Wireless battery management system for

electric vehicle
Abstract: In Hybrid vehicle (VH) and unwavering quality. All the more essentially,
Electrical vehicle (EV) Battery the cost of wire-handling, connectors,
management system(BMS) is important defensive cases, isolators, and physical work
segment. The aim of the BMS is to protect is an essential part of the battery pack cost
and dependable battery operation management. For a vehicles or stationary
throughout the vehicle. To maintain the application, the number of battery cells varies
protection and dependability of the from a hundred to a thousand, and the
battery, state analyzing and processing, increment number of battery cells
charge control, and cell balancing are compounds the issues stated above.
functionalities that have been
programmed in BMS. As an electro-
chemical system, a battery shows different
under various operational in normal
conditions. This report shows advantages
of the Wireless battery management
(WBMS) over conventional BMS
architecture. WBMS is configured for a
single main module communication with
other wireless devices. This architecture
has star topology which enable the
communication between main module and
sub modules.
This report represents the new wireless
1.INTRODUCTION remote battery administration system, or
In conventional BMS, there is a complex WBMS, which is based on wireless sensor
wire system between battery pack and technology. The new BMS design the wire
sensors (sub modules). Each sub module malfunction issue from the conventional
BMS can commonly gather information from BMS. The WBMS will enable battery packs
battery cells. Moreover, the large number of to littler, lighter, more solid, simpler to
battery cells and group of sub modules automated, and make it more cost efficient.
connected to the main modules where the 2.THE ARCHITECTURE
collected data from battery cell is store for the
further operations. In spite of the fact that the
progressive BMS design is broadly
acknowledged and utilized, it has some
significant detriments. The wire-bridle can
cause different issues, for example, physical
contacts failure under vibratory condition
(E.G. vehicles), communication issue under
EMI, quality of battery pack design, and
troubleshoot in automation. These issues
regularly result in low efficiency and low
The Wireless Battery Management System
(WBMS) utilizes a star topology, where a
main BMS wirelessly communicate with
each slave BMS module as shown in figure 2.
Figure demonstrates main module BMS
connected to the number of sub modules that
are mounted on PCB. The sub module has
imbedded sensors that measure different
physical attributes, for example, voltage,
current, and temperature of the battery cell.
The control communication taken place
wirelessly between the main and sub BMS
modules.
No wire handing is needed. The main BMS
module broadcast single command to collate
the voltage data from battery cell, the sub
BMS modules then report the all the
measured data back to the main BMS
module. Moreover, correspondence
communication between the main and sub
BMS modules is characterized based on a
restrictive Wireless Battery Area Network
2.1 WIRELESS BATTERY AREA
NETWORK
A Wireless battery area network(WiBAN)
permits the wirelessly monitoring and
controlling of individual batteries [3].
WiBAN is the optimized for a low-control,
highly secure, high data-rate over a wireless
system. The WiBAN has several
characteristics, including
Low power data detecting and
algorithm
Sensory data redesign and grouping
Control physical RF/sensor
parameters based on different
conditions
extracting the informative data
Diagnosis information for battery
cells
Timing control for communication
Passive balancing control
Communication link recovery
algorithm
It can utilize 900MHz unlicensed band (ISM)
for remote communication and can expand
the operation to double band. The WiBAN
can oversee up to 780 battery cells under the
state of a 100 ms time delay. Adaptability can
be accomplished a various leveled in a
WiBAN engineering. Variable on-air-
information rate is given and an achieve
information rate around 1 Mbps.
2.2 DESIGN OF WiBAN CHIPLIST
The WiBAN is executed in a chipset. The
outline destinations for WiBAN physical
devices are to
In sleep mode and active mode power
range is limited to within milliwatt
To minimize environmental noise,
keep the high-power supply rejection
ration
use a moderate and stable CMOS
chipset for car capability
minimize both the cost and the
quantity of outer segments
guarantee the safe and dependable
communication channel
Keep the low maintenance for the
better communication performance
Maintain degradation problem such
as aging effect and Colling of system
The WiBAN consist of two chipsets a Battery
Managing ASIC (NSBM_MA), and a Battery
sensing ASIC (NSBM_SL) as shown in
figure 2.
2.2.1 BATTERY MANAGING AISC
The Battery Managing AISC is a single chip
battery management controller that
embedded with a RF transceiver with a
baseband protocol engine, a micro-controller
and a various I/O interfaces. It is designed for
operation in ISM frequency band between
810MHz ~ 990MHz. ISM is the industrial,
scientific, and medical radio band (ISM
band) refers to a group of radio bands from a
radio spectrum that are internationally
reserved for the use of intended for scientific, is intended for operation in ISM recurrence
medical and industrial requirements rather band at 810MHz ~ 990MHz. For a
than for communications. modulation transceiver of this chipset uses
Amplitude Shift Keying or Frequency Shift
For a modulation transceiver of this chipset Keying Modulation Techniques. The handset
uses Amplitude Shift Keying or Frequency conveys a proficient RF engineering that
Shift Keying Modulation Techniques. accomplishes higher element range and low
Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is an control operation in the meantime. It has
amplitude modulation which represents data client configurable parameters like
in digital format as variations in the recurrence channel, output power, dynamic
amplitude of a carrier wave in which the range and high data rate. The air data rate of
binary symbol 1 is represented by the NSBM_SL is configurable up to 1Mbps.
transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave
and fixed frequency for a bit duration of T The broadcast of wireless beneficiary for low
seconds and Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is power shutdown standby current around 1A
a frequency modulation scheme in which and high power up coverage. To achieve both
digital information is transmitted through transceiver is imbedded with local power up
discrete frequency changes of a carrier signal. sequences. [2]. A 16MHz crystal frequency
and not many passive devices are needed to
To achieve the high range and lower power coordinate with the NSBM_SL. To support
the transceiver is configure with efficient RF client characterization, NSBM_MA is well
architecture. It has client configurable reasonable for base-band controller. Only a
parameters like recurrence channel, yield single 3.3V power is provided, and
control, dynamic range and air information coordinated voltage controllers guarantee a
rate. The data rate achieved by the powerful supply.
NSBM_MA is configurable up to 1Mbps.
The voltage regulators, PLL, and driver
amplifier make the less requirement of
external devices. A MCU, PA and passive
devices are needed to design a sensory
network with NSBM_MA. To bolster client
characterized applications, on-chip
peripherals incorporate SPI, I2C, and CAN.
Incorporated voltage controllers guarantee a
powerful supply dismissal proportion
(PSRR) and a wide power supply go.
2.2.1 BATTERY SENSING AISC
The NSBM_SL is a solitary bundle with two
ICs that incorporates a RF handset with
imbedded baseband convention motor, and
imbedded simple sensors, intended for low
power remote sensor organize. The sensors in
a NSBM_SL gives cost efficient and self-
calibration sensors of voltage, temperature,
Fig-3 Actual image of Managing AISC and
and current of the surrounding, along with an
Sensing AISC
imbedded 12-bit SAR ADC. The NSBM_SL
2.3 PERFORMANCE OF WBMS
Utilizing the model WiBaAN chipset,
different execution tests have been
performed. Table 1 shows an outcome of the
execution and their objective specification of
future items.
Table1: Measured Performance of WBMS
[3]
2.4 KEY ADVANTAGES OF WBMS
WBMST design gives the several
advantages.
COST: In the wireless system, we cannot use
wire-tackle, connectors, defensive cases for
BMS sheets, and isolators so cost of battery
pack significant decrease. Likewise, the cost
of CMOS innovation is decreasing quick
after the Moore's law.
PRODUCTIVITY: The way toward
imbedding the sub BMS modules into the
battery cells can be completely automated.
This will have reduced the manufacturing
and maintenance cost. Small and compact
battery pack is required. In wireless system,
we can design battery for our convenience.
RELIABILITY: Highly strong remote
information wireless data communication
combined with reduced number of failure
points can improve the overall system
reliability. Likewise, high voltage give to
wireless communication guarantees
maximum stability in transient and abnormal
operation condition.
DIAGNOSIS: An implicit current sensor on
every battery cell permits the short circuit
battery cells connected in parallel.
REDUNDANCY OR FAULT-
TOLERANCE: An auxiliary communication
channel can be effectively included for false
tolerant outline. For instance, by including
another Managing ASIC on the main BMS,
an auxiliary correspondence channel can be
developed. For correlation, in routine wired
BMS one would require a different
arrangement of wire-outfit to accomplish a
similar level of excess. It is likewise
conceivable to utilize the remote channel as
an auxiliary to the customary wired channel
for repetition reason. It gives numerous
adaptable outline alternatives to battery pack
makers.
COHERENCE: Each individual battery cell
has a work in blaze memory on the sub BMS
module. Cell ID and its utilization history
alongside other valuable data can be put
away. The cell history data can be valuable
for future applications for example, battery
auxiliary utilize.
3. CONCLUSION
In this report, we exhibited the idea of
WBMS engineering and a chipset usage of
the WiBAN convention. The new 7. https://web.stanford.edu/class/ee102b/co
engineering architecture addresses verified of ntents/DigitalModulation.pdf
issues raised by the customary wired BMS
design. The WBMS design gives scalable,
flexible, reliable, and cost-effective options.
Utilizing the model chipset created, we have
manufactured lithium particle battery packs
for both car and stationary applications. The
preparatory execution tests show the
plausibility of WBMS on a large-scale
battery pack with solid and secure wireless
communication. It additionally demonstrates
that the accurate of cell sensors is sufficient
and achievable. The chipset has ultra-low
standby/dynamic power utilization current.
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