1.

Cc vn chung
2. Khi nim chung v xy dng nn ng
3. Cng tc chun b thi cng nn ng
4. Cc phng n thi cng nn ng
5. Cng tc m nn t nn ng
6. Thi cng nn ng bng my
7. Thi cng nn ng bng n ph
8. Thi cng nn ng trong cc trng hp
c bit
9. Cng tc hon thin & gia c taluy
1
Tit 3.1. Khi phc cc - nh phm vi
thi cng - Di cc
1. Cng tc khi phc cc :
1.1. Nguyn nhn phi khi phc cc :
- Do khu kho st, thit k thng c tin
hnh trc khu thi cng mt thi gian nht
nh, mt s cc c nh trc ng & cc
mc cao b tht lc, mt mt.
- Do nhu cu cn chnh xc ha cc on nn
ng c bit.
2
1.2. Ni dung cng tc khi phc cc :
- Khi phc ti thc a cc cc c nh v tr trc
ng ( tim ng ).
- Kim tra cc mc cao , lp cc mc o cao
tm thi.
- o c, kim tra v ng thm cc cc chi tit
cc on c bit.
- Kim tra cao t nhin cc cc.

3
1.3. K thut khi phc cc :
1.3.1. Khi phc cc c nh trc ng:
- Dng cc thit b o c ( my kinh v, my ton
c, my ton c in t ) v cc dng c
khc ( so tiu, mia, thc dy . . .).
- Da vo h s thit k, cc cc c nh trc
ng c, c bit l cc cc nh khi
phc cc cc mt mt.
- Cc to ng v tr : cc km, cc 0.5km, cc
tip u, tip cui ng cong trn, ng
cong chuyn tip hoc on nng siu cao.
- Cc nh ng cc cc 100m, cc chi tit. 4
Cc chi tit trn ng thng : 20m ng 1 cc.
Cc chi tit trn ng cong : ty thuc vo bn
knh ng cong :
- R > 500m : 20m ng 1 cc.
- R = 100 500m : 10m ng 1 cc.
- R < 100m : 5m ng 1 cc.
Ty theo iu kin a hnh, a vt, bn knh
ng cong nm, m chn phng php cm
cong chi tit cho ph hp.

5
Phng php ta vung gc :
nh

Y4

Y3

Y2

Y1

T
X1 X2 X3 X4 6
Phng php ta cc :
nh

L4
L3

L2

L1

T
7
Phng php dy cung ko di :
nh

T
8
Phng php cm cong nhiu tip tuyn :
nh

Cc chi tit trn

ng cong

L 9
T
Ngoi ra ti cc v tr a hnh, a cht thay i
t ngt ( qua khe su, g, i, phn thy, ao
h, sng, sui, t cng, t yu . . .) phi
cm thm cc chi tit tnh ton khi lng
o p chnh xc hn.

10
1.3.2. K.tra mc cao , lp mc o cao tm thi:
- Dng my thy bnh chnh xc & cc mc cao
c quc gia kim tra cao cc mc o
cao trong n thit k.
- Kim tra cao t nhin cc cc bng my
thy bnh so snh vi n thit k.
- Lp cc mc o cao tm thi ti cc v tr : cc
on nn ng c khi lng cng tc tp
trung, cc cng trnh trn ng ( cu, cng,
k . . .), cc nt giao nhau khc mc. Cc
mc phi c ch to bng btng chn
cht vo t, hoc li dng cc vt c nh
nm ngoi phm vi thi cng gi cao . 11
Cc mc o cao tm thi c s ha trong bnh
k thut, c bn m t r quan h hnh hc
vi a hnh, a vt, a danh xung quanh cho
d tm. nh du, ghi r v tr t mia & cao
mc.
T cc mc o cao tm thi, c th thng
xuyn kim tra cao o, p nn ng
hoc cao thi cng ca cc hng mc cng
trnh trn ng bng cc thit b n gin.

12
2. nh phm vi thi cng :
2.1. Khi nim :
- Phm vi thi cng l di t m n v thi cng
c php b tr my mc, thit b, ln tri,
kho tng, vt liu . . . phm vi o t thng
u hoc khai thc t, phc v qu trnh thi
cng; hoc tin hnh o, p & t trong
qu trnh thi cng nn ng.
- Ty theo cp hng ng, ch gii ng
c ph duyt v n thit k ng m
phm vi thi cng ca ng c th rng, hp
khc nhau.
13
2.2. Mc ch :
- Xc nh chnh xc phm vi thi cng ca n v
thi cng ngoi thc a; xc nh phm vi
di cc ( lp h thng cc du ).
- Tnh ton chnh xc khi lng cng tc n
b, gii ta, cng tc dn dp trong phm vi
thi cng.
- Lm c s cho cng tc lp d ton n b,
gii ta & d ton cng tc dn dp.

14
2.3. K thut :
- Dng so tiu hoc ng cc & cng dy
nh phm vi thi cng.

Cc c nh
trc ng

Cng dy Cc nh phm
15
vi thi cng
- Sau khi nh xong phm vi thi cng, v bnh
chi tit ghi y nh ca, rung vn, hoa
mu, cy ci & cc cng trnh kin trc khc
trong phm vi thi cng tin hnh cng tc
n b, gii ta & thng k khi lng cng
tc dn dp, so snh vi n thit k; lp
bin bn trnh cc n v c thm quyn ph
duyt.

16
3. Di cc ra ngoi phm vi thi cng :
3.1. Mc ch :
- Trong qu trnh o p, thi cng nn ng
cc cc c nh trc ng s mt mt. V
vy, trc khi thi cng phi tin hnh lp 1 h
thng cc du, nm ngoi phm vi thi cng.
- c th d dng khi phc h thng cc c
nh trc ng t h thng cc du, kim tra
vic thi cng nn ng v cng trnh ng v
tr, kch thc trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

17
3.2. Yu cu :
- H thng cc du phi nm ngoi phm vi thi
cng khng b mt mt, x dch trong sut
qu trnh thi cng.
- Phi m bo d tm kim, nhn bit.
- Phi c quan h hnh hc cht ch vi h thng
cc c nh trc ng, c th khi phc
chnh xc & duy nht 1 h thng cc c nh
trc ng.

18
3.3. K thut :
- Da vo bnh k thut & thc a thit lp
quan h hnh hc gia h thng cc c nh
trc ng v h thng cc du d kin.
- Dng my kinh v, my ton c & cc dng c
khc ( thc thp, so tiu, cc . . . ) c
nh v tr cc cc du ngoi thc a ( nn gi
cc vo cc vt c nh ngoi phm vi TC).
- Nn du ton b h thng cc c nh trc
ng; trng hp kh khn, ti thiu phi
du cc cc chi tit n 100m.
- Lp bnh du cc, trnh cc cp c thm
19

quyn ph duyt.
Mt s v d du cc :
Cc du
M42
M62

M61
M41

M4 M5 M6
H1

LH1.1

H11 M51
LH1.2 ng ranh gii
phm vi thi cng
H12 M52
Cc du 20
 V d 1 bng du cc
Cc du 1 Cc du 2
Tn Khong
STT L trnh cch V tr so V tr so
cc Tn cc vi tim
Khong
Tn cc vi tim
Khong
cch cch
tuyn tuyn

1 H1 Km0+100 20 H11 Phi 18,00 H12 Phi 9,00

2 M4 Km0+120 20 M41 Tri 25,00 M42 Tri 10,50

3 M5 Km0+140 20 M51 Phi 18,00 M52 Phi 9,20

4 M6 Km0+160 20 M61 Tri 17,90 M62 Tri 9,10

21
Tit 3.2. Cng tc dn dp
1. Ni dung :
Trc khi tin hnh cng tc lm t, thi cng
nn ng & cng trnh phi tin hnh cng
tc dn dp phm vi thi cng.
Bao gm cc cng tc:
- Cht cy.
- nh gc.
- Dn m ci.
- Dy c.
- Bc t hu c. 22
Ty theo cc iu kin thc t v a hnh, a
cht, a mo, cu to nn ng, chiu
cao o p m cng tc dn dp cc
on nn ng khc nhau c th ch bao
gm 1 vi hoc tt c cc ni dung trn.

23
2. Cht cy :
- Trong phm vi thi cng nu c cy nh hng
n an ton cho cng trnh v gy kh khn
cho khu thi cng u phi cht trc khi tin
hnh cng tc lm t.
- Cht cy c th dng cc dng c th cng
( dao, ra, ru . . ), my ca cy cm tay, my
i hoc my o gn thit b lm cy, my
i c ti ko hoc thuc n.
- Cht cy bng th cng hoc my ca cy cm
tay phi lu n hng cy m bo
an ton lao ng & khng gy nh hng n
cc cng trnh kin trc ln cn. 24
Trnh t cht cy bng th cng hoc my
ca cy cm tay :

Hng cy Hng cy

( 1/3 1/4)D B = ( 1/3 1/4)D

( 3 4)cm ( 3/4)B
10cm

Ca mch ngang Ca mch cho

25
- My i c th nng cao li i, y trc tip
lm cy c ng knh ti 20cm.
- Nu dng ti ko, my i c th lm mt
hoc nhiu cy c ng knh di 30cm.

26
- My o gn thit b lm cy c ng knh
ti 20cm.

27
Vn chuyn cy, xp ng

28
Vn chuyn cy, xp ng

29
Cu lp cy c ca ngn ln t v.chuyn

30
3. nh gc cy :
- Nu chiu cao nn p t 1,5 2m c th cht
cy st mt t m khng cn nh gc.
- Chiu cao p ln hn 2m c th cht cy cch
mt t 10cm v khng nh gc.
- Cc trng hp nn p khc u phi nh
gc cy.
- Nn o c gc cy nh ( D < 30cm ) c th
nh gc trong qu trnh o t nu o
bng my o.

31
- nh gc cy c th dng th cng; my i
ct r, y gc hoc my o gu nghch.
- Trng hp gc cy c ng knh ln hn
50cm v c nhiu r ph c th dng
phng php n ph l nh nh bt
gc.
Trnh t :
+ Khoan, c to l di gc cy.
+ Np thuc vo l mn Q = ( 10 20).D (gam) vi
D l ng knh gc cy ( cm ).
+ Lp kp mn v dy chy chm.
+ Gy n. 32
 N ph l nh nh gc cy

- Cy sau khi cht hoc lm phi ca ngn

thn & cnh cy, dn ng vn chuyn
ra ngoi phm vi thi cng cng vi r cy.
- Cnh nh & l cy dn ng ra ngoi phm
vi thi cng hoc t b nu c php.
33
4. Dn m ci:
- Cc tng to nm trong phm vi thi cng nn
p cao di 1.5m phi c y ra ngoi.
- My i c th trc tip y cc tng ti 1.5m3.
- Trng hp cc vin c th tch ln hn
1.5m3 phi dng phng php n dn, n p
hoc n ph l nh lm v trc khi y
ra khi phm vi thi cng.

34
Phng php n dn, n p :
+ t khi thuc n ( thuc bnh ) vo v tr lm
t nhin trn tng Q = ( 1,5 3 ).V (kg) vi V
l th tch tng ( m3 ).
+ Lp kp mn, dy chy chm.
+ p t st quanh khi thuc n & gy n.

p t st
Kp mn

N dn ph
m ci Thuc n

35
N ph l nh :
+ Khoan c to l mn vo gia tng .
+ Np thuc n vo l mn Q = e.q'.V (kg)
trong :
.V - th tch tng ( m3 ).
. e - h s quy i khi khng dng thuc n n v.
. q' - lng thuc n n v khi n om tiu chun.
+ Lp kp mn, dy chy chm.
+ Lp l mn bng t st.
+ Gy n.

36
N ph l nh ph m ci, hnh thc n ph :
n om hoc n om tiu chun

L mn

37
5. Bc t hu c:
- t hu c l loi t ln nhiu tp cht hu
c, c cng thp, c tnh nn ln ln, co
ngt mnh khi kh hanh nn phi bc b
trc khi p t nn ng.
- Mt khc, mt s loi t hu c l t canh
tc, trong nhiu trng hp phi bc, dn
ng vn chuyn tr li cho trng trt.
- Trng hp nn o ly t p hoc khai
thc t p m t, thng u cng
phi bc b lp t hu c.
- t hu c cng cn trng c trn cc mi
38

taluy nn ng.
- Bc lp t hu c c th dng th cng, my
i, my san, my xc chuyn, o thnh lp
mng, dn ng ngoi phm vi thi cng; hoc
my xc lt o ln t.
- My c th o vung gc vi trc ng hoc
dc theo trc ng ty thuc vo chiu rng
cn bc & chiu dy lp t hu c.

39
- My i bc lp t hu c c th o vung
gc vi trc ng hoc dc theo trc ng
ty thuc vo chiu rng cn bc & chiu dy
lp t hu c.
- t hu c c dn ng ngoi phm vi thi
cng ( 150 200m3 ); sau dng my xc
lt ln t vn chuyn n bi thi.

40
- My san bc lp t hu c thng chy dc
theo trc ng, t cho li san va
o t va vn chuyn t sang ngang
thnh tng lung; sau dng my xc lt
ln t vn chuyn n bi thi.

41
- My xc chuyn bc lp t hu c thng
chy dc theo trc ng, o t y thng
sau vn chuyn n bi thi.

42
My xc lt bc lp t hu c trc tip ln t

43
6. Dy c:
- m bo n nh nn ng p trn sn
dc, trc khi p t phi tin hnh ry c.
TCVN 4447-87 quy nh :
+ dc mt t nh hn 20%, nn t cht, khng
c nc ng, nn p cao di 1,0m phi dy
c.
+ dc mt t 10% 20%, nn t cht, khng c
nc ng, nn p cao trn 1,0m phi nh
xm b mt t trc khi p.
- Trng hp nn o ly t p hoc khai
thc t p m t, thng u cng
phi dy c. 44
- K thut dy c tng t nh khi bc lp t
hu c : c th dng th cng, my i, my
san, my xc chuyn, o thnh lp mng ct
t r c, dn ng ngoi phm vi thi cng;
hoc my xc lt bc b & trc tip ln
t vn chuyn.
- C dy xong, dn ng ch v c t c khi
c php trnh ha hon.
- Trong mt s trng hp c th kt hp va
ry c va bc lp t hu c.

45
My xc chuyn va ry c va bc t hu c

46
Tit 3.3. Cng tc ln khun ng
1. Mc ch :
Ln khun ng cn gi l ln ga-ba-rt hoc
ln ga nhm :
- ngi thi cng thy hnh dung c hnh
nh nn ng trc khi o p.
- c nh cc v tr ch yu ca mt ct ngang
ti thc a nhm m bo thi cng nn
ng ng thit k v v tr, kch thc.
- t cc gi o dc taluy thng xuyn
kim tra dc taluy o, p trong qu trnh
thi cng. 47
 Cc ch yu
trn MCN

Cng dy

48
Cc v tr ch yu trn mt ct ngang nn p:
- Tim ng.
- Mp nn ng ( vai ng ).
- Chn taluy p.
- V tr thng u ( nu c )
Vai ng
Chn taluy
p Taluy p
( taluy m )

Tim
ng Gi kim tra 49
dc taluy
Cc v tr ch yu trn mt ct ngang nn o:
- Tim ng.
- Mp nn ng ( vai ng ).
- Mp taluy o.
- V tr rnh bin, ng t thi ( nu c )
Vai ng

Mp taluy Tim
o ng

Mp rnh
Mi taluy bin
o ( taluy 50

dng )
2. Cc ti liu cn thit :
- Bn thuyt minh tng hp.
- Bn v bnh k thut ca tuyn ng.
- Bn v trc dc k thut.
- Bn v trc ngang chi tit ti cc cc.
- Cc ti liu v a hnh, a cht.
3. Cc tnh ton trc khi ln khun ng :
- T trc dc k thut, xc nh cc on nn
ng o khun, p l hoc trung gian.
Thng thng cc on nn p dng hnh
thc p l hon ton, cc on nn o
dng hnh thc o khun ng hon ton. 51
 Dng nn ng p l hon ton

Cao trn
trc dc Kt cu o ng
Phn l t p sau

Cao hon
cng nn ng

Chiu rng hon cng nn ng 52

 Dng nn ng o khun hon ton

Cao hon cng nn ng

bng cao trn trc dc

Phn y o ng Phn khun ng

phi lu ln t cht o b, thay bng kt
yu cu cu o ng

Chiu rng hon cng nn ng

53
- Tnh ton, v mt ct dc hon cng nn
ng. T khong cch & dc dc tnh
ton cao hon cng nn ng ti cc cc
chi tit.
- T cao hon cng nn ng ti tim ng
cc cc, khong cch & cc dc ngang;
tnh ton cao , khong cch cc cc ch
yu trn cc mt ct ngang khun ng ti
cc cc chi tit.
- C th v trc tip trn trc dc & cc trc
ngang chi tit ca n thit k k thut.

54
Lu :
- Khi tnh ton cao hon cng nn ng ti
cc cc chi tit nn o phi tnh n chiu
cao phng ln do lp t y o ng ( c
chiu dy 0,3 0,5m ) phi c lu ln t
cht yu cu ( K 0,95 0,98).
- Trong qu trnh tnh ton s b c th xc nh
cht t nhin ca nn o, tnh chiu cao
phng ln vi gi thit quan h gia cht &
chiu cao lp t y o ng l tuyn tnh.
- Trong qu trnh thi cng, phi da trn kt qu
on thi cng th nghim xc nh chnh
xc chiu cao phng ln. 55
4. Ln khun ng :
4.1 Dng c :
+ My kinh v, my thy bnh, mia.
+ Thc ch T.
+ Thc o taluy.
+ Thc thp.
+ So tiu.
+ Dy ng nc, dy cng.

56
4.2. K thut :
+ Xc nh v tr cc tim ng.
+ t my kinh v ti cc tim ng.
+ Trn ng thng, m cc gc 90o phi & tri,
trong ng cong, m cc gc hng tm; o
khong cch ngang ng cc cc ch yu.
+ ng so tiu ti cc cc ch yu.
+ Xc nh cc cao trn so tiu bng my thy
bnh, thc ch T hoc dy ng nc.
+ Dng thc o taluy ng cc gi o taluy.
+ Cng dy, di cc cc ln khun c kh nng mt
mt trong qu trnh thi cng ra ngoi phm vi thi
cng. 57
Tit 3.4. m bo thot nc trong
qu trnh thi cng
1. Nguyn nhn :
Trong qu trnh thi cng, nc ma, nc mt
c th :
- Lm chm qu trnh thi cng do nc ng trn
b mt nn p hoc khoang o, nc lm
m lp t mi san ri.
- Gy xi l b mt nn ng, lm h hng cc
on nn ng o hoc p, lm h hng
cc hng mc cng trnh ang thi cng d
dang. 58
2. Tc hi :
- Ph v tin sn xut.
- Pht sinh cc cng tc phi sa cha hoc lm
li.
- Tng chi ph xy dng ng.
- Lm gim cht lng nn ng.
V vy, phi lun m bo thot nc tt trong
sut qu trnh thi cng nn ng.

59
3. Bin php :
- Nghin cu k h s thit k v thc a, b tr
thm h thng thot nc tm thi trong qu
trnh thi cng ( rnh thu nc, rnh tho
nc, ngn nc, cng tm . . .).
- Thi cng ngay cc cng trnh thot nc c
trong h s thit k.
- Thi cng nn ng n u, hon thin h
thng rnh bin, rnh nh n y.
- Lun m bo dc cc lp t p, o.
- o t nn ng, o rnh bin phi o t
thp n cao. 60