Thuat Ngu Phap Ly Anh Viet

THUT NG PHP L
A
Abandon B l, b ph, b ri, phng kh (hng ho, tu b), ph
nhng (ti sn).
Abandon one`s domicile B c s
Abandon a post o nhim
Abandon a prossecution, an action Hu tng, thi truy t, thi kin
Abandonment of a request Rt n thnh cu, n xin
Abdicate a right/an office Phao khc, thoi khc quyn li, chc v
Abduct a minor D d v thnh nin
Abduction by force, menace or fraud Bt cc
Abduction by consent D d
Abductor One, such as a kidnapper, that abducts.
K bt cc, k d d
Abet To urge, encourage, or help (a person): abetted the thief in robbing the bank.
ng lo , xi dc
Abeyance The condition of being temporarily set aside; suspension. A condition of undetermined
ownership, as of an estate that has not yet been assigned.
S nh ch (o lut), trin hon, s khng quyt (mt chc v)
Abeyance, Law in o lut khng em thi hnh
Abeyance, Land in t v tha nhn
Abeyance, Estate in Di sn v tha nhn
Ability The quality of being able to do something; the physical, mental, financial, or legal power
to perform.
Nng lc (v php lut)
Ability to inherit Nng lc tha k
Ability to devise property Nng lc di tng ti sn
Ability to make a will Nng lc lp chc th
Abode A dwelling place; a home.The act of abiding; a sojourn.
Ni c tr, c s
Abode, Place of C s
Abode, Make one`s ..at Tuyn nh c s ti
Abode, Of /With no fixed Khng c c s nht nh, v gia c
Abortive trial Phin ta nh hon v khim khuyt v th tc.
Abrogate To abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority.
Bi b, ph ch(mt o lut), bi tr
Absence The state of being away. The time during which one is away.Lack; want: an absence of
leadership.
Khuyt tch, vng mt; thiu
Absence, Sentenced in his/her B x khuyt tch
Absence, Sentence in n khuyt tch
Absence with leave Ngh c php
Absence without leave AWOL
Ngh khng php
Absentee One that is absent.adjective Of or relating to one that is absent. Not in residence:
absentee landlords.
Ngi vng mt; bt ti
Absentee landlord in ch bt ti
Absolute Tuyt i; chuyn ch
Absolute, Decree n vn chung thm
Absolute liability Trch nhim tuyt i
Absolute necessity, Case of Trng hp bt kh khng
NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 1
THUT NG PHP L
Absolute monarchy Qun ch chuyn ch

Absolute right Quyn bt kh bc khc
Absolute veto Quyn ph quyt tuyt i
Absolve To pronounce clear of guilt or blame. To relieve of a requirement or an obligation.
X min , gii ti min ti, min tr
Absolve oneself from further liability T gii tr mi trch nhim v sau
Absolution The formal remission of sin imparted by a priest, as in the sacrament of penance.
S gii ti
Absolution of the dead X ti vong nhn
Abstract A statement summarizing the important points of a text.
Bn sao lc; trch lc
Abuse of confidence Bi tn, lng gt
Abuse of discretion Vit quyn
Abuse of law Lm dng php lut
Abuse of process Lm dng t tng
Abuse of trust Nch chc; khng tn chc
Abutting parts of an estate T ch ca mt bt ng sn
Acceptance of a judgment Thun tun mt phn quyt
Acceptance, Tacit S tha nhn mc th
Acceptance without liability beyond the assets descended
Th nhn vi bit li ton k
Accessory Assistant in a crime
Tng phm
Accessory after the fact Tng phm ph tr, tng phm h lc
Accessory before the fact One who procures, counsels or commands the deed perpetrated, but who is not actively
present at such perpetration
Tng phm xi gic, tng phm ch mu
Accessory matters, Decision on the main issue applies to
Ph tng chnh
Accomplice K tng phm; ngi ng la
Accusation Formal written charge
Khi t lnh trng.
Accuse Co gic; co buc
Accused Defendant
B co, b can
Acquest Ca lm ra (khng do tha k)
Acquit Tha bng
Acquittal S tha bng
Acquitted on appeal, c tha bng ti ta thng thm
Action A judicial proceeding whose purpose is to obtain relief at the hands of a court.
S tha kin, vic t tng; t quyn
Action at law, Personal T quyn i nhn
Action barred by the statute of limitation
T quyn b thi tiu
Action for libel T quyn ph bng
Action for payment T quyn hon tri
Action for an account T quyn khai trnh k ton
Action in expropriation of real property
T quyn trut hu
Action in aid of attachment T quyn xin sai p
Action in personam An action against the personam founded on personal liability, in contrast to action in
rem, an action for the recovery of a specific object, usually an item of personal property

THUT NG PHP L
uch as an automobile.
Kin chng li ngi, truy cu trch nhim c nhn
Action in rem Kin ly li vt
Action for acknowledgment of debt T quyn tuyn nhn tri khon
Action for damages T quyn i bi thng thit hi
Action for ejectment T quyn phc hi ti sn b chim
Action for disturbance of possession T quyn ngng ch ph ri s chp hu
Action of detinue T quyn hon phc, hi nguyn ng sn
Action to dispute a legal status T quyn d ngh thn trng
Action for infringement of patent T quyn ngy to, gi mo
Action for forfeiture of patent T quyn v s tht hiu ca bng sng ch
Action for disapproval T quyn ph nhn ph h
Action for repudiation T quyn khc t ph h
Action for specific performance T quyn i thi hnh hp ng
Action for discharge of debt T quyn thanh tri
Action for liquidation of the company`s assets
T quyn thanh ton tch sn cng ty
Action for legitimate child to claim his status
T quyn khiu ni v thn trng
Action for distribution T quyn phn sn
Action for rectifying civil status T quyn xin ci chnh h tch
Action for recovery of payment made by mistake
T quyn truy hon bt ng tri
Action for restitution T quyn hon phc
Action for rehabilitation T quyn hi nguyn
Action for recovery of property T quyn sch hon
Action for declaration title to land T quyn sch hon bt ng sn
Action for separate maintenance T quyn bit sn
Action for separation of estate T quyn bit sn
Action for separation of bed and board
T quyn bit c, ly thn
Action of bastard for affiliationT quyn su tm ph h
Action of covenant T quyn thng tn v khng thi hnh kh c.
Action , Civil Quyn t t
Action , Criminal T quyn hnh s
Action , Direct T quyn trc tip. chnh din
Action , Mixed T quyn hn hp
Action, Petitory T quyn s hu
Action, Possessory T quyn chp hu
Action, Real T quyn i vt
Action, Rescissory T quyn thit tiu
Action, Resolutory T quyn gii tiu
Action, Revocatory T quyn trut bi
Action, Right of Quyn t tng
Action, Vicarious liability T quyn tuyn nh trch nhim
ADA Assistant District Attorney
Ph Bin L
Ad interim Tm thi, quyn nhip
Ad interim, Judgment n vn tm thi
Ad interim, Duties Nhim v quyn nhip
Adjective law o lut ph (Law adjective)
Adjudicate Phn x
THUT NG PHP L
Adjudication Deciding case through judicial or administrative hearing

S phn x
Adjudge Xt x; tuyn n
Adjudicate Xt x; tuyn n
Adjudicative judgment n tuyn nhn
Adjudicator Quan ta
Adjuster Ngi ha gii; ngi dn xp (bi thng bo him)
Administrative Law Lut hnh chnh
Administrative court Ta n Hnh chnh
Administrator Ngi qun l ti sn(cho v thnh nin hoc ngI cht)
Admissible Aceptable
C th chp nhn c
Admissible appeal S khng co c th th l c
Admissible evidence Bng chng kh chp
Admission Disclosure of facts adverse to one`s case. Acceptance into evidence
S th nhn; s chp nhn lm bng chng
Adopted child Con nui; nghi t, dng t
Adulterine child Con ngoi tnh
Adulterous intercourse Gian thng; gian dm
Adoption Legal process of establishing parental relationship between adoptive parents and child
born of other parent
S lp con nui
Advancement Tin [ngi tha k c] nhn trc
Adversary system The system of trial practice in the United States and some other countries in which each
of the opposing, or adversary, parties has the opportunities to present and establish
opposing contentions before the court.
H thng i lp trong x n.
Adverse possession S chp hu theo thc ti
Adverse witness Also called hostile witness
Ngi chng khng thn thin
Advertisement required by law B co t php
Advisement of rights S thng tri quyn ( ca b can )
Affiant The person who makes and subscribes an affidavit
Ngi lp chng th
Affidavit A written declaration made under oath before a notary public or other authorized officer.
Th c th; chng th cng tri
Affidavit made by process server Vi bng ca tha pht li
Affidavit of prejudice Sworn statement alleging a potential judge is biased
Thnh nguyn xin hi t
Affiliated child Con khai nhn/nhn nhn
Affiliation S xc nh t cch lm cha (mt a con hoang c trch
nhim nui)
Affinity Relationship by marriage.
Quan h nhn tc
Affirmative action T quyn s hu
Affirmative easement Quyn a dch tch cc
Affirmative judgment n xc nhn; n y nhn
Aforethought Premeditated or conceived of before actually done or carried out
C d mu
Affranchise from oath Min th
Aggravated assault Toan hnh hung gia trng
Aggravated term Mc x pht nng

THUT NG PHP L
Aggravating circumstances Nhng trng hp gia trng

Agreement Two or more persons` mutual promises
Hp ng; giao ko.
Aid and abet Tip tay v xi dc
Aider and abettor Ngi tip tay xi dc
Air law Lut khng trung
Alias B danh; cn c tn l (AKA= also known as )
Alibi Chng c ngoi phm
Alienate Chuyn nhng (ti sn)
Alienation S chuyn nhng (ti sn..)
Alienator Ngi chuyn nhng (ti sn..)
Alienee Ngi c chuyn nhng
Alimony An allowance for support made under court order to a divorced person by the
former spouse, usually the chief provider during the marriage. Alimony may also
be granted without a divorce, as between legally separated persons.
Dng kim; tin cp dng ly d ;tin ph cp cho ngi
phi ngu
Allegation Partys statement of fact the party intends to prove
S vin l; vin l
Allege Cho l, vin l
Allow a request/claim Chp n
Alternate Bi thm d khuyt
Alternate juror Bi thm d khuyt
Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR Methods of resolving disputes outside of official court proceedings. Thesemethods
include mediation, arbitration, and conciliation.
Gii quyt tranh chp bng phng cch khc ; trung gian, trng
ti, ho gii
Alternate juror Bi thm vin ph khuyt
Amicus curiae A friend of the court, a nonparty who interposes, with the permission of the court, and
olunteers information upon some matter before the court.
Ngi t nguyn cung cp thng tin trc ta.
Amiss Sai, hng, xu; by
Ammend To revise a complaint or other legal document
Tu chnh, sa i mt bn vn php l.
Ammend a constitution Tu chnh hin php
Ammendment Modification of document
S tu chnh; tu chnh n
Annual review Yearly judicial review, usually in juvenile dependency cases, to determine whether the
requires continued court supervision or placement.
Vic ti xt hng nm
Answer Defendant`s formal document setting out defense in a civil case
Bng khng bin
Appeal The transfer of a case from a lower to a higher court for a new hearing. A case so
transferred. A request for a new hearing.
S khng co; s chng n.
Appealable judgment n s thm
Appeal, Court of Ta thng thm
Appeal, Supreme court of Ta ph n
Appeal from a decision, Hear Phc thm mt bn n
Appeal, Judge without X chung thm
Appeal, Judge with possible X s thm
Appeal, Lodge an n khng co
Appeal, Acquitted on c tha bng ti ta thng thm
THUT NG PHP L
Appeal, Quash a sentence on Bc bn n sau khi phc thm

Appeal against too mild a sentence, Public Prosecutor`s
Khng co ti thiu
Appeal lodged after expiry of time limit
Khng co qu tr
Appeal, Judgment under n vn b khng co
Appeal, Time limit for lodging an Thi hn khng co
Appeal, Unfounded Cung khng
Appeals Court Ta Thng thm
Appear at the bar Ra hu ta
Appearance Partys presence in court
S ra hu ta ; xut nh
Appellant Nguyn khng
Appellate court Ta phc thm
Appellate jurisdiction Quyn phc thm
Appellee B khng
Appointed attorney Lut s do ta ch nh
Appointed counsel Lut s do ta ch nh
Apprise Cho bit, bo cho bit
Approach the bench Ti n th ca chnh n
Arbiter Ngi phn x, trng ti; thm phn, quan ta; ngi c ton
quyn.
Arbitration S trng phn ; s lm trng ti phn x
Arbitration clause c khon trng phn
Argument Debate before the court
L l; lp lun; lun c
Argumentative A question that attempts to contradict a witness rather than eliciting new information.
Cu hi nhm gy tranh ci hn l tm kim thng tin mi.
Arraignment Thng bo ti danh; phin ta lun ti
Arraign To formally advise defendant of the charge at an intial court appearance
Thng bo ti danh.
Arrears Cn mc n; cha tr ht n.
Arrest To seize and hold under the authority of law.Noun The act of detaining in legal custody:
the arrest of a criminal suspect. The state of being so detained: a criminal under arrest.
Bt giam, cu trc
Arrest, Wholesale S bt giam hng lot
Arrest, Open Khinh cm
Arrest, Close Trng cm
Arrest, Under B cu lu
Arrest for criminal contempt Cu thc thn th v khinh mn quan ta
Arrest warrant Trt tm n; trt dn gii; n phiu; cu phiu
Arrest of judgment Postponing the effect of a judgment already entered.
nh hon hiu lc mt phn quyt c a ra
Arson The crime of maliciously, voluntarily, and willfully setting fire to the building, buildings,
or other property of another or of burning one's own property for an improper purpose, as
to collect insurance.
Ti phng ha; ti t nh
Asked and answered The witness has already been asked the same question and has given an answer.
Cu hi hi v c tr li ri.
Assault A willful attempt to illigally inflict injury on or threaten a person
Toan hnh hung
Assault, aggravated Toan hnh hung gia trng

THUT NG PHP L
Assault with a deadly weapon Toan hnh hung vi kh gii c th gy cht ngi
Assault with intent to commir rape Toan hip dm
Assignation of a claim Chuyn di tri quyn
Assignation , Deed of Chng th chuyn nhng
Assignee Ngi th nhng (tri quyn).
Ngi qun ti (trong v khnh tn)
Assignor One that makes an assignment.
Ngi ph nhng; ngi chuyn nhng
Associate director Tham l/tham ngh gim c
Associate judge Ph thm
Assumes facts not in evidence Mt cu hi da trn gi nh cha c chng minh.
Assumption of risk In tort law, a defense to a personal injury suit. The essence of the defense is that the
plaintiff assumed the known risk of whatever dangerous condition caused the injury.
Attachment Legal seizure of property or a person. The writ ordering such a seizure.
S sai p; lnh sai p
Attachment of real property Sai p bt ng sn
Attachment against secutities Sai p chng khon
Attachment , Warrant of n lnh sai p
Attachment for defaulter Court-issued warrant for the arrest of a person other than the defendant, whose presence is
needed in a court proceeding and who has failed to appear as per prior court order of
subpeona;(also called Body Attachment .)
Cu lu nhn chng
Attainder S t ra ngoi vng php lut; s tc quyn cng dn v
tch thu ti sn.(sau khi b n t hnh)
Attainder, Bill of A legislative act pronouncing a person guilty of a crime, usually treason, without trial
and subjecting that person to capital punishment and attainder. Such acts are prohibited
y the U.S. Constitution.
Sc lnh tc quyn cng dn v tch thu ti sn
Attenuate Lm gim bt
Attest To affirm to be correct, true, or genuine.To certify by signature or oath. To certify in an
official capacity.
Chng nhn; nhn thc, chng thc
Attesting notary Chng kh kin chng
Attested copy Bn sao c th thc/nhn thc
Attestor Ngi chng thc; ngi lm chng
Attorney Lut s, trng s
Attorney-at-law Lut s ti ta
Attorney of record Attorney whose name appears in the permanent records or files of a case.
Lut s ghi trong h s v n
Attorney General Vin chng l; B trng T php(M)
Attorney, Public Bin l
Attorney, Letter/Warrant of Giy y quyn
Attorney of record Lut s chnh thc
Attorney, Power of Quyn y nhim
Authentic Cng chnh; xc thc
Authenticate Chng thc
Authentication S th thc; s nhn thc
Authoritative Having or arising from authority; official: an authoritative decree; authoritative sources.
Of acknowledged accuracy or excellence; highly reliable.
C quyn hn; c tn lc; c quyn th
Authoritative document Vn kin c tn lc
Auto tampering Lc li xe
Aver Xc minh, chng minh
Average The loss of a ship or cargo, caused by damage at sea. The incurrence of damage or loss of
THUT NG PHP L
a ship or a cargo at sea. c. The equitable distribution of such a loss among concerned
parties. A charge incurred through such a loss.
Hi tn
Averment Chng c xc minh
Avoid To annul or make void; invalidate
Hy b; th tiu; gii tiu
Avoidance clause c khon gii tiu
B
Bail In criminal cases, a sum of money posted by or on behalf of a defendant to guarantee his
appearance in court after being released from jail.
Tin th chn, tin bo chng
Bail bond An obligation signed by the defendant, with the sureties , to secure his/her presence in
court .
Chng phiu hay tri phiu tin th chn
Bail bondsman A person who posts bail in exchange for a fee, usually 10 percent of the total bail.
Ngi bn tri phiu tin th chn
Bail exoneration Gii ta tin th chn
Bail forfeiture Tch thu tin th chn
Bail , Grant Chp nhn cho bo lnh
Bail , Refuse Bc n xin t do tm
Bail , Find Cung np tin bo chng
Bail , Jump Trnh li php lut
Bail reinstatement To reestablish bail
Cho ti tc ti ngoi hu cu
Bail revocation Khng cho ti ngoi
Bail review S xt li tin th chn
Bailiff Cnh li ( Marshall)
Bankrupcy Ph sn
Banns Also bans .An announcement, especially in a church, of an intended marriage.
Cng b hn nhn
Bar The railing in a courtroom enclosing the part of the room where the judges and lawyers
sit, witnesses are heard, and prisoners are tried. A place of judgment; a tribunal.
Attorneys considered as a group. The profession of law.
Vnh mng nga; lut s on; php nh; ngh lut
Bar, Trial at Phin ta khong i
Bar, Appear at the Ra hu ta
Bar, Prisoner at the B co
Bar Association Lut s on
Bar, Member of the Lut s ti ta
Bar, Plea at Khc bin quyt tuyt; khng chp
Bar period Thi gian tiu quyn
Barred from trial B khc tng
Barred by the statute of limitation, Action
T quyn b thi tiu
Barring circumstances beyond one`s control
Ngoi tr trng hp bt kh khng
Barrister Chiefly British. A lawyer admitted to plead at the bar in the superior courts.
Lut s
Bastard An illegitimate child.
Con ngoi hn; con hoang; con ngoi tnh

THUT NG PHP L
Bastardy procedure/case T quyn khc t ph h

Bastard for affiliation, Action of T quyn su tm ph h
Battered child syndrome B.C.S.- Physical condition of a child indicating that external or internal injuries result
from acts committed by a parent or custodian. Also termed Parent Infant Trauma
Syndrome (P.I.T.S.)
Hi chng b nh p ni em b
Battery nh p
Battery, Spousal u gia v chng
Bench The seat for judges in a courtroom. The office or position of a judge. The judge or judges
composing a court.
Thm phn on; Ta n
Bench conference: Side bar conference A discussion between the judge and the attorneys at the bench so \
that the jury cannot hear what is being said.
Tho lun ring gia quan ta v lut s.
Bench court Phin x khng c bi thm on
Bench trial Phin x khng c bi thm on
Bench warrant Trt bt ca ta
Beneficiary The recipient of funds, property, or other benefits, as from an insurance policy or will.
Ngi tha hng
Benefit Bit li
Benefit of the doubt Bit li h nghi
Benefit of the doubt, Give the Tha bng v nghi vn, v thiu bng chng
Bequest The act of giving, leaving by will, or passing on to another. Something that is
bequeathed; a legacy.
S di tng; vt di tng
Beyond a reasonable doubt Ngoi nghi vn hp l
Beyond the scope of direct examination A question that enters into areas of inquiry not covered in the direct examination of
the witness.
Ra ngoi phm vi trc vn
Bias Thin kin, thnh kin
Bill of attainder A legislative act pronouncing a person guilty of a crime, usually treason, without trial
and subjecting that person to capital punishment and attainder. Such acts are prohibited
by the U.S. Constitution.
Sc lnh tc quyn cng dn v tch thu ti sn
Bill of indictment Bn co trng
Bill of divorcement Phn quyt ly d; chng th ly hn
Bill of Rights A formal summary of those rights and liberties considered essential to a people or group
of people: a consumer bill of rights. The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution,
added in 1791 to protect certain rights of citizens. A declaration of certain rights of
subjects, enacted by the English Parliament in 1689.
o lut Nhn quyn
Bind over Cu lu ch xt x
Birth certificate Trch lc khai sinh
Body attachment Court-issued warrant for the arrest of a person other than the defendant, whose presence
is needed in a court proceeding and who has failed to appear as per prior court order of
subpeona; also called Attachment for Defaulter.
Cu lu nhn chng
Bond Often bonds. Confinement in prison; captivity. A sum of money paid as bail or surety. A
bail bondsman.Verb To furnish bond or surety for
Chng phiu; bo chng phiu
Bookmaking nh ; c
Booking number S h s nghi can S Cnh St
Bound over Cu lu ch xt x
Brandishing a weapon Vung kh gii
Breach A violation or infraction, as of a law, a legal obligation, or a promise.verb To violate (an
agreement, for example).
THUT NG PHP L
S vi phm; vi phm
Breach of close Ph ro
Breach of contract Vi c; ph c
Breach of discipline S bt tun k lut
Breach of domicile Xm phm c s
Breach of etiquette Bi thc; tht l
Breach of good manners Thiu x giao
Breach of police regulations Vi cnh
Breach of professional secrecy Vi phm b mt nh ngh
Breach of promise Tht ha; tht c
Breach of regulations Phm qui; vi phm qui tc
Breach of the law Vi lut; phm lut
Breach of the peace Ph ri trt t cng cng
Breach of trust Bi tn
Breaking and entering Ph ca vo
Breathalizer My o hi ru
Bribe Hi l
Brief Written synopsis of case
L on
Burden of proof Trch nhim dn chng
Burglary The act of entering a building or other premises with the intent to commit theft.
Ti trm
C
Calendar, Court Lch ng ng
Call the banns Cng b hn nhn
Call for production of documents i xut trnh/thng tri ti liu
Call a strike Ra lnh nh cng
Call off a strike Bi b nh cng
Call out the military Triu dng qun i
Calls for speculation A hypothetical question or one that asks a witness to guess about a situation.
Cu hi c tnh cht gi thuyt
California Youth Authority Place of confinement for youthful offenders who have committed serious crimes.
Tri Ci Hun Thanh Nin California
Calumny A false statement maliciously made to injure another's reputation. The utterance of
maliciously false statements; slander.
Phao vu; vu khng
Camera A judge's private chamber.
Phng ring ca quan to
Camera, In In private
X kn
Capacity Legal qualification or authority: the capacity to make an arrest.
Nng lc; t cch php l
Capacity to cantract and convey Nng lc kt c v chuyn nhng ti sn
Capacity, Testament Nng lc lp chc th
Capital punishment The penalty of death for the commission of a crime.
T hnh; n t hnh
Caption The heading or introductory clause of papers connected with the case in court, which
shows the names of the parties, name of the court, docket number of the case,etc.

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Tiu h s v n.
Phn m u ca cc ti liu iu tra ca iu tra vin trng n.
S bt b; s giam gi; cu thc
Rt ra, thu hi
Carnal knowledge Sexual intercourse.
Thng dm
Carriage of a bill S thng qua mt d lut
Carry To gain victory, support, or acceptance for: The motion was carried in a close vote
Thng; c tha nhn
Carry a resolution Thng qua mt quyt ngh
Carry a motion Thng qua mt kin ngh
Case Criminal or civil lawsuit
V n
Case law The law made by courts interpreting cases and laws instead of law made by legislature.
In the American system, the primary sources of law are 1) institutions, 2)
statutes/regulations, and 3) case law.
Lut do ta n a ra
Cause list S ng ng
Case of absolute necessity Trng hp bt kh khng
Causation Lin quan nhn qu
Cause of action A claim in law infact sufficient to justify a legal right to use.
C l do s dng
Cautionary judgment n lnh sai p bo ton
Certified c chng nhn
Certificate of competency Chng ch kh nng ; chng ch nng lc
Certificate, Birth/Marriage/Death Trch lc khai sinh/ gi th/ khai t
Certificate, Land Trch lc a b
Certification to Superior CourtAfter a guilty/no contest plea has been entered in Municipal Court, the case is certified to
Superior Court for sentencing. Generally used to refer to the process of transferring a
minor case from the Juvenile Court to the adult court for trial. Usually reserved for
capital or first degree felonies 0r for chronic offenders.
Chuyn ln Ta Trn
Certiorari - Writ of certiorari A procedure requesting appellate review. It is discretionary . If the writ is denied, the
higher court refuses to hear the appeal and the judgment in the lower court stands
unchanged. If the writ is granted, the higher court hear the appeal.
Yu cu duyt vic khng n.
Chain of custody Evidenciary showing that must be made in order to introduce certain piece of evidence.
The chain of custody must be shown from the moment the evidence was seized until it is
introduced in court. It is designed to ensure the integrity of
the evidence.
Lin tc bo lu bng chng
Challenge A formal objection to the inclusion of a prospective juror in a jury.To object to the
qualifications of a potential juror.
Hi t; c khc
Challenge for cause Motion that a prospective juror be excused from service in a particular case because of
claimed bias.
Phn i bi thm c vin l do
Challenge, Peremtory c quyn bi min; hi t n thun
Chamber A room in which a judge may consult privately with attorneys or hear cases not taken
into court.
Phng lm vic ca chnh n
Chambers, Hear a case in X cp thm mt v n
Chambers, Judge in Thm phn cp thm
Change of plea i li khai; i li s xc nh ti
Change of venue The removal of one suit begun in one country or district to another country or district for

THUT NG PHP L
trial, though the term is also sometimes applied to the removal of a suit from one court to
another court of the same country or district. In criminal cases a change of venue will be
permitted if for example the court feels that the defendant cannot receive a fair trial in a
given venue because of prejudice.
Chuyn ta .
Challenge to the array Questioning the qualifications of an entire jury panel, usually on the grounds of partiality
or some fault in the process of summoning the panel.
Thc mc v s hp cch ca bi thm on.
Chancery Court Ta cng l
Charge The statement accusing a person of committing a particular crime. Also the judge`s
instructions to the jury on its duties, on the law involved in the case and on how the law
in the case must be applied. The charge is always given just before jury deliberations.
Bn co trng
Hun th cho bi thm on .
Charges Cc s co buc
Charge someone with a crimnal offense
Buc ti hnh s
Child A person between birth and puberty.An unborn infant; a fetus. An infant; a baby.One
who is childish or immature.A son or daughter; an offspring. Often children. Members of
a tribe; descendants: children of Abraham
a tr; nhi ng; hi nhi, thai nhi, hu du
Child, Adopted Con nui; nghi t, dng t
Child, Adulterine Con ngoi tnh
Child, Affiliated Con khai nhn/nhn nhn
Child, Legitimate Con chnh thc
Child, Illegitimate Con t sinh/ngoi hn/ngoi sinh
Child, Neglected a tr b b ri, khng c dy d, khng c chm sc
Child, Posthumous Con di phc; mt sinh t
Child, Putative Con ng tn
Child, Stillborn Con t sinh
Child, Woman with n b c thai
Child molesting Xm phm tit hnh thiu nhi
Child murder Ti st t; ti st nhi
Child unborn Thai nhi
Child unborn, Guardian to Ngi qun ti thai nhi
Children`s court Ta n thiu nhi
Child unborn Thai nhi
Child abuse Any form of cruelty to a child`s physical, moral or mental well-being
Ngc i tr con
Child molestation Xm phm tit hnh thiu nhi
Child support S cp dng con ci
Children`s Court Ta n Thiu nhi
Court, Criminal Ta hnh
Circuit Court A state court that holds sessions at several different places within a judicial district
Ta Lu ng
Circumstance A condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it; a determining or
modifying factor.A condition or fact that determines or must be considered in the
determining of a course of action.
Trng hp
Circumstances, Aggravating Trng hp gia trng
Circumstances beyond one`s control Trng hp bt kh khng
Circumstances beyond one`s control, Barring
Ngoi tr trng hp bt kh khng
Circumstances, Extenuating Trng hp gim khinh

THUT NG PHP L
Circumstances, Mitigating Trng hp gim khinh

Circumstantial evidence All evidence of an indirect nature. Testimony not based on actual personal knowledge or
observation of the facts on controversy.
Bng chng gin tip; bng chng suy din
Civil action Quyn t t
Civil Court Ta h
C-suspect Crime suspect
Nghi can hnh s
Citation Official notice to appear in court, especially in traffic court.
Giy bo gi ra ta ( thng l ta lu thng ).
Notification of legal authority Vin dn cc vn bn php l.
Civil action In a civil action one sues to enforce a private right or redress a private wrong.
T tng dn s; v kin v dn s
City Attorney Lut s i din cho thnh ph
Civil Law Lut h; dn lut
Claim Tri quyn
Claim , Personal Tri quyn ng sn
Claim secured by bond Tri quyn u i
Claim ,Secured preferential Tri quyn u i
Claim secured by mortgage Tri quyn bo m bng quyn p
Claim, Enforcibility of the Kh sch tnh ca tri quyn
Claim office, Disputed Phng t tng
Clause A distinct article, stipulation, or provision in a document.
c khon; iu khon
Clause to order c khon chiu lnh; lnh khon
Clause , Arbitration c khon trng phn
Clause , Collision c khon thuyn t
Clause , Comminatory c khon th uy
Clause , Competence c khon thm quyn
Clause , Defeasance/avoidance/resolutive/determination
c khon gii tiu
Clause , Derogatory c khon ph cch; nghch l
Clause , Escalator c khon giai tng di ng
Clause , Formal c khon h vn; h khon
Clause , General average c khon hi tn chung
Clause , Most favored nation c khon ti hu quc
Clause , Non liability c khon v trch nhim
Clause , Non warranty c khon bt bo m
Clause , Penalty c khon d pht
Clause , Relieving/exoneration/exemption
c khon min tr
Clause , Rescinding/Annullin c khon bi tr; ph ch
Clause , Subrogation clause c khon i nhim
Clause , Warranty c khon bo m
Clemency A disposition to show mercy, especially toward an offender or enemy
S khoan dung
Clemency hearing Phin ta thm cu n xin n x
Clerk Th k ta; lc s
Close arrest Trng cm
Closing argument Closing statement, closing summation.The final statements by the attorneys to the jury or
the court summarizing the evidence and proof they think they have established during
the course of the trial and that which they think the other side has failed to establish.
Such is made before judge`s charge to jury. Such does not constitute evidence and may
THUT NG PHP L
be limited in time by rule of court.

Li bin h kt thc.
Closing statement Closing argument; closing summation.
Li bin h kt thc
Closing summation Closing argument; closing statement.
Li bin h kt thc
Code A systematically arranged and comprehensive collection of laws.A systematic collection
f regulations and rules of procedure or conduct: a traffic code
Qui phm; qui tc; b lut
Codefendant ng b co; ng b n
Code of criminal procedure B lut t tng hnh s
Code of civil procedure B lut t tng dn s
Code of Ethics Qui tc o c
Code of Professional Responsibility for Court Interpreters
Qui tc v Trch nhim Nghip v ca Thng dch vin To n
Canon 1 : Accuracy and Completeness
Canon 2 : Representation of Qualifications
Canon 3 : Impartiality and Avoidance of Conflict of nterest
Canon 4 : Professional Demeanor
Canon 5 : Confidentiality
Canon 6 : Restriction of Public Comment
Canon 7 : Scope of Practice
Canon 8 : Assessing and Reporting Impediments to Performance.
Canon 9 : Duty to Report Ethical Violation
Canon10: Professional Development
Code, Highway Lut i ng
Code, International Seamen`s Qui ch quc t v thy th
Codicil A supplement or appendix to a will.
Bn b sung vo t di chc
Codified Law Lut in ch
Codify To reduce to a code: codify laws. To arrange or systematize.
in ch; h thng ho
Codify laws in ch php lut
Coerce To force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation;
compel.
p bc; p buc
Coercion The act or practice of coercing
S cng bc
Coercive Law Lut cng ch
Common Law Thng php; thng lut
Comparative Law Lut i chiu
Confront i cht
Constitiutional Law Lut hin php
Contentious judgment n phn tng
Contradictory judgment n i tch
Corporation Law Lut cng ty
Cohabit To live together as spouses. To live together in a sexual relationship when not legally
married.
ng c; sng chung
Collateral Property pledged to secure a debt. Supplementary and additional
Ti sn bo m cho mn n.
C tnh cch ph thuc
Collision clause c khon thuyn t
Collusion A secret agreement between two or more parties for a fraudulent, illegal,
or deceitful purpose
THUT NG PHP L
Thng ng
Collusion, Fraud and Khi tr v thng ng
Commercial Court Ta n Thng mi
Competent evidence Chng c kh chp
Court, Conciliation Ta Ha gii
Court, County Common Pleas Court, District Court
To n qun
Commercial Court Ta n Thng mi
Comminatory clause c khon th uy
Commissioner An attorney who is selected by the judges of the municipal or superior court to fill
needed judicial positions authorized by the legislature; many commissioners act as
temporary judges or judges pro tempore with full powers of a judge by virtue of
a written stipulation or agreement by the defendant, his/her attorney and the prosecutor
that he/she may so act; in juvenile court, the commissioner1s role is usually the same as
the referee`s.
y vin
Commit To perpetrate, e.g. a crime. To institutionalize, e.g. a mental hospital
Phm ti. Giao ph cho mt c quan ( nh dng tr vin)
Committal for trial S tm giam
Committed for trial B tm giam ch x n
Common Law The system of laws originated and developed in England and based on court decisions,
on the doctrines implicit in those decisions, and on customs and usages rather than on
codified written laws
Lut tp tc; thng lut, thng lut
Commutation Reduction of a penalty to a less severe one.
S hon ci
Commutation of sentence Hon gim hnh pht
Commutable C th hon gim
Commutable by fine, Offenses not Ti phm bt kh hon bng tin pht
Commute To change (a penalty, debt, or payment) to a less severe one
Hon ci
Competency Legal capacity to testify
Kh nng lm chng
Complaint Information - The complaint is a written statement of the essential facts constituting the
offense charge. A complaint is basically the same as an ìnformation`. The difference is
that complaints are filled by the District Attorney in misdemeanor cases in Municpal
Court whereas informations are filled by the District Attorney in felony cases in
Superior Court.
Khi t lun trng
Competence clause c khon ph d thm quyn
Competent C kh nng, c trnh , tho gii; c thm quyn
Competent court Ta c thm quyn xt x
Compunction n nn, n hn, hi tic
Concealed weapon Kh gii ct giu
Conciliation Ha gii
Conciliation Court Ta Ha gii
Conclusive evidence Xc chng
Concurrent sentence A sentence which overlaps with another for a period of time, as opposed to a
consecutive(cumulative) sentence which runs by itself.
n song hnh
Confession Th ti
Conflict of interest Quyn li tng phn; t th bt hp
Confront ng u; i cht
Consecutive interpretation Thng dch sau khi nghe ni
Consecutive sentence Bn n tip ni
THUT NG PHP L
Consistent (with) Ph hp; thch hp; ng vi

Consolidated case Joining of separate cases together under one case number.
V n kt hp
Consolidated information Bn co trng kt hp
Conspiracy Gian nhn hip ng; ng mu
Constitution The composition or structure of something
T chc, cu to, thit lp; thit nh
Constitution The system of fundamental laws and principles that prescribes the nature, functions, and
limits of a government or another institution. The document on which such a system is
recorded.
Hin php
Constitution, Ammend a Tu chnh hin php
Constitution, Frame a Son tho hin php
Constitution, Framers of a Nhng nh tho hin
Constitution, Flexible Hin php nhu tnh
Constitution, Institute for Preservation of the
Vin Bo Hin
Constitution, Rigid Hin php cng tnh
Constitution, Unwritten Hin php bt thnh vn
Constitution, Written Hin php thnh vn
Constitutional act, Provisional Hin c tm thi
Constitutional Right A right granted to the citizen by the Constitution and so guaranted as to prevent
legislative interfrence therewith. A citizen has the following Constitutional Rights:
1. A speedy and pubic trial by judge or jury
2. The assistance of an attorney at all stages of the proceedings
3. A right to confront with witnesses
4. A right against self-incrimination
5. A right to the processes of the Court to compel the attendence of witnesses.
Quyn hin nh
Contempt of court Ti khinh mn hoc coi thng ta
Contested hearing Phin th l khng bin
Contingent (on) Ty thuc vo
Continuance A court order postponing proceedings
Lnh ca ta di li ngy x
Continue In the legal context, it means to adjourn, pospone or delay.
Di li ngy x
Continuance, Motion for Kin ngh xin di ngy x.
Contract An oral or written agreement between two or more parties which is enforceable by law.
Hp ng. kh c, giao ko
Contract voided de jure Kh c gii tiu theo lut nh
Controlled substance quc cm (thng ni v ma ty)
Contumacious Vng mt; khng tun lnh ta
Conversation S giao cu; s giao hp.
Conversation, Criminal Crim. Con. Ti thng dm, ti ngoi tnh
Conveyable C th chuyn nhng; c th sang tn
Conveyance Transfer of title to property from one person to another. The document by which a
property transfer is effected.
S chuyn nhng/sang tn; kh c chuyn nhng
Conveyancer Lut s chuyn tho giy chuyn nhng; sang tn ti sn
Conveyancing Vic tho giy chuyn nhng; sang tn ti sn
Convict Kt n
Convict Individual who has been found guilty and incarcerated. To find defendant guilty of a
crime.
Ngi b kt n. Kt n.

THUT NG PHP L
Conviction Finding of guilt in a criminal case

S kt n.
Coparcenary Joint inheritance or heirship of property. Also called parcenary
S tha k chung
Coparcener Ngi cng tha k
Copulation S giao cu, giao hp
Corpus delicti The substance or foundation of a crime; the substantial fact that a crime has been
committed, e.g., the corpse of a homicide victim, the charred remains of a burned house.
C s hnh ti
Coroner Y s gio nghim; ngi iu tra nhng v cht bt thng
Corroborate Trng hp vi; n khp vi
Corroborating evidence Evidence supplementary to the already given and tending to strenghthen or confirm it
Bng chng h tr, xc nhn thm.
Corroboration Confirmation or support of a witness` statement or other fact.
Xc nhn li khai ca nhn chng
Costs An allowance for expenses in prosecuting or defending a suit.Ordinarily this does not
include attorney fees.
n ph
Costs The charges fixed for litigation, often payable by the losing party
Tng ph
Costs of an action Tng ph
Costs, Court n ph
Counsel To advise. Lawyer
C vn. Lut s
Counsel table Bn lut s
Count Numbered charge
im buc ti
Counterclaim A claim presented by a defendant in a civil proceeding in opposition to a claim of a
plaintiff.
S phn t
Counter evidence Phn chng
Counterfeiting Lm giy bc gi
County Court Common Pleas Court, District Court
To n qun
County jail Lao x qun hay ht
Court Ta; ta n; php vin; php nh
Court-appointed counsel Lut s do ta ch nh
Court bench Thm phn on; Ta n
Court calendar Lch ng ng
Court clerk Lc s; th k ta
Court interpreter Thng dch vin ta n
Court of Admiralty Ta n Hi Qun
Court of Appeals A court to which appeals are made on points of law resulting from the judgment
of a lower court.
To thng thm; to khng n
Court of the Peace with Extended jurisdiction
Ta Ho Gii Rng quyn
Court of First Instance Ta S thm
Court of Appeal, Supreme Ta Ph n
Court of arbitration Ta n trng ti; cng on vin
Court of chancery A court with jurisdiction in equity.
To x theo lut cng bnh
Court of claims A U.S. federal court that determines claims brought by individuals against the
THUT NG PHP L
government.
Ta Khiu t lin bang
Court of common law Ta n Thng lut
Court of common pleas A court in some states of the United States having general jurisdiction.. A court
in Great Britain that formerly heard civil cases between commoners
Ta thng tng
Court of Conflicts Ta Phn thm
Court of domestic relations A court having the judicial authority to investigate and decide on cases
involving marital and especially parental rights and obligations, including child custody,
support, and well-being
To x cc v gia nh
Courts of equity Courts which administer a legal remedy according to the system of equity, as
distinguished from courts of common law . The English system upon which
most American states modeled their court systems included two separate sets of
courts: equity and law. Although Utah has now combined the two in a single
system, court continue to refer to their powers in equity as distinct from their
functions as courts of law. Equitable powers are flexible and try to do justice.
Courts of law are rigid and must act strictly according to the law.
Ta n p dng lut cng bng
Court of First Instance Ta S thm
Court of Justice, International Php vin Quc t
Court of Justice, Special Php vin c bit
Court of last resort Supreme court
Ta n ti cao, Ti Cao Php Vin
Court of law A court that hears cases and makes decisions based on statutes or the common law.
To x theo thng lut
Court of the Peace Ta Ho gii
Court of record Courts whose prceedings are permanently recorded, and which have the power to fine or
imprison for contempt. In utah, they include the Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, district,
juvenile and Circuit Courts. Courts not of record are those of lesser authority whose
proceedings are not permanently recorded, e.g., the Justice Courts.
Ta n c ghi li h s x kin
Court of review To ph n
Court order n lnh
Court probation Qun ch do Ta n gim st
Court reporter Court stenographer
Tc k vin ta n
Courtroom Phng x
Court stenographer Court reporter
Tc k vin ta n
Court trial Phin x khng c bi thm on
Court, Administrative Ta n Hnh chnh
Court, Chancery Ta cng l
Court, Children`s Ta n Thiu nhi
Court, Circuit A state court that holds sessions at several different places within a judicial district
Ta Lu ng
Court, Civil Ta h
Court, Commercial Ta n Thng mi
Court, Conciliation Ta Ha gii
Court, County Common Pleas Court, District Court
To n qun
Court, Criminal Ta hnh
Court, Dependency To gim h thiu nhi
Court, District Ta n khu vc
Court, Domestic Relations Family Court (Ta n Gia nh), Juvenile Court ( Ta V thnh nin)

THUT NG PHP L
Ta n Quan h Gia nh
Court, Family Ta Gia nh
Court, Immigration Ta n Di tr
Court, Intermediate Appellate To Khng n Trung gian
Court, Juvenile Ta V thnh nin; ta n thiu nhi
Court, Labor Ta n Lao ng
Court, Land Ta n in a
Court, Martial Ta n Qun s
Court, Military Ta n Qun s
Court, Municipal Ta n th x, ta n thnh ph
Court, Night Ta m
Court, Police Ta vi cnh
Court, Probate Surrogate Court (Ta Gim h); Orphan`s Court (Ta C nhi - Pa.).
Ta n Di chc
Court, Small Claims To x cc v nh
Court, Superior Circuit Court, District Court, Court of Commons Pleas, Supreme Court (NY).
Ta Trn
Court, Supreme Php vin Ti cao. Ta Thng thm
Court, State Supreme Court of final resort (Ta ph n), Court of Appeals (Ta Khng n, Judicial Court,
Supreme Court of Appeals.
Ta n Ti Cao Tiu bang
Court, Traffic Ta n lu thng
Credit for time served The amount of time the defendant has been in custody from the arrest date until
the sentencing date is credited against the defendant`s actual sentence - period
of incarceration, probation,etc.
Thi gian th hnh
Credibility Tnh cch kh tn
Cremate To incinerate (a corpse)
Ho tng; ho thiu
Crim. Con. Criminal conversation
Ti thng dm, ti ngoi tnh
Crime Any act which the sovereign power of a country has deemed contrary to the public good
and hence, prosecutable in a criminal proceeding; crime includes felonies and misdemeanors.
Ti phm hnh s
Crime suspect C- suspect
Nghi can hnh s
Criminal Hnh s; thuc v hnh s
Criminal act Hnh vi phm php
Criminal action T quyn hnh s
\Criminal assault S cng dm
Criminal case A case brought by the government against a person accused of committing a crime.Through
a criminal action an individual or the state sues to redress a public wrong.
V hnh s
Criminal conversation Adultery
Ti thng dm, ti ngoi tnh
Criminal Court Ta hnh
Criminal insanity Lack of mental capacity to do or abstain from doing a particular act; inability to istinguish
right from wrong.
Tnh trng mt tr
Criminal intent nh phm php
Criminal justice The system of law enforcement, the bar, the judiciary, corrections, and
probation that is directly involved in the apprehension, prosecution, defense,
sentencing, incarceration, and supervision of those suspected of or charged
with criminal offenses.noun, attributive Often used to modify another noun:

THUT NG PHP L
criminal justice issues; criminal justice programs

T php hnh s
Criminal Law Lut hnh; hnh lut
Criminal record H s hnh s; h s n tch; l lch hnh s
Criminal Records Office S cn cc t php; s lc hnh; s gio nghim nhn thn
Criminal procedure Th tc t tng hnh s
Cross-claim In a civil proceeding, if there are two or more defendants, one defendant can
raise a claim against another defendant.
T nhau qua li
Cross-examination Questioning the witness after the other side has conpleted the direct examination. Generally,
the person conducting the cross-examination must limit himself/herself to the topics or
subject matters raised during the direct examination of this witness by the other side.
Thm cu i tch
Cross- examine Thm cu i tch
Cross-question To question closely; cross-examine. A question asked during cross-examination.
Thm vn phi kim; thm vn i tch
C-suspect Crime suspect
Nghi can hnh s
Culpable homicide Ti c st
Curriculum vitae A summary of one's education, professional history, and job qualifications, as for a
prospective employer
L lch
Custody Incarceration. The right to or responsibility for a child`s care and control, carrying
with it the duty of providing food, shelter, medical care, education and discipline.
S giam gi. Nui gi tr em
Customary Law Tc l php
D
Damages Repayment for loss or injury. Money that a court orders paid to party (usually he
plaintiff) who has suffered a loss by another party who caused the loss (usually the
defendant).
Bi thng thit hi; bi khon
Deadly weapon Kh gii c th gy cht ngi
Dead time Time spent by defendant in county jail awaiting trial and sentencing
Thi gian nm t ch ra ta xt x
Death certificate Trch lc khai t
Decision on the main issue applies to accessory matters
Ph tng chnh
Declatory judgment One which declares the rights of the parties or expresses the opinion of the court
on a question of law, without ordering anything to be done.
Phn quyt gii thch m thi; n tuyn nhn
Declinatory plea Khc thm
Decree absolute n vn chung thm
Deed A document sealed as an instrument of bond, contract, or conveyance, especially relating
to property.
Cng chng th; chng th chng kh
Deed of arranegment Chng th thun gii
Deed of assignation Chng th chuyn nhng
Deed of gift Chng th tng d sinh thi
Deed of partnership Chng th kt x
Deed of transfer Chng th chuyn d
Deed under private seal Chng th t th
Deed , Title Chng th thit nh quyn s hu
THUT NG PHP L
Deed , Trust Chng th tn thc

Deed , Indenture Chng th a phng
Default A failure to comply with a duty to one`s own disadvantage; default means anything
wrongful, an omission to do that which ought to have been done by one
of the parties.
Khuyt tch ; khng ra hu kin; v n; x vng vt
Defaulter Ngi khng ra hu to; ngi v n

Defeasance clause c khon gii tiu
Defer (to) Lm theo; chu theo kin ca
Death penalty n t hnh
Death row Ni giam cc t ti
Decree A decision or order of the court. A final decree is one which fully and finally disposes of
the litigation. An interlocutory decree is a preliminary decree which is not final.
n lnh; bn n
Default judgment n khuyt tch
Defamation The making of false, derogatory statements about a person`s charactern morals, abilities,
business practices or financial status. (Includes libel, which is written, and slander, which is
spoken)
Ph bng, lm mt danh d
Defendant B co, b can; b n (trong cc v dn s)
Defense The defendant and the defense attorney. Evidence offered by an accused to defeat a
criminal charge
Bn b can. S bin h
Defense attorney Lut s bin h
Defense counsel Lut s bin h
Defense evidence Bng chng ca pha b can
Defense exhibits Tang chng ca pha b can
Defense witness Nhn chng pha b can
De jure According to law; by right.
Theo lut, php nh, lut nh, theo php l
De jure, Contract voided Kh c gii tiu theo lut nh
De jure principle, By virtue of the Theo nguyn tc php l
De jure sovereignty Ch quyn php nh
Deliberation S bn ci; ngh n ca bi thm on.
Demeanor The way in which a person behaves; deportment.
Cung cch, thi
Demesne Possession and use of one's own land.
S chim hu rung t
Demesne of the Crown Hong triu cng th
Demesne , Royal Hong triu cng th
Demurrer The formal allegation that facts as stated in the pleading, even if admitted, are not legally
sufficient for the case to proceed any longer; a demurrer is not the same as the answer to
the complaint; in modern procedure, a motion to dismiss replaces the demurrer. A
method of objecting that admits the facts of the opponent's argument but denies that they
sustain the pleading based upon them.
Khc bin quyt tuyt; khng chp
Department of correction Cc ci hun
Dependency Court To gim h thiu nhi
Dependent child A child who is homeless or without proper care through no fault of the parent,
guardian or custodian.
Tr bi i
Deport To expel from a country.
Trc xut
Deportation S trc xut
THUT NG PHP L
Deportation order Lnh trc xut

Deportation , Warrant of Lnh trc xut
Deposition Testimony under oath, especially a statement by a witness that is written down
or recorded for use in court at a later date. The taking of testimony of a witness
under oath outside of court, usually transcribed in writing by a court reporter, or less
frequently, recorded on videotape.
Li cung khai hu th bn ngoi ta n
Deprivation of custody The court transfers custody of a person from parents or legal guardian to another person,
agency or institution. It may be temporary or permanent.
Tc quyn nui gi.
Deputy D.A. Ph Bin l
Deputy judge Thm phn ph khuyt
Derelict Deserted by an owner or keeper; abandoned.
V ch
Derelict land t v ch
Desist To cease doing something; forbear
Thi; ngng.
Desist from an action Bi ni; hu ni
Detachment Absence of prejudice or bias; disinterest: strove to maintain her professional
detachment in the case
S v t; s suy xt c lp
Detention The act of detaining. The state of being detained, especially a period of temporary
custody while awaiting trial.
Cu lu; tm giam
Detention on suspicion S giam cu; tm giam
Detention awaiting trial S tm giam ch ra ta
Detention under remand S tm giam ch tr v cp x ban u
Detention , House of Nh giam; lao x
Detention camp Tri giam
Detention hearing In Juvenile Court, a judicial hearing, usually held after the filing of a petition, to
determine interim custody of a minor pending a judgment.
Phin x quyt nh cho tm thi nui gi.
Determination clause c khon gii tiu
Determination of priors Finding made by judge or jury as to whether an allegation that defendant was
previously convicted of a felony is true or not; if found true, punishment is increased
should defendant be sentenced to state prison.
Quyt nh v tin n
Detinue An action to recover possession or the value of property wrongfully detained. The writ
authorizing such action. The act of unlawfully detaining personal property.
T quyn hon phc, hi nguyn; lnh hon phc, hi nguyn;
s chp chim, tr th bt hp php ng sn
Detinue, Action of T quyn hon phc, hi nguyn ng sn
Deuce Violation of Vehicle Code 23102: driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs or
combination thereof; commonly referred to as misdemeanor drunk driving.
Say ru li xe
Dilatory exception Khc bin tr hon
Diplomatic immunity Quyn c min ngoi giao
Direct action T quyn trc tip, chnh din
Direct evidence Evidence in the form of testimony from a witness who actually saw, heard, or touched
the subject of interrogation.
Bng chng trc tip
Direct examination Trc vn
Directed verdict In civil cases in whicjh there is insufficient basis for any other conclusion, the judge may
direct the jury to render a specific verdict. Criminal defendants may also ask the court to
rule in their favor rather than submitting the case to the jury.

THUT NG PHP L
Bnh quyt c ch th.

Disbar To expel (an attorney) from the practice of law by official action or procedure
Tc quyn lm lut s; khai tr ra khi t chc lut s
Disbarment S tc quyn lm lut s; khai tr ra khi t chc lut s
Discharge In criminal law, the lawful release of a person from any supervision of a criminal justice
agency.
Tha v
Discovery Pre-trial process to abtain facts from other side. Request for information from the
opposing party in preparing for trial
Thng tri h s v n.
Discovery , Motion for Kin ngh xin thng tri h s v n
Dismiss Bi b
Dismissal with prejudice A dismissal which bars the right to subsequently bring an action on the same cause.
Bi b (khng c quyn em ra li)
Dismissal without prejudice A dismissal which permits the plaintiff to sue again on the same cause of action
or the state to proceed again.
Bi b (vi quyn a ra li)
Disorderly conduct Gy ri trt t
Disown To refuse to acknowledge or accept as one's own; repudiate.
Khng nhn nhn; chi t
Disown one`s signature Khng nhn nhn ch k ca mnh
Disposition Final outcome of a criminal case
Chung quyt mt v hnh
Dispositional report In Juvenile Court, a written report relating to the child`s mental, physical, and
social history, submitted by the juvenile probation department od other
designated agency to assist the judge in determining a proper disposition.
Bo co gip gii quyt v x
Disputed claim office Phng t tng
Dissent A term commonly used to denote the disagreement of one or more judges of a
court of appeals with the decision of the majority.
S khng nht tr
Dissolution Termination of a marriage, partnership,etc.,
S tiu hy; s gii tiu (hn phi, kh c hn hp
District Attorney Bin l; Cng t vin
District court Ta n khu vc
Disturbing the peace Gy huyn no
Diversion Alternative program which may result in dismissal of charges. Procedures for
handling relatively insignificant juvenile problems informally, without referral to
Juvenile Court. In criminal cases, the formal continuance of the case for a
certain length of time, usually a year, with the goal of dismissal if the defendant
meets certain conditions.
S min t c iu kin
Divorce Ly d; ly hn
Divorcement Complete separation.
S ly d; ly hn
Divorcement, Bill of Chng th ly hn
Dock An enclosed place where the defendant stands or sits in a court of law.
Gh b co
Docket A calendar of the cases awaiting action in a court. A brief entry of the court proceedings
in a legal case. The book containing such entries.
S ng ng; lch ng ng
Domestic Relations Court Family Court( Ta n Gia nh), Juvenile Court ( Ta V thnh nin)
Ta n Quan h Gia nh
Domestic violence S x xt gia nh

THUT NG PHP L
Domicile That place where a person has his true and permanent home. A person may have several
residences, but only one domicile.
Ch c nh
Double jeopardy Common law and constitiutional prohibition (5th Amendment) against more than
one prosecution for the same crime.
Him tai b x hai ln v cng mt ti
Driving while intoxicated Li xe trong khi say ru
Driving Under Influence DUI
Li xe trong khi say ru
Drunk driving Li xe trong khi say ru
Due process of law X ng nguyn tc cng bng v v t
Duties ad interim Nhim v quyn nhip
E
Easement A right, such as a right of way, afforded a person to make limited use of another's real
property
Quyn a dch
Easement, Affirmative Quyn a dch tch cc
Easement, Negative Quyn a dch tiu cc
Elder law Lut ngi gi
Eleazer motion Motion to require prosecution to show whereabouts of an informant or to show
that reasonable efforts have been made to locate him/her.
Thnh nguyn Eleaser
Embellish T son im phn; thm tht; thm mm thm mui
Embezzlement The fraudulent appropriation by a person to his own use or benefit of property or money
entrusted to him by another.
Bin th
Eminent domain The power to take private property for public use by state and municipalities
Quyn trng dng ti sn t
En banc A proceeding in which the entire membership of an appellate court participates in the
decision, rather than leaving the decision to a smaller `panel` of the court`s member. In
Utah, the Court of Appeals is prohibited from sitting en banc.
X vi quyt nh ca to n th thm phn on
Enforceable judgment n chp hnh
Enforcibility of the claim Kh sch tnh ca tri quyn
Enjoin A court order forbidding or requiring a certain action
Ra lnh cm hoc bt lm
Entailment A predetermined order of succession, as to an estate or to an office.
S k tha theo th t
Enter a plea Khai v ti trng
Enhancement Factor that increases criminal penalty
Yu t gia trng
Entrapment The instigation by a government official of the commission of a crime by a person who
was not predisposed to commit such crime.
Xi dc phm ti; s gi by
Equal protection Quyn c bo v ng u
Escheat In American law, the right of the state to an estate left vacant, to which no one makes a
valid claim. Property of a decedent who had no will and no heirs escheats to the state.
Sung cng
Escrow A writing,deed , money, stock, or other property is given to a third person to hold until
all conditions in a contract are fulfilled.
THUT NG PHP L
Bn giao ko,giy ch quyn , tin hoc ti sn do ngi

th ba gi
lm bng
Estate A collective term meaning all real and personal property owned by a person.
Ti sn
Estate in abeyance Ti sn v tha nhn
Estoppel A bar preventing one from making an allegation or a denial that contradicts what one has
previously stated as the truth
S ngn ai khng cho nhn (v tri vi li nhn hay khng nhn
trc ca chnh ngi ny)
Estoppel by judgment n tiu quyn
Et al An abbreviation of et alii, meaning ànd others`, ordinarily used in lieu of listing all
names of persons involved in a proceeding
V nhng ngi khc
Eviction S trut hu; s b tng xut ra khi nh
Evidence The documentary or oral statements and the material objects admissible as testimony in a
court of law.
Bng chng, tang chng, chng c
Evidence, Circumstancial Bng chng gin tip; bng chng suy din
Evidence, Competent Chng c kh chp
Evidence, Conclusive Xc chng
Evidence, Counter Phn chng
Evidence, Direct Chng c trc tip
Evidence, External Chng c ngoi lai
Evidence, False Ngy chng
Evidence for the defense Bng chng gii ti
Evidence for the prosecution Bng chng buc ti
Evidence, Hearsay Bng chng ng t truyn tng
Evidence, Incompetent Chng c bt kh chp
Evidence, Indirect Chng c gin tip
Evidence, Internal Chng c ni ti
Evidence, Irrefragable Chng c bt kh c tuyt
Evidence, Oral Khu chng
Evidence, Peremptory Chng c gii trch/gii min
Evidence, Presumptive Bng chng bng suy on
Evidence, Primae facie Khi chng
Evidence, Real Chng c vt th
Evidence, Strong Chng c bt kh bc khc
Evidence, Substantial Chng c hin nhin
Evidence, Tangible Chng c c th
Evidence to the contrary Phn chng
Evidence, Written Th chng
Evoke Gi ra ta trn
Examination A formal interrogation: examination of the witness.
Thm vn
Examining magistrate D thm
Examination, Cross Thm vn phi kim
Examination, Direct Trc vn
Examination, Re-cross Ti vn
Examination, Re-direct Ti trc vn
Exception A formal objection taken in the course of an action or a proceeding.
Khc bin

THUT NG PHP L
Exception, Dilatory Khc bin tr hon

Exclude Ngn chn, loi tr, ui ra, bi b; ri phng x
Exclude evidence Suppress evidence
Bi b bng chng
Exclusionary rule A constituitional rule of law which provides that otherwise admissible evidence may not
be used in a criminal trial if it was obtained illegally; it must be applied by a court ruling.
Lut bi b bng chng
Exclusion of witnesses An order of the court requiring all witnesses to remain outside the courtroom until
each is called to testify, except the plaintiff or defendants. The witnesses are ordered not
to discuss their testimony with each other and may be held in contempt if they violate the
order.
Nhn chng phi ch bn ngoi cho n khi no c gi vo.
Exclusive jurisdiction S vic ch c th n ti mt ta m thi
Excusable homicide V st nhn/ phng v chnh ng/ng st
Excuse the jury Yu cu bi thm on ri khi phng x
Executor A person assigned to carry out the provisions of a will
Ngi thc hin di chc
Exhibits Objects submitted as evidence
Chng tch
Exhibit, People`s Chng tch ca nhn dn (hay cng t vin)
Exhibit, State Chng tch ca nhn dn
Exonerating judgment n tuyn co v can; n ra ngoi v
Exoneration of bail Gii ta tin th chn
Ex parte By or for one party only. Ordinarily courts are not allowed to engage in communications
with one party only (ex parte communications). Both parties must be heard from. From or on
one side only, with the other side absent or unrepresented: testified ex parte; an ex parte
hearing
Ch mt bn ng tng m thi.
Expert witness Nhn chng v chuyn mn
Expediency Tnh c li, tnh thit thc; tnh thch hp
Ex post facto Formulated, enacted, or operating retroactively. Used especially of a law.
C hiu lc hi t
Expunction The act of expunging or the condition of being expunged: expunction of the records of
the crime
S bch ha; s xa b
Expunge To completely remove some information from all existing official criminal justice records. A
court order allowing the destruction or sealing of records of minors or adults,
after the passage of a specific period of time or when the person reaches a specified age and
has not committed another offense
Bch ha; xa b; lnh cho hy b hoc nim phong h s.
Extend Tch thu
Extendable C th b tch thu
Extendible C th b tch thu
Extendibility S c th b tch thu
Extent A writ allowing a creditor to assume temporary ownership of a debtor's property. In Great
Britain, a writ allowing a creditor to seize a debtor's property temporarily. The seizure in
execution of such a writ
S tch thu; vn bn tch thu
Extenuating circumstances Unusual factors related to and tending to contribute to the consummation of an illegal
act, but over which the actor had little or no control; these factors herefore, reduce the
responsibility of the actor and serve to mitigate his/her punishment or his/her payment of
damages.
Trng hp gim khinh
Extenuation circumstances Trng hp gim khinh
External Evidence Chng c ngoi lai
Extinguish To settle or discharge (a debt). To nullify: extinguished their title to the property.

THUT NG PHP L
Hy b
Extortion Tng tin
Extradition Legal surrender of a fugitive to the jurisdiction of another state, country, or
government for trial.
S dn
Extrajudicial Outside of the authority of a court.Outside of the usual judicial proceedings
Ngoi php quyn
Extraordinary writ A writ, often issued by an appellate court, making available remedies not regularly
within the powers of lower courts. They include writs of habeas corpus, mandamus,
prohibition and quo warranto.
Lnh khc thng
Extraterritoriality Exemption from local legal jurisdiction, such as that granted to foreign diplomats.
Tr ngoi php quyn
Eyewitness Nhn chng thy tn mt
F
Fair trial X cng minh
Fact D kin
Fact, Accessory after the Tng phm ph tr
Fact, Accessory before the Tng phm xi gic
Fact, Taken in the B bt qu tang
Factors that constitute an offense Thnh t ca mt ti phm
Failure to appear Khng xut ng; khng ra hu ta
Failure to comply S khng tun hnh
Fair hearing Phin iu gii hnh chnh
False arrest Any unlawful physical restraint of another`s liberty, whether in prison or elsewhere.
Bt gi ngi tri php
False evidence Ngy chng
False imprisonment Giam cm tri php
False pretenses Representaion of some fact or circumstance which is not true ans is calculated to
mislead, whereby a person obtains another`s money or goods.
Mo nhn
Family Court Ta Gia nh
Faulty judgment Bn n bt hp cch
Fee simple absolute The most complete, unlimited form of ownership of real property.
Quyn hng dng v chp hu
Fee simple, Property held in Ti sn khng b rng buc/c t do/c th cm c c
Fee simple, Grant in Nhng d vi mi quyn hng dng v chp hu.
Feme covert A married woman.
n b c chng
Feme sole A single woman, whether divorced, widowed, or never married.
n b khng chng
Felonious homicide Ti st nhn c d mu
Felony Ti i hnh; trng ti
Felonious homicide Trng ti git ngi
Ferretta Motion (CA) Request by a defendant to represent himself (in propria persona
Thnh nguyn t bin h
Fiction Something untrue that is intentionally represented as true by the narrator.
S ngh ch
Fiduciary A person who has assumed a special relationship to another person or another person`s
property, such as a trustee, administrator, executor, lawyer, or guardian. The fiduciary

THUT NG PHP L
must exercise the highest degree of care to maintain and preserve the person`s rights
and/or property which are within his/her charge.
Ngi c y thc
Field sobriety test Trc nghim mc tnh to ti ch
Fiscal law Lut thu v
Fifth Amendment Among other rights, the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that a
person cannot be compelled to present self-incriminating testimony in a criminal (or
juvenile) proceeding.
Tu chnh n s 5
File H s; np; np (h s, n)
File a criminal complaint Np khi t lun trng hnh s
File evidence np bng chng
Final judgment n chung cc
Final order One which either terminates the action itself, or decides some matter litigated by
the parties, or operates to divest some right, or one which completely disposes
of the subject matter and the rights of the parties.
n lnh chung quyt
Financial responsibility Trch nhim ti chnh
Find bail Cung np tin bo chng
Find guilty Phn c ti; tuyn b c ti
Finding Kt lun
Fine Court-imposed monetary assesment
Tin pht
Finger image Du tay (chp hnh vi tnh)
Fingerprint Du tay
Firearm Sng
Fiscal law Lut thu v
Fitness hearing A hearing held in Juvenile Court to determine the fitness of a minor for retention
in Juvenile Court, and the minors amenability to Juvenile Court resources. Must be held
before any evidence is heard on a petition for detention. Such a hearing is a prerequisite to
transfer of a minors case to adult court. Also called certification hearing.
Phin x quyt nh chuyn ni v sang ta ngi ln.
Flagrant Conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible : a flagrant miscarriage of Justice:
flagrant cases of wrongdoing at the highest levels of government
Rnh rnh; trng trn
Flagrante delicto In the very act; red-handed
Qu tang; ng trng phm php
Flexible constitution Hin php nhu tnh
Forced oral copulation p buc giao hp bng ming
Forcible entry and detaimer Ordinarily refers to a summary proceeding for restoring possession of land to one who
has been wrongfully deprived of possession.
X giao t li cho ngi b cng ot
Foreclosure A termination of all rights of the morthagor or his grantee in the property covered by the
mortgage
Tch bin; tch thu
Forfeit Tch thu (tin k qy, tin th chn, v. v.)
Forfeiture The concept of forfeiture is used in a variety of settings in the legal system. For example,
property such as an automobile or house that is used in the commission of a crime e.g.,
selling a controlled substance, may be forfeited to the state in a civil proceeding.
S tch bin, tch thu
Forfeiture petition Thnh nguyn tch thu
Forgery Gi mo
Formal probation Probation under the supervision of the Probation Department
Qun ch chnh thc
Fornication Illicit sexual intercourse
Gian dm, thng dm, t dm
THUT NG PHP L
Foster care A form of substitute care, usually in a home licensed by a public agency, for children
whose welfare requires removel from their homes.
S nui dng tr nh ngoi gia nh
Foundation In a trial, a foundation must be laid to establish the basis for the admissibility of certain types
of evidence. For example, an expert witness`s qualifications must be shown before
expert testimony will be admissible.
C s; nn tng.
Fourteenth amendment Among other matters, the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits its states
from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property without adequate due process.
Tu chnh n s 14.
Fourth amendment The 4th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects every person against unreasonable
search and seizure by government officials.
Tu chnh n s 4.
Frame a constitution Son tho hin php
Framers of a constitution Nhng nh tho hin
Fraud S gian ln; khi tr
Fraud and collusion Khi tr v thng ng
G
Gambling nh bc
Garnish To issue legal process for purpose of attaching wages or money
Sai p lng bng hay tin bc
Garnishment A court order to take part of a person`s wages, before he gets them, and apply the amount
taken to pay a debt owed to a creditor.
n lnh sai p mt phn lng tr cho ch n.
General pardon i n x
Give the benefit of the doubt Tha bng v nghi vn, v thiu bng chng
Glue sniffing Ht cht ma ty
Gloss over one`s errors Che y sai lm
Good cause L do chnh ng
Good time Hnh kim tt trong thi gian giam gi
Good time work time Gim hn t do hnh kim tt trong thi gian giam gi
Grand jury i bi thm on .
Grand theft n cp mt mn ln
Grant bail Chp nhn cho bo lnh
Grant in fee simple Nhng d vi mi quyn hng dng v chp hu.
Grievance An actual or supposed circumstance regarded as just cause for protest. A complaint or
protestation based on such a circumstance.
S bt bnh; s co trch
Grievance form Vn mu co trch
Grievance procedure Th tc khng (cc v tranh chp lao ng)
Grievance committee y ban ho gii t tng hnh chnh
Gross crime Trng ti
Gross miscarriage of justice Ti bt khng th l hin nhin
Ground law Lut in a
Grounds Reasons
L do
Guardian A guardian has the authority to consent, on behalf of an infant, child or incompetent, to
marriage, enlistment in the armed forces, or major medical, surgical, or psychiatric
treatment. Included legal custody.
Ngi gim h.
THUT NG PHP L
Guardianship S gim h
Guilt phase Guilt phase and Penalty phase happen ion capital punishment cases. If the guilt phase and
the special circumstances are found to be true by the jury, then the same jury at the penalty
phase determines whether the sentence should be life without the possibility of parole or
death.
Giai on nh ti
Guilty C ti
H
Habeas Corpus Latin phrase meaning `you have the body`. A civil proceeding used to review the legality
of a prisoner`s confinement in criminal cases. Habeas corpus actions are commonly used
as a means of reviewing state or federal criminal convictions. The petitioner alleges the
convictions violated state or federal constitutional rights. State habeas proceedings sart
in state District Court; federal habeas proceedings start in federal District Court. Lower
court decisions may be appealed to appellate courts.
Cu thc thn th
Halfway house Nh tm giam
Harmless error An error committed by a lower court during a trial, but not prejudicial to the rights of the
party and for which the appellate court will not reverse the judgment.
Li lm v hi
Handcuffs Ci cng tay
Harassment S gy phin h; sch nhiu
Hear a case in chambers X cp thm mt v n
Hear appeal from a decision Phc thm mt bn n
Hearing Formal proceeding held before judge or administrative law judge
Phin ta; phin iu gii
Hearing, contested Phin th l khng bin
Hearing de novo A full new hearing
Mt phin x mi y
Hearing, preliminary Phin ta s vn
Hearsay ng t truyn tng
Hearsay evidence Bng chng ng t truyn tng
Hearsay testimony Chng c nghe ni li
Held to answer When a defendant, after the conclusion of a preliminary hearing where probable cause is
found to exist, is ordered to appear in Superior Court to respond to the charges against
him, he is said to have been held to answer in Superior Court.
Ch ra ta Thng Thm
Higher court Ta trn
Highway Code Lut i ng
Hit-and-run Being or involving the driver of a motor vehicle who leaves the scene of an accident,
specially one in which a pedestrian or another vehicle has been struck.
ng ri b chy
Holdup An armed robbery
Cp c v trang
Holographic will A will entirely written, dated and signed by the testator in his/her own handwriting.
Di chc t vit tay
Home detention Qun thc ti gia
Homicide The killing of one person by another. A person who kills another person.
K git ngi; hnh ng git ngi
Homicide by misadventure Ng st
Homicide by misfortune V st nhn
Homicide, Culpable Ti c st
THUT NG PHP L
Homicide, Excusable V st nhn/ phng v chnh ng/ng st

Homicide, Felonious Ti st nhn c d mu
Homicide in self-defense St nhn v phng v chnh ng
Homicide, Justifiable St nhn v nhim v
Homicide, Wilfull Ti c st
Holding cell Ch tm giam ch gii ta
Hostile witness Also called adverse witness
Ngi chng khng thn thin
Hung jury A jury whose members (jorors) cannot reconcile their differences of opinion and
which therefore, cannot reach a verdict, and cannot decide whether the accused
is guilty or not guilty of the charge or charges against him/her.
Bi thm on khng nht tr quyt nh;bi thm on b
b tc.
Hypothetical question A form of question generally used for expert witnesses. The examiner states a factual
foundation (often based on disputed facts) and ask the expert to draw conclusions based
on the hypothetical foundation. The hypothetical question includes only facts already in
evidence.
Cu hi gi thit
I
Illegal Illicit, unlawful
Bt hp php
Illegal imprisonment Giam cm tri php
Illegitimate child Con t sinh/ngoi hn/ngoi sinh
Illicit intercourse Thng dm ngoi hn
Immigration Court Ta n di tr
Immunity Exemption from a charge or penalty. Abbr. immun.Exemption from normal legal duties,
penalties, or liabilities, granted to a special group of people: legislative immunity.
Exemption from legal prosecution, often granted a witness in exchange for self-incriminating
testimony.
Quyn c min ti phn; s min t
Immunity from distraint S bt kh sai p
Immunity, Diplomatic Quyn c min ngoi giao
Immunity, Parliamentary Quyn c min ngh s
Immovable property Bt ng sn
Immovables Property that cannot be moved; real property.
Bt ng sn
Impanel To enroll (a jury) upon a panel or list
Lp danh sch bi thm on
Impanelment of jurors Selection and swearing in of jurors. Listing of those for a particular jury.
Tuyn chn v tuyn th bi thm on
Impeach To make an accusation against. To charge (a public official) with improper conduct in
office before a proper tribunal Word History: Nothing hobbles a President so much as
impeachment, and there is an etymological as well as procedural reason for this. The
word impeach can be traced back through Anglo-Norman empecher to Late Latin impedic?
re, to catch, entangle, from Latin pedica, fetter for the ankle, snare. Thus we find that
Middle English empechen, the ancestor of our word, means such things as to cause to get
stuck fast, hinder or impede, interfere with, and criticize unfavorably. A legal sense
of empechen is first recorded in this sense, which had reviously developed in Old French,
was to accuse, bring charges against. A further
development of the sense had specific reference to Parliament and its formal accusation of
treason or other high crimes, a process that the United States borrowed from the British.
Although we have used it rarely at the federal level, impeachment stands as the ultimate
snare for those who would take advantage of the public trust.
Co t; buc ti; n hc
Impeachment of witness The calling into question of the veracity of a witness by means of evidence offered for
that purpose or by showing that the witness is unworthy of belief.
THUT NG PHP L
D ngh s kh tn ca nhn chng, bt tn nhim nhn chng

Imposing of sentence Sentence shall be imposed without reasonable delay. Before imposing sentence, the court
shall afford counsel an opportunity to speak on behalf of the defendant and shall address
the defenfant personally and ask him if he wishes to make statement in his own behalf
and to present any information in mitigation of punishment. The attorney for the
government shall have an equivalent opportunity to speak to the court.
Tuyn n
Imprison To put in or as if in prison; confine
Cu giam; cm t
Imprisonment, Ordinary Pht giam vi cnh
Imprisonment in the first division Pht giam vi cnh
Imprisonment, Rigorous Pht giam tiu hnh
Imprisonment in the second division
Pht giam tiu hnh
Imprisonment, False Giam cm tri php
Imprisonment, Illegal Giam cm tri php
Imprisonment for debt Cu thc thn th v thiu n
Inadmissible information Incompetent information -Information which is also unreliable, it cannot be admitted
under the established rules of evidence.
Khng th chp nhn c
In camera In a judge`s chambers; in private
X trong phng chnh n; x kn.
In camera hearing Phin x tin hnh trong phng chnh n thay v phng x n.
Incapacitate To make legally ineligible; disqualify
Lm mt t cch; lm cho khng c t cch; tc quyn
Incarceration Imprisonment; confinement in a jail or penitentiary
Giam gi; cm c
Incest Sexual relations between persons who are so closely related that their marriage is illegal
or forbidden by custom.The statutory crime of sexual relations with such a near relative.
Lon lun; ti lon lun lut nh
Inchoate In an initial or early stage; incipient
V ton
Inchoate crime Ti phm v ton
Incinerate Ho tng; thiu thnh tro
Incineration S ho tng; s thiu thnh tro
Incinerator L ho tng; l thiu
Incoherent (Ni) lm nhm, khng mch lc, khng n nhp vo u.
Incompetent evidence Chng c bt kh chp
Incompetent information Inadmissible information -Information which is also unreliable, it cannot be admitted
under the established rules of evidence.
Khng th chp nhn c
Incriminate Buc ti, quy ti
Incumbent L phn s ca; pha trn, ln
Indecent exposure Cng xc tu s; phi by l liu (thn th)
Indenture deed Chng th a phng
Indeterminate sentence Indeterminate sentence of imprisonment, within a specified range (e.g. `5 to life`)
with the Board of Pardons later determining the exact term to be served.
n t v k hn
Indictment A formal written accusation, drawn up and submitted under oath to a grand jury by the
Attorney General or a district attorney, charging one or more persons with a crime; the
grand jury must determine whether the person or persons named should be prosecuted for
the crime charged, in which case the indictment is endorsed by the foreman of the grand
jury as a True Bill.
Cng t trng; bn co trng (ca i Bi Thm on)
Indigent Ngho kh
THUT NG PHP L
Indirect evidence Chng c gin tip

Infant A person under the legal age of majority; a minor.
V thnh nin
Informant im ch vin
Information The first paper filed in criminal prosecution which states the crime of which the defendant
accused.
Co trng; khi t lnh trng
Infraction A breach, violation, or infringement; as of law , a contract, a right or duty. A violation of
a statute for which the only sentence authorized is a fine and which violation is expressly
degninated as an infraction.
Vi cnh
Inheritance The act of inheriting. Something inherited or to be inherited
S tha k/di k; di sn
Inheritance, Linear S tha k trc h
Inheritance, Right of Quyn tha k
Injunction A court order prohibiting a party from a specific course of action.
n lnh cm hnh
Inmate T nhn
In loco parentis In the place of the parent; refers to actions of a custodian, guardian or other person
acting in the parents place.
Vic gim h.
Innocent until proven guilty c coi l v ti cho n khi b chng minh l c ti.
Insanity in
Institute for Preservation of the Constitution
Vin Bo Hin
Insurance Law Lut bo him
International Law Quc t php
Intent State of mind when performing an act
nh
Inter alia Among other things
Trong s cc s vic khc
Intercourse Thng dm
Intercourse, Illicit Thng dm ngoi hn
Intercourse, Adulterous Gian thng; gian dm
Interject Bng xen vo
Interlocutory appeal An appeal to an appellate court of a temporary or provisional order of a trial court. The
appellate court is not required to hear the appeal.
Khng n v n lnh tm thi.
Interlocutory judgment n trung phn/tin thm
Interlocutory order An order which does not decide the cause, but only settles some intervening
matter relating to it.
n lnh tm thi
Intermediate Appellate Court To Khng n Trung gian
Internal evidence Chng c ni ti
International Seamen`s Code Qui ch quc t v thy th
Interrogatories In the discovery phase of civil litigation, these written questions are submitted by one
party to another party and must be answered in writing under oath.
Cc cu hi.
Interstate compact A contract between member states to supervise juveniles on probation or parole, and to
return delinquent juveniles who have escaped or nondelinquent juveniles who have run
away from one state to another.
Hp ng gia cc tiu bang.
Intervention A proceeding in a civil suit by which a third person is permitted by the court to join as a
party to the suit.

THUT NG PHP L
Can thip.
Intestate Having made no legal will: an intestate parent. Not disposed of by a legal will: intestate
lands.One who dies without a legal will.
Khng c li di chc; ngi cht khng li di chc
Introduce To formally place before the court so that it will become part of the record for consideration
by the judge and jury.
Trnh by trc ta
Instruction A direction given by the judge to the jury concerning the law to be applied in the case.
Hun th ca chnh n cho bi thm on.
Investigating magistrate D thm
Investigation S iu tra
Involuntary manslaughter Ng st
Irrefragable evidence Chng c bt kh c tuyt
Irrelevant evidence Evidence not sufficiently related to the matter in issue.
Bng chng khng thch hp.
J
Jail Nh giam; lao x (ti tiu hnh)
Jargon The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. To speak
in or use jargon
Ting lng; n ng; b ng
Jargon , Lawyer`s B ng php nh
Join To concur
ng ; ph ho vi
Joint and several liability Trch nhim lin i
Joyriding Li xe khng c php ca ch nhn
Judge Chnh n; quan ta
Judge bench Thm phn on; Ta n
Judge in chambers Thm phn cp thm
Judge Pro Tem Commissioner
D thm
Judge without appeal X chung thm
Judge with possible appeal X s thm
Judgment Also judgement A determination of a court of law; a judicial decision. A
court act creating or affirming an obligation, such as a debt. A writ in witness of such an
act.
n; n vn
Judgment absolute n bt kh ci hi
Judgment adjourned for further consultation of judges
n ngh thm
Judgment ad interim n vn tm thi
Judgment, Adjudicative n tuyn nhn
Judgment affecting a third party n cng hiu
Judgment, Affirmative n xc nhn/y nhn

Judgment after trial n i tch
Judgment, Appealable n s thm
Judgment at law n vn c quyt tng lc
Judgment by default n khuyt tch
Judgment, Cautionary n lnh sai p bo ton
Judgment, Contentious n phn tng
THUT NG PHP L
Judgment, Contradictory n i tch

Judgment, Declaratory n tuyn nhn
Judgment delivered from the bench n ta thm/tc thm
Judgment, Enforceable n chp hnh
Judgment, Estoppel by n tiu quyn
Judgment, Exonerating n tuyn co v can; n ra ngoi v
Judgment, Final n chung cc
Judgment given against defaulting plaintiff
n nguyn n khuyt tch
Judgment in absence n khuyt tch
Judgment in civil matters n dn s
Judgment in contumacy n khuyt tch
Judgment in disputed matters n phn tng
Judgment, Interlocutory n trung phn/tin thm
Judgment modified on the facts n ti thm v thc im
Judgment modified on the law n ti thm v lut im
Judgment of record n chng nhn
Judgment of the court of appeal Phc ngh ca to thng thm
Judgment on documentary evidence n chiu vn kin
Judgment on the merits n x v ni dung
Judgment on request to stay in execution by condemned defaulter
n hu khng
Judgment under appeal n vn b khng co
Judgment, Preparatory n d phn
Judgment, Provisionally enforceable n vn chp hnh v nht b
Judgment under appeal n b khng co
Judgment in undisputed matters n phi tng
Judgment, Voluntary n phi tng
Judgment without appeal n chung thm
Judgment with possibility of appeal n s thm
Judge advocate y vin chnh ph cnh ta n qun s
Judge Advocate General Chnh n ta n qun s
Judgment The official decision of a court disposing of a case.
Phn quyt.
Judgment lien Quyn gi th n theo phn quyt ca to n
Judgment by Default n khuyt tch
Jump bail Colloquial expression meaning to abscond, withdraw, or secret one`s self, in violation of
the obligation of a bail bond.
Trn trnh php lut
Jurisdiction The power to hear and determine or decide cases; jurisdiction may be over subject matters or
over parties; also used to refer to a particular legal system, as in `the law varies
in different jurisdictions` and in the sense of territory, as in `within the jurisdiction of
State X`.
Thm quyn ti phn; php ch; lnh th
Jurisprudence Formal study of the principles on which legal rules are based and the means by which
judges guide their decision making.
Lut hc
Juror Bi thm vin
Juror, Alternate Bi thm vin ph khuyt
Jury charge Hun th cho bi thm on
Jury box Bi thm i
Jury commissioner An officer charged with the duty of selecting the names to be put into a jury wheel, or of
drawing the panel of jurors for a particular term of court.

THUT NG PHP L
y vin ph trch bi thm on

Jury instructions Statement made by the judge to the jury informing them of the law applicable to the case
in general or some aspect of it.
Hun th cho bi thm on
Jury, Hung A jury whose members (jorors) cannot reconcile their differences of opinion and which
therefore, cannot reach a verdict, and cannot decide whether the accused is guilty or not
guilty of the charge or charges against him/her.
Bi thm on khng nht tr ,b tc.
Jury foreman Bi thm trng
Jury panel Bi thm on
Jury trial Phin ta x c bi thm on
Justice court Administrative court
Ta n hnh chnh
Justice of the Peace A magistrate of the lowest level of certain state court systems, having authority to act
upon minor offenses, commit cases to a higher court for trial, perform marriages, and
administer oaths.
Ta Ha Gii
Justifiable homicide St nhn v nhim v
Juvenile Thiu nhi
Juvenile Court Ta V thnh nin; ta n thiu nhi
Juvenile Hall To Thiu Nhi
K
Kidnapping Bt cc
Knowledge Carnal knowledge.
Thng dm
Knowledge, Carnal Sexual intercourse.
Thng dm
Knowledge, Unlawful Gian dm; gian thng
L
Labor Court Ta n Lao ng
Lack of foundation Thiu c s
Land certificate Trch lc a b
Land Court Ta n in a
Land in abeyance t v tha nhn
Lapsed No longer active or practicing: a lapsed Catholic; a lapsed club member.
Tht quyn; tht hiu
Lapsed legacy S di tng tht hiu
Larceny The unlawful taking and removing of another's personal property with the
intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft.
Ti n cp; o thit
Larceny, Petty S trm vt
Larceny, Simple o thit thng, khng c trng hp gia trng
Law A set of rules or principles dealing with a specific area of a legal system: tax law;
criminal law.
Lut
Law adjective o lut ph (Adjective law)
THUT NG PHP L
Law and motion A setting before a judge at which time a variety of motions, pleas, sentencings, orders to
show cause or procedural requests may be presented. Normally, evidence is not taken.
Defendants must be present.
Phn trnh giy t v thnh nguyn.
Law in abeyance, o lut khng em thi hnh
Law, Administrative Lut hnh chnh
Law, Admiralty Lut hng hi
Law, Air Lut khng trung
Law, Civil Lut h; dn lut
Law, Codified Lut in ch
Law, Coercive Lut cng ch
Law, Common Thng php; thng lut
Law, Comparative Lut i chiu
Law, Constitiutional Lut hin php
Law, Corporation Lut cng ty
Law, Criminal Lut hnh; hnh lut
Law, Customary Tc l php
Law, Fiscal Lut thu v
Law, Ground Lut in a
Law, Insurance Lut bo him
Law, International Quc t php
Law, Labor Lut lao ng
Law, Lynch Lut cng chng gia hnh
Law, Maritime Lut hng hi
Law, Martial Qun lut
Law, Navigation Lut hng hi
Law of contract Lut ngha v
Law of equity Lut cng bng
Law of nations Quc t php
Law, Positive Thc ti php
Law, Private international T php quc t; lut phn tranh
Law, Public international Cng php quc t
Law, Public Cng php
Law, Statutory Lut thnh vn
Law, Substantive Thc ti php
Lawful age Tui thnh nin
Lawful child Con chnh thc
Lawsuit V kin
Leading question A question asked of a testifying witness phrased in such a way that it suggests the answer
the witness is to give.
Cu hi gi
Lease Thu di hn; kh c thu di hn
Legal status T cch php nhn
Legal year Calendar year
Nm lch
Legislative year Nm ban hnh o lut
Legitimate child Con chnh thc
Letter of attorney Giy y quyn
Levy A seizure; the obtaining of money by legal process through seizure and sale of property.
Sai p
Lewd conduct Hnh x dm
Liability A legal responsibility, obligation, or debt.
Trch nhim (dn s)
THUT NG PHP L
Libel Ph bng trn sch bo

Lie detector My pht hin li ni di
Lien The right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor as security or payment for a
debt or duty. A claim against property for payment of a debt. Common types of liens
include the mechanic`s lien, the judgment lien, and the mortgage lien.
Quyn gi ( th n cho n khi tr ht n); c quyn; u
quyn; quyn lu tr; quyn in p.
Lien holder Ngi c quyn gi th n
Lien, Mechanic`s Quyn lu tr ca ngi th my
Life imprisonment T chung thn
Limited divorce S ly thn
Linear inheritance S tha k trc h
Line-up Xp hng cc nghi can nhn dng
Lis pendens A pending suit
Mt v kin ang ch ra ta
Litigant A party to a lawsuit; one engaged in litigation
Ngi kin
Litigation Tranh tng; kin tng
Locus delicti The place of the offence
Phm trng
Lodge an appeal n khng co
Loitering i la c; i lng vng
Low term Mitigated term
Mc x pht thp
Lower court Ta di
Lynch law Lut cng chng gia hnh
Lynching m ng tn cng ngi
M
Magistrate A civil officer with power to administer and enforce law, as: a. A local member
of the judiciary having limited jurisdiction, especially in criminal cases. b. A minor official,
such as a justice of the peace, having administrative and limited judicial authority. A judicial
officer having some but not all the powers of a judge
Thm phn
Magistrate`s court Ta S Thm ( trong h thng lin bang)
Magistrate, Examining D thm
Magistrate, Investigating D thm
Magistrate, Police court Thm phn ho gii
Magna Charta Magna Carta or Magna Charta The charter of English political and civil liberties granted
by King John at Runnymede in June 1215. A document or piece of legislation that serves as
a guarantee of basic rights.
i Hin chng
Make one`s abode at Tuyn nh c s ti
Malfeasance Misconduct or wrongdoing, especially by a public official
Hnh vi phm ti; s lm th; c t
Malice c ; c
Malicious mischief Tinh nghch c c
Malicious prosecution A meritless (civil or criminal) action instituted solely to harass the defendant. Such
misuse of the judicial process may be the basis for an action against the original
plaintiff/prosecutor.
Truy t c c
Malpractice S xut v ngh nghip; cu th v ngh nghip
THUT NG PHP L
Mandamus A writ by which a court commands the performance of a particular act.

n lnh
Mandatory A sentence that a court is required by law to impose for some offenses or on certain
offenders.
n theo lnh
Manslaughter Ti git ngi
Manslaughter, involuntary Ti ng st
Manslaughter, voluntary Ti c st khng c d mu
Maritime Law, Lut hng hi
Marriage certificate Trch lc gi th
Marsden motion (CA) Motion made by the defendant asking the court to removed appointed counsel from the
case and to appoint counsel.
Thnh nguyn thay th lut s ch nh.
Marshall Qun trng; cnh st trng; cnh li
Martial Court Ta n Qun s
Martial law Qun lut
Material Quan trng
Material evidence Bng chng quan trng
Material witness Nhn chng quan trng
Mayhem Ti c hy hoi vnh vin thn th nn nhn
Mechanic`s lien Quyn gi xe ca ngi th my
Mens rea Literally, `guilty mind`. The intent required to commit the crime. One of the two basic
requirements, along with the guilty act (actus reus) which constitute a crime.
nh phm ti.
Mediation ng trung gian
Member of the bar Lut s ti ta
Mental health Sc khe tm thn
Metropolitan court Ta n th
Mid term Mc x pht trung bnh
Military Court Ta n Qun s
Miranda Rule Miranda Warning
Li cnh gic v quyn ca nghi can
Misdemeanor Criminal offenses less serious than felonies, sanctioned by less severe penalties;
generally distinguished from felonies by the duration or place of imprisonment and the
general severity of the possible or actual punishment; the maximum sentence for
misdemeanors may only be a fine up to $500 or a term in the county jail up to a year, or
both.
Ti tiu hnh
Misdemeanor drunk driving Violation of Vehicle Code 23102: driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs or
combination thereof; commonly referred to as deuce.
Ti say ru li xe
Mistrial Mt phin x bt thnh
Mitigated term Low term
Mc x pht nh
Mitigating Gim khinh
Mitigating circumstance A circumstance which may be considered to reduce the degree of moral culpability,
although it does not entirely justify or excuse an offense.
Trng hp gim khinh.
Mixed action T quyn hn hp
Modification S thay i
Modus vivendi A temporary agreement between contending parties pending a final settlement.
Tha hip n; tm c cng tn
Monogamy The practice or condition of being married to only one person at a time. The practice of
marrying only once in a lifetime.

THUT NG PHP L
Ch n hn/c hn
Monogyny The practice or condition of having only one wife at a time.Ch n th/c th
Mortmain Perpetual ownership of real estate by institutions such as churches that cannot
transfer or sell it.
S bt dch sn
Moot point A moot point is one that need not be decided, due to change of circumstances.
im cn tho lun
Moral turpitude Conduct contrary to honesty or good morals
Hnh vi tin
Mortgage lien Quyn gi ti sn th chp
Motion An oral or written application to the court, requesting an order or rule in favor of the
applicant; examples: motion to squash , motion to annul or set aside or make void, motion
to dismiss, motion to terminate prosecution before finishing a trial or proceeding, motion to
suppress evidence illegally obtained, et cetera. Motions may be known by the name of the
precedent case establishing the need (e.g. Marsden Motion) or by the code section they are
based on (e.g. 995 Motion). These names vary from one jurisdiction to another.
Thnh nguyn; kin ngh
Motion denied Thnh nguyn b bc
Motion for a change of venue Thnh nguyn chuyn ta
Motion for continuance Thnh nguyn di ngy x
Motion for discovery Thnh nguyn thng tri h s v n
Motion for severance of offenses Motion requesting separation of offenses because of prejudicial effect on defendant.
Thnh nguyn x tch bit cc ti .
Motion for severance of defendants A motion requesting separate trials for two or more defendants jointly charged with the
same offense.
Thnh nguyn x tch bit cc b can cng trong mt v n.
Motion granted Thnh nguyn c chp thun
Motion in limine Motion that can be made right before a trial begins outside the presence of the jury.
These motions are made to prevent the prosecutor from presenting certain evidence
because its prejudicial effect outweighs its probative value
Thnh nguyn cng t b mt bng chng v l do gy thin kin.
Motion to ammend the complaint Thnh nguyn tu chnh co trng
Motion to consolidate Request permitting the consolidation of a series of crimes committed in any one jurisdiction
into one complaint/information.
Thnh nguyn cho kt hp nhiu v n thnh mt v m thi.
Motion to continue Motion for continuance - A request to adjourn or postpone an action or proceeding in a
court until some future date.
Thnh nguyn nh hon li
Motion to discover The disclosure by a litigant of facts, titles, documents, or other things which are in his
exclusive knowledge or possession, and which are necessary to the party or to be brought
in another court, or as evidence of his rights or title in such proceedings.
Thnh nguyn buc bn i phng phi a ra cc chng c m
h th c.
Motion to dismiss A request to dismiss the case altogether
Thnh nguyn bi b ton b v n
Motion to exclude evidence Motion to suppress evidence
Thnh nguyn bc b bng chng thu thp bng nhng phng
cch bt hp php.
Motion to suppress evidence ( Section 1538.5 Penal Code)
A motion to suppress evidence obtained by illegal means under Section 1538.5 PC.
Thnh nguyn bc b bng chng thu thp bng nhng phng
cch bt hp php.
Motion to determine present sanity A request made by a judge or defense counsel at any time prior or during a trial for a
hearing to ascertain defendant`s present mental capabilities.
Thnh nguyn xt xem kh nng tm thn hin ti ca b can
Motion to exclude witnesses A request made by a judge, defense counsel or prosecution during a court hearing or trial

THUT NG PHP L
to exclude witnesses from the courtroom after they have testified. he primary purpose for
this is to prevent witnesses from trying to corroborate the testimony of other witnesses
irrespective of truth.
Thnh nguyn a nhn chng ra khi phng x sau khi lm
chng xong.
Motion to appoint expert witnesses A request made to appoint persons with skills, training or knowledge of a subject who
will be able to testify in court by answering specific questions relating to the subject.
Thnh nguyn c nhn chng v chuyn mn.
Motion for diversion A request to hold a hearing based on the probation department`s report to determine if a
defendant should be diverted for education, treatment and rehabilitation.
Thnh nguyn cho b can c hc hnh, tr bnh v phc hi
chc nng.
Motion to name attorney In cases with indigent defendant where conflict of interest is declared by public defender.
Thnh nguyn cng c lut s
Motion, Ferretta Motion made by a defendant to represent himself; also motion by defendant to proceed
in propia persona.
Thnh nguyn xin c t bin h.
Motion to reduce bail Thnh nguyn xin gim tin th chn
Motion to disqualify judge for cause Thnh nguyn bi min thm phn c ni l do
Motion of prejudice against judge Thnh nguyn bi min thm phn v thin kin
Motion for revocation of probation Thnh nguyn thu hi ti ngoi
Motion for a directed verdict A motion asking the court to direct the jury that there is only one possible verdict and
that the verdict is a verdict in favor of the defendant.
Thnh nguyn ta n ch th cho bi thm on trc khi bnh
quyt.
Motion for judgment N.O.V.,(non obstante veredictum, notwithstanding the verdict) : A motion asking the
court to ender a judgment different from the jury`s verdict.
Thnh nguyn ta tuyn n khc vi bnh quyt ca bi thm
on.
Mug shot Informal.A photograph of a person's face, especially one made for police files
Hnh chp cc nghi can ( ti Ty Cnh St )
Multiplicity of actions Numerous and unnecessary attempts to litigate the same issue
Kin nhiu ln cng mt vn
Municipal court Ta n th x, ta n thnh ph
Murder Felonious homicide, First Degree manslaughter
Ti c st
Murder in the First Degree An unlawful killing that is willful, deliberate and premeditated; also includes the
category of felony murder.
Ti c st c d mu
Murder in the Second Degree The unlawful killing of another with malice aforethought but without deliberation and
premeditation.
Ti c st khng d mu
N
Narrative When a witness tells a story rather than responding point by point to specific questions.
K chuyn dng di thay v tr li thng vo cc im c th ca
cu hi.
Navigation Law Lut hng hi
Ne exeat A writ which forbids the person to whom it is addressed to leave the country, the state or
the jurisdiction of the court
n lnh ngn cm khng cho ra khi tiu bang hay khu vc thm
quyn ca ta n.
THUT NG PHP L
Negative easement Quyn a dch tiu cc

Neglected child a tr b b ri, khng c dy d, khng c chm sc
Negligence S l nh; s xut; chnh mng.
Negociated sentence Bn n c thng thuyt
Night court A criminal court holding sessions at night for routine disposition of charges and granting
of bail.
Ta m
No bill This phrase, endorsed by a grand jury on an indictment, means that. In the opinion of the
jury, evidence was insufficient to warrant the return of a formal charge.
Khng bng c co buc.
No contest Nolo contendere
Khng chi ti
No-fault divorce Ly hn khng do li ca ai c
Nolle prosequi A declaration that the plaintiff in a civil case or the prosecutor in a criminal case will
drop prosecution of all or part of a suit or an indictment. A formal entry upon the record
by the palintiff in a civil suit, or the prosecuting officer in a crimial cade,declaring the
case will not be prosecuted.
Bi ni; ph b truy t
Nolo Contendere (Latin) Ì do not wish to contest, to fight, or to maintain (a defense).` It is a statement that
a defendant will not contend a charge made against him/her; the plea of nolo contendere
s equivalent to a plea of guilty for the purposes of a criminal matter, but it cannot be used
against the defendant in any civil litigation.
Nhn ti
Nominal party One who is joined as a party of defendant merely because the technical rules of pleading require his
presence in the record.
Ch ra ta cho c tn m thi.
Non-appearance Failure of a defendant to appear in an action. Failure of a witness or party to appear in
response to a subpoena or notice.
Khng ra hu to
Non compos mentis Not of sound mind; insane
Khng tnh tr; in lon
Noncustodial Not having custody of one's children after a divorce or separation: a noncustodial parent
Khng c quyn gim h
Nonsuit A judgment against a plaintiff for failure to prosecute the case or to introduce sufficient
evidence. To render a judgment of nonsuit against (a plaintiff).
S bc n nguyn co; bc n nguyn co
Non-responsive An answer that fails to address the question posed.
Cu tr li khng nhm vo cu hi c t ra.
Notice Information or written warning to a person communicating to him/her some judicial
proceeding which involves his/her interests or informing him/her of some facts which
he/she should know.
Thng bo
No time waiver (Usually referring to trials) There are statutory rules that determine when a case must be
brought to trial (Constitutional Right to a speedy and public trial). In misdemeanor cases
the defendant must be brought to trial within 30 days after arraignment (if he is in
custody) and within 45 days after arraignment (if he is not in custody). In felony cases,
the defendant must be brought to trial 60 days after the filing of the information. A no
time waiver case is a case where a defendant exercises his right to a speedy and public
trial.
Quyn c em ra x trong thi gian nhanh nht
Not guilty Khng c ti ; v ti
Not guilty by reason of insanity The jury or the judge must determine that the defendant, because of mental disease or
defect, could not form the intent required to commit the offense.
V ti v l do in lon
Not guilty plea Complete denial of guilt. In criminal cases, a necessary stage of the proceedings required
to preserve all legal issues.
Bin minh g ti
Null and void V hiu
THUT NG PHP L
O
Oath Li tuyn th; li th
Object Phn i
Objection Formal protestation to the other party`s assertion or evidence .
S phn i ( lun c, bng chng ca i phng)
Objection overruled Li phn i b bc b
Objection sustained Li phn i c chp nhn
Obligee One to whom another is bound by contract or legal agreement.
Ngi nhn giao c; ngi ch n
Obligor One who binds oneself to another by contract or legal agreement
Ngi giao c; ngi mc n
Of counsel A phrase commonly applied to counsel employed to assist in the preparation or management
of the case, or its prsentation on appeal, but who is not the principal
attorney for the party.
Lut s ph t
Offender K phm php
Offense Violation of law
Ti phm; s vi phm
Offenses not commutable by fine Ti phm bt kh hon bng tin pht
Offer of proof ngh trnh bng chng
Official year Legal year; calendar year
Nm lch
Open arrest Khinh cm
Open verdict Bn tuyn n khng nu r tn ca th phm
Opening statement A speech or presentation made by each attorney to the judge outlining the facts which
he/she intends to try to prove during the trial.
Li bin h m u
Opinion evidence Witnesses are normally required to confine their testimony to statements of fact and are
ot allowed to give their opinions in court. However, if a witness is qualified as an expert
n a particular field, he or she may be allowed to state an opinion as an expert based on
certain facts.
Dng kin ring lm bng chng
Oral copulation Giao hp bng ming
Oral evidence Khu chng
Order, court n lnh
Order, Final One which either terminates the action itself, or decides some matter litigated by the
parties, or operates to divest some right, or one which completely disposes of the subject
matter and the rights of the parties.
n lnh chung quyt
Order, Interlocutory An order which does not decide the cause, but only settles some intervening matter
relating to it.
n lnh tm thi
Order to show cause Court order requiring a party to appear and show cause why the court should not take a
particular course of action. If the party fails to appear or to give sufficient reasons why the
court should take no action, the court will take the action. In criminal cases, the defendant
must show why probation should not be revoked.
Lnh ta i trnh by nguyn nhn.
Ordinance Lut a phng
Ordinary imprisonment Imprisonment in the first division
Pht giam vi cnh
Original jurisdiction The court in which a matter must first be filed.

THUT NG PHP L
Ta th l
Orphan A child whose parents are dead. A child who has been deprived of parental care and has
not been adopted.
Tr m ci
Orphans` Court ( Pa) Surrogate Court, Probate Court
Ta n Di chc; Di sn; Tha k; Gim H
Overact Hnh vi biu l
Overrule Bc b
Own recognizance O.R.
T ha s ra hu ta
P
Pandering Lm ma-c; dt gi im
Paralegal Of, relating to, or being a person with specialized training who assists an attorney
Ph t php l
Parcenary Joint inheritance or heirship of property. Also called parcener
S tha k chung
Parcener Also called coparcenary
Ngi cng tha k
Pardon Action by an official of an executive branch of government relieving a criminal from
conviction.
Bi ti
Parent Infant Trauma Syndrome P.I.T.S. Physical condition of a child indicating that external or internal injuries result
from acts committed by a parent or custodian. Also termed Battered child syndrome B.C.S
Hi chng b nh p ni em b
Parliamentary immunity Quyn c min ngh s
Parole Phng thch trc hn .
Partial verdict In criminal law, a verdict by which the jury acquits the defendant as to a part of the
accusation and finds him guilty as to the residue.
S tuyn n c ti mt phn
Party In a judicial proceeding, a litigant (plaintiff or petitioner on one side, defendant or
respondent on the other side); a person directly interested in the subject matter of a case.
Bn tranh tng
Paternity Ph t h
Part-time release Permission given to a convicted offender or a junenile in custody to spend part of his
time in the community to learn a skill or to study, although the rest must be spent in jail
or in a correctional facility.
Tm thch mt phn thi gian hun ngh.
Penal servitude Hnh pht kh sai
Penal servitude for life Kh sai chung thn
Penal settlement Tri pht lu
Penalty Hnh pht
Penalty assessment Pht v km theo hnh pht
Pending ang tin hnh
Penitentiary Nh t, khn ng, tri giam
People (prosecution) Nhn dn ( cng t )
People vs.__________ Nhn dn k.__________
People`s burden of proof In criminal cases, the prosecution bears the burden of proof. The prosecution must
establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of the crime he has been
charged with.
Gnh nng bng chng v pha cng t
People`s exhibit Chng tch ca nhn dn (hay cng t vin)
THUT NG PHP L
Peremptory challenge c quyn bi min; khc bin quyt tuyt

Peremptory defense Khng bin v ni dung
Peremptory evidence Chng c gii trch/gii min
Peremptory writ Trt i ch thn hu to; trt i ch thn xut nh
Perjury Lm chng gian; khai gian
Perjury subordination A crime consisting of the procurement of another to commit perjury.
Ti man khai
Permanent resident Thng tr nhn
Personal action T quyn ng sn
Personal action at law T quyn i nhn
Personal claim Tri quyn ng sn
Personal File Number P.F.N. Number given by the police when a person is arrested. It corresponds to the
person`s fingerprints.
S h s cnh st
Personal (own) recognizance T ha s ra hu ta
Personate To assume the identity of, with intent to deceive
Gi danh; mo danh
Pertinent Thch hp, thch ng, ng ch
Petit jury Ordinary trial jury, whose function is to determine issues of fact in civil and criminal
cases and to reach a verdict in conjunction with those findings. While the number of
jurors has historically been twelve , many states now permit six member juries in civil
cases, and some states permit six member juries to hear criminal cases as well.
Bi thm on
Petition Formal request for an order. Ask, request.
S cu xin ; n xin. Thnh nguyn; kin ngh
Petitioner Nguyn n, nguyn co
Petitory action T quyn s hu
Petty larceny S trm vt
Petty theft n cp vt
P.F.N. Personal File Number.Number given by the police when a person is arrested. It corresponds
to the person`s fingerprints.
S h s cnh st
Pimping Lm ma-c; dt gi im
Place of abode C s
Plaintiff The one who initially brings the suit to a court or who asks that a particular person be
prosecuted for a violation of law; he/she may also be called the moving party or the
petioner.
Nguyn n, nguyn co
Plea Plead, enter a plea .The defendant response to a criminal charge (guilty, not guilty or
nolo contendere)
Khai v ti trng
Plea at bar Khc bin quyt tuyt; khng chp
Plea-bargain To make an agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge and the
prosecutor in return drops more serious charges.
iu nh hon ti
Plea bargaining The process whereby the accused, usually through his/her attorney, and the prosecutor
negociate a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case; plea negotiations can center
around the defendant`s pleading guilty to a lesser offense, or to only one or some of the
counts in a multi-count indictment or information; in return, the defendant seeks to
obtain concessions as to the type or length of his/her sentence or reduction of accounts
against him/her; however, such agreements do not bind the court which has discretion as
to whether to accept the plea and its attendant bargain or not..
iu nh hon ti
Plea of guilty A confession of guilt in open court
Th ti trc ta
Plea of nolo contendere One which has the same effect as plea of guilty in so far as regards the proceedings on

THUT NG PHP L
the indictment and it is a confession for the purpose of the criminal prosecution and does
not bind the defendant in a civil suit for the same wrong.
ty ta xt x
Pleadings Statements, in logical and legal form, of the facts which constitute plaintiff`s cause of
action and defendant`s ground of defense.
L on; bin minh trng; li bin h
Plural marrige The condition or practice of having more than one spouse at one time. Also called
polygamy
Ch a hn
Points and Authorities Statutes or cases cited to justify a legal conclusion.
Cc im php l v n l
Police court Police Magistrate.An inferior court having the power to prosecute minor criminal offenses
and to hold for trial persons charged with more serious offenses
To vi cnh
Police court magistrate Thm phn ho gii
Polygamy The condition or practice of having more than one spouse at one time. Also called plural
marriage.
Ch a hn
Polygraph My trc nghim ni di
Polygyny The condition or practice of having more than one wife at one time.
Ch a th
Positive law Thc ti php
Possessory action T quyn chp hu
Possession Refers to unlawful possession of narcotics or controlled dangerous drugs or marijuana.
Oa tr
Possession of drugs Oa tr cht ma ty
Possessory action T quyn chp hu
Posthumous child Con di phc; mt sinh t
Postmortem examination Examination of a cadaver to determine or confirm the cause of death. Also called
necropsy, postmortem, autopsy.
S khm nghim t thi
Postponement S nh hon
Power of attorney Quyn y nhim
Prejudice Bias or preconceived opinion
Thnh kin
Preliminary hearing The prceeding in municipal court on felony charges at which time the committing magistrate
must determine if there is probable cause to believe that the defendant is guilty and therefore
must stand trial later in superior court.
Phin ta s vn
Preparatory judgment n d phn
Preponderance of evidence General standard of proof in civil cases; that evidence which is more believable or
convincing to the trier of fact (judge or jury) than the evidence presented in opposition.
u th v bng chng
Prescription The process of acquiring title to property by reason of uninterrupted possession of
specified duration. Also called positive prescription. The limitation of time beyond
which an action, a debt, or a crime is no longer valid or enforceable. Also called negative
prescription
Thi hiu
Pre-sentence investigation An inquiry into the background and personality of a convicted person so that the court
can take it into consideration before deciding what sentence should be imposed; usually
made by a probation officer who summits a probation report to the judge.
iu tra trc khi tuyn n
Pre-sentence report Phc trnh trc khi tuyn n
Presumption of innocence S cho l v ti.
You are presumed innocent until proven guilty.`Trc khi chng minh l c ti bn vn
c xem l ngi v ti.

THUT NG PHP L
Presumptive evidence Bng chng bng suy on

Pre-trial conference readiness hearing At any after the filing of the complaint/indictment or information the court upon motion
of a party or upon its own motion may order one or more conferences to consider such
matters as will promote a fair and expeditious trial. At the conclusion of a onference the
court shall prepare and file a memorandum of the matters agreed upon. No admissions made
by the defendant shall be used against the defendant unless the admissions are reduced to
writing and signed by the defendant and his attorney.
Hi kin ti ta trc phin x
Pre-trial release Tm thch trc khi x
Prima facie Evident without proof or reasoning; obvious: a prima facie violation of the treaty.
Hin nhin, r rng, rnh rnh
Prima facie case A case in which the evidence presented is sufficient for a judgment to be made
unless the evidence is contested.
V kin c bng chng
Prima facie evidence Evidence that would, if uncontested, establish a fact or raise a presumption of a fact.
Khi chng
Prima facie proof Refers to the quantity of evidence sufficient in law to raise a presumption of fact or to
establish a particular fact unless rebutted by other evidences; similar in meaning to prima facie case.
Khi chng
Principal One who commits or is an accomplice to a crime.
Ngi phm ti (chnh phm hoc tng phm)
Principal in the first degree Chnh phm
Principal in the second degree Tng phm
Priorable offense Ti c th tr thnh tin n
Prior convictions Priors
Tin n
Priors Prior convictions
Tin n
Prison Nh t; khm ng (ti i hnh)
Prisoner at the bar B co
Private international law T php quc t; lut phn tranh
Privilege c quyn
Probable cause The reasonable belief, based on facts or circumstances, that a particular person has
committed a particular crime or that property subject to search and seisure is at a
designated location; probable cause is a requisite element of search and seisure and
arrest.
L do kh tn
Probate Court A court limited to the jurisdiction of probating wills and administering estates.Surrogate
Court, Orphans` Court (Pa)
Ton n C Nhi
Probation The act of suspending the sentence of a person convicted of a criminal offense and
granting that person provisional freedom on the promise of good behavior.
S qun ch; s tm tha c theo di
Probation, Formal Qun ch chnh thc
Probation department Nha qun ch
Probation Officer One who supervises a person placed on probation by a court in a criminal proceeding. He
is required to report to the court the progress of the probationer and to surrender him if he
violates the terms and conditions of his probation.
Vin chc Qun ch
Probation report Report written by a probation officer. Its main objective is to provide a detailed profile of
the offender in order to assist the judge in determining what the best sentence should be for
the offender and the community. Most reports will contain recommendations for sentence,
and these are often accepted by judges.
T trnh v vic qun ch.
Probation revocation Thu hi qun ch
Probation, Summary Probation without supervision by the Probation Department.

THUT NG PHP L
Qun ch khng cn S Qun Ch theo ri

Probation violation A willful failure to observe and/or to comply with any of the terms or conditions of
probation; if the defendant is found to be in violation of his/her probation, the probation
may be revoked, modified or terminated.
Vi phm qun ch
Procurator One authorized to manage the affairs of another; an agent.
Ngi i quyn
Proof Evidence convincing to the judge or jury
Bng chng
Pro Per A defendant who represents himself without legal counsel (in propria persona)
T bin h
Property held in fee simple Ti sn khng b rng buc/c t do/c th cm c c
Prosecution S truy t
Prosecution evidence Bng chng ca cng t vin
Prosecution exhibits Chng tch ca cng t vin
Prosecutor Bin l; cng t vin
Prospective jurors Bi thm vin tng lai
Prostitution Mi dm
Provisional constitutional act Hin c tm thi
Provisionally enforceable judgment n vn chp hnh v nht b
Public attorney Bin l
Public defender P.D. An attorney employed by a government agency whose work consists primary
defending indigent defendants in criminal cases.
Lut s bo cha cng c
Public international Law Cng php quc t
Public Law Cng php
Public Prosecutor`s appeal against too mild a sentence
Khng co ti thiu
Pull the time waiver A defendant who has given up his right to a speedy trial may reaffirm his right and must
be brought to trial within 10 days after having reasserted his rights. This action is generally
called `pulling the time waiver`.
Rt lui vic t b quyn c xt x nhanh,
Pursue Tm n; truy n
Pupil A minor under the supervision of a guardian
Tr em c gim h
Putative Generally regarded as such; supposed.
Ng tn; gi nh, coi nh l
Putative child Con ng tn
Putative father Ngi cha ng tn
Putative marriage Hn nhn ng tn
Q
Quash To put down or suppress forcibly and completely: quash a rebellion
Hy b; tiu hy
Quash a sentence on appeal Bc bn n sau khi phc thm
R
Rambling (Ni) huyn thin, dng di, khng c mch lc.
Rap sheet A criminal history (printout) including arrests and convictions. In Alameda County
it is often called a Corpus rap sheet.
THUT NG PHP L
Bn tm lc tin n
Rape An act of sexual intercourse with a person, accomplished by force or fear of bodily harm
or, in any case, without the person`s consent; an act of sexual intercourse with a female,
under the age of 18 years, not the wife of the perpetrator, accomplished with or without
her consent in the crime of Unlawful Sexual Intercourse ( Statutory Rape)
Hip dm
Rape, statutory Hip dm lut nh
Rape in concert Hip dm tp th
Ravish To rape; violate
Cng hip
Real action T quyn i vt
Real evidence Chng c vt th
Reasonable doubt This is a term often used, but not easily defined; it does not mean a mere possible doubt,
because everything relating to human affairs and depending on moral evidence is open to
some possible or imaginary doubt; it is that state of the case which, after a full comparison
and consideration of all the evidence, leaves the minds of the jurors (or the mind of the
judge, in court trials) in that condition that they cannot say they feel an abiding conviction to
a moral certainty of the truth of the charge.
Nghi vn php l
Reasonable doubt, Beyond a Ngoi nghi vn php l
Rebuttal The introduction of rebuttal evidence. Rebuttal evidence is any evidence that rebuts,
counteracts , or disproves evidence given by a witness or other kind of evidence introduced
by the opposing party; rebuttal evidence is offered to contradict other evidence or to rebut a
presumption of fact.
S bc b (lun c i phng)
Reckless driving Li xe u t
Recognizance An obligation of record that is entered into before a court or magistrate, containing a
condition to perform a particular act, such as making a court appearance. A sum of
money pledged to assure the performance of such an act.
S cam kt trc ta; tin bo chng
Recognizance ,Release on one`s own A condition under which an individual is released without bail, upon hi/sher promise to
appear and answer to a criminal charge; in general it involves only his/her promise to
appear. But sometimes special conditions may be imposed (e.g., remaining in the custody of
another, abiding by travel restrictions, etc.)
Phng thch vi li ha s ra hu to
Re-cross examination Ti vn
Re-direct examination Questioning the witness after the cross-examination. The attorney who
conducted the direct examination conducts the re-direct examination.
Ti trc vn
Redress Sa li cho thng; un nn; khi phc, n b
Re-entry permit Giy chiu khn kh hi
Refuse bail Bc n xin t do tm
Register of speech Style of speech
Phong cch ngn ng
Registration as a sex offender Section 290 of the Penal code requires that persons convicted of certain sex offenses
must register with the local Police as a sex offender.
ng k l ngi phm ti v tnh dc
Regulation S quy nh; iu quy nh; iu l
Release of information Cho php tit l tin tc ( h s c nhn, s sch v.v..)
Relinquishment S t b
Remand To send back
Di giao
Remand to custody To send the prisoner bach to the place of confinement
Di giao phm nhn v ni giam gi
Remedy Legal compensation for a wrong
S sa sai; s bi thng
Replevin An action to recover personal property said or claimed to be unlawfully taken.The writ or
THUT NG PHP L
procedure of such an action. To replevy.

S gii hiu sai p; gii hiu sai p
Report Formal account of facts or information. To state
Bn phc trnh; bo co. Khai, trnh, bo co.
Rescissory action T quyn thit tiu
Reservation S hn ch; iu kin hn ch
Residence Ni c tr, nh
Residuary beneficiary Ngi k quyn vi tnh cch bao qut
Residue The remainder of a testator's estate after all claims, debts, and bequests are satisfied. In
this sense, also called residuum.
Tt c phn cn li ca di sn
Resolutive clause c khon gii tiu
Resolutory action T quyn gii tiu
Respondent A person against whom an appeal is brought1
B khng n
Restitution S bi thng; s n bi
Restraining order n lnh cm ch
Retain Thu (lut s, thng dch vin ta n..)
Revocatory action T quyn trut bi
Revoke Thu hi
Right of action Quyn t tng
Right of inheritance Quyn tha k
Rights, constitutional Quyn hin nh
Rigid constitution Hin php cng tnh
Rigorous imprisonment Imprisonment in the second division
Pht giam tiu hnh
Robbery The act or an instance of unlawfully taking the property of another by the use of violence
or intimidation.
Cp
Rule To decide
Phn; quyt nh
Rost motion (CA) Defense motion seeking dismissal of the charges because of a claimed excessive delay in
arresting defendant
Thnh nguyn min t v cho rng bt gi qu lu.
S
Search and seizure Lc sot v tch thu
Search warrant An order in writing, issued by a justice or other magistrate, in the name of the state,
directed to a law enforcement officer, commanding him/her to search a specified house,
shop or other premises, for physical evidence of an allegedly committed crime, and to
bring the same, when found, before the magistrate and usually also, the body of the
person occupying the premises, to be dealt with according to law.
Lnh, trt xt nh
Secured preferential claim Tri quyn u i
See, hear and question Coi, nghe v hi
Self-incrimination S t buc ti
Sentence The judgment formally pronounced by the court or judge upon the defendant after his/her
conviction in a criminal prosecution, awarding the punishment to be inflicted.
Bn n
Sentence in absence n khuyt tch
1
The Plain Language Law Dictionary by Robert E. Rothenberg
THUT NG PHP L
Sentenced in his/her absence B x khuyt tch

Sentence, Imposition of Sentence shall be imposed without reasonable delay. Before imposing sentence, the court
shall afford counsel an opportunity to speak on behalf of the defendant and shall address
the defenfant personally and ask him if he wishes to make s statement in his own behalf
and to present any information in mitigation of punishment. The attorney for the government
shall have an equivalent opportunity to speak to the court.
Tuyn n
Self-defense S t v
Self-incrimination S t buc ti
Sentence, Concurrent n song hnh
Sentence, Consecutive n tip ni
Sentence, Suspended n treo
Sentencing The post conviction stage of the criminal justice process in which the defendant is
brought before the court for imposition of sentence.
Kt n
Sequester To take temporary possession of (property) as security against legal claims
Tch thu tm thi (ti sn ca ngI thiu n)
Separation Husband and wife`s cessation of residing together.
S ly thn; bit c
Serious felony Define by Statute, Section 1192.7, Subsection C of Penal Code. Serious felonies
carry with them enhanced penalties.
Hnh ti gia trng
Serve To deliver or present (a writ or summons).. To present such a writ to.
Lc tng; tng t
Serve a summons on s.o. Lc tng mt triu hon trng ti ngi no
Serve a writ on s.o. Lc tng mt truyn phiu ti ngi no
Serve a sentence Th n
Servitude Forced labor imposed as a punishment for crime: penal servitude in labor camps.
Kh sai
Servitude, Penal Hnh pht kh sai
Servitude for life, Penal Kh sai chung thn
Servitude, A term of penal Kh sai hu hn
Set bail Qui nh tin th chn
Settlement Compromise agreement between parties
S dn xp, ha gii
Sexual molestation Xm phm tit hnh
Sheriff Cnh St Trng Qun
Shoplifting The criminal offense of taking without force and carrying away merchandise on sale to
the public without paying the purchase price.
n cp trong ca hng
Sidebar conference Bench conference.A discussion between the judge and the attorneys at the bench so that
the jury cannot hear what is being said.
Tho ln ti n th ca chnh n.
Sight translate To translate something on sight without preparation or prior acquaintance
Dch vn bn ngay ti ch
Sight translation Dch vn bn ngay ti ch
Simple larceny o thit thng, khng c trng hp gia trng
Simultaneous interpretation Thng dch ng thi; dch ui
Slammer Slang. A jail.
Nh t
Slander Vu co; vu khng; ph bng (bng li ni)
Smuggling Bun lu
Smuggling aliens Nhp lu ngi
Sodomy Sexual activity with a member of the same sex or with an animal
THUT NG PHP L
Thng dm; th dm
Source language The language from which one interpretes.
Ngn ng ngun
Special circumstances case Special circumstances are homicide cases where the ultimate penalty is : a) Capital
punishment b) Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
St nhn trng hp gia trng
Speedy and public trial X mau chng v cng khai
Spousal battery u gia v chng
Standing When a person has the legal right to raise a legal issue, this person has standing.
Quyn t tng
Stare decisis Rule persuant to which once a principle of law is laid down as to a particular set of facts,
the courts will apply that same principle to future cases where the facts are more or less
the same.
n l
State exhibit Chng tch ca nhn dn
State Supreme Court Court of final resort (Ta ph n), Court of Appeals (Ta Khng n, Judicial
Court, Supreme Court of Appeals.
Ta n Ti Cao Tiu bang
State vs._________ Cng T k.___________.
Statement, closing Li bin h kt thc
Statement, opening Li bin h m u
Statute An act of the legislature declaring, commanding or prohibiting something.
o lut; qui ch
Statute of limitations A law that sets a time limit within which some actions must be brought or within which a
person may be prosecuted for a specific offense.
Lut v gii hn thi gian
Statutory Law Lut thnh vn
Statutory rape Hip dm lut nh
Stay To delay or stop the effect of (an order, for example) by legal action or mandate: stay a
prisoner's execution.
nh ch; hu ch; hu hon
Stay A delay. To put off.
S nh hon nh li
Stay of proceedings Hu hon t tng
Stay of execution nh hon thi hnh n vn
Stillborn child Con t sinh
Stipulated Agreed to. A stipulation of fact will not be contested or disputed so that no
evidence need be presented as to the truth of that fact at trial.
tha thun
Stipulation The name given to any agreement made by the attorneys engaged on opposite sides of a
case, especially in writing, regulating any matter incidental to the proceedings or trial
which falls within their jurisdiction.
c nh.
Straight time n t
Strike Bi b
Strong evidence Chng c bt kh bc khc
Style of speech Register of speech
Phong cch ngn ng
Submit To present to the court., e. g. evidence.
trnh ta
Subpoena Trt i
Subpoena duces tecum A process by which the court, at the instances of a party, commands a witness who has in
his possession or control some document or paper that is pertinent to the issues of a pending
controversy, to produce it at the trial. Subpeona witnesses on your behalf

THUT NG PHP L
Triu i nhn chng cho mnh.

Subrogate Bn n
Subrogation The substitution of one person for another, especially the legal doctrine of substituting
one creditor for another.
S bn n
Substantial evidence Chng c hin nhin
Substantive Law Thc ti php
Sue i kin; tha kin
Suit V kin
Summary probation Probation without supervision by the Probation Department.
Qun ch khng cn S Qun Ch theo ri
Superior court Ta cao cp; ta trn
Suppress evidence Exclude evidence
Bi b bng chng
Supreme court Court of last resort
Ta n ti cao, Ti Cao Php Vin
Supreme court of appeal Ta ph n
Surrogate Court Probate Court, Orphans` Court (Pa)
Ta n Di chc; Di sn; Tha k; Gim H
Suspended sentence n treo
Sustain To grant or uphold an objection
Chp thun
Swear Th; tuyn th
Swear in witnesses Cho cc nhn chng tuyn th
Sworn translator Thng dch vin hu th
T
Tacit acceptance An act upon the part of an heir to an estate, demonstrating that he intends to
accept his inheritance.
S tha nhn mc th (ngm, khng ni ra)
Take the stand Testify
Lm chng; ra khai
Taken in the fact B bt qu tang
Tangible evidence Chng c c th
Target language The language into which one interpretes.
Ngn ng mc tiu
Testament capacity Nng lc lp chc th
Testify Take the stand
Lm chng; ra khai
Testimony Li khai
Theft n cp
Time limit for lodging an appeal Thi hn khng co
Time served Thi gian t
Title deed Chng th thit nh quyn s hu
To a moral certainty Tin tng mt cch chc chn
Tort Damage, injury, or a wrongful act done willfully, negligently, or in circumstances
involving strict liability, but not involving breach of contract, for which a civil suit
can be brought
Li dn s; dn s phm
Traditional law Th tc php
Traffic court Ta n lu thng
THUT NG PHP L
Traffic violation Giy pht lu thng

Trail Tm nh
Transcript Bn sao lc
Trepassing Xm nhp khng c php
Trial V x; phin x
Trial at bar Phin ta khong i
Trial, court/bench Phin x khng c bi thm on
Trial, jury Phin x c bi thm on
Trial, speedy Phin x trong thi gian lut nh
Trial court Court of First Instance
To S Thm
Trust deed Chng th tn thc
U
Unlawful knowledge Gian dm; gian thng
Unlawful search and seizure Xt v tch thu tri php
Unconstitutional Bt hp hin
Under arrest B cu lu
Undercover (Nhn vin) chm
Unemployment Tht nghip
Unfounded appeal Cung khng
Unlawful detainer S lu gi bt hp php mt bt ng sn
Unwritten constitution Hin php bt thnh vn
Uphold Gi gn; duy tr
Usufruct The right to use and enjoy the profits and advantages of something belonging to another
as long as the property is not damaged or altered in any way.
Quyn hoa li
Uterine Having the same mother but different fathers: uterine brothers.
Cng m khc cha
Uterine brothers Anh em cng m khc cha
V
Vacate To cancel
Hy b
Vacation Also called recess
Hu thm
Vagrancy Ti sng lang thang; li sng lang thang
Vandalism Willful or malicious destruction of public or private property.
Ph phch; hy hoi ti sn
Venue Qun ht ta n
Verbatim Using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word: a verbatim report
of the conversation.adverb. In exactly the same words; word for word: repeated
their dialogue verbatim.
ng nguyn vn; ng tng ch mt
Verdict Bnh quyt
Vicarious liability action T quyn tuyn nh trch nhim
Victim Nn nhn
Violation S vi phm; iu vi phm
Visitation The act or an instance of visiting or an instance of being visited: rules governing
THUT NG PHP L
visitation at a prison.The right of a parent to visit a child as specified in a divorce or

separation order.Right of parents to spend time with minor children
Quyn cha m thm ving con ci
Voir dire Din vn
Voluntary judgment n phi tng
W
Waive (rights) T b (quyn)
Waiver of rights: S t b quyn; giy t b quyn
Warrant Trt ta
Warrant of attachment n lnh sai p
Warrant of deportation Lnh trc xut
Warrant, arrest Trt tm n
Warrant, search Trt cho khm xt
Warrant of attorney Giy y quyn
Weapon Kh gii
Weapon, concealed Kh gii ct giu
Weapon, deadly Kh gii c th gy cht ngi
Weight clause A provision in a Penal Statute which provides for enhanced (increased) punishment for
possessing a large quantity of a controlled substance which usually indicates that the
substance is not strictly for personal use.
iu khon v trng lng
Weight of the evidence Tm quan trng ca bng chng
Wholesale arrest S bt giam hng lot
Wilfull homicide, Ti c st
Wit To wit That is to say; namely.
Ngha l
Witness Nhn chng
Witness, defense Nhn chng pha b can
Witness, expert Nhn chng chuyn gia
Witness, hostile Nhn chng i nghch
Witness, material Nhn chng quan trng
Witness, prosecution Nhn chng ca bin l, cng t
Witness stand Bc nhn chng
Woman with child n b c thai
Work furlough Chng trnh va t va i lm
Work release Php cho tm ra t i lm
Writ Thng lnh; trt
Writ of certiorari A procedure requesting appellate review. It is discretionary . If the writ is denied, the
higher court refuses to hear the appeal and the judgment in the lower court stands
unchanged. If the writ is granted, the higher court hear the appeal.
Yu cu duyt vic khng n.
Writ of detainer Trt tng giam
Writ of election A writ issued by a governor or other executive authority requiring that an election be
held, especially a special election to fill a vacancy.
Lnh t chc tuyn c
Writ of error A writ commissioning an appellate court to review the proceedings of another court and
correct the judgment given if deemed necessary.
Lnh phc thm
Writ of prohibition An order issued by a higher court commanding a lower court to cease from proceeding in
THUT NG PHP L
some matter not within its jurisdiction.

Lnh ngng x
Writ of sommons A writ directing a person to appear in court to answer a complaint.
Trt i ra ta
Written constitution Hin php thnh vn
Written evidence Th chng
Y
Yielding law Lut thit b
------oooOooo------

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THUT NG PHP L

Absolute monarchy Qun ch chuyn ch

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 2

Adjudication Deciding case through judicial or administrative hearing

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 4

Aggravating circumstances Nhng trng hp gia trng

Appeal, Quash a sentence on Bc bn n sau khi phc thm

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 6

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 8

Bastardy procedure/case T quyn khc t ph h

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 10

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 11

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 12

Circumstances, Mitigating Trng hp gim khinh

be limited in time by rule of court.

Consistent (with) Ph hp; thch hp; ng vi

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 16

Conviction Finding of guilt in a criminal case

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 18

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 19

criminal justice issues; criminal justice programs

Deed , Trust Chng th tn thc

Defaulter Ngi khng ra hu to; ngi v n

Deportation order Lnh trc xut

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 22

Bnh quyt c ch th.

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 23

Bn giao ko,giy ch quyn , tin hoc ti sn do ngi

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 25

Exception, Dilatory Khc bin tr hon

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 26

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 27

Homicide, Excusable V st nhn/ phng v chnh ng/ng st

D ngh s kh tn ca nhn chng, bt tn nhim nhn chng

Indirect evidence Chng c gin tip

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 33

Judgment, Affirmative n xc nhn/y nhn

Judgment, Contradictory n i tch

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 35

y vin ph trch bi thm on

Libel Ph bng trn sch bo

Mandamus A writ by which a court commands the performance of a particular act.

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 39

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 40

Negative easement Quyn a dch tiu cc

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 43

Peremptory challenge c quyn bi min; khc bin quyt tuyt

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 45

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 46

Presumptive evidence Bng chng bng suy on

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 47

Qun ch khng cn S Qun Ch theo ri

procedure of such an action. To replevy.

Sentenced in his/her absence B x khuyt tch

NGUYN C MAI BIN SON 52

Triu i nhn chng cho mnh.

Traffic violation Giy pht lu thng

visitation at a prison.The right of a parent to visit a child as specified in a divorce or