EXTRA PROBLEMS IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS a RS EL. Find the natural frequencies of the system shown in Fig. 5.15, with m, =m, m= 2m, ky=k, and k,=2k. Determine the response of the system when k=1000 N/m, ‘m= 20 kg, and the initial values of the displacements of the masses m, and m, are 1 and —1, respectively, E2. set up the differential equations of motion for the double pendulum shown in Fig, 5.16, using the coordinates x, and x, and assuming small amplitudes. Find the natural {frequencies the ratios of amplitudes, and the locations of nodes for the two modes of vibration when m, =m, =m and fy; = E3,, Determine the natural modes of the system shown in Fig, $.17 when fy = ky = ka =e Base ct = .0 he ms x) Figure 5.15 Figure 5.18 Figure 5.17BA, ES. EV. ‘The following data has been obtained for the automobile shown in Fig. 5.18: Body mass (M) =1000 kg, ‘Axle mass (m) = 200 kg Stifiness of springs (,) = 50 N/mm ‘Stifness of tres (K)= 500 N/mm, Damping of tires (¢,) = 2 N-s/mim By idealizing the automobile as a two degree of freedom system, determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system. Put c=0, Figure 5.18 Find the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system shown in Fig, 5.15 for m= m= m and y= ke = Find the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system shown in Fig. 5.15 for m=, =1 kg, ky = 2000 N/m, and k= 6000 N/m. For Problem 6, calculate x;(¢) and x,(1) for the following initial conditions: (a) 20) 02, = O)= K(0)= 6; and @) H(0)=02, 5) = 240) 0, fC) . Figure 5.22 shows a system of two masses attached to a tightly stretched string, fixed at both ends. Determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the system for m= m= mand = l= hl ‘Assume constant force P in each string, and assume small displacements.E9. Determine the natural frequencies of the system shown in Fig. 5.26 by assuming that the rope passing over the cylinder does not slip. Figure 6.26 E10. A sigid rod of nelisible mass and length 2/ is pivoted at the middle point and is Constrained to move inthe vertical plane by spring and masts, a shown in Fig. 5.1. Find the natural equencies and mode shapes of the system Figure 5.31, ELL. The equivalent spring constants of the nose and main landing gears of an airplane are shown in Fig. 32. The mass ofthe axplane ism and the mass moment of inertia about its centroid is Jy. Assuming that [,=1, fz=21, ky=k, ky=5k, and the radius of sytation is 51, find the natural frequencies and mode shapes ofthe system by treating it 28 a two degre of fredom system Figure 5.32 csANSWERES CHAP. S ae El. x,Q=-o 26602 cos 3,c6o3t - /. 36e03.c0s 13,¢¢03t Xo @) == 0,5 60S 3, 6663 # OS cos 3.6603 EZ. m4 x t 3mgx,- gx, =O a md Xo max, +mgX2 =O - = - a i 23, = 0.7654 as 19470 FE eee 2483 E23, Natural mecles are giver byt — xa) =Xeas(/Bt* DB) Lg. aah) 7 eA, 02, = 1.5184 rad[s = a ae oe = ae L 10,64 -0,03876 te 132 = 52,53 rad/s _ _ oes oe | 1.6/8/ -0,6/80 | _ _ Wy El, 6/8O]ra i : a oo oo te eee 7 To 1.1805 —0,847 0p = 14,380) racl]s ET xX, =-0.167 20s (30,2853 + (35,7) = 0,ng4 ces (14.350/t + 10,49°) Xa (4) = 0.1378 C08 (30.2283 + [3S ‘) + 01003 Cos 114.380'4 + 10, 49°)E4. Ce aeons eae ne aE 7 (0), Wn, = Fyg t AE [Fe Erp ZhaN® Dkk: en eee = BIO, 19, =0,S%4 fm ! i : ro - 060564 6, 60SCL 209 = I, 4663, fe Tr T t Ey = 0,5238/ mn oeser/€ = 0,06283/0 dy = 2,524 JoaCHAPTER 6 E12. Derive the equations of motion for the following systems by using Lagrange’s equations! ww Figure 6.17 CRN Figure 6.19 ak Figure 6.30E13. To study the symmetric vibrations of an airplane, as in Fig, 6.20(a), the fuselage can be alized as a central mass My and the wings can be modeled as rigid bars carrying end masses M, as shown in Fig. 620(0). The flexiral behavior of the wings can be represented by torsional springs of stiffness k, between the fuselage and the wings. Derive the equations of motion of the airplane, using Lagrange’s equations with x and 4 as generalized coordinates. Assume that 9 is small na ) E14, ‘The mass matrix (m) and the stifiness matrix k] of a uniform bar are 100 ti 0 -e4[b 2 0] and w-248{ 1 2 +] 001 nt where p is the density, 4 isthe cross-sectional area, E is Young’s modulus, and ¢ is the length of the bar. Find the natural frequencies ofthe system by finding the roots of the characteristic equation, Also find the principal modes. E15: Two identical circular cylinders, of radius r and mass m each, are connected bY" ine as shown in Fig 338, Determine the natural frequencies of osilation of the (2-9) Figure 5.38 E16. An atomobile of mass 2000 kg pulls a trailer of mass 500 kg (Fig. 537), If the flexibility of the hitch is 150 N/mm, determine the natural frequencies and natural modes ofthe system,ANSWERES GHARL Ei2, [1 o of Ss -! -3ilx,{ |o Ml 0 2 Ox |e ele) aa eal A A ee EA ‘ CF, & 17) _ _&mX +kx =O (2. a. oe 25 tga =0 — mK thx -mge-=0 (#y,5.30) _ MX tS +teg6 =O E13, M+ 2M(X+46) = RMR +48) +26 =O fe Oo i | | o : eae _ (ie a “Oy ol = 19,3649 rad[sCHAPTER 8-9 E17. Find the motion u (x, 1) for the lateral vibration of a taut string shown in the figure for each of the following sets of initial conditions: : ou [Vx £ for O} a xe Xo * 4 X=0 xh E18. A uniform bar, free at both ends, is initially compressed by equal forces at the ends. Find the longitudinal vibration u(x,t) if the forces are suddenly removed.E19. A spring loaded uniform bar is shown in the figure. Derive its frequency equation. EA, & E20. Derive the frequency equation and the eigenfunction for the lateral vibration of a uniform beam for each of the following boundary conditions. (a) fixed at both ends; (b) one end hinged and the other end free. ELL y xO E21, A uniform beam of length Cand m mass/length has a mass m, attached at the end as shown in the figure. As shown, m, is atx = 0 orx = 2. Find the frequency equation for each of these configurations. Assume the mass ratio m/mé = 1.£22, Estimate the fundamental frequency for the longitudinal vibration of a uniform Tong rod as shown in the figure. Assume the mode shape is approximated by y(«)=a,(x/2)+a,(x/£). fe uxt) mEA 1 XQ +— E23, Estimate the fundamental frequency of the vibrating string shown in Fig. 7-1. ‘Assume that the mode shape is approximated by each of the following functions VO): (a) 6) = a1 (L -x)x; (0) YG) = a1 (L-x)x + a2 (L 3)f ANSWERES CHAP 8-9 Ella. oGings ys a Enh Quai) Tet word)= § ic er a El7b, AW UKrt) = 5 op an He ew “st ENS neue ABEL 7 -)T EN, tom S88 =- Eko, Cua wedttius hairur) E20, @)Freky, elu. cospiceshpd =1 5 wy cia Bi Bgeulen, pcx) aC (enpx- spr) +2 (cas BX ~ceshex) b)Frekvveleu.s teapesteuhps Cos-[Sn pt) Egouttu, Lec) = Cy MBX t Cennex E2/ Wa ot xt! Frekeveusekut | t+ = ps Gap eoaited) =O 7 t casphcash pd ow, Moaane, Traal ama ener evens perl: ATH Wee Ta Pe. GA! ait /E% 22, LopehSBarye |) Ore S/R Coke -E eit) £23. ig Sa 1 Oee= lous a ea eialey / Des 1428, vaCHAPTER 11 B24. E25. E26. E27, E28, A bydraulis mathine i modeled by the eduation £~(0.1-327)2+2+27=0 (a) Find the equilibrium positions. (b) Determine the types of stability. (¢) Sketch the trajectories in the neighborhood of each equilibrium. Gonsider the equation of motion £40.62 42.25x=1 and £(0)=3. Assume the initial con: ns are x(0) (a) Plot x(t) versus ¢ and £(¢) versus ¢ for 015, and (©) obtain a phase trajectory in a (x,2) phase plane from corresponding values of x(t) and £(0) in part a Show that the trajectories of the system mi+kx=0 form a family of concentric ellipses. Let m=1 kg and k= 100N/m. Sketch the trajectories in (x2) phase plane and i I conditions: icate their directions for each of the following (@) (x2) 155); () (x#)= (1,10). Find the equilibrium position(s), determine the type(s) of singularity, and sketch the trajectories in the neighborhood of equilibrium for each of the following systems: (a) metct+k(l+ax*)x=0, where a>0 (b) £+0.2(27-DE+x=0 ‘The differential equation of viscously damped pendulum uadergoing large angular dis- placements canbe written inthe form 5c + 2¢u0(4) +u?sin() =0 where ¢ is the viscous damping factor and w the nitural frequency of small undamped oscillation. Derive the corresponding state equations and determine the equilibrium points. ‘Then, derive the linearized equations about each of the equilibium points, solve the associated eigenvalue problem forw = 1 rad/sin the two cases ¢=0.1 and ¢ = 2, use the eigenvalue to Aetermine the nature of the stability inthe neighboshood ofthe equilibrium points and state in each case whether the linearized system possesses significant or etitical behavior,ANSWERES. HAP. Il E24, a) (0,0) and (-1, 0) b) For (0,0): Unsinble focus (U=0.1 j v= ‘) Fer~ & =H, 0) 4 Saddle pant, unstable (U=0.1; Ve-l) } xe +e9,2X, =12S _b) x ProgK, = 200 = = aC es 10 jo of BB Ag Ee al E27. «) (0,0) ; node of (SB) > Hm } ifocus af (ea yas) $) (0,0), unstable focus (U0 ; 22 ay) £236 1 (0,0) )e, stable focus dor coke =O. . stable nocle for. wal; 52%, Ez! (M0) | ex, unstable sacklle poet foro 1322 e2 unstable Saddle pat for! wal) TaD