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Magnetic field distribution is not homogenous in traditional coil.

Meta materials.

Size of unit cell is much smaller than the wavelength

Homogenous materials, effective refractive index.

Meta material at microwave frequency can be used to create magnetism without

magnets.

2.) Fast EM SOLVER FOR MRI Safety

Works at 3 mhz to 3.5 Mhz.

Strong form and weak form

Strong form of partial differential equation holds all the partial derivatives and
boundary condition requirements, thereby providing exact solution. The weak
form of partial differential equation diverts the differentiability requirements and
satisfaction of boundary conditions near the domain boundaries. The weak form
is easier to use in Finite element method, but the solution is approximate as the
requirements at the boundaries are weakened. This can also lay aid in inducing
periodicity in the domain reducing the computational effort. Employing the
symmetric boundary condition helps in quickening the solver. The group focusses
on using generalized minimal residual method (GMRES), it is an iterative method
for the numerical solution of a non-symmetric system of linear equations. The
method gets expensive as the number of iterations increases, so a
preconditioner method is used to speed up convergence. The large sparse
matrices encountered in the iteration are inversed, so the preconditioner
converts them into column matrices quickening the solution. The GMRES needs
to solve over three million variables which is a daunting task.

Decreasing the order of higher differential equation to lower orders by changing

decrease the order of higher differential equation to the lower orders, you are changing from
strong to weak form. This is to solve the problem easier while the conditions to solve in strong
form are very hard to manipulate easily.

Highly inhomogenous object (brain, contains grey matter and densities of limbic
brain and peripheral brain vary) requires calculation of volume integral equation
(VIE)

Magnetic field can be used to calculate absorption rate, say the amount of
radiation.
In order to avoid burning of tissue, we need accurate calculation of both electric
and magnetic field.

FORWARD SCATTERING PROBLEM

Permetivity and conductivity distribution of hman brain are highly inhomogenous

amng grey matter and white matter. Using Volume integral equation (VIE).

Strong and weak form used to form AX=B.

Lot o fmethods to calcutet matrices.

Electrical field distribution of human brain.

3.) maxwell equations

Electrical property mismatch among different matter of brain (3).

2- cancer detection, using electrical propertis of cancer tisse is different from

healthy tissue.

EPR from MRI scanner.

Numerical and iterative procedure for having a good EPM.

Finite element method, used to check the discontinuity in electrical conductivity

in human body.

4) PORTABLE MRI SCANNER

Usual mri is big and bulky ans also costs 4 mill.

In house MRI system.