1

4.2
139 140

A
1.i)
( 3x 3 + 6x 2 17x + 20 ) : ( x + 3 )
.

3x 3 + 6x 2 17x + 20 x+3
3x 3 9x 2 3x 2 3x 8
3x 2 17x + 20
+3x 2 + 9x
8x + 20
+8x + 24
44

H 3x + 6x 17x + 20 = ( x + 3 )( 3x 3x 8 ) + 44
3 2 2

1.ii)
( x 4 81 ) : ( x 3 )
.

x4 81 x 3
x 4 + 3x 3 x 3 + 3x 2 + 9x + 27
3x 3 81
3x 3 + 9x 2
9x 2 81
9x + 27x
2

27x 81
27x + 81
0
H x 4 81 = ( x 3 )( x 3 + 3x 2 + 9x + 27 )
 2

1.iii)
( 24x 5 + 20x 3 16x 2 15 ) : ( 6x 2 + 5 )
.

24x 5 + 20x 3 16x 2 15 6x 2 + 5

8
24x 5 20x 3 4x
3

3
16x 2
15
2 40
16x +
3
5

3
8 5
H 24x + 20x 16x 15 = ( 6x + 5 )( 4x )
5 3 2 2 3

3 3

1.iv)
( 2x 4 + 4x 3 5x 2 + 3x 2 ) : ( x 2 + 2x 3 )
.

2x 4 + 4x 3 5x 2 + 3x 2 x 2 + 2x 3
2x 4 4x 3 + 6x 2 2x 2 + 1
x 2 + 3x 2
x 2 2x + 3
x +1

H 2x 4 + 4x 3 5x 2 + 3x 2 = ( x 2 + 2x 3 )( 2x 2 + 1 ) + x + 1
 3

1.v)
x 4 : ( x 1)
3
.

( x 1) = x 3x + 3x 1
3 3 2

x4 x 3 3x 2 + 3x 1
x 4 + 3x 3 3x 2 + x x+3
3x 3x + x
3 2

3x 3 + 9x 2 9x + 3
6x 2 8x + 3

x 4 = ( x 3x + 3x 1 )( x + 3 ) + 6x 8x + 3
3 2 2
H
( x 1)
3
( x + 3 ) + 6x 8x + 3
2
x4 =

1.vi)
( x + 7 ) : ( x 3 1 )
5

.

x5 + 7 x3 1
x 5 + x 2 x2
x2 + 7

H x5 + 7 = ( x3 1 ) x 2 + x 2 + 7

2.
( 18x 6x + 4x 2 ) : ( x + 1 )
80 50 20

(x) = 18x 80 6x 50 + 4x 20 2 .
= (1) = 18 ( 1) 6 ( 1) + 4 ( 1) 2 = 18 6 + 4 2 = 14
80 50 20
 4

3.
k x 1
g(x) = k x + 3kx 4
2 4 2

g(1) = 0 k 1 + 3k1 4 = 0
2 4 2

k 2 + 3k 4 = 0

3 5
= 9 + 16 = 25 k= = 1 4
2

4.i)
Horner
( x 3 + 75x 250 ) : ( x + 10 )

1 0 75 250 10

10 100 250
1 10 25 0

(x) = x 2 + 10x 25 = 0

4.ii)
Horner
( x 3 + 512 ) : ( x + 8 )

1 0 0 512 8

8 64 512
1 8 64 0

(x) = x 2 8x + 64 = 0
 5

4.ii)
Horner
( x5 + 1) : ( x 1 )

1 0 0 0 0 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 2

(x) = x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + x + 1 =2

4.iv)
Horner
3x 4 : ( x 2 )

3 0 0 0 0 2

6 12 24 48
3 6 12 24 48

(x) = 3x 3 6x 2 12x 24 = 48

4.v)
Horner
1
( 4x + 16x 23x 15 ) : ( x + )
3 2

1
4 16 23 15
2

2 7 15
4 14 30 0

(x) = 4x 2 + 14x 30 =0
 6

5.
(x) = 2x 3 2x 2 x + 2409 , (11)

2 2 1 2409 11

22 220 2431
2 20 221 4840

(11) = 4840

6.i)
x + 3
(x) = x 4 25x 2 + 144

1 0 25 0 144 3

3 9 48 144
1 3 16 48 0

= 0 x + 3 (x) = x 25x + 144

4 2

6.ii)
1
x
4
(x) = 16x 4 8x 3 + 9x 2 + 14x 4

1
16 8 9 14 4
4

4 1 2 4
16 4 8 16 0

1
= 0 x (x) = 16x 4 8x 3 + 9x 2 + 14x 4
4
 7

6.iii)
x 1 3
(x) = x 3x + 2
3 2

x 1 3 = x (1 + 3)

1 3 0 2 1+ 3

1+ 3 1 3 2
1 2 + 3 1 3 0

= 0 x 1 3 (x) = x 3 3x 2 + 2

7.
, x + y
x y .

(x) = x y , (x) = x + y = x ( y) x

(x) : (x)
= (y ) = ( y ) y

( y)

=y . = 0
x + y x y .

8.

x .
i) (x) = 4x 4 + 7x 2 + 12 ii) Q(x) = 5x 6 3x 2 4

i)
(x) : ( x )
= ( ) = 4 4 + 7 2 + 12 > 0
x (x)

ii)
Q(x) : ( x )
= Q( ) = 5 6 3 2 4 < 0
x Q(x)
 8

9.
, x + 1 x + 1 .
( x + 1 ) : ( x + 1 )

1 0 0 0 .0 1 1

1 1 1. 1 1
1 1 1 1 . 1 0

= 0 x + 1 x + 1 .

x 1 x 2 + x 3 . . . x + 1 .
( x + 1 ) : ( x + 1 )
1
x + 1 = ( x + 1 )( x x 2 + x 3 . . . x + 1 )

10.i)
( 3x 2 2x 8 2 ) : ( x 2 )

3x 2 2x 8 2 x 2
3x 2 + 6x 3x + 4
4x 8 2
4x + 8 2
0

10.ii)
( x 3 + x 2 2 x 3 ) : ( x + )

x 3 + x 2 2 x 3 x+
x 3 x 2 x 2 2
2 x 3
2x + 3
0
 9

O
1.
, , x
x , (, ).

= k, k .

x = x k k = ( x ) ( )
k k
=

) ( x ) + ( x ) ( )
k 1 k2 k 1
= ( x

+ . . . +

x x .
 10

2.
i) (x)

x + , 0 = ( ).

ii) , x 3 +
x + .

i)
(x) : (x + )
(x) = (x + ) (x) + (1)

(1) x = ( ) = + +


( ) = [ + ] +


( )= 0 +


( ) =

ii)
(x) = x 3 +
T x 3 + x +
(x) : ( x + ) 0, i),
3

( ) = 0 + = 0

3
3 + = 0


3
+ = 0

2

3 + 2 = 0
( 2 2 ) = 0
= 0 2 2 = 0
=0 2 = 2 =0 = =
 11

3.
Horner ,
(x) = 2x 6x + 5x 3x + 2 ( x 1 )( x 2 )
4 3 2

Horner (x) : ( x 1 )

2 6 5 3 2 1

2 4 1 2
2 4 1 2 0

(x) = ( x 1 )( 2x 3 4x 2 + x 2 )

2x 3 4x 2 + x 2 = (x). (x) = ( x 1 ) (x) (1)

Horner (x) : ( x 2 )

2 4 1 2 2

4 0 2
2 0 1 0

(x) = ( x 2 )( 2x 2 + 1 )

(1) (x) = ( x 1 )( x 2 )( 2x 2 + 1 )
(x) ( x 1 )( x 2 ) 2x 2 + 1
 12

4.
(x) = ( x + 1) x
2 2
2x 1 , 0
2x 3 + 3x 2 + x .

2x + 3x + x = x ( 2x + 3x + 1 ).
3 2 2

1
2x + 3x + 1 ,
2
1
2
1
2x 3 + 3x 2 + x 0, 1,
2
1
x , x +1, x+
2

(0) = ( 0 + 1) 0 2 2 0 1 = 1 0 0 1 = 0
2

x 0 = x (x)

(1) = ( 1 + 1) (1) 2 2 (1) 1 = 0 1 + 2 1 = 0

2

x + 1 (x)

2 2 2
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
( ) = ( ) + 1 ( ) 2( ) 1 = +1 1 = 0
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
x + (x)
2
 13

5.
, , (x) = x +1 + x + 1
( x 1)
2
.

( x 1)
2
(x), ,
x 1 (1) = 0
1+1 + 1 + 1 = 0
+ +1 = 0 = ( + 1) . (1)

(x) = x +1 ( + 1)x + 1 = x +1 x x + 1
= x (x 1) (x 1)
= x (x 1) (x 1)(x 1 + x 2 + . . . + 1)
= (x 1) x x + x


( 1 2
+ . . . +1
)

1
(
x x + x + . . . + 1 = (x).
2
) (x) = ( x 1 ) (x).

( x 1)
2
(x), , , (x)
x 1 (1) = 0
(
1 11 + 12 + . . . + 1 = 0
)
(1 + 1 + . . . + 1) = 0
= 0
=
(1) = ( + 1)