Tài Liệu Training L2 Sua

Ti liu Training Level2 Lu hnh ni b
Mc lc
I. Hng dn s dng vi tnh, xman, email lin quan cng vic hng ngy 2
1. Hng dn s dng vi tnh:

2. Hng dn s dng xman
3. Hng dn s dng email
II. Hng dn vic chy phn mm, write tt c sn phm Q-Mobile..3
III. Hng dn s khc nhau trn cc model s dng ng thi nhiu PCBA, CPU, FLASH, cng
nh phn mm tng ng:..8
IV. Hng dn phin bn sw sa li trn 1 s model Q mobile:..10
V. Hng dn s dng tool: ng h o, Kh hn:.12
1. Hng dn s dng ng h o kim.12
2. Hng dn s dng ng h o s14
3. Hng dn s dng Kh hn..17
VI. Gii thiu linh kin in t , xc nh tr s v linh kin h hng:..20
1. in tr( R).20
2. T in( c)..23
3. Cun dy(L)28
4. Transistor32.
5. Mosfet. ..35
6. Thyristor.37
7. Diode..39
8. Mch chnh lu.40
9. Mch n p40
VII. K thut s:40
1. H thng s m v khi nim v m..43
2. Cc phn t logic c bn47
3. Khi nim v m ha v gii m..48
4. Khi nim v b m..48
VIII. Linh kin v tn hiu trong in thoi di ng: ...48
1. Bn cht ca in thoi di ng49
2. Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng50
3. B chuyn i A/D v D/A..52.
IX. Hng dn xc nh my chp ngun v hng khc phc...52
1. Chp ngun trc52
2. Chp ngun sau..52
X. Hng dn nguyn l hot ng, cc bc sa cha thc t 1 s li lin quan sn phm Q-
Mobile:..53
1. Mt ngun 43
2. Mt song ..56
3. Khng sc 58
4. Khng nhn sim card ....61
5. Khng n bn phm..62.
6. Khng Rung ...64
7. Khng Mic ..64
8. Khng nhn th nh .66.
9. Mt chung .67
10. Mt loa..71
11. Hin th tai nghe .73
12. Treo my, lit phm ..76
NI DUNG TRAINING
1
1. Hng dn s dng vi tnh, xman, email lin quan cng vic

hng ngy:
1.1.Hng dn s dng vi tnh:
- Hng dn cc thao tc cn bn: copy file, lu file, gi file.
- Hng dn ci t drive, tool chy sw cho q-mobile
- Hng dn vic lu file sw, tool, sw theo chun khu vc backend:
a( d, )
Q-Mobile
sw S tool ng dngLinh
- Hng dn s dng 1 s thao tc n gin, cng tinh
nh son tho vn bn
trn office: word, excel.
1.2.Hng dn s dng xman:

Hng dn cc vn lin quan xman i vi k thut: xut, chuyn tnh
trng, hon tr linh ph kin, cng nh cc bc nh hon tt sa cha
xong trn xman.
1.3.Hng dn s dng email:

- i vi gi email:
Phn To: Ch cha a ch ca nhng ngi thc s c TRCH NHIM phi tr
li email, trc tip chu nh hng bi ni dung ca email
Phn CC: Cha a ch ca nhng ngi c LIN QUAN mt cch gin tip n ni
dung ca email
Subject: Phi c ng li c ni dung chnh ca email
- i vi nhn email:
Nu mnh nm trong danh sch To: NHT NH phi reply ni dung email
xc nhn v mt trch nhim, v reply cng sm cng tt.
Nu mnh nm trong danh sch CC: c quyn tham gia tr li ni dung email
- nh dng ca 1 email quy chun:

Phn To v CC phi ng n, hp l
Phn Subject: phi ni ln c ni dung chnh ca email
Phn ni dung:
+ Phi m u bng : Hi. Hoc Dear .
+ Phn ni dung chnh phi r rng v mt b cc ln ni dung. Trnh vit sai
chnh t, v s gy ra cm gic rt kh chu i vi ngi nhn. Trnh vit hoa ton
b 1 cu, 1 on hoc nguyn email, v nh vy, khng khc g l ang THT vo
ngi nhn. Khng ty tin bi m, bi trong mail v s d gy ri mt ngi
c
2
- Phn kt thc: th hin s trn trng vi ngi nhn, bng :Thanks, Best
regards, .. V c ghi r tn hoc h tn,
Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp th c th b qua 1 vi quy tc vic trao i

thng tin tr nnthong, mm do hn, trnh s kh khan v cng nhc.
2. Hng dn vic chy phn mm, write tt c sn phm Q-

Mobile.
2.1Thit lp ci t driver:
2.1.1.Thit lp ci t driver cho cable (PL-2303 Driver Installer.exe)
2.1.2.Sau khi ci t hon tt, khi ng li my vi tnh.
2.1.3.Cm cp vo my v vo Computer management, kim tra li driver ci t

hon thnh cha?
3
2.2 Hng dn chy phn mm Q Mobile:

2.2.1. Dng chng trnh FlashTool_v3.0912.00 v chy file Flash_tool.exe
2.2.2. Chn Options/COM port thit lp kt ni com port v tc truyn
Baud rate l 921600.
2.2.3. Vo Option chn Format FAT (AUTO) v chn Auto format FAT
2.2.4. Chn Baseband chip option v b du nhc trc check baseband chip ECO
version
4
2.2.5. Chn Download Agent v chn MTK_AllInOne_DA.bin
2.2.6. Chn file sw tng ng vi model my cn chy:

2.2.6.1. i vi my chy 1 file sw(Q11, Q12, ..)
a. Chn Scatter-loading v chn Flash_v3.0912.00\scat.txt
b. Bm ROM v chn file software np(*.bin)
5
2.2.6.2. i vi my chy 2 file sw(F680, M1, M2, M22, Q540, ME01, Q218,
Q460,
M45, F446)
Vo chn Scatter-loading v vo file sw chn filescat_GEMINI
2.2.7.Kt ni cp download cable vi in thoi. Sau chn Download . Tip

theo bm nt ngun trn in thoi tin hnh np phn mm vo my.
6
2.2.8. Sau khi hon thnh chng trnh thng bo success.
2.3. Write ime Q-Mobile:
Sau khi thnh cng s bo:Write Success
7
3. Hng dn s khc nhau trn cc model s dng ng thi

nhiu PCBA, CPU, FLASH, cng nh phn mm tng ng:
S DNG
MODEL KHC LINH TOOL SW FILE SW Ghi ch
KIN
6139BN ULC3-S02_ABTEL_L2VT_104 1. Phn bit sw/tho
FlashTool_v3.09 my
Q11/2
AD6548 12.00 ULC3-S02_ABTEL_L2VT_200 2. Cha khc file s
khng c sng
Q24/Q25 1. Chy khc file khng
/Q26 nhn sim
OWL-S09_ABTEL_L2VT_201
(PCBA
2.0)
Q25Run FlashTool_v3.09 1. Phn bit : sw/ linh kin
OWL-S01_ABTEL_L2VT_205
gchung 12.00 gn th nh, tho boad
Q24i/Q2 QING- 2. Chy khc file treo my
FLASH 1,8v
5I/Q26i S05_1V8_ABTEL_L2VT_307 3. Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v,
(PCBA QING- s,t
FLASH 2,8v
3.0) S05_2V8_ABTEL_L2VT_308
Camera 1.3M F73v01.03b09 1. Phn bit sw/ trn boad
FlashTool_v3.09
2. Chy khc file trng
F73 Camera 12.00
F73_CI130v01.01b24 mn hnh, camera khng
VEGA
hot ng
Q130 FlashTool_v3.09 1. Phn bit sw/tho v
FROG3-
(PCBA 12.00 my
S08_ABTEL_L2VT_204
3.0) 2. Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v,
Q130 FROG3- s,t
(PCBA FLASH 1,8v S08_1V8_ABTEL_L2VT_207
4.0) FLASH 2,8v FROG3-
8
S08_2V8_ABTEL_L2VT_207
CPU 6226BA FlashTool_v3.09 Q510_C30v01.01b17
Q510 12.00
CPU 6225BA Cha c file
HW Version
E500_MP_Vietnamese_V21
1( PCBA 1)
HW Version E502_2A_SP30_VIET_V0.2_2
2( PCBA 2) 0091120
1. Phn bit khc nhau qua
FlashTool_v3.09 SW, k hiu trn tem Ime1
M2 E502_2A_MP_F2_SP18_VT_V
HW Version 12.00 2. Chy khc file bluetooth
5.rar
3( PCBA 3) khng hot ng
HW Version
4( PCBA 3)
(Chung bng E502_3A_MP_F2_NX30_VIET
in 3 ca _V1
M22)
CPU 6226BA FlashTool_v3.09 Q270v01.01b08.bin

Q270 12.00
CPU 6225BA Q270_25V01.01b06.bin
1,8V_ABTEL_L2VI-211
Q212/Q2 FLASH 1,8v FlashTool_v3.09
Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v, s,t
13 12.00
FLASH 2,8v 2,8V_ABTEL_L2VI-211
FlashTool_v3.09 V8
HW Version 1 Phn bit khc nhau qua SW,
ME01 12.00
k hiu trn tem Ime1( V1, V2)
V9
HW Version 2
1V8_ABTEL_L2VI_307_091111
FlashTool_v3.09
FLASH 1,8v _CAM010_MCP128+32_FM
Q228 12.00 Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v, s,t
2V8_ABTEL_L2VI_310_091111
FLASH 2,8v
_CAM010_MCP128+32_FM
F680 LCD ( L FlashTool_v3.09 1.Cch nhn bit khc nhau
E880_PR2_R0_5_L5F30539P
hng u 12.00 ny s thng bo sau
_V13.rar
tin) 2. Chy khc file en mn hnh
LCD( L
hng th 2, E880_PR2_R0_5_VIETNAME
khong T8- SE_V13_T6K71.rar
T9)
LCD( Tt c E880_PR2_R0_5_VIETNAME
my sau ny) SE_V13_HX8347.rar
9
CRAB-
PCBA Ver 2.0 S04_2V8_ABTEL_L2VI_205_0
Q128
91208_MCP64+32_FM.zip
PCBA Ver 3.0 Cha c
PCBA Ver 2.0 Q218_Y10v01.03b01-bin Phn bit sw/tho v my
Q218
PCBA Ver 3.0 Q218_Y10v01.02b06-bin
BLUE-
S01_1V8_ABTEL_L2VI_201_0
FLASH 1,8v 90908_CAM030_MCP128+32_
FlashTool_v3.09
FM
Q266 12.00 Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v, s,t
BLUE-
S01_2V8_ABTEL_L2VI_202_0
FLASH 2,8v 90812_CAM030_MCP128+32_
FM
PCBA 1 V0.8_20091120
E502_2B_MP_F2_SP18_VT_V
PCBA 2 Phn bit sim9 HW1- lcn,
5
HW2-SG
PCBA FlashTool_v3.09
M22 Hw3 T311 dng ddieiod, 1, 2
3( chy sw 12.00
E502- dng in tr, hoc trn boad,
xong 5p
3B_MP_F2_NX30_VIET_V1 sw
mi ln
ngun)
E506-
HW0 2B_VIETNAMES_V9_0114_20
-55
Phn bit, HW0, trn tem
FlashTool_v3.09 E506-
M22i HW1 khng ghi g, cn HW 1 nh
12.00 2B_VIETNAMESE_SP_65NM_
du V1
V9
M22i-E506-
HW2
5_PR_F1_VN_08AW0848_V3
CAM 0V7690 FlashTool_v3.09 E670_Vietnam_V6.3_7690
Q215 Cha
CAM 0V6690 12.00 E670_Vietnam_V6.4_6690
FLASH 1,8v
FlashTool_v3.09 SMS-
ME112 Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v, s,t
12.00 S07_2V8_ABTEL_L2VI_204_1
FLASH 2,8v 00328_MCP128+32_FM_TB_P
CB31
FLASH 1,8v
FlashTool_v3.09 SMS-
ME114 Phn bit 1,8 v 2,8: v, s,t
12.00 S08_2V8_ABTEL_L2VI_203_1
FLASH 2,8v 00420_CAM010_MCP128+32_
FM_TB_PCB31
Q132 PCBA c FlashTool_v3.09 A263B-01-B2318-A-A-R- - Phn bit v2 trn tem
10
R1.0.15.2 ime( bng in mi)( s dng

khc flash)
12.00 A263B-02W-B231-8A-A- - xem trong bng in: c
PCBA mi
R1.0.15.1 V1.0.0 hoc v1.0.2
Mi ver 2.0
E560_MP_VIETNAMESE_07_
PCBA c Phn bit, HW0, trn tem
08
M55 khng ghi g, cn HW 1 nh
PCBA E560_MP_VIETNAMESE_07_
FlashTool_v3.09 du V1
mi( V1) 13
20.00
SHE_VIETNAMESE_V5_0817 Phn bit, HW0, trn tem
PCBA c
SHE _2nd_MP khng ghi g, cn HW 1 nh
PCBA mi SHE_V5_H8A_new Flash du V1
PCBA c Phn bit, HW0, trn tem
FlashTool_v3.09
P4 PCBA mi, khng ghi g, cn HW 1 nh
20.00
LCD Mi du V1
PCBA c E510_02I_20100824
PCBA Phn bit, HW0, trn tem
ME113 mi( i E510_03I_MP_R0_V4_VN_20 khng ghi g, cn HW 2 nh
trung tng, ic 101228_New BT du V2
BT)
4. Hng dn phin bn sw sa li trn 1 s model Q mobile:

Phn mm sau khi
Model Hin tng li
sa cha xong
ME310 - Chp hnh mn hnh c mu cam, khng xem c video dng MP4 V00.05
ME115 - Khng xem c video dng MP3 V00.05
F363 - li tin nhn gi i hoc nhn k hin tn V4.01
M46 - Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V11
- Sai ng h analog
X1
- Khi chn m lng chung mc 7, gi ti khi ng ngun V2.12
SUN - Vit tin nhn khng c ting Trung V7
- Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V7

QUY
- Vo mc tin nhn my t ng Reseaching mng
11
- S dng 3G gi ti tt mn hnh, rung, khi ng li( va chm nh

vo my -> tt, khi ng li)( sw trong my 2.10)
- Hao pin, chuyn ch t 2G sang 3G sim 1 khng sng( khi b V2.12
M73 cng lc 2 sim, 1 sim khng b), v sc y nu khng rt sc ra
thi gian di my s bo sc bo tip xc np in km)( sw
trong my 2.11)
M20 - Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V2.09
- Hao pin ch ch
M75 - Opera thnh thong treo my 20110707( V1.F7)
- Khng xem c mobiltivi/YOUTUBE
- Sai tn trong ci t ngy gi
- Khng tt c m chm ca cm ng V14( Bng in c)
- Vo JAVA\java bo v\n nrusted treo my

P5
- Vo opera khng c
- P5 Bng in mi( k hiu trn tem imei V1): Kng s c wifi - V14( Bng in
mi- V1)
KIM - S dng sim mng BEELINE gi 900 khi ng ngun V17
Q267 - S dng sim mng BEELINE gi 900 khi ng ngun V2.05
PCBA 1( Sim Vietnamobi khng gi c) Chy v6 Ha c ra

ME13
PCBA2( IN V2 TRN TEM IMEI) V7
PCBA c V6/ V7
Q133/Q134
PCBA mi( v2) khc : cpu, lcd, camera V3
12
5. Hng dn s dng tool: ng h o, Kh hn:

1. Hng dn s dng ng h o kim:
a. Gii thiu v ng h vn nng ( VOM)
ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut

vin in t no, ng h vn nng c 4 chc nng chnh l : o in tr, o in p 1
chiu(DC), o in p xoay chiu(AC) v o dng in.
u im ca ng h l o nhanh, kim tra c nhiu loi linh kin, thy c s
phng np ca t in , tuy nhin ng h ny c hn ch v chnh xc v c tr
khng thp khong 20K/Vol do vy khi o vo cc mch cho dng thp chng b st p.
b. Hng dn o in p xoay chiu( AC)

Khi o in p xoay chiu ta chuyn thang o v cc thang AC, thang AC cao hn
in p cn o mt nc.
V d: nu o in p AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta thang thp hn in p

cn o th ng h bo kch kim, nu thanh qu cao th kim bo thiu chnh xc.
c. Hng dn o in p mt chiu( DC) bng ng h vn nng.
Khi o in p mt chiu DC, ta nh chuyn thang o v thang DC, khi o ta t que
vo cc dng (+) ngun, que en vo cc m (-) ngun, thang o cao hn in
p cn o mt nc.
V d : nu o p DC 110V ta thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o thp hn in

p cn o => kim bo kch kim, trng hp thang qu cao => kim bo thiu chnh
xc.
Dng ng h vn nng o in p mt chiu DC
13
c. Hng dn o in tr v tr khng.
Vi thang o in tr ca ng h vn nng ta c th o c rt nhiu th.
o kim tra gi tr ca in tr
o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on dy dn
o kim tra s thng mch ca mt on mch in
o kim tra cc cun dy bin p c thng mch khng
o kim tra s phng np ca t in
o kim tra xem t c b d, b chp khng.
o kim tra tr khng ca mt mch in
o kim tra i t v bng bn dn.
* s dng c cc thang o ny ng h phi c lp 2 Pn tiu 1,5V bn trong,
x dng cc thang o 1Kohm hoc 10Kohm ta phi lp Pin 9V.
@ o in tr :
o kim tra in tr bng ng h vn nng
o tri s in tr ta thc hin theo cc bc sau :
Bc 1 : thang ng h v cc thang o tr, nu in tr nh th thang x1 ohm
hoc x10 ohm, nu in tr ln th thang x1Kohm hoc 10Kohm. => sau chp hai
que o v chnh trit o kim ng h bo v tr 0 ohm.
Bc 2 : Chun b o .
Bc 3 : t que o vo hai u in tr, c tr s trn thang o , Gi tr o c = ch
s thang o X thang o
V d : nu thang x 100 ohm v ch s bo l 27 th gi tr l = 100 x 27 = 2700 ohm
= 2,7 K ohm
Bc 4 : Nu ta thang o qu cao th kim ch ln mt cht , nh vy c tr s s
khng chnh xc.
Bc 5 : Nu ta thang o qu thp , kim ln qu nhiu, v c tr s cng khng
chnh xc.
Khi o in tr ta chn thang o sao cho kim bo gn v tr gia vch ch s s cho
chnh xc cao nht.
@. Dng thang in tr o kim tra t in
Ta c th dng thang in tr kim tra phng np v h hng ca t in , khi o
t in , nu l t gm ta dng thang o x1K ohm hoc 10K ohm, nu l t ho ta dng
thang x 1 ohm hoc x 10 ohm.
Dng thang x 1K ohm kim tra t gm:
Php o t gm trn cho ta bit :
T C1 cn tt => kim phng np khi ta o
T C2 b d => ln kim nhng khng tr v v tr c
T C3 b chp => kim ng h ln = 0 ohm v khng tr v.
Dng thang x 10 ohm kim tra t ho
trn l php o kim tra cc t ho, t ho rt t khi b d hoc chp m ch yu l b
kh ( gim in dung) khi o t ho bit chnh xc mc hng ca t ta cn o so
14
snh vi mt t mi c cng in dung.

trn l php o so snh hai t ho cng in dung, trong t C1 l t mi cn C2 l
t c, ta thy t C2 c phng np yu hn t C1 => chng t t C2 b kh ( gim
in dung )
Ch khi o t phng np, ta phi o chiu que o vi ln xem phng np
@Hng dn o dng in bng ng h vn nng.
Cch 1 : Dng thang o dng
o dng in bng ng h vn nng, ta o ng h ni tip vi ti tiu th v ch
l ch o c dng in nh hn gi tr ca thang o cho php, ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau
Bc 1 : t ng h vo thang o dng cao nht .
Bc 2: t que ng h ni tip vi ti, que v chiu dng, que en v chiu
m .
Nu kim ln thp qu th gim thang o
Nu kim ln kch kim th tng thang o, nu thang o thang cao nht th ng h
khng o c dng in ny.
Ch s kim bo s cho ta bit gi tr dng in .
Cch 2 : Dng thang o p DC
Ta c th o dng in qua ti bng cch o st p trn in tr hn dng mc ni vi
ti, in p o c chia cho gi tr tr hn dng s cho bit gi tr dng in, phng
php ny c th o c cc dng in ln hn kh nng cho php ca ng h v
ng h cmg an ton hn.
Cch c tr s dng in v in p khi o nh th no ?
* c gi tr in p AC v DC
Khi o in p DC th ta c gi tr trn vch ch s DCV.A
Nu ta thang o 250V th ta c trn vch c gi tr cao nht l 250, tng t
thang 10V th c trn vch c gi tr cao nht l 10. trng hp thang 1000V
nhng khng c vch no ghi cho gi tr 1000 th c trn vch gi tr Max = 10, gi tr
o c nhn vi 100 ln
Khi o in p AC th c gi tr cng tng t. c trn vch AC.10V, nu o thang
c gi tr khc th ta tnh theo t l. V d nu thang 250V th mi ch s ca vch 10
s tng ng vi 25V.
Khi o dng in th c gi tr tng t c gi tr khi o in p
6. Hng dn s dng ng h Digital( s)

a. Gii thiu v ng h s (DIGITAL)
ng h s Digital c mt s u im so vi ng h c kh, l chnh xc cao

hn, tr khng ca ng h cao hn do khng gy st p khi o vo dng in yu,
o c tn s in xoay chiu, tuy nhin ng h ny c mt s nhc im l chy
15
bng mch in t ln hay hng, kh nhn kt qu trong trng hp cn o nhanh,

khng o c phng np ca t.
ng h vn nng s Digital
b. Hng dn s dng ng h o:
- o in p mt chiu DC( hoc xoay chiu - AC)
16
t ng h vo thang o in p DC hoc AC
que ng h vo l cm V mA que en vo l cm COM
Bm nt DC/AC chn thang o l DC nu o p mt chiu hoc AC nu o

p xoay chiu.
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr V hy thang o cao nht nu cha bit r in

p, nu gi tr bo dng thp phn th ta gim thang o sau.
t thang o vo in p cn o v c gi tr trn mn hnh LCD ca ng h.
Nu t ngc que o(vi in mt chiu) ng h s bo gi tr m (-)
o dng in DC (AC)
Chuyn que ng h v thang mA nu o dng nh, hoc 20A nu o dng

ln.
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr A
Bm nt DC/AC chn o dng mt chiu DC hay xoay chiu AC
t que o ni tip vi mch cn o
c gi tr hin th trn mn hnh.
o in tr
17
Tr li v tr dy cm nh khi o in p .
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr o , nu cha bit gi tr in tr th chn thang

o cao nht , nu kt qu l s thp phn th ta gim xung.
t que o vo hai u in tr.
c gi tr trn mn hnh.
Chc nng o in tr cn c th o s thng mch, gi s o mt on dy

dn bng thang o tr, nu thng mch th ng h pht ra tin ku
o tn s
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr FREQ hoc Hz
thang o nh khi o in p .
t que o vo cc im cn o
c tr s trn mn hnh.
o Logic
o Logic l o vo cc mch s ( Digital) hoc o cc chn lnh ca vi x l, o

Logic thc cht l o trng thi c in K hiu 1 hay khng c in 0, cch
o nh sau:
Xoay chuyn mch v v tr LOGIC
t que vo v tr cn o que en vo mass
Mn hnh ch l bo mc logic mc cao, ch l bo logic mc thp
o cc chc nng khc
ng h vn nng s Digital cn mt s chc nng o khc nh o i t, o t

in, o Transistor nhng nu ta o cc linh kin trn, ta ln dng ng h c
kh s cho kt qu tt hn v o nhanh hn
18
7. Hng dn s dng kh hn:

My kh c cu to t 2 b phn c quan h hu c :
1- B sinh nhit c nhim v to ra sc nng ph hp lm chy thic gip tch v

gn linh kin trn main my an ton. Nu ch c b sinh nhit hot ng th chnh n s
nhanh chng b hng.
2- B sinh gi c nhim v cung cp p lc thch hp y nhit vo gm linh kin

thi gian ly linh kin ra s ngn v thun li.
Nu kt hp tt gia nhit v gi s m bo cho vic g v hn linh kin an ton cho

c chnh linh kin v mch in gim thiu ti a s c v gi thnh sa cha my.
*Gia nhit v gi l mi quan h nghch nhng hu c: Nu cng ch s nhit, khi gi

tng th nhit gim, v ngc li khi gi gim th nhit tng. gim thi gian IC ngm
nhit, ngi th cn dng hn hp nha thng lng nh mt cht xc tc va lm
sch mi hn va y nhit cng hng nhanh vo thic. Nh vy mun kh thnh
cng mt IC bn phi c 3 th : Gi;nhit; v nha thng lng
*Vic chnh nhit v gi l tu thuc vo th tch IC ( ch n din tch b mt) v

thng thng linh kin c din tch b mt cng rng th la nhit vo su cng kh
khn-nhit nhiu th d cht IC; gi nhiu th tuy c th la nhit su hn nhng phi
bt IC ngm nhit lu. Nu qa nhiu gi s lm rung linh kin, chn linh kin s b
lch nh v, thm ch cn lm bay c linh kin
*ng knh u kh quyt nh lng nhit v gi. Ty thuc kch c linh kin ln hay
nh m ta chn ng knh u kh cho thch hp, trnh qu to hoc qu nh: Nu
cng mt lng nhit v gi, u kh c ng knh nh th y nhit su hn, tp
trung nhit gn hn, loang nhit hn u to, nhng lng nhit ra t hn, thi gian
kh lu hn. Cn u to th cho ra lng nhit ln nhng li y nhit nng hn, v
c bit nhit b loang lm nh hng sang cc linh kin ln cn nhiu hn.
Trc khi kh nhit ta phi tun th cc nguyn tc sau:
- Phi che chn cc linh kin gn im kh kn st ti mt main trnh lt nhit vo

chng , tt hn l nn dng panh ln vt chn chng khng bng bnh.
- Nn c gng cch ly cc chi tit bng nha ra khi main.
- Nu trn main c CAMERA th phi b chng ra bo qun ring. Nu v vt knh

CAMERA tip cn vi nhit v ho cht th n s b bin tnh.
19
- Tuyt i khng c tp trung nhit t ngt v lu mt vng, cng khng nn gii

nhit qu nhanh s xy ra hin tng gin n t ngt lm mch in b rp. Nu nng
th main cn b cong, vnh dn n rn ngm mch in
- Khi nh v main bng b g, khng c p qu cht, khi kh nhit s lm cho

main b bin dng.
- Nu thay cp, ch kh vo cp khi b mt cp nm ng nht trn mt phng. Nu

phi un trong khi kh th khng c cp cong qu 45 . Cht ph mch dn s
b dn t khi cp ngui.
- Khi tip cn mn hnh nh che chn k, v phi kh vt t pha trong ra, trnh hng
u kh vo mn hnh; nu c th bn nn dng m hn, tuy c lu nhng an ton.
gip vic kh hiu qu, ngi ta thng phi dng dung mi h tr l nha thng
lng. y l hn hp Bu tin v nha thng, n c c tnh va dn nhit rt nhanh
va cng hng nhit rt tt. Nu ta kh m khng c nha thng th thi gian kh
di hn, linh kin s ngm nhit lu hn d gy cht linh kin nhiu hn. Nhng nu
lm dng n th nhiu khi n li l tc nhn gy hng linh kin do ta chng loang
sang cc linh kin khc, hoc qut qu nhiu khi t nhit si, n s i linh kin ln
lm sai nh v chn.
Vic kh linh kin c chia lm 2 giai on :
Giai on ly linh kin ra:
Giai on ny ai cng c khng nhit nh hng nhiu n IC, gi IC khng b

cht.Do vy to tm l cng thng dn n sai lm l s kh lu; s tng nhit dn n
thic b sng lm t chn IC v mch in.
trnh nhng s c ng tic nh trn, ta phi nht qun cc quy c sau y:
- Phi gi bng c s ton vn ca chn IC v mch in bng cch phi nh mc

nhit v gi, kh phi cm nhn l thic chn ht
- Gm ca IC phi thng thong, mun vy phi v sinh sch xung quanh v to hnh
lang cho nha thng thun li chui vo .
- Nha thng lng phi ngm su vo gm IC , mun vy dung dch nha thng phi
long- y chnh l nguy c thng gp i vi nhiu k thut vin t kinh nghim.
- Khi kh ly linh kin chng ta thng phm phi sai lm nhit thm thu qua thn
IC ri mi xung main. Nu ch thic chy th linh kin trong IC phi chu trn
qu lu lm chng bin tnh trc khi ta gp ra. khc phc nhc im ch t ny,
ta lm nh sau: Dng nha thng lng qut va quanh IC , nh l khng qut ln
20
b mt v lm loang sang cc linh kin ln cn. Theo linh cm, cc bn chnh gi

mnh thc nha thng v nhit vo gm IC-Ch l phi kh vt nghing u xung
quanh IC dung dch nha thng dn nhit su vo trong.
Khi cm nhn thic nng gi th chuyn m kh thng gc 90 ln trn, kh trn

u quanh IC trc (thng li ca n nm chnh gia), thu dn vng kh cho nhit
tn u trn b mt chng tc dng ln nhng mi thic nm trung tm IC cho
n khi nha thng si n IC tri ln , dng na nhc linh kin ra ( tham kho m
phng trn cc hnh di )
K nng ny c bit quan trng v IC thng b hng l do gi nhit vng trung tm

trong giai on kh ly ra. Tt nhin nu non nhit th thic b sng- khi nhc IC n
s ko c mch in ln, th y mi chnh l iu kinh khng nht.
Giai on gn linh kin vo:
- Trc tin lm v sinh tht sch cc mi chn trn main, qut va mt lp nha
thng mng ln . Xin nhc li: Nha thng ch va to mt lp mng mng trn
mt main. Nu qu nhiu , nha thng si s i linh kin ln lm sai nh v. Chnh
nhit v gi va kh nhit ti v tr gn IC. Sau ta chnh gi yu hn ( sc
gi khng lc lm sai nh v). Nu iu kin cho php, lt bng IC kh nhit tip
vo cc v tr va lm chn cho nng gi t IC ng v tr (nu c th ta dng di gi
nh v) v quay dn u m kh t cnh ngoi vo gia mt linh kin.
-. Nn nh l tt c cc cht bn dn hin nay ch c th chu c nhit khuyn

co (ti a cho php) trong thi gian ngn (c ti liu ni nu nhit cao hn nhit
khuyn co 10 % th tui th v thng s ca linh kin gim hn 30%). Chnh v vy
cho d nhit cha ti hn lm bin cht bn dn nhng nu ta kh nhiu ln v kh
lu th linh kin vn b cht.Trong trng hp bt kh khng (do lch nh v, nhm
chiu chn) ta nn kh ly chng ra ngay trc khi chng kp ngui.
Tm li khi dng my kh ta phi lu :
- Nhit lm chy thic ph thuc vo th tch ca linh kin, linh kin cng rng v
dy th nhit kh cng ln-nhng nu ln qu s lm cht linh kin.
- Gi l phng tin y nhit tc ng vo chn linh kin bn trong gm, to thun

li cho chng d la su, ta phi to cho xung quanh chng thng thong nht l cc
linh kin c din tch ln.Gi cng ln th cng la nhit vo su nhng cng lm gim
nhit , v d lm cc linh kin ln cn b nh hng. Do vy lun phi rn luyn cch
iu phi nhit-gi sao cho hi ho.
- Nha thng va l cht lm sch va l cht xc tc gip nhit cng hng thm
thu su vo gm linh kin, nn c 2 l nha thng vi t l long khc nhau. Khi ly
21
linh kin th phi qut nhiu hn khi gn linh kin, trnh cho linh kin b i do nha
thng si n ln, nu l IC th nn dng loi pha long chung d thm thu su.
- Trc khi thao tc phi suy lun xem nhit ti im kh s tc ng ti cc vng linh
kin no che chn chng li, nht l cc linh kin bng nha v nh.
-Cc linh kin d b nhit lm cht hoc bin tnh theo th t l : T in, nht l t mt
chiu; it; IC; bng bn dn; in tr
y l vn rng i hi k thut vin phi lun rn luyn k nng, tch ly kinh

nghim-Bi chnh nhit l 1 trong nhng k th nguy him nht ca phn cng,
chng tip cn vi nhit ln l vic vn bt c d, bi vy k nng cng iu luyn
cng tt !
8. Gii thiu linh kin in t, xc nh tr s v linh kin h

hng.
1.in tr: L mt linh kin c kh nng hn ch c dng in chy qua n
K hiu : R , n v : , Cng dng : Hn ch v gim th
V d : Trong in thoi R c th lm tng gim sng ti ca Led
Cch kim tra : + Mu en bng
+ Mun xc nh chnh xc ca R phi i chiu vi lc my
@n v ca in tr
n v in tr l (Ohm) , K , M
1K = 1000
1M = 1000 K = 1.000.000
@ Cng sut ca in tr( i vi dng in 1 chiu)

Khi mc in tr vo mt on mch, bn thn in tr tiu th mt cng xut P tnh
c theo cng thc
P = U . I = U2 / R = I2.R
Theo cng thc trn ta thy, cng xut tiu th ca in tr ph thuc vo dng
in i qua in tr hoc ph thuc vo in p trn hai u in tr.
Cng xut tiu th ca in tr l hon ton tnh c trc khi lp in tr vo

mch.
22
Nu em mt in tr c cng xut danh nh nh hn cng xut n s tiu th

th in tr s b chy.
Thng thng ngi ta lp in tr vo mch c cng xut danh nh > = 2 ln

cng xut m n s tiu th.
in tr chy do qu cng sut
s trn cho ta thy : Ngun Vcc l 12V, cc in tr u c tr s l 120

nhng c cng xut khc nhau, khi cc cng tc K1 v K2 ng, cc in tr
u tiu th mt cng xut l:P = U2 / R = (12 x 12) / 120 = 1,2W
Khi K1 ng, do in tr c cng xut ln hn cng xut tiu th , nn in tr

khng chy.
Khi K2 ng, in tr c cng xut nh hn cng xut tiu th , nn in tr b

chy
@ Cc cch mc :
- in tr mc ni tip .
in tr mc ni tip.
Cc in tr mc ni tip c gi tr tng ng bng tng cc in tr thnh

phn cng li. Rtd = R1 + R2 + R3
Dng in chy qua cc in tr mc ni tip c gi tr bng nhau v bng I I =

( U1 / R1) = ( U2 / R2) = ( U3 / R3 )
23
T cng thc trn ta thy rng , st p trn cc in tr mc ni tip t l thun

vi gi tr int tr .
- in tr mc song song.
in tr mc song song
Cc in tr mc song song c gi tr tng ng Rtd c tnh bi cng thc

(1 / Rtd) = (1 / R1) + (1 / R2) + (1 / R3)
Nu mch ch c 2 in tr song song th:
Rtd = R1.R2 / ( R1 + R2)
Dng in chy qua cc in tr mc song song t l nghch vi gi tr in tr .

I1 = ( U / R1) , I2 = ( U / R2) , I3 =( U / R3 )
in p trn cc in tr mc song song lun bng nhau
- in tr mc hn hp
in tr mc hn hp.
Mc hn hp cc in tr to ra in tr ti u hn .
V d: nu ta cn mt in tr 9K ta c th mc 2 in tr 15K song song sau

mc ni tip vi in tr 1,5K .
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Mc in tr thnh cu phn p c c mt in p theo mun t mt

in p cho trc.
Cu phn p ly ra p U1 tu .
T ngun 12V trn thng qua cu phn p R1 v R2 ta ly ra in p U1, p U1 ph

thuc vo gi tr hai in tr R1 v R2.theo cng thc .
U1 / U = R1 / (R1 + R2) => U1 = U.R1/(R1 + R2)
Thay i gi tr R1 hoc R2 ta s thu c in p U1 theo mun.
2.T in: Gm 2 ming kim loi t song song nhau, gia l 1 cht cch in. n
v o F (Farad)
c tnh: Ch cho dng in xoay chiu i qua
C 2 loi t in:
- T khng phn cc: Khng phn bit chiu lp vo board
- T c phn cc: Phi lp ng cc c nh sn
Cch nhn bit: Nhng con nh li ti mu vng hoc mu xm xanh
Cng dng: T dng gi in hoc khi c dng in chy qua th n s lc ngun.
T c th kim tra trn board mch chm hay khng chm. Khng xc nh c gi tr
* n v in dung ca t : n v l Fara (F) , 1Fara l rt ln do trong thc t

thng dng cc n v nh hn nh MicroFara (F) , NanoFara (nF), PicoFara (pF).
1 Fara = 1.000.000 Fara = 1.000.000.000 n F = 1.000.000.000.000 p F
1 Fara = 1.000 n Fara
1 n Fara = 1.000 p Fara
* K hiu : T in c k hiu l C (Capacitor)
25
K hiu ca t in trn s nguyn l.
a. Phn loi t in
- T giy, T gm, T mica. (T khng phn cc )

Cc loi t ny khng phn bit m dng v thng c in dung nh t 0,47 F tr
xung, cc t ny thng c s dng trong cc mch in c tn s cao hoc mch
lc nhiu.
T gm l t khng phn cc.
- T ho ( T c phn cc )
T ho l t c phn cc m dng , t ho c tr s ln hn v gi tr t 0,47F
n khong 4.700 F , t ho thng c s dng trong cc mch c tn s
thp hoc dng lc ngun, t ho lun lun c hnh tr..
26
T ho L t c phn cc m dng.
- T xoay .
T xoay l t c th xoay thay i gi tr in dung, t ny thng c lp
trong Radio thay i tn s cng hng khi ta d i.
T xoay s dng trong Radio
b. Phng php kim tra t in
- o kim tra t giy v t gm.
T giy v t gm thng hng dng b d r hoc b chp, pht hin t d r hoc

b chp ta quan st hnh nh sau y .
o kim tra t giy hoc t gm .
hnh nh trn l php o kim tra t gm, c ba t C1 , C2 v C3 c in dung

bng nhau, trong C1 l t tt, C2 l t b d v C3 l t b chp.
Khi o t C1 ( T tt ) kim phng ln 1 cht ri tr v v tr c. ( Lu cc t nh

qu < 1nF th kim s khng phng np )
Khi o t C2 ( T b d ) ta thy kim ln lng chng thang o v dng li khng

tr v v tr c.
27
Khi o t C3 ( T b chp ) ta thy kim ln = 0 v khng tr v.
Lu : Khi o kim tra t giy hoc t gm ta phi ng h thang x1K

hoc x10K, v phi o chiu kim ng h vi ln khi o.
- o kim tra t ho
T ho t khi b d hay b chp nh t giy, nhng chng li hay hng dng b kh

( kh ho cht bn trong lp in mi ) lm in dung ca t b gim , kim tra t
ho , ta thng so snh phng np ca t vi mt t cn tt c cng in dung,
hnh nh di y minh ho cc bc kim tra t ho.
o kim tra t ho
kim tra t ho C2 c tr s 100F c b gim in dung hay khng, ta dng

t C1 cn mi c cng in dung v o so snh.
ng h thang t x1 n x100 ( in dung cng ln th thang cng

thp )
o vo hai t v so snh phng np , khi o ta o chiu que o vi ln.
Nu hai t phng np bng nhau l t cn kim tra cn tt, trn ta thy t C2

phng np km hn do t C2 trn b kh.
Trng hp kim ln m khng tr v l t b d.
Ch : Nu kim tra t in trc tip trn mch , ta cn phi ht rng mt chn t

khi mch in, sau kim tra nh trn.
c. Cc kiu mc t in v ng dng
28
- T in mc ni tip .
Cc t in mc ni tip c in dung tng ng C t c tnh bi cng

thc : 1 / C t = (1 / C1 ) + ( 1 / C2 ) + ( 1 / C3 )
Trng hp ch c 2 t mc ni tip th C t = C1.C2 / ( C1 + C2 )
Khi mc ni tip th in p chu ng ca t tng ng bng tng in p

ca cc t cng li. U t = U1 + U2 + U3
Khi mc ni tip cc t in, nu l cc t ho ta cn ch chiu ca t in,

cc m t trc phi ni vi cc dng t sau:
T in mc ni tip T in mc song song
- T in mc song song.
Cc t in mc song song th c in dung tng ng bng tng in dung

ca cc t cng li . C = C1 + C2 + C3
in p chu ng ca t in tng tng bng in p ca t c in p thp

nht.
Nu l t ho th cc t phi c u cng chiu m dng.
a. ng dng ca t in .
T in c s dng rt nhiu trong k thut in v in t, trong cc thit b in t,

t in l mt linh kin khng th thiu c, mi mch in t u c mt cng dng
nht nh nh truyn dn tn hiu , lc nhiu, lc in ngun, to dao ng ..vv
29
3.Cun dy:
n v o H ( Henry)
Cu to: Cun cm gm mt s vng dy qun li thnh nhiu vng, dy qun c sn
emay cch in, li cun dy c th l khng kh, hoc l vt liu dn t nh Ferrite hay li
thp k thut .
Cun dy li khng kh Cun dy li Ferit
K hiu cun dy trn s : L1 l cun dy li khng kh, L2 l cun dy li ferit, L3 l cun

dy c li chnh, L4 l cun dy li thp k thut
c tnh:
- i vi dng in 1 chiu th cun dy khng cn in
- i vi dng in xoay chiu nu c tn s cng cao th cun dy cn in
cng nhiu .
4. TRANSISTOR:
a/ Cu to ca Transistor. ( Bng bn dn )
Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mi

tip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor ngc , nu
ghp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor thun. v phng din cu to
Transistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau .
30
Cu to Transistor
Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gi
l cc gc k hiu l B ( Base ), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng tp cht
thp.
Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht (

Emitter ) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp ( Collector )
vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P )
nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho
nhau c.
b/ Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor.
* Xt hot ng ca Transistor NPN .
Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot

ng ca transistor NPN
Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo

cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E.
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Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E ,

trong cc (+) vo chn B, cc (-) vo chn E.
Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E

c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E ( lc
ny dng IC = 0 )
Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy

t (+) ngun UBE qua cng tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to
thnh dng IB
Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm
bng n pht sng, v dng IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB
Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo

mt cng thc .
IC = .IB
Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE
IB l dng chy qua mi BE
l h s khuych i ca Transistor
Gii thch : Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi

tip gip P-N to thnh dng in, khi xut hin dng IBE
do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s
in t t do t lp bn dn N ( cc E ) vt qua tip gip sang lp
bn dn P( cc B ) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh
trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b
ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua
Transistor.
* Xt hot ng ca Transistor PNP .
S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh
ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc li . Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t
E sang B.
c K hiu v hnh dng ca Transistor
32
K hiu ca Transistor
Transistor cng xut nh Transistor cng xut ln
d- Phng php kim tra Transistor
Transistor khi hot ng c th h hng do nhiu nguyn nhn, nh hng do nhit ,

m, do in p ngun tng cao hoc do cht lng ca bn thnTransistor, kim
tra Transistor bn hy nh cu to ca chng.
Cu to ca Transistor
Kim tra Transistor thun NPN tng t kim tra

hai Diode u chung cc Ant, im chung l cc B, nu o t B sang C
33
v B sang E ( que en vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun chiu =>

kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln.
Kim tra Transistor ngoc PNP tng t kim tra

hai Diode u chung cc Katt, im chung l cc B ca Transistor, nu
o t B sang C v B sang E ( que vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai
diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim
khng ln.
Tri vi cc iu trn l Transistor b hng.
5. MOSFET
a. Gii thiu v Mosfet
Mosfet l Transistor hiu ng trng ( Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect

Transistor ) l mt Transistor c bit c cu to v hot ng khc vi Transistor
thng thng m ta bit, Mosfet c nguyn tc hot ng da trn hiu ng t
trng to ra dng in, l linh kin c tr khng u vo ln thch hn cho
khuych i cc ngun tn hiu yu, Mosfet c s dng nhiu trong cc mch ngun
Monitor, ngun my tnh .
Transistor hiu ng trng Mosfet
b. Cu to v k hiu ca Mosfet.
34
K hiu v s chn tng ng

gia Mosfet v Transistor
* Cu to ca Mosfet.
Cu to ca Mosfet ngc Knh P
G : Gate gi l cc cng
S : Source gi l cc ngun
D : Drain gi l cc mng
Mosfet kn N c hai ming bn dn loi P t trn nn bn dn N, gia hai lp

P-N c cch in bi lp SiO2 hai ming bn dn P c ni ra thnh cc D
v cc S, nn bn dn N c ni vi lp mng mng trn sau c du
ra thnh cc G.
Mosfet c in tr gia cc G vi cc S v gia cc G vi cc D l v cng

ln , cn in tr gia cc D v cc S ph thuc vo in p chnh lch gia
cc G v cc S ( UGS )
Khi in p UGS = 0 th in tr RDS rt ln, khi in p UGS > 0 => do hiu

ng t trng lm cho in tr RDS gim, in p UGS cng ln th in tr
RDS cng nh.
c. Nguyn tc hot ng ca Mosfet
Mch in th nghim.
35
Mch th nghim s hot ng ca Mosfet
Th nghim : Cp ngun mt chiu UD qua mt bng n D vo hai cc D v S

ca Mosfet Q (Phn cc thun cho Mosfet ngc) ta thy bng n khng sng
ngha l khng c dng in i qua cc DS khi chn G khng c cp in.
Khi cng tc K1 ng, ngun UG cp vo hai cc GS lm in p UGS > 0V =>

n Q1 dn => bng n D sng.
Khi cng tc K1 ngt, in p tch trn t C1 (t gm) vn duy tr cho n Q dn

=> chng t khng c dng in i qua cc GS.
Khi cng tc K2 ng, in p tch trn t C1 gim bng 0 => UGS= 0V => n
tt
=> T thc nghim trn ta thy rng : in p t vo chn G khng to ra dng

GS nh trong Transistor thng thng m in p ny ch to ra t trng =>
lm cho in tr RDS gim xung .
d. o kim tra Mosfet
36
Mt Mosfet cn tt : L khi o tr khng gia G vi S v gia G vi D c in

tr bng v cng ( kim khng ln c hai chiu o) v khi G c thot in
th tr khng gia D v S phi l v cng.
Cc bc kim tra nh sau: o kim tra Mosfet ngc thy cn tt.
Bc 1 : Chun b thang x1KW
Bc 2 : Np cho G mt in tch ( que en vo G que vo S hoc D )
Bc 3 : Sau khi np cho G mt in tch ta o gia D v S ( que en vo D

que vo S ) => kim s ln.
Bc 4 : Chp G vo D hoc G vo S thot in chn G.
Bc 5 : Sau khi thot in chn G o li DS nh bc 3 kim khng ln.
=> Kt qu nh vy l Mosfet tt.
o kim tra Mosfet ngc thy b chp
Bc 1 : ng h thang x 1KW
o gia G v S hoc gia G v D nu kim ln = 0 W l chp
o gia D v S m c hai chiu o kim ln = 0 W l chp D S
6. THYRISTOR
a. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca Thyristor
Cu to Thyristor K hiu ca Thyristor S tng tng
37
Thyristor c cu to gm 4 lp bn dn ghp li to thnh hai Transistor mc ni tip,

mt Transistor thun v mt Transistor ngc ( nh s tng ng trn ) .
Thyristor c 3 cc l Anot, Katot v Gate gi l A-K-G, Thyristor l Diode c iu
khin , bnh thng khi c phn cc thun, Thyristor cha dn in, khi c mt in
p kch vo chn G => Thyristor dn cho n khi in p o chiu hoc ct in p
ngun Thyristor mi ngng dn..
b.Th nghim sau y minh ho s hot ng ca Thyristor
Th nghim minh ho s hot ng ca Thyristor.
Ban u cng tc K2 ng, Thyristor mc d c phn cc thun nhng vn

khng c dng in chy qua, n khng sng.
Khi cng tc K1 ng, in p U1 cp vo chn G lm n Q2 dn => ko theo

n Q1 dn => dng in t ngun U2 i qua Thyristor lm n sng.
Tip theo ta thy cng tc K1 ngt nhng n vn sng, v khi Q1 dn, in p

chn B n Q2 tng lm Q2 dn, khi Q2 dn lm p chn B n Q1 gim lm
n Q1 dn , nh vy hai n nh thin cho nhau v duy tr trang thi dn in.
n sng duy tr cho n khi K2 ngt => Thyristor khng c cp in v

ngng trang thi hot ng.
Khi Thyristor ngng dn, ta ng K2 nhng n vn khng sng nh trng

hp ban u.
38
Hnh dng Thyristor
o kim tra Thyristor
o kim tra Thyristor
t ng h thang x1W , t que en vo Anot, que vo Katot ban u kim khng

ln, dng dy ni chn A vo chn G => thy ng h ln kim , tho dy ra => ng h
vn ln kim => nh vy l Thyristor tt .
7. DIODE:
Gm 1 ming bn dn loi P tip xc 1 ming bn dn loi N

K hiu:
Cng dng: TI dng in t (+) sang (-) khng cho php i ngc li
Diode pht quang (Led): L diode khi c dng in chy qua n s pht sang.
@Phng php o diode:
t ng h thang x 1 , t hai que o vo hai u Diode, nu :
39
o chiu thun que en vo Ant, que vo Katt => kim ln, o chiu o
kim khng ln l => Diode tt
Nu o c hai chiu kim ln = 0 => l Diode b chp.
Nu o thun chiu m kim khng ln => l Diode b t.
Nu thang 1K m o ngc vo Diode kim vn ln mt cht l Diode b d.
8 Mch chnh lu
a B ngun trong cc mch in t .
Trong cc mch in t ca cc thit b nh Radio -Cassette, mlpy, Ti vi mu, u VCD v v

chng s dng ngun mt chiu DC cc mc in p khc nhau, nhng ngoi zc cm ca
cc thit b ny li cm trc tip vo ngun in AC 220V 50Hz, nh vy cc thit b in t cn
c mt b phn chuyn i t ngun xoay chiu ra in p mt chiu , cung cp cho cc mch
trn, b phn chuyn i bao gm :
Bin p ngun : H th t 220V xung cc in p thp hn nh 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V v v
Mch chnh lu : i in AC thnh DC.
Mch lc Lc gn xoay chiu sau chnh lu cho ngun DC phng hn.
Mch n p : Gi mt in p c nh cung cp cho ti tiu th
S tng qut ca mch cp ngun.
b Mch chnh lu bn chu k .
Mch chnh lu bn chu k s dng mt Diode mc ni tip vi ti tiu th, chu k dng =>
Diode c phn cc thun do c dng in i qua diode v i qua ti, chu k m , Diode b
40
phn cc ngc do khng c dng qua ti.
Dng in p u ra ca mch chnh lu bn chu k.
c. Mch chnh lu c chu k
Mch chnh lu c chu k thng dng 4 Diode mc theo hnh cu (cn gi l mch chnh lu
cu) nh hnh di.
Mch chnh lu c chu k .
chu k dng ( u dy pha trn dng, pha di m) dng in i qua diode D1 =>
qua Rti => qua diode D4 v u dy m
chu k m, in p trn cun th cp o chiu ( u dy trn m, di dng)

dng in i qua D2 => qua Rti => qua D3 v u dy m.
Nh vy c hai chu k u c dng in chy qua ti.
9 Mch n p c nh
41
a Mch n p c nh dng Diode Zener.
Mch n p to p 33V c nh cung cp cho mch d knh trong Ti vi mu
T ngun 110V khng c nh thng qua in tr hn dng R1 v gim trn Dz 33V

ly ra mt in p c nh cung cp cho mch d knh
Khi thit k mt mch n p nh trn ta cn tnh ton in tr hn dng sao cho dng
in ngc cc i qua Dz phi nh hn dng m Dz chu c, dng cc i qua Dz l
khi dng qua R2 = 0
Nh s trn th dng cc i qua Dz bng st p trn R1 chia cho gi tr R1 , gi dng

in ny l I1 ta c
I1 = (110 33 ) / 7500 = 77 / 7500 ~ 10mA
Thng thng ta nn dng ngc qua Dz 25 mA
b Mch n p c nh dng Transistor, IC n p .
Mch n p dng Diode Zener nh trn c u im l n gin nhng nhc im l cho dng
in nh ( 20mA). c th to ra mt in p c nh nhng cho dng in mnh hn nhiu
ln ngi ta mc thm Transistor khuych i v dng nh s di y.
Mch n p c Transistor khuych i
42
mch trn in p ti im A c th thay i v cn gn xoay chiu nhng in p ti

im B khng thay i v tng i phng.
Nguyn l n p : Thng qua in tr R1 v Dz gim c nh in p chn B ca

Transistor Q1, gi s khi in p chn
E n Q1 gim => khi in p UBE tng => dng qua n Q1 tng => lm in p chn
E ca n tng , v ngc li
Mch n p trn n gin v hiu qu nn c s dng rt rng di v ngi ta sn

xut cc loi IC h LA78.. thay th cho mch n p trn, IC LA78.. c s mch
nh phn mch c mu xanh ca s trn.
9. K thut s:
1. H thng s m v khi nim v m:
a. H thng s m.
- Khi nim: H m l tp hp cc phng php gi v biu din cc con s

bng cc k hiu c gi tr s lng xc nh gi l cc ch s.
- Phn loi: c th phn h m thnh 2 loi: h m theo v tr v h m khng

theo v tr.
+ H m theo v tr: H m theo v tr l h m m trong gi tr s lng

ca ch s cn ph thuc vo v tr ca n ng trong con s c th.
V d: H thp phn l h m theo v tr, nh 1991 biu din bi 2 s 1 v 9 nhng t

v tr ng s mang gi tr s lng khc nhau.
+ H m khng theo v tr : L h m m trong gi tr s lng ca ch s

khng ph thuc vo v tr ca n ng trong con s
V d: h m la m l h m khng theo v tr, s dng cc k t I, V, X, biu din

cc con s.
- C s ca h m:
43
b. Quy i gia cc h thng s:
@ Nh phn sang thp phn
@ Thp phn sang nh phn:
44
c. Khi nim v m:
45
2. Cc phn t logic c bn:

Cc hm lgic c thc hin nh cc h vt l c gi l cc mch lgic, trong
cc mch lgic t hp th tn hiu u ra ch ph thuc cc tn hiu u vo ti
thi im ang xt. C nhiu phng php vt l (in t, c hc, c in, thu
lc) thc hin cc hm lgic c bn AND (v), OR (hoc), NOT (ph nh),
NOR, NAND, XOR.
Cc phn t lgic c bn thc hin cc hm lgic c bn l cc mch lgic t hp

c t nht hai u vo (ngoi tr NOT) v ch mt u ra (quy c: A; B; C l cc
u vo, Y l u ra), chng c tch hp trong IC. Ta s xem xt cc phn t ny
theo cch m t t k hiu, bng tht (bng chn tr), biu thc Boole n s
thi gian m t hot ng ca n (tc t m t tnh n m t ng).
a. Phn t lgic AND: AND c chc nng nh l mt cng, cng ng khi tn hiu
cc u vo khng v cng m khi cc tn hiu cc u vo. Hnh 2
m t AND.
Hnh 2: Cc cch m t tnh v ng phn

t AND
Mt v d s dng phn t lgic AND nh l mt phn ca b cng nh phn, Hnh

3 cho php cng 1+1= 10. Trong cng AND c dng mch s nh (C).
Trn th trng c IC 7408 (cn gi l chip 7408) l loi c 4 phn t AND c lp,
lgic dng, mi phn t c hai u vo, chung ngun in, c 14 chn (cn gi l
pin), chn 14 v chn 7 l chn +Vcc v chn GND, gc di bn tri c du trn
xc nh chn 1 v theo th t t tri sang phi n chn 7, t 8-14 theo th t t
phi sang tri.
46
Hnh 3: B cng nh phn dng cng

and
b. Phn t lgic OR: OR cng c chc nng nh l mt cng, cng m ch cn c

mt tn hiu (lgic1) t ln mt u vo. Hnh 4 m t OR (cn c k hiu khc,
nhng theo ngi vit bi th cch k hiu ny th hin tnh cht OR hn).

t OR
Mt v d s dng OR chiu sng du +/- (P/N) trong dng c o s nh Hnh 5. Du

(-) sng khi u vo A(N) c logic1 v u vo B (P) c logic 0, du (+) sng khi c
hai u vo c logic.
Hnh 5: Dng cng OR chiu sng

du +/-
Trn th trng c IC 7432 l loi c 4 phn t OR c lp, c m t nh IC 7408

trn.
c. Phn t lgic NOT: NOT c chc nng o tn hiu (o lgic 1 u vo thnh

lgic 0 u ra v ngc li). Hnh 6 m t NOT.
47

t NOT
Mt v d dng NOT nh l b gii m (chuyn i s nh phn sang s thp phn),

xem Hnh 7.
u vo l mt s nh phn 2 bit B="1," A="0." u ra l s thp phn tng ng (s 2
Hnh 7: B gii m nh phn dng

NOT
d. Phn t lgic NOR (cn gi l OR o): NOR c chc nng o tn hiu u

ra ca OR (c th o cng ra hoc o ngay cc cng vo). Hnh 8 m t
NOR (o cng ra)ss. NOR l phn t lgic a nng, dng nhiu trong mch s,
c th dng NOR thay cho cng OR c o hoc AND bng cch: ni hai NOR
mt cch thch hp cho ra OR hoc ni ba NOR cho ra AND (Bn c d dng t
v c cch kt ni).
Hnh 8: Cc cch m t tnh v ng phn t NOR
e. Phn t lgic NAND (cn gi l AND o): NAND c chc nng o tn hiu
u ra AND (c th o cng ra hoc ngay cc cng vo). M t NAND nh
Hnh 9. NAND l phn t lgic a nng, nu kt ni thch hp s c AND, OR,
NOT (Bn c d dng t v c cch kt ni).
f. Phn t lgic XOR: Phn t ny kh ging OR, ch khc hng cui trong
bng tht. Hnh 10 m t XOR (cn c k hiu khc, ngi vit bi thy dng k
hiu ph hp vi k hiu OR trn).
48
Hnh 9: Cc cch m t tnh v ng phn t NAND
Hnh 10: Cc cch m t tnh v ng phn t XOR
XOR l phn t a nng, thng c dng trong b s hc ca my tnh, v d lm

b cng hai s nh phn nh ng dng ca cng AND Hnh 4.
Cc phn t lgic nhiu u vo trong IC: Cc phn t lgic c bn trn, c th

cn c nhiu u vo, song cc php ton khng thay i (v d: ABC="Y" cho phn
t logic AND c ba u vo).
Tng hp cc phn t lgic: H lgic phc tp c th nhn c bng cch kt ni

cc phn t lgic c bn theo hai nguyn tc sau:
u ra ca mt phn t lgic c bn c th ni vi mt hoc nhiu phn t
c bn khc; Hai u ra ca hai phn t lgic c bn khng c ni trc
tip vi nhau.
Qu trnh tng hp h lgic phc tp t cc phn t lgic c bn c thc
hin theo ba bc sau:
Bc 1: Lp bng tht m t hot ng ca h cn tng hp, t bng tht
ny vit ra hm lgic ca h;
49
Bc 2: Gim thiu ti a hm lgic ca h, dng hm cui cng thng l tch

cc tng hoc tng cc tch;
Bc 3: Chn cc phn t lgic c bn thc hin hm lgic trn.
3. Khi nim v M Ha v Gii m:
a) Khi nim m ho
Ni mt cch khi qut, m ho l dng vn t, k hiu hay m biu th mt

i tng xc nh. V d nh tn t cho tr s sinh, cc th sinh tham gia cc mn thi
c mt s bo danh thay th. Vn t v h m thp phn khng tin dng cho
mch s. M ho nh phn l qu trnh dng m nh phn biu th i tng xt n
(i tng ny l tn hiu). Biu th s lng nhiu th tng s bit( Binary digiT). M nh
phn c n bit th c 2n trng thi, c th biu th c 2n tn hiu. Vy m ho N tn
hiu cn s dng n bit, theo cng thc 2n >= N.
B m ho l mch in thc hin thao tc m ho. Cn c vo yu cu c

im khc nhau ca tn hiu c m ho, chng ta c cc b m ho khc nhau: B
m ho nh phn, b m ho nh - thp phn, b m ho u tin v.v...
- B m ho nh phn: B m ho nh phn l mch in dng n bit m

ho N = 2n tn hiu.
- B m ho nh - thp phn: B m ho nh thp phn l mch in chuyn
m h thp phn bao gm 10 ch s t 0 n 9 thnh m h nh phn.
u vo 10 ch s, u ra l nhm m s nh phn, gi l m nh - thp phn
(BCD - Binary - Code - Decimal).
b. B gii m
Gii m l qu trnh phin dch hm gn cho m. Mch in thc hin vic

gii m c gi l b gii m
- B gii m nh phn: B gii m nh phn phin dch cc t m nh phn

thnh tn hiu u ra.
- B gii m (BCD) - thp phn:
50
B gi m thc hin chuyn D Y0

i t m BCD thnh 10 tn hiu u C Y1
B
ra tng ng vi 10 ch s thp B .
GII M
A .
phn
.
Y9
- B gii m hin th k t:
Thit k b gii m hin th cho LED 7 thanh vi tn hiu u vo l m BCD
8421.
4. Khi nim v b m:
B m c xy dng trn c s cc flip-flop( FF) ghp vi nhau sao cho hot ng

theo 1 bng trng thi( quy lut) cho trc.
S lng FF s dng l s hng ca b m
B m cn c s dng to ra 1 dy a ch ca lnh iu khin, m s chu trnh

thc hin php tnh, hoc c th dng trong vn thu v pht m.
C th phn loi b m theo nhiu cch:
- Phn loi theo c s cc h m: B m thp phn, b m nh phn

Trong b m nh phn c chia lm 2 loi:
+ B m vi dung lng m 2n
+ B m vi dung lng m khc 2n( m modulo M)
- Phn loi theo hng m, gm: Mch m ln( m tin), Mch m

xung( m li), mch m vng.
- Phn loi mch m theo tn hiu chuyn: B m ni tip, b m song song,
b m hn hp.
- Phn loi da vo chc nng iu khin:
+ B m ng b:S thay i ng ra ph thuc vo tn hiu iu khin Ck.
+ B m khng ng b.
Mc d c nhiu cch phn loi, tuy nhin ch c 3 loi chnh: B m ni

tip( Khng ng b), B m song song( ng b), B m hn hp.
51
10. Linh kin v tn hiu trong in thoi di ng:

Ni dung: Bn cht ca in thoi di ng, Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di
ng, B chuyn i tn hiu Analog - Digital, Mch iu ch v tch sng trong IC
cao trung tn, Cu to ca IC khuch i cng sut pht, Cu to ca chuyn mch
Anten.
1. Bn cht ca in thoi di ng
in thoi di ng ngy nay l s kt hp ca nhiu thit b
- Mt chic Radio
- Mt chic my pht sng cao tn

- Mt my vi tnh
- Mt Camera k thut s
=> Tt c c gi gn v thu nh trong mt thit b nh xu nm gn trong lng bn

tay .
Nu bn hiu c Radio, nu bn hiu c My vi tnh tc l bn tin

gn ti chic in thoi di ng, v vy chng ti khuyn bn d dng tip cn
chng trnh ny bn hy khm ph chic Radio v chic my vi tnh trc .
2. Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng
Bn cht tn hiu trong in thoi di ng

Tn hiu m tn:
y l tn hiu m thanh sau khi i thnh tn hiu in, tn hiu ny c tn s t

20Hz n 20KHz, l tn hiu thu c sau Micro hoc tn hiu trn ng ra loa, tn
hiu m tn l tn hiu Analog.
Tn hiu s:
52
y l tn hiu ch c hai mc in p "khng c in - biu din bng s 0" v " c

in biu din bng s 1 ", tn hiu m tn sau khi i qua mch chuyn i A - D s
cho ra tn hiu s ( Digital ). Trong in thoi tn hiu s l tn hiu lin lc gia IC
cao tn vi IC m m tn, ngoi ra tn hiu s l tn hiu x l chnh ca CPU v b
nh Memory .
Tn hiu cao tn:
Tn hiu s c iu ch vo sng cao tn theo phng php iu pha to ra

tn hiu cao tn pht, tn hiu cao tn pht c tn s t 890MHz n 915MHz.
Tn hiu cao tn pht (TX) i ra t sau mch iu ch trn IC cao trung tn, chng
c
khuch i tng cng sut trc khi a ra Anten pht v tng i thng qua cc
trm thu pht.
3. B chuyn i A-D v D-A
(Analog<=>Digital ) Bn trong IC m
tn:
Tn hiu tng t - Analog
Tn hiu Analog l tn hiu trong t nhin sau khi i ra tn hiu in nh tn hiu m

tn, tn hiu th tn ... tn hiu tng t c dng hnh sin .
Tn hiu Analog dng hnh sin
Tn hiu s - Digital
Tn hiu s khng c trong t nhin m y l tn hiu do con ngi to ra, tn

hiu s ch c hai trng thi:
- C in biu din bng s 1
- Khng c in biu din bng s 0
53
i tn hiu Analog sang Digital
Mch ly mu :
Tn hiu m tn c ly mu tn s khong 10KHz, trung bnh tn hiu thoi c

tn s t 1KHz n 2KHz v vy mi chu k tn hiu c ly mu khong 5 n 10
im.
Cc im ly mu s o c cc gi tr t nh nht l 0 n ln nht l 255 mc.

V d trn o c gi tr ti cc im l: A = 150
B = 240
C = 225
D = 80
E = 50
F = 140
Cc tn hiu ny s c i thnh tn hiu s (Bn xem li cch i trong
chng "Tng quan" chng trnh Phn cng my tnh).
54
A = 150 = 1001 0110
B = 240 = 1111 0000
C = 225 = 1110 0001
D = 80 = 0101 0000
E = 50 = 0011 0010
F = 140 = 1000 1100
Mch in i tn hiu Analog => Digital
Mch in i tn hiu Digital => Analog
11. Hng dn xc nh my chp ngun v hng khc

phc:
- Chp ngun trc: My chp trc ngun l my n dng ngay khi cp

ngun t b cp ngun.Nguyn nhn l do chp 1 trong cc ng c cp
ngun thng t VBat(IC ngun,IC PA,IC K n LCD, ic chung)
Kinh nghim sa cha cho pan bnh ny:
+ Cch 1: Lp pin hoc cp ngun vo my khong 10s, v kim tra nhanh bng
cch t tay vo lng cc linh kin , linh kin no nng l linh kin b chm,
sau khi xc nh c linh kin li, tin hnh tho ri ra khi boad, kim tra, thay
th.
+ Cch 2: C lp v khoan vng tng khi, xc nh c khi no b chm,
sau khi xc nh c khi chm ta tin hnh kim tra cc t lc, linh kin trn
ng vbat cp cho ic chnh, v ic .
- Chp ngun sau: My chp sau ngun l my n dng ln sau khi n phm
ngun.Nguyn nhn l do d 1 trong 2 ng VDD v AVDD:
55
Kinh nghim sa cha cho Pan bnh ny l dung ng h vn nng thang

o m o ktra cc t lc ng cp VDD v AVDD.cch ny cho ta phn bit c
bn c li sinh ra bi chp ng VDD hay chp AVDD(lu l d hay trm mt
g no th tt c cc t lc g o u c hin tng chp or d ging
nhau).Sau khi phn bit c d hay chp trn g no ta tin hnh sa cha:
Cch 1: thc hin cp dng ~2v8 thng ln lkin lc ng chm v thc
hin nh trng hp kim tra nh n dng trc.
Cch 2: Sau khi xc inh c chm ng no tin hnh o t, cch ly linh
kin lin qua ng xc nh linh kin li, thay th.
12. Hng dn nguyn l hot ng, cc bc sa cha thc

t 1 s li lin quan sn phm Q-Mobile:
1. Mt ngun
@ Nhim v khi ngun: iu khin vic tt m ngun; chia ngun thnh nhiu mc
ngun khc nhau v n nh ngun cung cp cho cc ti tiu th.
@ Nguyn l hot ng khi ngun:
Khi ta bt cng tc, chn PWR-ON chuyn t mc p cao xung mc p thp, khi ic
ngun hot ng v cho m ra cc in p khi ng cp cho khi iu khin bao gm :
+ VK1 ( in p khi ng 1 ) 2,8V cp cho CPU
+ VK2 - 1,8V cp cho CPU, Memory v IC m m tn
+ VK3 - 2,8V cp cho mch dao ng 26MHz
Sau khi c cp ngun, khi vi x l hot ng, CPU s trao i d liu vi Memory
ly ra phn mm iu khin cc hot ng ca my, trong c cc lnh quay li
iu khin khi ngun m ra cc in p cp cho khi thu pht song tn hiu gi l
cc in p iu khin bao gm :
+ VK1 (in p iu khin 1) Cp cho b dao ng ni VCO

+ VK2 Cp cho mch cao tn ch thu
+ VK3 Cp cho mch cao tn ch pht

@ Nguyn l hot ng khi ngun trn Q266:
- Khi lp pin vo my, in p VBAT gn 4V t pin i vo cp ngun cho 1 s chn

nh 7, 19, 26, 47 ca IC ngun( MT6305), lc ny IC ngun vn cha hot ng(do
56
cc in p nh: VCORE, VDD, VMEM vn cha xut hin), khi nhn in p Vbat
khi qun l ngun bn trong s a in p m ngun 3,2V ra ti chn 32 (PWR KEY)
ca IC ngun .
- Khi ta nhn phm m ngun, in p ti chn 32 ca ic ngun thay i trng thi t

in p cao v mc thp (gn 0V), kch hot IC ngun hot ng v to ra cc in p
cp trc( khi ng), c th:
+ in p VTXCO ra t ic ngun cp cho mch dao ng 26MHz.
+ in p VCORE ra t ic ngun cp 1,8V cho CPU.
+ in p VMEM ra t ic ngun cp 2,5 cho CPU v Flash.
+ in p VRTC ra t ic ngun cp 1,5V cho CPU.
+ in p VDD ra t ic ngun cp 2,8V cho CPU, camera, mn hnh,
- Sau khi c in p cp trc( khi ng) cp cho CPU, lc ny CPU hot ng v
a ra lnh qua khi iu khin ngun, khi ny s to lnh iu khin khi bin i
ngun hot ng to ra hai in p AVDD, VSIM cp cho IC trung tn v SIMCARD cn
gi l in p cp sau:
+ in p AVDD ra t ic ngun cp 2,8V cho CPU v IC trung tn.

+ in p VSIM ra t ic ngun cp 1,8/3V cho SIMCARD.
@Hng khc phc li my mt ngun:

Qua m my ktra s b v loi b nhng li do chn tip xc pin v cng tc
ngun th li mt ngun ta phn thnh 1 s TH sau:
57
- Chp ngun trc: My chp trc ngun l my n dng ngay khi cp

ngun t b cp ngun.Nguyn nhn l do chp 1 trong cc ng c cp
ngun thng t VBat(IC ngun,IC PA,IC K n LCD, ic chung)
Kinh nghim sa cha cho pan bnh ny:
+ Cch 1: Lp pin hoc cp ngun vo my khong 10s, v kim tra nhanh bng
cch t tay vo lng cc linh kin , linh kin no nng l linh kin b chm,
sau khi xc nh c linh kin li, tin hnh tho ri ra khi boad, kim tra, thay
th.
+ Cch 2: C lp v khoan vng tng khi, xc nh c khi no b chm,
sau khi xc nh c khi chm ta tin hnh kim tra cc t lc, linh kin trn
ng vbat cp cho ic chnh, v ic .
- Chp ngun sau: My chp sau ngun l my n dng ln sau khi n phm
ngun.Nguyn nhn l do d 1 trong 2 ng VDD v AVDD:
Kinh nghim sa cha cho Pan bnh ny l dung ng h vn nng thang
o m o ktra cc t lc ng cp VDD v AVDD.cch ny cho ta phn bit c
bn c li sinh ra bi chp ng VDD hay chp AVDD(lu l d hay trm mt
g no th tt c cc t lc g o u c hin tng chp or d ging
nhau).Sau khi phn bit c d hay chp trn g no ta tin hnh sa cha:
Cch 1: thc hin cp dng ~2v8 thng ln lkin lc ng chm v thc
hin nh trng hp kim tra nh n dng trc.
Cch 2: Sau khi xc inh c chm ng no tin hnh o t, cch ly linh
kin lin qua ng xc nh linh kin li, thay th.
- Cc TH khc: Cc TH khng do chp trc hoc sau ngun ta thc hin ktra
cc bc sau:
+ Cp ngun v bm phm ngun quan st kim dng trn ng h khng nhc
nhch g(khng n t dng no)Tin hnh kim tra : in p phm ngun, in p
vo/ra, ic ngun.
+ Cp dng n phm ngun thy my n dng 1 cht nhng khng ln ngun th

ta tin hnh chy SW cho my v ty vo thong bo t FlashTool ta c nhng phn
on cho lkin li:
o Chy SW m FlashTool khng Boot c(khng chy c vch ):Thng

do li CPUKtra v tin hnh thay th.
o Chy SW m FlashTool Boot c nhng khng chy c SW(chy ht vch
bo li):
Li NO DETECT FLASH li do IC Flash
Li RAM FAIL nhng vn nhn din c Flash Li do CPU
Li gi phm ngun mi chy c SW Li do dao ng 32Khz
58
Li v ngun l li tng th nn tng i a dng trn y l 1 s TH

thng gp,cn ty vo TH c th yu cu c nhng suy lun v nm
vng nguyn l v TD phn tch v phn on.
2. Mt sng:
@ Nhim v : Thu pht tn hiu sng
@Nguyn l hot ng mch sng:
Khi thu pht tn hiu bao gm
- RX l knh thu
- TX l knh pht tn hiu
Knh thu :
Knh thu c hai ng song song dng cho 2 bng sng
- Bng GSM 900MHz c tn s thu t 935MHz n 960MHz
- Bng DCS1800MHz c tn s thu t 1805MHz n 1880MHz
vit nam ch s dng bng GSM 900MHz v vy tm hiu v sa cha in thoi ta

ch quan tm n bng sng ny, bng DCS 1800MHz nc ngoi s dng .
Khi thu bng GSM 900MHz , tn hiu thu vo Anten i qua Chuyn mch Anten ng
vo ng GSM900MHz => i qua b lc thu lc b cc tn hiu nhiu => i qua
b khuch i nng bin tn hiu => i qua b ghp h cm to ra tn hiu cn
bng i vo IC Cao trung tn .
Mch trn tn trn tn hiu cao tn vi tn s dao ng ni to ra t b dao ng
VCO => to thnh tn hiu trung tn IF => a qua mch khuch i trung tn
khuch i ln bin ln cung cp cho mch tch sng iu pha.
Mch tch sng ly ra 2 d liu thu RXI v RXQ
->Tn hiu RXI v RXQ c a sang IC m m tn x l v tch lm hai tn hiu

:
Tn hiu thoi c a n b i D - A ly ra tn hiu m tn => khuch i

v a ra loa .
Cc tn hiu khc c a xung IC vi x l theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT
ly ra cc tin hiu bo dung chung, tin nhn ...
Knh pht
- Tn hiu thoi thu t Micro c a vo IC m m tn.

59
- Cc d liu khc ( thng qua giao tip bn phm ) a vo CPU x l v a ln IC

m m tn theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT
- IC m m tn thc hin m ho , chuyn i A - D v x l cho ra 4 tn hiu

TXIP, TXIN, TXQP, TXQN a ln IC cao trung tn .
- IC cao trung tn s tng hp cc tn hiu li sau iu ch ln sng cao tn pht .
- Dao ng ni VCO cung cp dao ng cao tn cho mch iu ch
- Mch iu ch theo nguyn l iu ch pha => to ra tn hiu cao tn trong khong

tn s t 890MHz n 915MHz => tn hiu cao tn c a qua mch ghp h cm
=> a qua mch lc pht => khuch i qua tng tin khuch i => a n IC
khuch i cng sut khuch i ri a qua b cm ng pht => qua chuyn mch
Anten => i ra Anten pht sng v trm BTS .
- IC cng sut pht c iu khin thay i cng sut pht thng qua lnh APC ra
t IC cao trung tn .
- Mt phn tn hiu pht c ly ra trn b cm ng pht => hi tip v IC cao trung

tn qua ng DET gip mch APC t ng iu chnh cng sut pht . APC (
Auto Power Control
@Hng khc phc my mt sng trn Q-Mobile:
a. Li do phn mm : chy SW(mi nht) ng vi bng in
b. Li do phn cng : bao gm li mt tn hiu thu v mt tn hiu pht
Mt tn hiu thu :
i vi 1 my tt ca a s cc model qmobile khi khng gn SIM s vn thy

hin th ct sng nhng khi my b li mt tn hiu thu th s khng thy ct sng, v
khi gn SIM v my bo Khng c dch v.
Lc ny li l do CPU, IC ngun, Trung tn, 26Mhz v linh kin nh(do h hoc

h), khng lin quan g ti Cng sut v vy vic lm cng sut ch lm mt thi
gian,hao tn LKin.
Kim tra p cp cho trung tn bao gm VBAT v VDD : nu mt Vbat (do t

mch in) v VDD b chm-g chm ln ln t nhng t in cho n cpu v trung
tn. Lu : ng Vdd b chm khng do ic ngun gy ra v vy khng g ic ngun cho
mt cng.
Kim tra xung u ra ca dao ng 26Mhz,nu sai(so vi my tt) thay

26Mhz,nu xung ging vi my tt th trung tn hoc cpu h hoc h
60
Mt tn hiu pht:
Khi c tn hiu thu m my cha c tn hiu pht th khi gn Sim vo my s

bo l Khn cp hoc c hin th tn mng nhng gi khng c,a gn my bo
pht sng(b ngun) th khng thy chp.
Kim tra ng ra anten: cc cun dy phi hp tr khng c ng s khng,

thiu t lin lc,Switch anten t,t mch in n txc hoc do h anten
Kim tra p cp cho cng sut l Vbat,nu c p Vbat th kh nng h cng

sut l rt cao.
Lu : trc khi sa phi quan st v so snh gia mainboard vi PCBA trn s

c ng khng, vic thiu st 1 linh kin nh bt k (t in,cun dy, hay in tr)
cng s gy ra hu qu l sa nt board m khng ht bnh
3. Li lin quan sc:

@Nhim v: Dng sc bin cho in thoi
@Nguyn l hot ng mch sc trn Q266:
- Ngun in DC i t b sc vo chn 2 ca cng kt ni USB qua cu ch, t lc

( hoc t rc sc) i vo chn 1 ca IC ngun (MT6305) v chn 3 ca IC sc (U401).
Cn chn mass vo chn 8 ca J302 qua L301 ni xung mass ( ch : khi L301 h
phi thay th bng cun L301 khc khng c ni tt s gy mt tn hiu ANTEN FM)
- in p sc vo (CHR IN) n chn 1 ca IC ngun qua khi iu khin sc, sau

a lnh ra chn 2 ca IC ngun v i n chn 4 ca IC sc kch hot IC sc hot
ng.
- Sau khi nhn c lnh IC sc s ly in p sc vo chn 3 (chn S ca MOSFET)

ra ti chn 5, 6 (cc D ca MOSFET) qua chn 1, 2 ra ti chn 7, 8 (cc K ca
MOSFET) ca IC sc v c chia lm 3 ng:
+ ng th nht qua in tr cm nhn dng sc R413 cp in p cho pin:
61
+ ng th hai a vo chn 4 ca IC ngun cm nhn qu trnh sc.

+ ng th ba a qua in tr RN400 a tn hiu nhn din sc n CPU.
ng ADC3 CHG(Analog-to-Digital-Converter-Charger) to ta t cu phn p R424

100K, R425 24K v VCHG a vo chn C5 CPU.
ng BSI hi tip t PIN: bao gm thng tin v dung lng PIN v nhit PIN. Nu
p VCHG ng 5V v ng BSI bo v CPU, PIN Cha y v nhit PIN trong gii
hn cho php (thng nm bng nhit mi trng 32 - 35 C), CPU xut ra tnh
hiu cho php np EINT2_CHAGER t chn P5 CPU n chn B9 IC ngun, xut ra
xung kch iu khin np v ngt xung np khi PIN y t chn E2 IC ngun n chn
62
4 ca Mosfet U403 ( xung c thi gian TON= 3s-8s, TOFF=1s ).
R413(0.4, 1/4W) lm nhim v bo dng sc vo PIN, (bng so snh chnh lch p

trn hai u R413) vo chn F2(ISENSE) IC ngun, bo v CPU qua chn
H5(ISENSE_OUT), n chn C6 CPU.
63
@C 3 kh nng my khng sc c:
o Cm sc khng bo g : ta dng ng h o in p u vo ng sc
xem c in p khng?nu khng c ta thay TX sc thng th trng
hp ny thay TX sc l ht li
o Cm sc c bo sc nhng khng c dng sc:ta kim tra ng BSI
xem c tt khng,sau kim tra linh kin bo v ng sc,ic sc,ic
ngun va IC cpu
o Cm sc c dng nhng bo li, u tin chy lai sw sau do kim tra TX
sc xem c tt khng? kim tra linh kin ng BSI, linh kin ng
sc , ic sc, ic ngun v cui cng cpu.
4.My khng nhn sim card.
-VSIM: in p cp cho SIMCARD.

-SIMCLK (SIM Clock): Tn hiu xung clock cp cho SIMCARD.
-SIMRST (SIM Reset): Tn hiu Reset cp cho SIMCARD thit lp hot ng cho
SIMCARD.
-SIMIO (SIM Input/Output): ng d liu xut, nhp giao tip gia SIMCARD vi
IC ngun.
@Nguyn l Hot ng mch simcard:
- Khi my hot ng CPU s a lnh iu khin qua khi giao tip SIMCARD bn
trong IC ngun.
- Sau khi IC ngun nhn c lnh iu khin t CPU s a in p VSIM ra ti
chn 8 qua t lc cp vo chn VSIM, VPP ca tip xc SIMCARD, ng thi a
tn hiu Reset v xung clock ra ti chn 15, 16 ca IC ngun cp cho SIMCARD.
- SIMCARD nhn c tn hiu cung cp, xung clock, tn hiu Reset s thc hin
xut d liu giao tip vi IC ngun v CPU.
@ Hng khc phc khi my khng nhn simcard:

64
o V sinh cc tip xc sim

o o tng tr cc chn sim, nu mt tng tr th ni mch in theo s
o o chm cc chn sim, nu chm chn no th g chm t theo ng
o Nu cc sim bnh thng th kim tra in p Vbat,VDD cp cho IC Sim.
o Nu p y th tin hnh hn li ic sc, ic ngun hoc thay th.
Lu : o Vsim- ng h thang o V(thang o in p 1 chiu) o chn Vsim(nu

my khng lp Sim Vsim ch o c cp khong 1s detect sim ngay khi khi ng
my)
5. Khng n bn phm:
@Nguyn l hot ng mch n bn phm:
65
- in p VBAT 4V t pin a qua hai t lc chia thnh nhiu ng cp in ti cc

chn dng ca LED bn phm.
- Khi my thu tn hiu hoc c tc ng lnh phm n, khi CPU a lnh m ngun
n chn 36 ca IC ngun, IC ngun x l v sau IC ngun s iu khin chn 41
v mc thp (gn 2V), lc ny dng in s chy qua cc LED bn phm, lm LED bn
phm sng ln.
@ Nh vy th khi mt tt c n led th vn ca my l : kim tra n led, IC

ngun, v CPU
66
6. My khng rung:
@Nguyn l hot ng mch rung:
- Khi CPU pht lnh trn chn L16 v i n chn 34 ca ic ngun.
- IC ngun nhn c lnh t CPU, x l v pht ra dng trn chn 38 cp dng cho
motor quay(vib-)
- Ch thng t chn 38 n motor c qua 1 in tr(6.8 om)
- Chn cn li ca motor ni thng vi cc dng ca pin ( Vbatt)
@Nh vy nu mt rung cn kim tra ln lt: Rung, tng tr tip xc rung, linh
kin lin qua ng rung, IC ngun, CPU.
7. Mt micro:
@Nguyn l hot ng mch micro:
- Tn hiu thoi ly vo t micro qua 1 b lc, ri qua 2 t lin lc (100mF) ri i thng

vo CPU chn C9 v B9
- Cn ch chn C10 v D10 ca CPU , c 1 s model 2 chn ny qua 2 con in tr
1,5 k m v n 1 t lc -> Lm nhim v lc nhiu cho Micro
67
@Hng khc phc my mt micro:
o Kim tra Model c chc nng chuyn ging ni khng-> tt hoc sw

o Kim tra micro xem c tt khng?( mic tt khong 1,2k ohm)
o Kim tra tng tr ti im tip xc micro trn boad mch
o Kim tra linh kin ( t, tr,) lin quan trn ng micro xem c h hay khng
ng ch s khng, nu h/sai thay ng ch s
o Nu cc bc trn u tt, tin hnh hn li cpu, hoc thay th cpu mi.
68
8. Khng nhn th nh(MMC)

@Nguyn l hot ng mch th nh:
- Cc chn 1,2,3,5,7,8 ca tip xc th nh i vo cc chn L16, L17, M13, K17, L14,

L15 ca cpu.
- Chn cp ngun cho th nh l chn s 4 ca th nh, ni vi ngun VDD, lu
chn ny c 1 t lc c300
- Chn 6 ni vi MASS
- Cc chn 9,10,11,12 ca th nh u ni mass
@ Hng khc phc my khng nhn th nh :
o V sinh th nh, tip xc th nh
o Kim tra th nh
o Kim tra tng tr cc chn trn th nh
o Kim tra T lc, t, .. lin quan trn cc chn ca th nh
o Kim tra p cp vdd cp cho th nh
o Nu tt c y , th hn hoc thay th CPU.
69
9. Mt chung:
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch chung trong in thoi Qmobile.
Nhim v: Nhn tn hiu m tn c bin nh t cpu khuch i c bin ln

pht ra loa chung.
IC chung l mch ic tch hp gm 2 OPAMP lm nhim v khuch i tn hiu m tn

t cpu. Theo h s oc quy nh bi 2 in tr Ri v Ro theo cng thc Av =Vo.
(Ro/Ri).
@Phn tch mch khi hot ng ch pht nhc, pht video.:
Khi nhn lnh pht nhc t bn phm cpu s nhn lnh m tp tin nhc t th nh hoc
b nh my theo chng trnh c thit lp, chong trnh nhc t th hoc b nh
my qua mch chuyn i D-A trong cpu a ra tnh hiu m tn hai knh c bin
nh l MP3_UOTL v MP3_UOTR, ng thi cpu xut ra lnh GPI032_OP_EN ( t 0-
1 ) cho php IC chung hot ng.
@Phn tch mch khi hot ng ch thoi:
Khi my nhn tnh hiu t trm pht BTS a ti my thng qua ANTEN lc thu
IC trung tng CPU theo hai ng IDAT v QDAT ly ra tnh hiu bo chung, tin
nhn, cpu truy xut ra nhc chung, tin nhn theo chng trnh c ci t trn my
70
xut ra IC chung theo hai ng MP3_UOTL v MP3_UOTR ng thi cpu xut ra

lnh GPI032_OP_EN ( t 0-1 ) cho php IC chung hot ng.
@Phn tch mch trn Qmobile thc t ( Q266 ).
Khi nhn tn hiu m tn t cpu 6225 cp cho IC chung theo theo hai ng _UOTL
qua chn A12 n t C221 n IC chung U202, ic chung U202 c h s khuch i
p c quy nh bi hai in tr R242 v R262 theo cng thc Vout = Vin.
(R246/R462)= Vin.(100/24).
Vi Vin l tn hiu m tn t CPU xut ra.( VPP)
v MP3_UOTR qua chn A11 n t C233 n ic chung U201, cp cho loa chung.
Nhim v cc linh kin trong mch chung.
Phn tch trn U201:
VBAT cp cho U201 qua chn 6, hai t C218 4.7u/6.3V lc ngun VBAT v C238 33p
lc nhiu cao tn cho U201.
C217 1u BYBASS lc in th ng vo (+) v to hi tip xoay chiu cho mch

chung.
Chn 5 chn cho php hot ng U201 c i khin trc tip t chn J1 CPU
GPI032_OP_EN (mc 1 (2.8v) cho php IC chung hot ng, mc 0 (0v) kho khng
cho IC chung hot ng).
C226 12p, C251 12p, C252 33p, C253 33p ni mch tn hiu cao tn ng ra.
T212, T213 diot bo v chng tng p tc thi ng ra.
B210, B211 cun dy phi hp tr khng ng ra mch chung.
@Cc bc sa cha mch chung.
1. o tng tr VBAT. ng h kim que en ln VBAT, que xung mass th tng

tr khong 100K.
2. o p VBATT cp cho ic chung ( o tren hai t C218 v C238 ).
3. o tr khng ng ra v o hai cun dy B210, B211( tr khng ng ra rt ln
khong 100k, nu thp hn 100k kim tra cc linh kin T212, T213 thng hay
chm, g b hoc thay th, C226, C251. C522, C253.
4. M ngun test sng bng OSCILLOSCOPE. Vo m test my chn test loa o
dng sng ng vo trn t C233, ng ra trn B210, B211.
Dng sng.
71
72
Nguyn l hot ng mch chung:
@Hng khc phc my li lin quan chung:
- Ktra chung nu li thay l okie.nu chung khng li th ta ktra tip bc sau:

- Kim tra xem my c hin th tai nghe khng
- Ktra ni tr 2 ng tn hiu chung xem c g bt thng khng nu c th x l
- Kim tra p cp cho ic chung
- Nu khng c g bt thng ta tin hnh hn li ic chung/CPU
- Thay IC chung hoc CPU
73
10. Mch loa:

@Nguyn l hot ng ca mch loa trong in thoi Qmobile.
Nhim v: cp tn hiu m tn ln cho loa nghe trong thi gian thoi.
Nguyn l hot ng trong ch thoi: khi nhn tn hiu cao tn t trm pht BTS a
n thng qua ANTEN lc thuIC trung tn a n mch tch sng l ra hai tn
hiu thu l RXI v RXQ, a sang mch gii m m tn x l v tch ly ra tn hiu
thoi cp cho mch bin i D-A khuch i ln a ra loa nghe.
Phn tch trn Q266 thc t:
Khi tn hiu cao tn t trm pht BTS a n ANTEN, qua gii iu ch v tch sng
t trung tn a n cpu 6225 qua mch chuyn i D-A, Tn hiu m tn c
khuch i ln t cpu a ra qua hai chn l A10 ( RECN ), B10 ( RECP ) a n
loa nghe.
Nhim v ca tng linh kin trong mch loa nghe.
C260, C262, C263, C264 t lc nhiu cao tn v phi hp tr khng ng ra mch loa.
B212, B213 phi hp tng tr ng ra.
T214, T215 diot bo v chng tng p ng ra tc thi.
C110 in p hai u tham chiu.
74
Cc bc sa cha trn thc t.
o tr khng ng ra (que en ln B212 v B213, que mass ). My tt tng tr ng

ra rt ln khong 100k, nh hn 100k th mch b chm do cc linh kin gy ra (T214,
T215 thng chm ), C260,C262, C263, C264, khng c tgn tr do t mch in hoc
t B212, B213.
o dng sng ng ra bng OSCILLOSCOPE. Vo m test my chn test loa o dng

sng ng vo trn B212, B213.
Dng sng.
75
11. Hin thi tai nghe:

Nhng my c tip xc tai nghe jack trn( 3.5mm)
Nguyn l hot ng nh sau:
76
My bnh thng cha c cm tai nghe. jack tai nghe c cng tc thng ng ti
chn 1, 2. in p t VDD 2.8V qua in tr R303 100K kt hp vi R321 4.7K ti
chn 1 thnh cu phn p c in p cp cho ng EINT0 ACC DET l Vo=VDD.(4.7/
(4.7+100)) =2.8.(4.7/(4.7+100))=0.06V . qua R308 1K a n chn F24 ca CPU
6225. My bo l tai nghe cha c cm.
Khi cm tai nghe, cng tc thng ng ti chn 1,2 h ra. in p VDD 2.8V qua in
tr R303 100k, qua R308 1K cp cho chn F24 ca CPU 6225 mt mc in p l
2.8V(ng EINT0 ACC DET ). My bo l tai nghe c cm.
Sa cha trn thc t:
i vi jack tai nghe trn c cng tc thng ng th thng hay d tip ch tip im
thng ng nn.
Cch kim tra:
Dng ng ho o VOM ang o in tr kim tra tip tip im thng ng ny,

nu cn tt th o tr khng gia chn 1, 2 l 0, khng c tr khng hoc tr khng
ln th tip xc tai nghe nh thay th mi.
Bt ngun o in p ti chn 2 hoc R308: 0V l cha cm tai nghe, 2.8V l tai nghe
c cm. nu cha cm tai nghe m in p ti chn 2 l 2.8V l h jack tai nghe
thay th mi.
77
Trng hp mt p 2.8V trn ng EINT0 ACC DET : kim tra R303 100K , tho
T317, R308 1K .
Trng hp khng cm tai nghe m p trn ng EINT0 ACC DET l 2.8V (kim tra
tip xc tai nghe bnh thng) kim tra B301, R321 4.7K.
Ch khi thay tip xc tai nghe c jack trn, khi hn ch ti chn 1 v 2 cn cn thn
hn t ch v khng cho ch qu nhiu vo trong s gy d tip im thng ng gy
h tip xc tai nghe.
Tip xc tai nghe c jack cm USB.
78
i vi jack cm tai nghe USB th khng c cng tc, m s dng tr khng ca cun
dy loa phi lm gim p trn ng EINTO_HEADSET.
Ngun l hot ng nh sau: khi my cha c cm tai nghe th CPU 6225 xut ra ti
chn T5 c mc in p l 2.8V qua ng EINTO_HEADSET n R106 R329
D300 B301 n chn 7 (XMP3-IOR). My hiu l tai nghe cha c cm. nu c
tn hiu thoi, nhc my chuyn ra loa, chung ngoi bnh thng
Khi cm tai c cm vo th tr khng ca cun dy loa lm cho in p 2.8V ti chn

5 ca CPU tut xung gn bng 0V. my bo tai nghe c cm. lc ny my chuyn
nhng nhng tn hiu thoi, nhc qua ng tai nghe.
Sa cha trn thc t:
Khi my cha cm tai nghe th in p ti chn 7 ca tip xc tai nghe hoc B301 c p
l 2.8V, nu > 2.8V kim tra cc linh kin sau: tip xc tai nghe, T315, C307, C315,
D300, R329, R106, CPU 6225.
12. Treo my, lit phm

@Nguyn l hot ng mch phm:
@Hng khc phc li li lit phm:
end
79

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Ti liu Training Level2 Lu hnh ni b

1. Hng dn s dng vi tnh:

1. Hng dn s dng vi tnh, xman, email lin quan cng vic

1.2.Hng dn s dng xman:

1.3.Hng dn s dng email:

- nh dng ca 1 email quy chun:

Tuy nhin, trong mt s trng hp th c th b qua 1 vi quy tc vic trao i

2. Hng dn vic chy phn mm, write tt c sn phm Q-

2.1.1.Thit lp ci t driver cho cable (PL-2303 Driver Installer.exe)

2.1.2.Sau khi ci t hon tt, khi ng li my vi tnh.

2.1.3.Cm cp vo my v vo Computer management, kim tra li driver ci t

2.2 Hng dn chy phn mm Q Mobile:

2.2.5. Chn Download Agent v chn MTK_AllInOne_DA.bin

2.2.6. Chn file sw tng ng vi model my cn chy:

b. Bm ROM v chn file software np(*.bin)

2.2.7.Kt ni cp download cable vi in thoi. Sau chn Download . Tip

2.2.8. Sau khi hon thnh chng trnh thng bo success.

2.3. Write ime Q-Mobile:

Sau khi thnh cng s bo:Write Success

3. Hng dn s khc nhau trn cc model s dng ng thi

CPU 6226BA FlashTool_v3.09 Q270v01.01b08.bin

R1.0.15.2 ime( bng in mi)( s dng

4. Hng dn phin bn sw sa li trn 1 s model Q mobile:

ME115 - Khng xem c video dng MP3 V00.05

F363 - li tin nhn gi i hoc nhn k hin tn V4.01

M46 - Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V11

SUN - Vit tin nhn khng c ting Trung V7

- Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V7

- S dng 3G gi ti tt mn hnh, rung, khi ng li( va chm nh

M20 - Gi tn trong danh b nhy sai s khc V2.09

M75 - Opera thnh thong treo my 20110707( V1.F7)

- Khng xem c mobiltivi/YOUTUBE

- Sai tn trong ci t ngy gi

- Khng tt c m chm ca cm ng V14( Bng in c)

- Vo JAVA\java bo v\n nrusted treo my

KIM - S dng sim mng BEELINE gi 900 khi ng ngun V17

Q267 - S dng sim mng BEELINE gi 900 khi ng ngun V2.05

PCBA 1( Sim Vietnamobi khng gi c) Chy v6 Ha c ra

5. Hng dn s dng tool: ng h o, Kh hn:

a. Gii thiu v ng h vn nng ( VOM)

ng h vn nng ( VOM ) l thit b o khng th thiu c vi bt k mt k thut

b. Hng dn o in p xoay chiu( AC)

V d: nu o in p AC220V ta thang AC 250V, nu ta thang thp hn in p

V d : nu o p DC 110V ta thang DC 250V, trng hp thang o thp hn in

snh vi mt t mi c cng in dung.

6. Hng dn s dng ng h Digital( s)

ng h s Digital c mt s u im so vi ng h c kh, l chnh xc cao

bng mch in t ln hay hng, kh nhn kt qu trong trng hp cn o nhanh,

- o in p mt chiu DC( hoc xoay chiu - AC)

que ng h vo l cm V mA que en vo l cm COM

Bm nt DC/AC chn thang o l DC nu o p mt chiu hoc AC nu o

Xoay chuyn mch v v tr V hy thang o cao nht nu cha bit r in

t thang o vo in p cn o v c gi tr trn mn hnh LCD ca ng h.

Nu t ngc que o(vi in mt chiu) ng h s bo gi tr m (-)

Chuyn que ng h v thang mA nu o dng nh, hoc 20A nu o dng

Xoay chuyn mch v v tr A

Bm nt DC/AC chn o dng mt chiu DC hay xoay chiu AC

t que o ni tip vi mch cn o

c gi tr hin th trn mn hnh.

Xoay chuyn mch v v tr o , nu cha bit gi tr in tr th chn thang

t que o vo hai u in tr.

Chc nng o in tr cn c th o s thng mch, gi s o mt on dy

Xoay chuyn mch v v tr FREQ hoc Hz

o Logic l o vo cc mch s ( Digital) hoc o cc chn lnh ca vi x l, o