Problem Solving Strategies and Methods (a) Suggest at least two different pairs of variables for the horizontal and vertical axes to obtain a linear relation.For each pair,plot the graphs and draw lines of best fit manually and by usingICT. The relationship between the period and the length is r=2n [2 & The gravitational acceleration g is constant (not variable). Therefore the variable is T and 4/7. If both sides of the equation is squared, 1 T? =477 = g or 72 FyHence the 2 variables are T” and /. The 2 pairs of variables are: 1. Tand {i ( T as verticle axis and ./7 as horizontal axis ) 2. T’and I(T” as verticle axis and / horizontal axis ) In order to draw the graphs with these 2 pairs of variables, we need to find the values of i andj. : 16m) | Fists |p sear | Tem) 20 0.815 4.472 0.903 40 1.623 6.324 1.274 60 2.406 7.746 1.551 80 3.204 6.944 1.790 100 4.040 10.000 2.010 120 4.875 10.954 2.208 140 §.693 11.832 2.386 160 6.477 12.649 2.545 180 7.247 13.416 2.692 200 8.100 14.142 2.846Graph of Tagainst v7 il 47 (S) J a 1 afi (em?) Graph of 7° against / 47 (s) 7(cm)(Note Please Draw Graph Manually ) Graph drawn using interactive ICT software : Graph of T against \/7(b) Estimate the gradient of each graph.Hence, write an equation relating period and length for each of the graphs. From the applet, we found that the equation of the graph Tagainst «7 (The 1st graph) is y=0.201x + 0.00243, which means the gradient of the graph is 0.201. The equation relating the period and the length is 7 - 0201/7 The equation of the graph T@ against / is y=0.041y- 0.0224. The gradient of the graph is 0.041. The equation relating the period and the lenath is >= 0.041/(c) Use the gradient of each graph to determine the respective value of the gravitational acceleration, g ms*.Comment on the values obtained. How do these values of g compare with the accepted value of g on earth (9.807 g ms“) Calculate the percentage error for each of the value of g obtained. Explained the difference (if any). Graph of T against 7 T = 27. % rae lg The y-axis = T The x-axis =-~V/7 , hence 2a The gradient = “Fy From the graph, we know that the gradient is equal to 0.201. Therefore 7 9201 ve = Je 0.201 |2a ) _ o201) ~ § g=977.2cms* =9.772ms* This value is slightly lower than the accepted value ( 9.807 ms”) Percentage of error 0.035 = «100% =0.357% 9.807 Graph of T° against / mf 2 7? & The y-axis = 7 The x-axis =/, hence The gradient = = From the graph, we know that the gradient is equal to 0.201. Therefore 4-004 g4q? oon © g =962.9cms* = 9.629 m s? This value is slightly lower than the accepted value ( 9.807 m s*) Percentage of error Both of the values that we got is slightly lower than the accepted value. This is most probably due to the presence of air resistance. This error can be reduced by Teducing the angle of oscillation. Another possible source of error is the pendulum did not oscillate in a plane butin circle. This make the pendulum become a cone pendulum, where the calculation will be different from a simple pendulum. (d) Use the graph with the least percentage error ing to determine the length of string that will produce a complete oscillation in 1 second.The graph with the least percentage error is the graph of T against «/7,, the relationship between the period and the length is T=0.201,/7. When T=1, T=0.2011 (1)=0.201J1 1 0201 ° 2 (a) 0.201 1 = 24.75 cm 8.A simple pendulum can be used as a device to measure time.Describe how you can use it to measure your pulse rate. 1.A simple pendulum of length 24.75cm was made (this is so that 1 oscillation is equivalent to 1 second). 2.A friend was requested to count the number of oscillations. 3.He gave instruction so to start and stop the stop watch (after 30 oscillation). 4. The counting of the pulse rate was started when my friend said start and stop counting after 30 oscillation. 5. This process was repeated for 3 times to get the average value, Parerage. The pulse rate = the Paverase * 2.ran g& When the length is 4 times its original length, re4l Substitute / into the equation, Conclusion If the length of the pendulum increases by 4 times, the period, Twill increase by 2times.Further Exploration 1. Ifa simple pendulum with a period of 1 second is set in motion on the moon, determine the new period of this pendulum The gravitational field strength ( or gravitational acceleration) of the moon, moon =1.622m 8? Period of the pendulum on the surface of the earth, Tearth=1S Gravitational acceleration of earth, geam=9.807 m s> 1 =) Tearth = 2, Searth I 2 2 | (1) = “V9 807 Period of the pendulum on the surface of the earth = oer 5 Gravitational acceleration of earth, gmoon=1.622 ms* 1 Toon = 2, Zmoon 1 Tcon=2%)=55 —— Solve the simultaneous equationmoon =2459s Toon 2.(a) Investigate whether a simple pendulum will swing continuously in air. Explain your findings.Suggest the conditions required for a pendulum to swing continuously. Explanation Pendulum cannot swing continuously because there are external friction (air etc.) unless doing the experiment in vacuum. (an analytical prove is necessary) (b) _ Ifapendulum is made to swing in water, compare the time taken for this pendulum to come to a complete stop with the time taken by a pendulum swinging in air. Explain the difference.Explanation Time taken for this pendulum to come to a complete stop in water will be shorter than swinging in air because water buoyant force & water resistance are greater than air friction. (an analytical prove is necessary) 3. Sketch graphs on the same scale to illustrate the motion of a simple pendulum swinging 1. in air, 2. in water and 3. in vacuum DisacomentemAcknowledgement Through the realization of this project, many skills and techniques has been learned. This project also helped expose the techniques of application of additional mathematics in real - life situations. I would like to express my utmost gratitude to everyone that have contributed to the success of the this project. Though it had to be completed in « very short time, but finally this project was successfully realized with the help and support from the following persons Parents Teachers Friends and all others that have contributed in this project. Ros Thank You.