Xxx MANUSCRIPTS AND EDITIONS CITED A = Cod. Ambrosianus A 182 sup. L = Cod. Laurentianus 70, 5. V = Cod. Vaticanus 1065 I = Cod. Laurentianus 9, 32 Dindorf = W. Dindorf, ed. of 1838. Haury = J. Haury, ed. of 1913. Hoeschel = D, Hoeschel, ed. of 1603. Maltretus = C. Maltretus, ed. of 1663. PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA BUILDINGS St Andrew's Greek Orthodox Theological College A Member Institute of the Sydney College of Divinity Course Unit Guide CAL LICENSED COPY Created by Mario BaghosP2 ws e a IIPOKOMIOY KAISAPEQ> TIEPI KTIEMATON AOTOS A a’. Ode dperfs eniBew roretoba eOeduv, oW8E Adyou Sunder Oapadv, obBE ywpiov ent rf eumeipla, pudorotperos, & riod rhs toroplas Ty ypapiy puna: ered ode elyov odSey sd? ob dy mappnotas és ré3¢ dyolunv. Gddd por modus ewvoua yeyover Smdcuw Te Kat mpdticov dyabév atrv ‘toropia rats médcor ylveoBa jpcua mAyfcioa Bios parOdovero mérpov. 24 BUILDINGS I. i. 53-57 but by lead (molibdos) poured into the interstices (lelma), which flowed about everywhere in the spaces between the stones and hardened in the joints (harmonia), binding them to each other.) ‘Thus were these parts constructed; but let us proceed to the remaining paces of the church. ‘The whole ceiling is overlaid with pure old, which adds glory to the beauty, yet the light reflected from the stones prevails, shining out in rivalry with the gold. And there are two stoa-like colonnades (stoai);* ‘one on each side, not separated in any way from the structure of the church itself, but actually making the effect of its width greater? and reaching along its whole length, to the very end, while in height they are less than the interior of the building. And they too have vaulted ceilings (orophé tholos) and decora- tions of gold. One of these two colonnaded stoas has been assigned to men worshippers, while the other is reserved for women engaged in the same exercise. But they have nothing to distinguish them, nor do they diifer from one another in any way, but their very equality serves to beautify the church, and “Jn the joints they have put sheets of soft lead, lest the stones, as they lie on one another, and heavy weight bears upon heavy weight, should have their backs broken; with the Icad between, the stone foundation is pressed softly and is gently burdened.” Cf. Lethaby and Swainson, Saneta Sophia, . 259. Pee The procedure followed in rendering Greek stoa in this translation is explained in the Introduction, p. xvis 2 Literally, Procopius says “the measure of ite wid He seems to have been aware that the colonnades of the aisles fund galleries, which he deseribes as stons, increased the scale of the interior by making the great width of the nave seem more measurable and impressive in relation to the apparent size of the side aisles. 25PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 88 xd Mos Buyer kal cpailer 73 eupepés. rhs 8 dy ray treppuw ris yovawvéridos eunveds yevouro, i} tds Te mapmdybets Siqyotro orods. Kal tas mepiorddovs adds, als 3 veds mepiBeBhy- 9 rae; vis 88 trav re Kedvev Kad NBeow SrapOpr~ caro ry edapémeav, ols 73 kepdv menaddcs- mora; Acpavt rs av evrervyncévar Sdeevev 60 dpaiw 75 dos. Oapdoue yap dv eixdrans ray ev 73 ddovpysy, Tov 88 76 yodlov, rah ols 73 fowixody eravlet cat dy ro Nevedr dare aorpdnret, ere wévror al os rats evavrusrdeas router xporais donep ris Lwypdgos 1 diars. 81 Saqvixa 88 res ebESuev0s es ard tor, Ewvdnor pev 800s cis ob dvipwmeta Suvdyct # réyvn, ad G06 pomp 76 epyov robro dxorerdpvevrar: 5 robs B€ ot mpds Tov Ocdv emarpdperos depoBarel, 0} paxpdy ov ‘yovpevos atréy elva, add 62 eupidoxwnpetv pddiora ols adrds efdero. Kab rodro od Tv mpsrnv psvov iSévzt EvpBaiver, adrd Buqveres éxdory rabrd rodro Soxet, donep 63 evradla ris dipees det dpyopdrns. rodtov képov obBels 708 Gedparos Eafe mmore, dANd mapdy- res wiv’ 7G lepG dMpwmor rots Spapevors yeyrf- Bacw, dmdvres 8¢ rots tmép abrod Biaddyous 64 drocepwivorvrar. ere pévroe? tov Keyunrlwy rob ved) rode rd re xpvodpara Kal rd &v Epyipy Kal Alois evripors “Edpmavra piv ppdoar dxpsBo~ Aoyouueve dyjyavov dep "lovorwards Baot~ Aeds rABe aveOnKev- et BC pdrp rexpnprobeBac 85 rois ride dvadeyopévors ebinur 6b yap rob * piv: dy dv Wahler. * pévroe VL: pry AL 26 BUILDINGS I. i. 57-65 their similarity to adorn it. But who could fittingly describe the galleries (kyperda) of the women’s side (gynaikonitis), or enumerate the many colonnades and the colonnaded aisles (peristyloi aula’) by means of which the church is surrounded? Or who could recount the beauty of the columns (hiones) and the stones with which the church is adorned? One might imagine that he had come upon a meadow with its flowers in full bloom. For he would surely marvel at the purple of some, the green tint of others, and at those on which the crimson glows and those from which the white flashes, and again at those which Nature, like some painter, varies with the most contrasting colours, And whenever anyone enters this church to pray, he understands at once that it is not by any human power or skill, but by the influence of God, that this work has been so finely turned. And so his mind is lifted up toward God and exalted, feeling that He cannot be far away, but must especially love to dwell in this place which He has chosen. And this does not happen only to one who sees the church for the first time, but the same experience comes to him on each successive oceasion, as though the sight were new each time. Of this spectacle no one has ever had a surfeit, but when present in the church men rejoice in what they see, and when they leave it they take proud delight in conversing about it. Furthermore, con- cerning the treasures of this church—the vessels of gold and silver and the works in precious stones, which the Emperor Justinian has dedicated here—it is i possible to give a precise account of them all. But { shall allow my readers to form a judgment by a single example. That part of the shrine which is a7P9 B 180 PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA icpod r& pddiora ydpos GBéBros Kal pédros iepeisr Bards, Symep xadoGor Ovowasrhpior, A rpav dpytpov pupuddas empépera rérrapas. 66 Ta ey ody ris Kevorarrwounddews ein olas, vmep peydAyy KaXetv vevoixact, guveddvre re Kal dkpp Saxrdy SiapOpnoaper etretv, Ayy re Bpaxurdrw ra tov mpaypdrwr déw- Doydrara dpdow, tHe "TovorauarG Sednpe- 67 odpyyras Baoidet. ob prac 8¢ adriy 5 Baot- Neds Belyaro pdvor, GL Kal movovuern rf) Siavolg Kal rH GAM ris uxfs dperf, Sonep 68 &4d adrica Smdow. rv dypiSuv, Svmep en- eprfodn dprias (Adpovs 8é abrds of pnyavo~ mot emaofor) pla ms, 1 mpds dvloyorra Pudv Corw, enaverorsfucee pev éxarépwler 73n, ob 82 by ward 73 péoov avvererddeaTo, 69 GAY euever ert. of 88 meaaot bv 5) drepbev 4 oixodopéa eyivero, rav eyreyeror opiow obk eveyndvres 16 eyeBos, dpnyérn eeamwatws azoppnyvbpevor, obx és paxpdy Badvbnaopcvors 10 excoav. of piv ody dpi re "AvOeuov Kal ToiSwpov rots aypmenraxdor mepihoBor dvres énl rdv Paoidéa 73 mpaypa iyov, dvadkmBdes emi rh réun yeyernpevor. adrica 58 & Bacreds, Srp} per more trypevos ob olSae, bed dé, ofpat, od ydp ore payavunds, és 6 mépas adrois mepucdléae rv diida ratrny emiyye\er. adm) rip, Hy, EB ears dvexoudn viv Evepler 2 BUILDINGS L. i. 65-71 especially sacred, where only priests. may enter, which they call the Inner Sanctuary (thysiastérion), is embellished with forty thousand pounds’ weight of silver. So the church of Constantinople (which men are accustomed to call the Great Church), speaking con- cisely and merely running over the details with the finger-tips, as it were, and mentioning with a fleeting word only the most notable features, was constructed in such a manner by the Emperor Justinian. But it was not with money alone that the Emperor built it, but also with labour of the mind and with the other powers of the soul, as I shall straightway shew. One of the arches which I just now mentioned (Jéri! the master-builders call them), the one which stands toward the cast, had already been built up from cither side, but it had not yet been wholly completed in the middle, and was still waiting. And the piers (pessoi), above which the structure was being built, unable to carry Une mass which bore down upon them, somehow or other suddenly began to crack, and they seemed on the point of collapsing. So Anthemius and Isidorus, terrified at what had happened, carried the matter to the Emperor, having come to have no hope in their technical skill. And straightway the Emperor, impelled by I know not what, but I suppose by God (for he is not himself a master-builder), commanded them to carry the curve of this arch to its final completion. ‘For when it rests upon itself,” he said, “it will no longer need 4 Greek Adpos, from Latin lorus, meaning a “leash,” and, in the plural, “ reins.” «. myxavixds VL: Oéobev pypdvos A. thong” or see'sPROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA 12 neovdv odkért Serfoc. Kal ef pév 5 Abyos dpdpropos jy, eB olSa Srv wédag re av Boker elvar kai dmoros dus, a enel pdpropes mdpeor rov ryvudde mempayyever moddol, ok Srvqréa piv emi 7d 708 Myou enperd dor. 73 of pey ov reyviran 7d emvreraypeva erolow, *h 82 difis én dadadods dpyto aca, emoppayt- 14 Covoa rH melpa viv ris éwolas GAfleay. Toro pev ob radrn eelpyaoras, card 8¢ ras adas GipiSas af re mpds peonuBplav rerpapyevar etot kal Boppav dvepov, rodvde Evqvéxn yeréoVar. 15 of pev ABpor Karovpevor 708 vedd rf otkodopla uyrepévor sdpyvro, Papvrdpeva 88 adrois enerovicer Ta eveplev mrdvra, xlovés re of ride bvres ydducas opuxpis donep dmokvoevres 16 dpiccav. Kad aBbis pav dBvpor rois cvpmenreo- kéow of pnyavixol yeyempdvor 7G Paowel B isi 71 7d apior wapdvra eorpyyeMov. adlus 8 5 Bact- Debs dvremereyvijaaro! rdSe. rovrew 81) Tov menovnxérav Ta dxpa, 800 Tov dybiBwv enépave, Biedety prev &v 7G mapavrixa exdrevoev, evrWévar 82 moMAG sorepov, emeiddv 7d ris olxoBoplas 18 dypov dmodwpifiociev adrois pdduora® Kal of pav tard radra enolow: % 8¢ urlaws Biayéyove 73 1 dvremerequjoaro A: dvrerexripoaro VL * wddvora Vi: om, A. 30 BUILDINGS I. i. 71-78 the props (pessoi) beneath it.” Andif this story were without witness, I am well aware that it would have seemed a piece of flattery and altogether incredible ; but since there are available many witnesses of what then took place, we need not hesitate to proceed to the remainder of the story. So the artisans carried out his instructions, and the whole arch then hung secure, sealing by experiment the truth of his idea. Thus, then, was this arch completed; but in the process of building the other arches, indeed, those namely which are turned toward the south and the north, the following chanced to take place. ‘The so- called léri had been raised up, carrying the masonry of the church, but everything underneath was labour- ing under their load, making the columns (kiones) which stood there throw off tiny flakes, as if they had been planed. So once more the master- builders were dismayed at what had happened and reported their problem to the Emperor. And again the Emperor met the situation with a remedy, as follows. He ordered them immediately to remove the upper parts (akra) of the masonry which were strained, that is, the portions which came into contact with the arches, and to put them back much later, as soon as the dampness of the masonry should abate enough to bear them. These instructions they carried out, and thereafter the structure stood 1 ‘This passage is at first sight ambiguous because Procopius is using pessoi in two quite different senses. Obviously the statement that once the arch was completed it would no longer need the pessoi beneath it eannot refer to the main masonry piers (which Procopius has just called pessoi), but must refer to the scaffolding or centering (pessoi) which was holding up the great arch before its completion. 3P10 PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA Noid ev doparet ofa, déperae? BE ro Kal papripioy 5 Baoheds 708 épyov rousySe. B’. "Ayopd ts xpd 708 Povdevrapiov érvy- xaver ofa kadodor 8 Adyovaratoy ry dyopay of Butdvriot. evrada Ewbjnar NOwv oby shacov herd ev rerpaydvy memolqvrat, Kara piv dndBaow Evyreipevar rAoat, roobrov 82 éxedorn ris Wvepler oboys Cdavvvypdry nad daoddovea, Gore 53 rv NOww Ekacrov 7 euPod} mpodyorra Baiusy yeyovera rv re dvOpdmrev rods éxetry dycipopévous ex’ abray dorep eri Pd0pwr 2 alijobar. ev 82 rf ror NOww SmepPod} Klaw eravéorner ealoroy Sa0v, 0} povoeidi}s. jévrot, ANA Bows ev mepSpduy cipeydlear ovvOeros, eyywvlors ev rH evrops obow, és 88 dAXjAous 3 eumeipia rGv NOSSuow evappoobetar. yadkds Be dpiovos & te mivage Kal oreddvors Sayvdels repipdMer ravraydi. rods MBovs, & per 7H BeBaiy owddov, & Kbopyy 58 adtods ovyeadi- ray, Kal 7d re Ma oebéy re ardvra Kal Buahe~ pévras rd te dvco kai 76 xdreo és 708 kéovos Tév 4 rbnov dmouypotpevos. 5 88 yadkds obros 76 pev xpGpd or ypvaod dxiBdiov mpadrepos, tw 88 délav ob mapa 7odd dmodéw toordowos B 182 6 dpyipw elva. ev 5€ rob xtovos rh Kopudi 1 $éperan . SmepBodf: ev BE 7a Kadoupérw adyovorate A. 1 Procopius's account. is not entirely clear, either because ho did not understand what had happened, or because he was unable to describe the processes in technical language, or possibly because he wished to avoid a complicated technical description. His account suggests that the builders construe g the north and south used the walls and galleries BUILDINGS I. i. 78-ii. 5 secure! And the Emperor, in this way, enjoys a kind of testimonial from the work. . Before the Senate House there happened to be asort of market-place, which the people of Byzantium call the Augustacum. In that place there is a structure of stones, which is made up of not less than seven courses, laid in a rectangle, all fitted to each other at their ends, but each course being narrower than that beneath, and set back, with the result that each of the stones becomes, from the way it is set, a projecting step, so that people assembled there sit upon them as upon seats. And at the top of the stones there rises a column of extraordinary size, not a monolith, however, but composed of large stones in circular courses, cut so as to form angles on their inner faces, and fitted to one another by the skill of the masons. And finest brass, cast in panels and garlands, covers the stones on every side, both serving to bind them securely, and covering them with adornment, and giving the shaft throughout, but particularly at the base and the capital, the appear- ance of a column. ‘This brass, in its colour, is softer than pure gold, and its value is not much less than that of an equal weight of silver. And on the at the sides as permanent centering for the great arches, with the result that the weight of these arches, before their keystones were in place, was too much for the thin clerestory walls and columns beneath, which were not designed to carry so much weight and would not have to do so after the arclies were completed. It is even possible, from Procopius’s description, that the builders were building up the spandrels of masonry above the haunches of the arches before they had completed their curve. ‘Therefore, when Justinian ordered them to take out the strained portions and replace them Inter, he made it necessary for the builders to complete the arches before filling in the clerestory wall. 33