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S GIO DC V O TO NAM NH
TRNG THPT A NGHA HNG NAM NH
TI LIU N THI VO LP 10
MN TON
Thc hin V Vn Bc
Website: http://parksungbuyl.wordpress.com/
x2 x xx
Bi ton 1.1 Cho biu thc P vi x 0, x 1.
x x 1 x 1
a) Rt gn biu thc P
b) Tm x khi P 0.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh vo lp 10 tnh Nam nh nm 2011)
Li gii. a) Vi x 0, x 1 ta c
3
x x x 1 x 1 x x x 1
x x 1
P
x x 1 x 1 x x 1 x 1
x
x 1 x x 1
x x 1
x x
x 1 x
x x x x 2 x.
Vy vi x 0, x 1 th P x 2 x .
b) Vi x 0, x 1 ta c
x 0 x 0 x 0
P 0 x2 x 0 x
x 2 0
x 4
x 2 0 x 2
i chiu vi iu kin x 0, x 1 ta thy hai gi tr ny u tha mn.
Vy vi P 0 th x 0, x 4.
MT S CU HI M CHO BI TON
Cu hi m 1. Rt gn P khi x 3 2 2.
Ta c x 3 2 2 12 2.1. 2 ( 2) 2 (1 2) 2
Khi , vi x 0, x 1 th x (1 2) 2 1 2
Do P x 2 x 3 2 2 2(1 2) 3 2 2 2 2 2 1.
Vy vi x 3 2 2 th P 1.
Cu hi m 2. Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
Vi x 0, x 1 ta c P x 2 x ( x )2 2 x 1 1 ( x 1) 2 1
V x 1 nn ( x 1)2 0 ( x 1) 2 1 1
Vy vi x 0, x 1 th P khng c gi tr nh nht.
Trong loi cu hi ny, ta cn ch n iu kin xc nh. Chng hn vi iu kin
x 4 ta rt gn c P x x th ta s khng lm nh trn m s lm nh sau
Vi x 4 ta c P x 2 x x x ( x 2) x
V x 4 x 2 x 0, x 2 0 x ( x 2) x 0 2 2
Vy min P 2 , du bng xy ra khi v ch khi x 4 (tha mn iu kin).
Cu hi m 3. Chng minh rng P 1 th ta lm nh trn nhng kt lun l
P 1.
Cu hi m 4. Tm s nguyn x P c gi tr nguyn.
V d trn, ta c P x 2 x , th thng bi s khng hi n nghim nguyn. Chng
3x
hn vi iu kin x 1 ta rt gn c P , bi hi: tm s nguyn x P nhn
x 1
gi tr nguyn th ta lm nh sau
3x 3( x 1) 3 3
Vi x 1 , ta c P 3
x 1 x 1 x 1
3 3
T vi x l s nguyn, P 3 3M ( x 1)
x 1 x 1
Tng ng vi x 1 l c ca 3, m c ca 3 l 3; 1;1;3 ( x 1) 3; 1;1;3
M x 1 x 1 2 x 1 3 x 2 (tha mn iu in)
Kt lun: vy x 2 l gi tr cn tm.
Ta xt thm mt bi ton na l mt cu trong chung chuyn L Hng Phong Nam
nh nm 2011.
3 x 1 1 1
Bi ton 1.2 Cho biu thc P : vi x 0, x 1.
x 1 x 1 x x
a) Rt gn biu thc B
b) Tm x 2 P x 3.
( chung Chuyn L Hng Phong Nam nh nm 2011)
Li gii. a) Vi x 0, x 1 ta c
3 x 1 x 1
B x x
( x 1)( x 1) ( x 1)( x 1)
3 x 1 x 1
x ( x 1).
( x 1)( x 1)
x (2 x 2) 2 x ( x 1)
2 x.
x 1 x 1
Vy vi x 0, x 1 th P 2 x .
b) Vi x 0, x 1 v P 2 x ta c
2P x 3 4 x x 3
x4 x 3 0
x x 3 x 3 0
x ( x 1) 3( x 1) 0
( x 1)( x 3) 0
x 1 0 x 1 x 1
x 3 0 x 3 x 9
Kt hp vi iu kin nu trn th ch c x 9 tha mn bi ton.
B. CC BI TON RN LUYN
a 2 5 1
Bi 1: Cho biu thc P
a 3 a a 6 2 a
a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm gi tr ca a P 1.
x x 3 x 2 x2
Bi 2: Cho biu thc P = 1 :
x 2 3 x x 5 x 6
x 1
a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm gi tr ca x P 0.
x 1 1 8 x 3 x 2
Bi 3: Cho biu thc P = : 1
3 x 1
3 x 1 3 x 1 9 x 1
a) Rt gn P.
6
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x P .
5
a 1 2 a
Bi 4: Cho biu thc P = 1 :
a 1 a a a a 1
a 1
a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm gi tr ca a P 1.
c) Tm gi tr ca P nu a 19 8 3
a (1 a )2 1 a 3 1 a3
Bi 5: Cho biu thc P = : a . a
1 a 1 a 1 a
a) Rt gn P
b) Xt du ca biu thc M a ( P 0,5).
x 1 2x x x 1 2x x
Bi 6: Cho biu th P = 1 : 1
2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1
a) Rt gn P
3 2 2
b) Tnh gi tr ca P khi x .
2
2 x 1 x
Bi 7: Cho biu thc P = : 1
x x x x 1 x 1 x 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm x P 0
2a 1 a 1 a3
Bi 8: Cho biu thc P = . a
3
a a 1 1 a
a
a) Rt gn P
b) Xt du ca biu thc P 1 a
1 1 2x x 1 2x x x x
Bi 9: Cho biu thc P :
1 x x 1 x 1 x x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh gi tr ca P vi x 7 4 3
c) Tnh gi tr ln nht ca a P a.
1 a a 1 a a
Bi 10: Cho biu thc P = a . a
1 a 1 a
a) Rt gn P.
b) Tm a P 7 4 3.
2 x x 3x 3 2 x 2
Bi 11: Cho biu thc P = : 1
x 3 x 3 x 9 x 3
a) Rt gn P
1
b) Tm x P
2
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
x3 x 9x x 3 x 2
Bi 12: Cho biu thc P = 1 :
x9 x x 6 2 x x 3
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca x P < 1
15 x 11 3 x 2 2 x 3
Bi 13: Cho biu thc P =
x 2 x 3 1 x x 3
a) Rt gn P
1
b) Tm cc gi tr ca x P
2
2
c) Chng minh P .
3
2 x x m2
Bi 14: Cho biu thc P = vi m > 0
x m x m 4 x 4m 2
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh x theo m P = 0.
c) Xc nh cc gi tr ca m x tm c cu b tho mn iu kin x 1.
a2 a 2a a
Bi 15: Cho biu thc P = 1
a a 1 a
a) Rt gn P
b) Bit a 1 hy so snh P vi P
c) Tm a P = 2
d) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P
a 1 ab a a 1 ab a
Bi 16: Cho biu thc P = 1 : 1
ab 1 ab 1 ab 1 ab 1
a) Rt gn biu thc P.
3 1
b) Tnh gi tr ca P nu a = 2 3 v b =
1 3
c) Tm gi tr nh nht ca P nu a b4
a a 1 a a 1 1 a 1 a 1
Bi 17: Cho biu thc P = a
a a a a a a 1 a 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Vi gi tr no ca a th P = 7
c) Vi gi tr no ca a th P 6.
2
a 1 a 1 a 1
Bi 18: Cho biu thc P =
2 2 a a 1
a 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm cc gi tr ca a P 0
c) Tm cc gi tr ca a P 2
a) Tm iu kin P c ngha.
b) Rt gn P
c) Tnh gi tr ca P khi a = 2 3 v b = 3
x2 x 1 x 1
Bi 20: Cho biu thc P = :
x x 1 x x 1 1 x 2
a) Rt gn P
b) Chng minh rng P > 0 vi x 1
2 x x 1 x 2
Bi 21: Cho biu thc P = : 1
x x 1 x 1 x x 1
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh P khi x = 5 2 3
3x
1 2 1
Bi 22: Cho biu thc P = 1 : 2 :
2 x 4 x 42 x 42 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm gi tr ca x P = 20
1 3 ab 1 3 ab ab
Bi 24: Cho P = .
:
a b a a b b a b a a b b a ab b
a) Rt gn P
b) Tnh P khi a = 16 v b = 4
2a a 1 2 a a a a a a
Bi 25: Cho biu thc P = 1 .
2 a 1
1 a 1 a a
a) Rt gn P
6
b) Cho P = tm gi tr ca a
1 6
2
c) Chng minh rng P .
3
x5 x 25 x x 3 x 5
Bi 26: Cho biu thc:P= 1 :
x 25 x 2 x 15 x 5 x 3
a) Rt gn P
b) Vi gi tr no ca x th P 1.
Bi 27: Cho biu thc P =
3 a
3a
1 a 1. a b
:
a ab b a a b b a b 2a 2 ab 2b
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm nhng gi tr nguyn ca a P c gi tr nguyn
1 1 a 1 a 2
Bi 28: Cho biu thc P = :
a 1 a a 2 a 1
a) Rt gn P
1
b) Tm gi tr ca a P .
6
1 1 2 1 1 x3 y x x y y 3
Bi 29: Cho biu thc P = . :
x y x y x y x 3 y xy 3
a) Rt gn P
b) Cho x.y = 16. Xc nh x, y P c gi tr nh nht.
x3 2x 1 x
Bi 30: Cho biu thc P = .
xy 2 y x x 2 xy 2 y 1 x
a) Rt gn P
b) Tm tt c cc s nguyn dng x y = 625 v P 0, 2.
4m 4m 1
p dng h thc Viet ta c x1 x2 ; x1 x2 , nn
m 1 m 1
9(4m 1) 2.16m 2
0 9(m 1)(4m 1) 32m2 0
m 1 (m 1)2
36m 2 27m 9 32m 2 0 4m 2 27 m 9 0
n y cc em lm tip, ch iu kin PT c 2 nghim phn bit.
B. CC BI TON RN LUYN
b) t A x12 x22 6 x1 x2
i) Chng minh A m 2 8m 8
ii) Tm m A = 8
iii) Tm gi tr nh nht ca A v gi tr ca m tng ng
c) Tm m sao cho phng trnh c nghim ny bng hai ln nghim kia.
Bi 14: Cho phng trnh x 2 2mx 2m 1 0
a) Chng t rng phnh trnh c nghim x1; x2 vi mi m.
b) t A = 2( x12 x22 ) 5 x1 x2
i) Chng minh A = 8m 2 18m 9
ii) Tm m sao cho A = 27
c) Tm m sao cho phng trnh c nghim ny bng hai ln nghim kia.
Bi 15: Gi s phng trnh a.x 2 bx c 0 c 2 nghim phn bit x1; x2 . t
S n x1n x2n vi n l s nguyn dng.
a) Chng minh a.S n 2 bS n 1 cSn 0
5 5
1 5 1 5
b) p dng tnh gi tr ca A =
2
2
Bi 16: Cho f ( x ) x 2 2(m 2) x 6m 1
a) Chng minh phng trnh f ( x ) 0 c nghim vi mi m.
b) t x t 2 , tnh f ( x ) theo t, t tm iu kin i vi m phng trnh
f ( x ) 0 c 2 nghim ln hn 2.
Bi 17: Cho phng trnh x 2 2m 1x m 2 4m 5 0
a) Xc nh gi tr ca m phng trnh c nghim.
b) Xc nh gi tr ca m phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit u dng.
c) Xc nh m phng trnh c hai nghim c gi tr tuyt i bng nhau v tri du
nhau.
d) Gi x1; x2 l hai nghim nu c ca phng trnh. Tnh x12 x22 theo m.
Bi 18: Cho phng trnh x 2 4 x 3 8 0 c hai nghim l x1; x2 . Khng gii phng
6 x12 10 x1 x2 6 x22
trnh, hy tnh gi tr ca biu thc M
5 x1 x23 5 x13 x2
VN 3. H PHNG TRNH I S
1 1 1 1
Hng dn. K x , y , t a , b vi a, b 0.
4 4 12 x 3 4y 1
10a 5b 1
Khi , ta c h phng trnh mi
7a 8b 1
n y cc em lm tip, ch i chiu vi K khi tm ra kt qu.
Bi ton 3.2 Gii h phng trnh sau
1 1
4
x y
x(1 4 y ) y 2.
(Trch thi tuyn sinh vo lp 10 tnh Nam nh nm 2011)
1 1
Li gii. K x, y 0 , khi 4 x y 4 xy
x y
Do x(1 4 y ) y 2 x 4 xy y 2 x x y y 2
2( x y ) 2 x y 1
1 1
M 4 xy x y 4 xy 1 xy . Nh vy x y 1 ; xy .
4 4
Do x, y l nghim ca PT
2
2 1 1 1 1
t t 0 t 0 t 0 t
4 2 2 2
1
T x y (tha mn K).
2
1 1
Vy x; y ; l nghim duy nht ca HPT cho.
2 2
( x y )( x y ) 4( x y ) 0 ( x y )( x y 4) 0
x y 0 x y
x y 4 0 y x 4
+ Vi x y th vo x 2 x 1 3 y ta c
x 2 x 1 3x x 2 2 x 1 0 ( x 1) 2 0 x 1 0 x 1
Do ( x; y ) (1;1) l mt nghim ca HPT cho.
+ Vi y x 4 th vo x 2 x 1 3 y ta c
x 2 x 1 3( x 4) x 2 4 x 13 0 ( x 2) 2 9 0 (*)
Mt khc ( x 2)2 0 ( x 2) 2 9 9 0 , do (*) v nghim.
Vy ( x; y ) (1;1) l nghim duy nht ca HPT cho.
Nhn xt. Khi ta thay i v tr ca x v y cho nhau th HPT khng thay i. Vi nhng
HPT i xng nh trn, th ta s tr v cc PT vi nhau (thng th ta s thu c x = y,
s dng kt qu ny phn tch thnh nhn t), sau th vo mt trong hai PT ca h
ri gii PT mt n. Ta d dng chng minh c x v y dng bng cch lm sau y:
2 2
1 3 1 3
x x 1 x ; y2 y 1 y .
2
2 4 2 4
Bin y 2 y ta c HPT kh hn mt cht
2
x x 1 6 y
2
4 y 2 y 1 3 x.
i khi ngi ta li cho HPT gn i xng, chng hn ta xt bi ton sau.
Bi ton 3.5 Gii h phng trnh sau
x 2 1 2 y
2
y y 1 3 x.
Hng dn. Tr v i v hai PT ta c
x 2 1 y 2 y 1 2 y 3x x 2 y 2 3 x 3 y 0
n y cc em gii nh bi ton trn.
Bi ton 3.6 Gii h phng trnh sau
x 2 3xy y 2 5
2 2
2 x 2 xy 4 y 4.
Li gii. HPT cho tng ng vi
4 x 2 3 xy y 2 20
5 2 x 2 xy 4 y 20
2 2
4 x 2 3 xy y 2 5 2 x 2 2 xy 4 y 2
6 x 2 16 y 2 22 xy 0
3 x 2 8 y 2 11xy 0
3 x 2 3xy 8 y 2 8 xy 0
3 x( x y ) 8 y ( x y ) 0
( x y )(3 x 8 y ) 0
x y 0 x y
3x 8 y 0 y 3x / 8
+ Vi x = y, th vo HPT cho ta c
2 2 2 2
x 3x x 5 5 x 5
2 2 2
2 x 2 1 x 1
2 x 2 x 4 x 4 4 x 4
Ta c x 1 y 1, x 1 y 1 ( x; y ) (1;1), (1; 1) l 2 nghim ca HPT.
+ Vi y 3 x / 8 , cc em lm tng t nh trn.
Nhn xt. gii bi ton trn ta c th lm nh sau
x 2 5
+ Xt y 0 2 HPT ny v nghim nn y = 0 khng tha mn.
2 x 4
+ Xt y 0 , t x yt th vo HPT cho ta c
y t 3t 1 5
2 2 2 2 2
y t 3 yt. y y 5
22
y 2t 2t 4 4
2 2 2
2 y t 2 yt. y 4 y 4
y 2 t 2 3t 1
5 t 2 3t 1 5
V y khc 0 nn ta c 2 2 2
y 2t 2t 4 4 2t 2t 4 4
B. CC BI TON RN LUYN
m 1x y m 1
x m 1 y 2
Bi 2: Xc nh a v b h phng trnh sauc v s nghim
2 x by 4
bx ay 5
VN 4. CC BI TON V TH HM S
Xt parabol ( P) : y ax 2 v ng thng (d ) : y mx n
Honh giao im ca (P) v (d) l nghim ca phng trnh
ax 2 mx n 0 (*) (Cn lu thut ng ny trong gii ton)
(d) ct (P) ti 2 im phn bit khi v ch khi (*) c hai nghim phn bit.
(d) ct (P) khi v ch khi (*) c nghim.
(d) tip xc vi (P) khi v ch khi (*) c nghim kp.
Ngoi ra cc em cn ch n bi ton tm m hai ng thng song song
vi nhau, vung gc vi nhau, hm s ng bin, nghch bin.
B. CC BI TON RN LUYN
Bi 1: Cho hm s y (m 2) x n (d ). Tm gi tr ca m v n th (d) ca hm s.
a) i qua hai im A(1; 2), B(3; 4).
b) Ct trc tung ti im c tung bng 1 2 v ct trc honh ti im c
honh bng 2 2.
c) Ct ng thng x 2 y 3 0.
d) Song song vii ng thng 3 x 2 y 1.
Bi 2: Cho hm s y 2x 2 (P).
a) V th (P).
b) Tm trn th cc im cch u hai trc to .
c) Xt s giao im ca (P) vi ng thng (d) : y mx 1 theo m.
d) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d') i qua im M(0;-2) v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 3: Cho (P) : y x 2 v ng thng (d) : y 2 x m
a) Xc nh m hai ng
i) Tip xc nhau. Tm to tip im.
ii) Ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A v B, mt im c honh x 1.
Tm honh im cn li. Tm to A v B.
b) Trong trng hp tng qut, gi s (d) ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M v N. Tm
to trung im I ca on MN theo m v tm qu tch ca im I khi m thay i.
Bi 4: Cho ng thng (d) : 2( m 1) x ( m 2) y 2
a) Tm m ng thng (d) ct (P) : y x 2 ti hai im phn bit A v B.
b) Tm to trung im I ca on AB theo m.
c) Tm m (d) cch gc to mt khong Max.
d) Tm im c nh m (d) i qua khi m thay i.
Bi 5: Cho (P) : y x 2
a) Tm tp hp cc im M sao cho t c th k c hai ng thng vung
gc vi nhau v tip xc vi (P).
c) Thit lp cng thc tnh khong cch gia hai im bt k. p dng tm m sao cho
khong cch gia hai im A v B bng 3 2
Bi 16: Cho im A(-2;2) v ng thng d1 : y 2( x 1).
a) im A c thuc d1 khng.
b) Tm a hm s y a.x 2 (P) i qua A.
c) Xc nh phng trnh ng thng d 2 i qua A v vung gc vi d1 .
d) Gi A v B l giao im ca (P) v d 2 ; C l giao im ca d1 vi trc tung.
Tm to ca B v C. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
1
Bi 17: Cho (P) : y x 2 v ng thng (d) qua hai im A v B trn (P) c honh
4
lm lt l -2 v 4.
a) Kho st s bin thin v v th (P) ca hm s trn.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d).
c) Tm im M trn cung AB ca (P) tng ng honh x 2;4 sao cho tam
gic MAB c din tch ln nht.
x2
Bi 18: Cho (P) : y v im M (1;-2).
4
a) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua M v c h s gc l m.
b) Chng minh -+(d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B khi m thay i.
c) Gi xA ; xB ln lt l honh ca A v B. Xc nh m x A2 xB x A xB2 t gi tr
nh nht v tnh gi tr .
d) Gi A' v B' ln lt l hnh chiu ca A v B trn trc honh v S l din tch t
gic AA'B'B. Tnh S theo m.
Bi 19: Cho hm s y x 2 (P)
a) V (P).
b) Gi A, B l hai im thuc (P) c honh ln lt l -1 v 2. Vit phng
trnh ng thng AB.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi AB v tip xc vi (P).
1
Bi 20: Cho parabol (P) : y x 2 v ng thng (d): y mx 2m 1
4
a) V (P).
b) Tm m sao cho (P) v (d) tip xc nhau. Tm to tip im.
c) Chng t rng (d) lun i qua mt im c nh.
1
Bi 21: Cho (P) : y x 2 v im I(0;-2). Gi (d) l ng thng qua I v c h s
4
gc m.
a) V (P) v chng minh (d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit A v B.
b) Tm gi tr ca m on AB ngn nht.
x2
Bi 22: Cho (P) : y v ng thng (d) i qua im I (3 / 2;1) c h s gc l m.
4
a) V (P) v vit phng trnh (d).
b) Tm m sao cho (d) tip xc (P).
c) Tm m sao cho (d) v (P) c hai im chung phn bit.
x2 x
Bi 23: Cho (P) : y v ng thng (d) : y 2
4 2
a) V (P) v (d).
b) Tm to giao im ca (P) v (d).
c) Tm to ca im thuc (P) sao cho ti ng tip tuyn ca (P) song song
vi (d).
Bi 24: Cho (P) : y x 2
a) V (P).
b) Gi A v B l hai im thuc (P) c honh ln lt l -1 v 2. Vit phng trnh
ng thng AB.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi AB v tip xc vi (P).
Bi 25: Cho (P) : y 2x 2
a) V (P).
b) Trn (P) ly im A c honh x = 1 v im B c honh x = 2. Xc nh cc
gi tr ca m v n ng thng (d) : y = mx + n tip xc vi (P) v song song vi
AB.
Bi 26: Xc nh gi tr ca m hai ng thng d1 : x y m ; d 2 : mx y 1 ct
nhau ti mt im trn ( P) : y 2 x 2 .
Bi 15: Mt ca n chy trn sng trong 7 gi , xui dng 108 Km v ngc dng 63 Km.
Mt ln khc , ca n cng chy trong 7 gi, xui dng 81 Km v ngc dng 84 Km .
Tnh vn tc dng nc chy v vn tc ring ( thc ) ca ca n.
Bi 26: Hai t cng nhn lm chung trong 12 gi s hon thnh xong cng vic nh .
H lm chung vi nhau trong 4 gi th t th nht c iu i lm vic khc , t th hai
lm nt cng vic cn li trong 10 gi . Hi t th hai lm mt mnh th sau bao lu s
hon thnh cng vic.
Cu I
2a 1 a 1 a 3
Cho biu thc P = . a
3 3
a 1 a a 1 1 a
1) Rt gn P
2) Xt du ca biu thc P 1 a .
Cu II
Mt ca n xui t A n B vi vn tc 30km/h, sau li ngc t B v A. Thi
gian xui t hn thi gian ngc 1h20 pht. Tnh khong cch gia hai bn A v B
bit rng vn tc dng nuc l 5km/h v vn tc ring ca ca n khi xui v ngc
l bng nhau.
Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A vi gc BAC nhn. Mt cung trn BC nm trong tam
gic ABC v tip xc vi AB, AC ti B v C. Trn cung BC ly mt im M ri h
ng vung gc MI, MH, MK xung cc cnh tng ng BC, AB, CA. Gi P l
giao im ca MB, IK v Q l giao im ca MC, IH.
1) Chng minh rng cc t gic BIMK, CIMH ni tip c.
2) Chng minh tia i ca tia MI l phn gic ca gc HMK.
3) Chng minh t gic MPIQ ni tip v PQ song song vi BC.
4) Gi (O2) l ng trn i qua M, P, K ; (O2) l ng trn i qua M, Q, H ; N l
giao im th hai ca (O1) v (O2) v D l trung im ca BC. Chng minh M, N,
D thng hng.
Cu IV
Tm tt c cc cp s (x, y) tho mn phng trnh 5 x 2 x ( y 2) y 2 1 0.
Cu I
1 1 a 1 a 2
Cho biu thc A = :
a 1 a a 2 a 1
1) Rt gn A
2) Tm a A 1/ 6.
Cu II
Cho phng trnh x 2 2(m 2) x m 1 0 vi m l tham s.
1) Gii phng trnh khi m 3 / 2.
2) Tm m phung trnh c hai nghim tri du.
3) Gi x1 , x2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh .Tm m
x1 1 2 x2 x2 1 2 x1 m 2 .
Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC ( AB AC , BAC 90). Gi I, K th t l cc trung im ca
AB v AC. Cc ng trn ng knh AB, AC ct nhau ti im th hai D; tia BA
ct ng trn (K) ti im th hai E, tia CA ct ng trn (I) ti im th hai F.
a) Chng minh bai im B, C, D thng hng.
b) Chng minh t gic BFEC ni tip.
c) Chng minh ba ng thng AD, BF, CE ng quy.
d) Gi H l giao im th hai ca tia DF vi ng trn ngoi tip tam gic AEF.
Hy so snh di cc on thng DH, DE.
Cu IV
Xt hai phng trnh bc hai ax 2 bx c 0 v cx 2 bx a 0. Tm h thc gia a,
b, c l iu kin cn v hai phng trnh trn c mt nghim chung duy nht.
Cu I
1 2 x 2 1 2
Cho biu thc A = :
x 1 x x x x 1 x 1 x 1
1) Rt gn A
2) Vi GT no ca x th A t GTNN v tm GTNN .
Cu II
Mt ngi i xe my t A n B cch nhau 120km vi vn tc d nh trc .Sau
khi i c 1/3 qung ng AB ngi tng vn tc ln 10km/h trn qung
ng cn li. Tm vn tc d nh v thi gian ln bnh trn ng,bit rng
ngi n B sm hn d nh 24pht.
Cu III
Cho ng trn (O) bn knh R v mt dy BC c nh. Gi A l im chnh gia ca
cung nh BC. Ly im M trn cung nh AC, k tia Bx vung gc vi tia MA I v
ct tia CM ti D.
1) Chng minh gc AMD = gc ABC v MA l tia phn gic ca gc BMD.
2) Chng minh A l tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BCD v gc BDC c ln
khng ph thuc vo v tr im M.
3) Tia DA ct tia BC ti E v ct ng trn (O) ti im th hai F, chng minh AB
l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoai tip tam gic BEF.
4) Chng minh tch P = AE.AF khng i khi M di ng. Tnh P theo bn knh R v
ABC =
Cu IV
Cho hai bt phng trnh 3mx 2m x 1 v m 2 x 0. Tm m hai bt phng
trnh trn c cng tp hp nghim.
Cu I
2x 1 1 x4
Cho biu thc P = : 1
3
x 1 x 1 x x 1
1) Rt gn P
2) Tm gi tr nguyn ca x P nhn gi tr nguyn dng.
Cu II
Mt ngi d nh i xe p t A n B cch nhau 96km trong thi gian nht
nh.Sau khi i c na qung ng ngi dng li ngh 18 pht.Do
n B ng hn ngi tng vn tc thm 2km/h trn qung ng cn li.
Tnh vn tc ban u v thi gian xe ln bnh trn ng.
Cu III
Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. ng trn ng knh AH ct
cc cnh AB, AC ln lt ti E v F.
1) Chng minh t gic AEHF l hnh ch nht.
2) Chng minh AE.AB = AF.AC
3) ng thng qua A vung gc vi EF ct cnh BC ti I. CMR: I l trung
im ca BC.
4) Chng minh nu din tch tam giac ABC gp i din tch hnh ch nht
AEHF th tam gic ABC vung cn.
Cu I
x 1 1 2
Cho biu thc P = :
x 1 x x x 1 x 1
1) Rt gn P
2) Tm x P 0.
3) Tm m P x m x .
Cu II
Mt xe ti v mt xe con cng khi hnh t A i n B. Xe ti i vi vn tc
40km/h, xe con i vi vn tc 60km/h. Saukhi mi xe i c na ng th xe
con ngh 40 pht ri chy tip n B; xe ti trn qung ng cn li tng vn
tc thm 10km/h nhng vn n B chm hn xe con na gi. Hy tnh qung -
ng AB.
Cu III
Cho ng trn (O) v mt im A nm ngoi ng trn. T A k hai tip tuyn
AB, AC v ct tuyn AMN vi ng trn (B, C, M, N thuc ng trn, AM <
AN). Gi I l giao im th hai ca ng thng CE vi ng trn (E l trung
im ca MN).
1) Chng minh A, O, E, C cng nm trn mt ng trn.
2) Chng minh gc AOC = gc BIC.
3) Chng minh BI song song vi MN.
4) Xc nh v tr ct tuyn AMN din tich tam gic AIN ln nht.
Cu I
x 4 3 x 2 x
Cho biu thc P = : .
x x 2 x 2 x x 2
1) Rt gn P
2) Tnh P bit x 6 2 5.
3) Tm cc n c x tho mn P ( x 1) x n. .
Cu II
Mt ca n chy trn sng trong 8h, xui dng 81 km v ngc dng 105km. Mt
ln khc cng chy trn khc sng , ca n ny chay trong 4h, xui dng 54km
v ngc dng 42km. Hy tnh vn tc khi xui dng v ngc dng ca ca n, bit
vn tc dng nc v vn tc ring ca ca n khng i.
Cu III
Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB = 2R, dy MN vung gc vi dy AB ti I
sao cho IA nh hn IB. Trn on MI ly im E (E khc M v I). Tia AE ct -
ng trn ti im th hai K.
1) Chng minh t gic IEKB ni tip.
2) Chng minh tam gic AME, AKM ng dng v AM 2 AE. AK .
3) Chng minh AE. AK BI .BA 4 R 2 .
4) Xc nh v tr im I sao cho chu vi tam gic MIO t GTLN.
Cu I
x2 x x 4
Cho biu thc P = x :
x 1 x 1 1 x
1) Rt gn P
2) Tm x P < 0
3) Tm GTNN ca P.
Cu II
Mt cng nhn d nh lm 150 sn phm trong mt thi gian nht nh.Sau khi
lm c 2h vi nng xut d kin, ngi ci tin cc thao tc nn tng
nng xut c 2 sn phm mi gi v v vy hon thnh 150 sn phm sm
hn d kin 30 pht. Hy tnh nng xut d kin ban u.
Cu III
Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB c nh v mt ng knh EF bt k (E khc
A,B). Tip tuyn ti B vi ng trn ct cc tia AE, AF ln lt ti H, K. T K
k ng thng vung gc vi EF ct HK ti M.
1) Chng minh t gic AEBF l hnh ch nht.
2) Chng minh t gic EFKH ni tip ng trn.
3) Chng minh AM l trung tuyn ca tam gic AHK.
4) Gi P, Q l trung im tng ng ca HB, BK. Xc nh v tr ca ng knh
EF t gic EFQP c chu vi nh nht.
Cu I
1 x 1 1 x
Cho biu thc P = x :
x x x x
1) Rt gn P
2
2) Tnh P khi x .
2 3
3) Tm x tho mn P x 6 x 3 x 4.
Cu II
hon thnh mt cng vic, hai t phi lm chung trong 6h. Sau 2h lm chung
th t hai b iu i lm vic khc , t mt hon thnh nt cng vic cn li
trong 10h. Hi nu mi t lm ring th sau bao lu s hon thnh cng vic.
Cu III
Cho ng trn (O, R) , ng thng d khng qua O ct ng trn ti hai im
phn bit A, B. T mt im C trn d (C nm ngoi ng trn), k hai tip tuyn
CM, CN ti ng trn (M, N thuc O). Gi H l trung im ca AB, ng thng
OH ct tia CN ti K.
1) Chng minh C, O, H, N thuc mt ng trn
2) Chng minh KN.KC = KH.KO
3) on thng CO ct (O) ti I, chng minh I cch u CM, CN, MN.
4) Mt ng thng i qua O v song song vi MN ct cc tia CM, CN ln lt
ti E v F. Xc nh v tr ca im C trn d sao cho din tch tam gic CEF
nh nht.
Cu I
a3 a 2 a a 1 1
Cho biu thc P = :
a 2a 1 a 1 a 1 a 1
1) Rt gn P
1 a 1
2) Tm a 1.
P 8
Cu II
Mt ca n xui dng trn mt khc sng t bn A n bn B cch nhau 80km,sau
li ngc dng n a im C cch B 72km, thi gian ca n xui dng t hn
thi gian ca n ngc dng 15 pht. Tnh vn tc ring ca ca n, bit vn tc ca
dng nc l 4km/h.
Cu III
Tm to giao im A v B ca th hai hm s y = 2x + 3 v y = x2. Gi D v
C ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A v B trn trc honh. Tnh din tch t
gic ABCD.
Cu IV
Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB = 2R, C l trung im ca OA v dy MN
vung gc vi OA ti C. Gi K l im tu trn cung nh BM, H l giao im
ca AK v MN.
Cu I
1 x x
Cho biu thc P = : .
x x 1 x x
1) Rt gn P
2) Tnh P khi x = 4
13
3) Tm x P = .
3
Cu II
Thng th nht hai t sn xut c 900 chi tit my. Thng th hai t I vt mc
15%, t II vt mc 10% so vi thng th nht. V vy hai t sn xut c
1010 chi tit my. Hi thng th nht mi t sn xut c bao nhiu chi tit
my.
Cu III
1 2
x v ng thng (d ) : y mx 1.
Cho Parabol ( P ) : y
4
1) Chng minh (d) lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit vi mi m.
2) Gi A, B l hai giao im ca (d) v (P). Tnh din tch tam gic OAB theo m.
Cu IV
Cho ng trn (O) bn knh AB = 2R v E l im bt k trn ng trn (E
khc A,B). ng phn gic gc AEB ct on thng AB ti F v ct ng trn
(O) ti im th hai K khc A.
1) Chng minh hai tam gic KAF v KEA ng dng.
2) Gi I l giao im ca ng trung trc on EF vi OE. Chng minh ng
trn (I;IE) tip xc (O) ti E v tip xc AB ti F.
3) Gi M, N ln lt l giao im th hai ca AE, BE vi ng trn (I;IE).
Chng minh MN song song vi AB.
4) Gi P l giao im ca NF v AK; Q l giao im ca MF v BK. Tm GTNN
ca chu vi tam gic KPQ theo R khi E chuyn ng trn (O).
Cu V
Tm GTNN ca biu thc A ( x 1)4 ( x 3)4 6( x 1) 2 ( x 3) 2 .
Cu I
x 3 6 x 4
Cho biu thc P =
x 1 x 1 x 1
1) Rt gn P
1
2) Tm x P < .
2
Cu II
Mt ngi i xe p t A n B cch nhau 24km.Khi t B tr v A ngi tng
vn tc thm 4km/h so vi lc i, v vy thi gian v t hn thi gian i 30 pht .
Tnh vn tc ca ngi i xe p khi i t A n B.
Cu III
Cho phng trnh x2 + bx + c = 0
1) Gii phng trnh khi b 3, c 2.
2) Tm b, c phng trnh c hai nghm phn bit v tch bng 1.
Cu IV
Cho ng trn (O; R) tip xc vi ng thng d ti A. Trn ng thng d ly
im H (H khc A) v AH < R. Qua H k ng thng vung gc vi d ct ng
trn ti hai im phn bit E, B (Enm gia B v H).
1) Chng minh gc ABE = gc EAH v ABH ~ EAH
2) Ly im C trn ng thng d sao cho H l trung im ca AC, ng thng
CE ct AB ti K. Chng minh t gic AHEK ni tip.
3) Xc nh v tr ca im H AB = R 3 .
Cu V
Cho ng thng y = (m - 1)x + 2. Tm m khong cch t gc to O ti
ng thng ln nht.
Cu I
x 2 x 3x 9
Cho P ; x 0, x 9. .
x 3 x 3 x 9
1) Rt gn P.
1
2) Tm gi tr ca x P = .
3
3) Tm GTLN ca P.
Cu II
Mt mnh t hnh ch nht c di ng cho l 13m v chiu di ln hn
chiu rng l 7m. Tnh chiu di v chiu rng ca mnh t .
Cu III
Cho Parabol (P): y = - x2 v ng thng (d) y = mx - 1
1) Chng minh vi mi m th (d) lun ct (P) ti 2 im phn bit.
2) Gi x1, x2 l cc honh giao im ca (d) v (P). Tm m
x12 x2 x22 x1 x1 x2 3.
Cu IV
Cho (O;R) ng knh AB = 2R v im C thuc ng trn (C khc A, B). D
thuc dy BC (D khc B, C). Tia AD ct cung nh BC ti E, tia AC ct BE ti F.
1) Chng minh t gic FCDE ni tip
2) Chng minh DA.DE = DB.DC
3) Chng minh CFD = OCB. Gi I l tm ng trn ngoi tip t gic FCDE,
chng minh IC l tip tuyn ca (O).
4) Cho bit DF = R, chng minh tan AFB = 2.
Cu V
Gii phng trnh x 2 4 x 7 ( x 4) x 2 7.
Cu I (1,5 im)
1 x 2 1
Cho biu thc A : vi x 0, x 1.
x x x 1 x 1 x 1
1) Rt gn biu thc A.
2) Chng minh rng A 2 0 vi mi x tha mn iu kin x 0, x 1.
Cu II (1,5 im)
1) Gii phng trnh x 4 x 2 6 0.
2) Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m hai ng thng y (m 2 1) x m 2 v
y 5 x 2 song song vi nhau.
Cu III (1,0 im)
1 1
1
Gii h phng trnh x y 1
3 y 1 xy.
Cu IV (3,0 im)
Cho na ng trn tm O c ng knh AB = 2R. V cc tia tip tuyn Ax, By
(Ax, By v na ng trn cng thuc mt na mt phng b AB). Trn na
ng trn cho ly im M khng trng vi A v B, tip tuyn ti M ct Ax,
By ln lt ti E v F.
1) Chng minh AEMO ni tip.
2) Chng minh EO2 = AE.EF.