 1 : trong nc lnh, tan v hn 66oC, tan tt trong
+) Gio vin gip hc sinh pht hin vn .Cho etanlol, ete v axeton. Phenol d chy ra, thm
phenol rn vo ng nghim A ng nc v ng mu.
nghim B ng dung dch NaOH .Quan st Phenol c, gy phng cho da
+) Gio vin gip hc sinh dt vn : ti sao Phenol c lin kt hir lin phn t
trong ng nghim A cn ht rn phnol khng tan,
cn trong B thi phnol th tan ht. O H O H
+) Gio vin gip hc sinh gii quyt vn . Cn
c vo cu to ta thy phnol th hin tnh axit nn
tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to Natri phenolat
tan trong nc .Cn ng A cn cht rn l do
phenol tan t trong nc nhit thng
+) Gio vin t vn tip: tnh axit ca phenol II/ Tnh cht ho hc:
mnh ti mc no? tr li cu hi ny th ta
1. Tnh cht axit: yu khng lm i mu
lm th nghim sau
qu tm
-Th nghim 2: sc kh CO2 vo dung dch Natri
phenolat ng trong ng nghim C, quan st? Gii Phn ng vi kim loi kim (Na,K)
thch ti sao phenol tch ra lm vn c dung dch? C6H5OH +Na C6H5ONa+1/2H2
5. H5 : Phn ng vi dung dch baz:
Gio n 11 c bn
- Gio vin gip hc sinh pht hin vn : da C6H5OH +NaOH C6H5ONa +H2O
vo cu to ta thy mt electron vng benzen Tnh axit: ancol<phenol<H2CO3 :
tng ln (nh lin hp electron) lm cho phn ng C6H5ONa +CO2 +H2O C6H5OH +NaHCO3
th sy ra d dn hn v u tin th vo v tr o, p.
Gio vin gip hc sinh t vn : ti sao c vn2. Phn ng th vng thm
trn. Mun vy phi so snh cng mt phn ng a. Vi dung dch brom
thc hin cng iu kin i vi phenol v bezen OH
- Gio vin gip hc sinh gii quyt vn HO

Br Br
Th nghim 3: nh nc Br2 vo dung dch phenol

ng nghim 1 va bezen ng nghim 2, quan
st?
6 .H 6: Gio vin phn tch cc hiu ng trong + 3Br2 (dd) Br +3HBr
phn t phenol. Trng
7 .H 7 : (phn ng ny dng nhn bit phenol)
- Gio vin thuyt trnh v phng php ,ch yu b. P nitro ha:
iu ch phenol trong cng nghip ,hin nay l sn OH OH
xut ng thi phenol v aceton theo s phn O2 N NO2
H2SO4
ng 3 HNO 3 3 H2O
- Ngoi ra phenol cn c tch t nha than
(sn ph ca qu trnh luyn than cc)
NO2
2,4,6- trinitro phenol (axit picric)
3. nh hng qua li gia cc nhm nguyn t

trong phn t phenol.
H
a) nh hng ca gc phenyl ln nhm OH : gc

_C6H5 ht e lm cho lin kt O H b phn cc
H linh ng hn H ca OH trong ancol phenol
c tnh axit yu ( yu hn H2CO3 )
b)nh hng ca nhm OH ln gc phenyl: Nhm
OH y e lm tng mt e v tr 2,4,6 P th
vo v tr o- , p-
III .iu ch v ng dng :
1. iu ch
HO O CH(CH3)2
CH(CH3)2
C 3 H 6 O 2 ( KK
)
H3C C CH3
Gio n 11 c bn
HO
+
H3C C CH3
2. ng dng:
- Sn xut nha phenol fomanehit
- Sn xut dc phm, phm nhum, thuc n, cht
kch thch tng trng, cht dit c, dit nm mc
4. Cng c:
5. Dn d v ra bi tp v nh

2.nhom HH TRG NGT Ga11cb

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2.nhom HH TRG NGT Ga11cb

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Gio n 11 c bn

Trng THPT Nguyn Gia Thiu

Hot ng 2 : -Trong BTH :

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung ghi bng

Cu 1: Trng hp no sau y khng dn in c

Cu 2: Mt hc sinh ho tan natri oxit vo nc v lm th nghim thy dung dch

Cu 3: Lp li th nghim ca bi vi dung dch Ba(OH)2. Quan st th nghim

V.BTVN. 1 -> 5 SGK, 1.1 -> 1.6 SBT

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung ghi bng

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung ghi bng

Tit 8. Bi 5: LUYN TP:AXIT BAZ - MUI

Hot ng ca gio vin Hoat ng ca hc sinh

-Gv cho hc sinh hot ng theo nhm: Bi 1:

Tiet 11. Bi 7 : NIT

Tiet12. Bai 8: AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

- Gv bo sung : I . TNH CHAT VAT LY :

Gv thong bao cho hoc sinh biet V du :

4.BTVN: SGK .SBT

Tiet 13 Bai 8: AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

proton cho ion OH- nen NH4+ la

- GV hng dan th nghiem:

mieng ong nghiem .

Nhan xet : muoi NH4Cl thang

GV phan tch va Ket luan

Tiet 14 Bai 9 : AXIT NITRIC VA MUOI NITRAT

B. Hot ng ca gio vin v hc sinh Ni dung bi hc

Cu 3: Hon thnh chui phn ng:

Hoat ong cua thay va tro Noi dung ghi bang

2 Nhan biet ion photphat :

3.Cung co : Cho hoc sinh lam mot so bai tap :

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

GV:- Phan K can thiet cho cay

I. KIN THC CN NH:

Lp phng trnh phn ng di dng ion v phn t: (NH4)3PO4 t H3PO4 + 3NH3

4. BTVN: 7, 8, 9 cc bi tp trong sch gio khoa, sch bi tp

I MUC TIEU CUA CHNG :

I TNH CHAT VAT LY :

4Al +3C Al4 C 3

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

Tiet 25. Bai 17: SILIC VA HP CHAT CUA SILIC

hien tnh kh , tnh oxi hoa .

Hng dan HS viet phng * Trong cong nghiep :

II HP CHAT CUA SILIC :

hoa hoc g ? viet phng trnh SiO2 + Na2CO3 t Na2SiO3 + H2O.

phan ng chng minh? -Tan trong axit flohiric:

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

Hoat ong 1 : HS he thong kien thc theo bang co san :

Neu tnh chat cua : Cacbon Silic

Muoi Cacbonat Silicat :

Hoat ong cua thay va tro Noi dung ghi bang

TIET 28 Bai 20:

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

- Da vao cac v du cho Hs II. PHAN LOAI HP CHAT

nghien cu sach giao (NH4)2SO4 +2NaOH Na2SO4 +2H2O

Hoat ong cua thay, tro Noi dung

Ket qua Cong CxHyOzNt =( CpHqOrNs)n

4. Bai tap ve nha:

Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung ghi bng

- Gv viet mot so phan ng , thong

thnh 1 cht sn phm

- du hiu: 1 cht phn ng to ra nhiu CH3