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Disadvantages of Layered Protocols and Signal Analysis

The document contains solved problems related to communication systems including: 1. Listing major disadvantages of layered approach as increased overhead from control data and more interrupts from smaller packets. 2. Designing architectures with 8 and 6 layers and justifying each. 3. Decomposing a signal into sinusoidal components and finding the amplitude, frequency, and phase of each. 4. Finding the period of a function. 5. Calculating channel capacity given bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. 6. Determining required signal-to-noise ratio to achieve a given channel capacity. 7. Calculating data transmission rate of a system transporting floppy disks via airliner.

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Rozita Rahman
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162 views3 pages

Disadvantages of Layered Protocols and Signal Analysis

The document contains solved problems related to communication systems including: 1. Listing major disadvantages of layered approach as increased overhead from control data and more interrupts from smaller packets. 2. Designing architectures with 8 and 6 layers and justifying each. 3. Decomposing a signal into sinusoidal components and finding the amplitude, frequency, and phase of each. 4. Finding the period of a function. 5. Calculating channel capacity given bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio. 6. Determining required signal-to-noise ratio to achieve a given channel capacity. 7. Calculating data transmission rate of a system transporting floppy disks via airliner.

Uploaded by

Rozita Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assignment No.

Q.2.2 List the major disadvantages with the layered approach to protocols.

Ans:

1. Each PDU contains a certain amount of control information. Hence the smaller the
block, the greater the percentage overhead.
2. PDU arrival may generate an interrupt that must be serviced. Smaller blocks result in
more interrupts.
3. More time is spent processing smaller, more numerous PDUs.

Q.2.5 Based on the principles enunciated in Table below design architecture with eight
Layers and make a case for it. Design one with six layers and made a case for that.

Ans:
An architecture An architecture
with eight layers with eight layers
User Application
Application Presentation

Presentation Transport
Session
Network
Transport
Data Link
Network
Physical
Data Link

Physical
Q: 3.5 Decompose the signal (1 + 0.1cos5t)cos100t into a linear combination of sinusoidal
function, and find the amplitude ,frequency, and phase of each component.

Ans:
s(t) = (1 + 0.1cos5t)cos100t
= cos100t + 0.1cos100tcos5t
= cos100t + 0.05cos(100+5)t + 0.05cos(100-5)t
= cos250/t + 0.05cos2105/2t + 0.05cos295/2t
= sin(250/t + /2) + 0.05sin(2105/2t + /2) + 0.05sin(295/2t + /2)

Component Amplitude Frequency Phase


sin(250/t + /2) 1 50/ /2
0.05sin(2105/2t + /2) 0.05 105/2 /2
0.05sin(295/2t + /2) 0.05 95/2 /2

Q: 3.5 : Find the period of the function f(t) = (10cost)2 .

Ans:
f(t) = (10cost) 2
= 100costcost
= 50(1 + cos2t)
= 50(1 + cos21/t)
Than, period T = .

Q: 3.13 : what is the channel capacity for a teleprinter channel with a 300-Hz bandwidth
and a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 dB?
Ans:
S/NdB = 3dB = 10 log10(S/N)
S/N = 103/10
C = W log2 (1 + S/N)
= 300 log2 ( 1 + 103/10 ) bps
So, channel capacity is 300 log2 ( 1 + 103/10 )bps.

Q 3.17: Given a channel with an intended capacity of 20 Mbps, the bandwidth of the
Channel is 3 MHz. What signal-to-noise ratio is required to achieve this capacity?

Ans:
C = W log2 (1 + S/N)
20 * 106 = 3 * 106 log2 (1 + S/N)
20/3 = log2 (1 + S/N)
S/N = 220/3 - 1
So, signal-to-noise ratio is 220/3 - 1.

Q 4.1: Suppose that data are stored on 1.4-Mbyte floppy diskettes that weigh 30 g each.
Suppose that a airliner carrier 104 kg of these floppies at a speed of 1000km/h over a
distance of 5000km. What is the data transmission rate in bits per second of this
system?

Ans:

Transmission rate = (1.4 * 106 * 8 * (104 * 103 / 30) ) / ((5000/1000) * 3600)


= (1.4 * 8 * 106 * 104 ) / (5 * 36 * 3)
= 2.074074 * 108 (bps)

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