TC NG CA NC BIN DNG TI C S H TNG V

NNG NGHIP VIT NAM

Trn Minh Lng - CQ53/23.03

Vit Nam l mt trong 5 nc chu nh hng mnh nht ca hin

tng nc bin dng. Theo d on ca cc nh khoa hc th n nm 2100,
mc tng mc nc bin trung bnh 1 m dc theo b bin, gy ngp 17.423
km2, tng ng vi 5,3% tng din tch t ca Vit Nam. Khong 14.528
km2 hay 4.4% din tch ca Vit Nam b ngp vnh vin. Hn 60% hay 39/64
tnh thnh v 6 khu kinh t ca Vit Nam b nh hng. Khong 20%, hay
2057/10511 lng xm, b ngp tng phn hay ton b.

ng bng sng Cu Long, din tch b ngp lt chim 85% din tch
ngp lt ca ton x, nh hng n 12 tnh thnh trn mt din tch rng
12.376 km2. Hn 1.100 km2 ca khu kinh t min ng Nam B (phn Bnh
Dng, Bin Ha, B Ra-Vng Tu) hay 7,65% din tch ton quc b ngp
nc. Bn khu kinh t khc - Nam Trung B (phn Nng, Khnh Ho,
Bnh nh), Bc Trung B (phn Qung Bnh, Tha Thin-Hu), ng Bc
B (Qung Ninh), v chu th sng Hng s b ngp nc vnh vin mi ni
t 180 n 340 km2, tng cng tng ng vi 7% din tch ca ton vng.

Mc nc bin dng cao 1m tc ng mnh n Vit Nam, trong

c 2 lnh vc chu tc ng mnh l C s h tng v Nng nghip.

Tc ng ti c s h tng

Mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng nht ca c s h tng l ng x.

Trong giai on 2000-2010, tng chiu di ng b tng 39.300 km t
217.100 km nm 2000 ln 256.500 vo nm 2010. Khi mc nc bin dng
cao 1 m, khong 4,3% hay 9.200 km quc l v tnh l s b ngp vnh vin
k c 574 km bin. 90% ng x b ngp vnh vin nm trong chu th
ng bng sng Cu Long, cc tnh Sc Trng, Kin Giang, Bc Liu v
Tr Vinh. Hu ht ng x b ngp l nhng tnh l thiu tiu chun v
nhng ng t ca vng nng thn mi.

Nhng cng trnh bo v ven bin nh cng, bin cng s b nh

hng gia tng ca nn xm thc. Khi chiu su ca nc tng ln, t xi l
hoc s st ln ca rng phng h th kt cu bin s khng m bo an
ton do lc tc ng ln thn , dng nc thm qua

1
 Nu t xi l mnh th cc cng trnh trc y s khng th chng
v vt qu s liu ban u lc thi cng. Ti cc vng nh Tin Giang, C
Mau, Bc Liu s l v d in hnh cho hin tng trn. Ti cc vng ny
nhiu ngi nh vn cn nm st b v t vn l t nn c th b st
ln v bin mt bt c lc no.

Trc y khi khi cng cc h thng cha nc ngt, knh p thy

li, cc h cha nc th ch ly s liu mc nc bin thi im xy dng
ch khng n yu t bin i kh hu nn sau ny nc bin dng ln
th s khng cn hu dng nh khi xy dng na.

Nc bin dng cao 1 m, dch v cung cp nc ngt tiu th v ti

tiu cng tr thnh mt vn nan gii. Thnh ph Nng, vi dn s hn
1 triu ngi v l mt trung tm kinh t ang pht trin nhanh chng, ngun
nc ngt cung cp cho thnh ph ly t 2 a im ca sng Vu Gia. Khi
nc bin dng cao, nc mn s vt qua 2 ni rt nc hin nay v nh
th, trong tng lai vo ma kh, ngi dn Nng khng c nc ngt
s dng. y cng l trng hp s gp phi i vi cc h thng thy li rt
nc ngt t cc sng chnh ti tiu cc nng trng nh Qun L
Phng Hip (C Mau), Mng Tht (Tr Vinh), Bc Bn Tre, G Cng v .v...).
Nhng lp nc ngm dc theo duyn hi v nm gn mt t cng s b
nhim mn khi mc nc bin dng cao 1 m.

Tc ng ti nng nghip

Mt l, nc ngp mn, din tch t canh tc gim.

Khi mc nc bin dng cao 1 m, nhng vng t ph nhiu nht nm

trong chu th sng Hng v sng Cu Long s b nhim mn; 76% din tch
t canh tc nng nghip v nui trng thy sn hin nay ca Vit Nam s b
ngp, v 90% din tch b ngp ny nm trong vng chu th ng bng sng
Cu Long.

ng bng sng Cu Long hin nay c nhng ni nc mn nhp

su vo t lin n 50 km : nh trong thng 2 nm 2008, gp lc gi mnh,
thy triu dng cao y nc mn vo pha Nam cc tnh Bn Tre, Tr Vinh
v Kin Giang. nhng ca sng chnh ca tnh Bn tre, nc mn vo su
n 30-40 km v vo thng 3 v thng 4 ln su vo n 60 km. tnh Tr
Vinh, nc bin xm nhp sng Tin v sng Hu khong 40 km. Nc mn
s xm nhp su hn khi mc nc bin dng cao 1 m thu hp din tch canh
tc nng nghip v nng xut theo cng b gim st.
2
 Hai l, gy thin tai bo l hn hn

Tn sut xut hin ngy cng nhiu cc hin tng thin tai nh bo, l
lt tng nn s to nguy c ngp lt i vi cc vng t thp, in hnh nh
ng bng sng Cu Long, tnh trng nhim mn, nhim phn trn din rng
lm thit hi n ma mng; hn hn thng xy ra vo ma kh, nng nng,
lng bc hi ln hn lng ma nhiu ln lm cy trng kh ho nhanh
chng, c th dn ti lm cht cy trng hng lot.

Nc bin dng lm gim din tch rng ngp mn, tc ng xu n

rng trm, rng trng trn t nhim phn cc tnh Nam B lm cho h sinh
thi rng b nh hng theo nhiu hng. Ranh gii rng nguyn sinh cng
nh rng th sinh s b gim i, nguy c dit chng ca ng vt v thc vt
qu him gia tng nh trm hng, hong , cc thy sn c gi tr kinh t
cao.

Ba l khi nc bin dng cao 1m th ng nghip b tn tht nng n.

Tr lng sinh vt nc l s gim i do khng chu ni nng mui

tng ln. Cc loi c nhit i km gi tr kinh t tng, ngc li cc loi c
cn nhit i c gi tr kinh t cao b gim hoc mt hn. Thay i nhit
cn l dch bnh xy ra cho nhiu loi cy trng, vt nui, cng vi mi
trng nc xu i, l iu kin thun li cho s pht trin ca cc loi vi
sinh vt gy hi. ng bng sng Cu Long, vi b bin di khong 700 km
v mt h thng sng rch chng cht chim 57% sn lng thu sn c nc
(Sn lng nm 2014 - 3.619.521 tn trn tng s 6.332.548 tn Ngun:
Tng cc thng k ). Nui trng thu sn v nh bt c gp phn cho cuc
sng ca nhng ngi dn ngho y, tuy nhin nhng thn xm v cc ao
nui tm ca thnh phn ny s b ngp nc hon ton hay tng phn khi
nc bin dng cao 1 m.

Ti ngh nh th Kyoto hay ting g ba ti hi ngh v bin i kh

hu ca Lin Hp Quc COP21 th hin cho s ng lng v thng nht
ca cc quc gia c v nhn thc v thi ng x. Ti y, ting g ba
minh chng cc quc gia xch li gn nhau hn, t lm phng mnh v tm
ra bin php, mt ting ni chung ng x vi thin nhin, kh hu v ng
ph vi tn vong ca tng quc gia trn Tri t ny.

Gii php

V c s h tng

3
 u tin v pha ngi dn cn phi nng cp cc chn bin, xy
dng cc nh trnh bo, nc bin cho khu vc sinh sng xung quanh bin.
Nhng cn nh ny s l ni chng bo l cho ngi dn khi h ang ra bin.
chn s lm gim bt i tc xm thc ca nc mn.

V chnh quyn a phng, cn l phi xem xt cc cng trnh hin

ti c k hoch nng cp hay di di vo bn trong t lin theo l trnh hp
l. Cc c s h tng hin ti s ng gp vo s pht trn tm nhn thnh ph
trong tng lai. l cc khu chung c, cc cng ty ln. Cn cc cng trnh
cn c nng cp l cc h thng thot nc gim sc nh hng ca
triu cng cng nh s ngp ng mi khi ma ma v.

Th ba, v pha nh nc c th nhp cc thit b my mc khoa hc

k thut hin i nhng nc c my lc nc mn thnh nc ngt nh
M hay Israel . Nu chng ta khng c chi ph th nh nc tng u t
cho Khoa hc cng ngh chng ta xy dng sng ch my lc nc bin
thnh nc ngt trong nc. Cc tnh Tha- Thin Hu hay tnh Bn Tre
c hc sinh ch to c my ny. Ngoi ra, nh nc tng cng quan tm
v c s u t hp l ti vic pht trin, nng cp c s h tng xung quanh,
v bo v cc cng trnh khi cc tc ng bn ngoi nh nc bin dng.

V nng nghip

V pha ngi dn

Mt l, cn ph xanh t trng i trc, trng cc loi cy c th sng

trong mi trng nc mn. Khi nc bin dng th cc loi cy ny s ngn
cn tc xm thc ca nc mn, ci thin mi trng lm nghip.

Hai l, cc nh nng c th chuyn canh tc t trng la sang nui

trng thy sn thch ng vi mi trng sau ny nu nh khng c cch
no chng li qu trnh nc ngt ngy cng khan him v s xm thc ca
nc mn.

V pha nh nc

Mt l nh nc cn tng cng k kt cc hip nh, ku gi cc vn

u t nng cp cc trang thit b cho ngi dn trong hot ng canh tc
nng nghip, ng bin vi tnh hnh nc mn xm thc sau ny.

4
 Hai l nh nc cn hc hi cc phng php x l hin i t cc
nc tin tin ri em v da vo k thut trin khai mt cch hp l
vi kh hu nc ta gim thiu ti a thit hi do vic nc bin dng.

V pha chnh quyn a phng cn c s quan tm ng mc v

kp thi ti s pht trin nng nghip ca vng, lp ra cc on nh nghin
cu trc tip i xung cc vng nng nghip xem c vn g bt n ang
xy ra khng cng nh ngi dn c g kh khn c th trao i trc tip, x
l tnh hnh.

Nc bin dng , ang v s cn nh hng tt c cc mt ti

Vit Nam ni ring v th gii ni chung. T ngh nh th Kyoto hay s
thng nht ti COP 2015 va qua, cng vi s chung tay ca chnh ph v
ngi dn th hi vng th gii s c cc phng php gim thiu cng nh
thch ng hu qu bin i kh hu, hn ch nc bin dng, t tc ng
ti c s h tng v nng nghip s c gim bt v gip cho nn kinh t
cc nc s c tng trng n nh.

T liu tham kho

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