1. One example of basic research is the experiment regarding reaction
time for humans. When a dollar bill is slipped through the fingers of any human, almost no one will be able to catch it with their fingers, because it takes a while to process that the dollar bill has slipped, and it is too late to respond to the situation.
One example of applied research is the experiment regarding the use
of steroids in athletes. It has been often wondered whether steroids are more harmful to bodies than helpful, and lots of athletes say that steroids may be helpful at first, but come back later to hurt them through side effects.
2. One of the extraneous/confounding variables that I would have to
control is the population size present in the library. Another one is that I would also want to measure whatever Im trying to at the same time every day of the week.