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) V\oorq c-tt cuit q9\ \ tv\oo\a v.o&el


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ri

Lr0 t\eo.\1 irxcu\t


\ . t \oo\ e !'rrkrqrfrt : -

(1s\ooxe irttrr\t otP Aepends on\1 o\1 \e- Pra\qh\


stG\e- o-( F F's '
(ittlp cho'snQes doesrn't e-( qcl -t\^e- o(P .

tiil) $ xentf,,res W\OYQ \0. oR Sto\es (of tm p(tme


-trrt\u.q 4rrtr ttrg\n tr:b.icln
e
rS tunt 1qqnqr111ed tlSi
q

Meq\q circutt
L\
o/es J
11t;{ tt _J
jit,- B,D' o v\oo\e c-\rtrfrt il I

E r_lf \$ .

J
\J _

,rb.r,->r(e
(
f-It--t 'p3,
\^,-, JJH
\c4:;"
,GD,
H5-:'ore +
=
Sq-
=: !
Lxorrrnqre
- '\ Stqte dro.g -Fov
TC)\ moo\e
\y\ULr\y ,lftLr.^it +
c-if L\dtt,
I
er{
A. Uqq\.-r cift.r.tt:- J
-vwCI- P\ca (eft Rtote j
ri) tne otp depen&s osl tcot\
oe -{\re- trtr's o-rnd o\f\ \\^a- i(P'S J
o(p o'f -Fl^q ckt'
tii) ste c\ro'rqeA
--'\-' u e-P.Pe cn tvre
v\r.\o.t *l
regrxt.ve1 ,-^^
tess .^A p,f StGtes
v1o " o
-esx
e*rrtec *sx J
l,i\) tt
-,,nnPtetne-n\ -t\,'e -kr.nc$srn u>\n',,cl.n iS \wrp\eMt.t.'j
u.s\rnq V\oeire elrtutt
il
o /e\
J

s\q :^ R.u. o( t te\ erf rrfrt

x-> D,
r(F
Y-+ o/P.

s\q ,^
--:(\ " Exou,np\e oe rneo.\ c\\qLrit
%
-

qa*.^g\e
sit -'- sto.Iq &ioq
- 4or tvfea\X CrSC_Ur\

Sl=ps Qx $e uSqs g+ -4. S\rchNus co()

SeOr.lqrntrq\
*---Jr--
asss\\'--
s{e1: I '" obtdtr *tv\q Stc$e tubl.q \\^o trve,\^
'Ffst\o

c-trtrt.\t i"n(oxrtY\elS\A\A Sr-r'c-\lr o"{ S\u\e &oq fR\An


S{ep e- ' RedLLce- vtb' s S.lcq-teA i.e possib(e- log

stqte. re-&uc\igrn lechvr\guQ'


qo.c-l-rr S\ete
-S'tep 3 : ASS^\Rn binort vq\ueS, to irA

\nq Sto.te to-h(.e


itep q I Dgp\tr/tr\e \\s- vro, oQ- trtrs Vre*e-d.qc( otrd
c\r.eosq \.\,71o- \te*' o( trtr 10 \oe \rSqd
SteP 5' Frotn -t\Na- StcJte to-\otq dqr\vq 'tv\e ctrqu\
qxtto.xs\ + o(P tqb\qs '
StePG: Us\\ \e*Verp, Des\\q -t\^Q- c.$erf\\ o(p s.rn*iovrsil
Gvrd -t\ne FF t (e 4u'tnct\gvrs '

step+' DYa\$ *\\ne- \.Ri. diaXtoxn


',{p + to(F -tv\oJt ckt
A sequexr*ioJ circtrt'r hG!, r
-9'-
S*c*e AiaXtwn ts shPtov'r Lrq(oq> besi qvr \t\a
Se2uenl'o{ .

c\rtui\ uuitrn b*Ftr"


\/o

6)--
-/\
N
g- S.t gJ' S\qtq &toq'cuTvr
fhe- gtven gtc\te- Aloqrronr \nqS 4 srq*Q{
uttV ovrq. i (f ou,,r,.A ov\a ole co.nSi &er\,rq x -+ i/e
Y --+ orP
Nqxt Stqt_ o1p (v)
Presqvrt sto.te_ x=o X=l
Qa*r Qun, Qa*, Qe*,
X=-o X:l
Qa Qe,
v
r\
o
o oo ro
OO
o
o
v
I -I
J
JJ
I t O

I b t 0 ol I o
OO lo o
J
I I

: .SLat-
{_beg-*?_r ot\
SbaLe Reduction
Qe aod sbate
aod sbate Assiga mPYt
*t\qte btn arr v o.Iutr as e o\rea&6 ossghed
1 J
to Stqtes
avr& it ts v\o t possib[e {o Yqdtrce *l
\No. oF Stq\e.s bscaU\a no f^ro pfQsqVrt &iqies,
+
ute-xt srotes o.,.,.,d o(p's a\q Sqwe
:1
Dqtq\$n"N\a- r\o" o+ FF'\ 5ogtrired
SSpa'
Dq\s\$N\\Nq v\o, o( FF's tequ.\red .^*i^q q?.,

2_
h ZNI \.\ *) nb. o( FF's .

t-I *) \^o, o( StaSeCI


t\a4
.'. f\:2
Ftr's --+ z
teAr-rr\red
trFs u-s\wq -+ D F"Fs

s+ept: e x?to.Xe\,.r tq\st.q

NaKt stCIs.a
Q nt r Qe+r

o o o O C) olo
o O I
I o
o I
o I I tt ,o ('.. o - ss
o eX\.(o.JrG\^ tat{(a
O I I O OO o
I o o I o to ,
,l
I b I o I
OI o -
I I o o oc) I l

I I I t 1O o )

step 5 : K- ttup s\x.np(i(i <51lt\SVt .

! t{ -\^clp S\srnp[\t\co+\sM 4ox FF i (g (utrr,cNsrrs + sQ-?u elvtia


Si\{aj
I
i.rc.rr.tt otp +u.n(\Stn .

el---ea Io\__DR
Fo\ y

eNq^ o\ \r rO

"'ff O
)
E
noo Dq = Qo$QnO X .'" DB- Q69ux +Qn%K Y 0}.
= Qn$ux + Qa
srqP 6. [oqic dreX,cosn
Osqi qn4i cJ
il
J
JJ
E
Qe
x
Qq
x
il
tr
t,. Loqtc- diuqrurnn o yqaq\1r
geXuerUial

S,
c_if qu=,t .Sor tluen
Sto*e c[i5ruu,r .
J
. \an\\
^Jt9E?
2?'
Q : Re-o-\i1q t1^re Se-auQrn tra! circuit 4ox \^o S\*t< d,iograwr T
Shoc'rn
J
j
Be\rcto ,

Grive-n Sto.re dio1.


OtnQ- t{p , ov\e o{p .
hoS J
J
c-re\n\sidq\t\ x *--) i{p
Y _> orP
-l
-l
J
&ft: stc*e to-h@-
J
P'tesqnt Stq*a

0
Next Sta.tq
X=o X: I
orr_*put
v J
*l
b b o
s.l
b
C
C

a
C

a
O

l
J
il
*SP_g: Stcrr Rec!.trCl.t Svr

'th'ere fS \^D PossihititY o( Sto*e


Rqductigv)
qfQ- SaY!\o
S\v.rce r\o tueo gt cl:tQ\ , Niqxt S\ateg + olp's '

SSp 3 : N-\o ' o( Ftr's Required


Detqxon\rrre- Y\o' oF eels reauited utr\v$ qT .

z. I si n -> vro . o( Fe'S


N\ -.> vr.o, cr ( stcl*-Q!

,.\z 3
.' . n:2

ir e'. requi xed = )-


u.s\uq <) T
LI-'-
s_lsg-k: Sto.te Assiqrrwrevt

A ssiqn B\nG\U vu\ue-s Stg.*e!

O.=DO , b:Ol , Cl tO

:JS!s: Ex ltqt\e\ tobte


P leSQY\t Stote- S(ext Sbta
QR*r Qe.t r

oo ol OI
oo '"' t-
ol ol GF
exttose,ohd4
ot lo ll
o) to !l Qn Q*
o o/o
T
lg to oo ol /r
lcr oCI to ( o
I [s Urruled $cr.te . '"o T(e6q *{V\a*
r1/olr
Stqtq t StcLtQ
q.S d,rrit (aye
StepG: K- vrcr.p s\ nnp[i(i co-tieq .

K*\^o.p sivrnp\firqtienrn oV FF'* t1p 4uneligy\( qvrd


l..
l'L seXu.evttl.o! eircu.tt o [p 4ult Cd\g^4 .

l_
l_
-h
&r-r^
qA
CI
gx-

I
Fov

I
TB

-ll
x/x
D
4ox v

*" Y:Qn
t: Ta=qAx+QB Ts= 6a
Stqp6: L-oq\C b\AGQAM c
y ("1e)
il
$
$gl- Lontc Aio.ryurnn o M<:c>rQ seauel^rtroJ ctct-
fur g"rven Sto.js d-,ioXtu-r,rrr ,

il
q...
-\)
DQSiET\ o. ctocro-d se-?u'qntio'0 c.rruit {o r stq*e
J
dioqXc^vr' SVtot'sn Lqlow '

T
So,t'-.
. Gt?veur s\o$.e
-\) diqg.
o

IJ
h*l 5 srqh"es u:\*\ q

ovr.a tle and ovro- o{p.

CowtiQeXtr,rq ,

X --+
Y --5 olP
ite
'
-l
.-l
J
-<tR!-t
"
PYQSq\Nt
stota ts\atq
gtcr.-ts- t.\QKt St+te
X=O x=
-lp Cv )
N-:O X -- I
JJ
*l
1

q bc_ o c
b dEc o e-I
J
I

,,/ ,l c d O T
J
C-

d O
x.{ "
il
:l
c)
a + q- Sto'\"S Nleet- stqtQs o-,r',d. o(p's qre saune .

f^\q co,\0\ Cqn (gl eit\ef c@\)Q Stete" ?( Q is


Co-rn cq\\ed t[o,r.,r rQP(oca e-
ruitV C.

Rq&uced StG\e tcrL\e

prcse$\ gtc\Q N\qK\ gtcte o[p (v)


X:o K:t x:o A:l
q b C oo
b d. C (o
C d
d o. d oo
Step > r De\q\w\\\AO- \nO' o( trs'S roqtr-\fed "

v\o . o Cs reXuited to
s cte st grn se?' e\<t <:o'l^ be
&e\q\wr^\\^od to X \\^o Q-a' ,

>\ > N V\+ !1o" o( trF\


Nt*) Yto' o+ StatQJ"
Zn > 4
C A4tet stc,,.\e rectuc*ivr 51= \ )
J
n:2_
v\o . o( e Cs regurr.red : Z
trtr\ rl\\\+ D..trtr's
sjsg*3 : St cr*\a Ass iqvrwrQ[t

A lS\tr) t<\vrcx\\ Vq-Q-ttl--l rc g\ct-tQ{

q=OO , lo=C)i ,
c=\o . d=(t
Exttc*\qn 'tubLu
:tse\
(&- P-uo ce-)+re -e &.'rr

E ptre.r iou s
g-"ule-)

l: SLeP 5 - .>nGf gt'-di{iccl.ti on :t


: k I
;l
;l

l-
I

t,

ttn!_6 : c
l- log\ d;a3ra'n

l_
t:
c\orwec$ se?. circL\',.t o\ gt;
s DesiRf\ d-iaXrcrun

Shc,ton b,q[oc-,o'

So.Q'.-
-=,,: t\e- tivam s\o.-te cL"oq.

'Vrqg + bq\es qlr'tfn one.


I
A
"/-\"-d"
i(P 4 ov\e o(tr ,

ce\AS\&e't\u.q X *+ i[e
I Y -) o(e. C}
Vo

St?(l Sta._\e lo.toh

I P\ase\h sr(].-\Q NqKt Srqte o(p (v)


Xto xst X:o K: I

rr
q c*b ;:;
b dc. oo
g
C .Xe- d rt
d
ve- 4 o- O
+ .ye + 1O
XX -$ o. Ot

e-( t Sto.teS N\a(t Sto,-tse,s qvrd o [P's afe \quvre .

.', \,\-\e Cqn c-qr^ceJ eit\\e\ Q- er\ t StosQ r 's' ?s

cunce\\ed -{^a\ rep(o.cq t u:itrn g.

re&uced S{cLre tGIa U

P\QSESt StG\Q NQXt Stq*e o{p(v)


K:O x:l x=o Xl I

q o
b o
C- ,

a
e_

.4'
d. a\\d ( s\o&e\ N-\qK\ st che\ qvrd o (P's c\Ye lernia J
CG\C\ cqvrqql ei\ef A Qr\ + Stote' t( {' is
-u^.tq
'( (l
b\\\^
ilJ
cl
csnrq\\ed \\^or.^ \eP\o-te
&iwo.-\ redLtced Stcr*e totoLq

J
PTQSq\rt

q
g\e\tQ b-\aK\ g1*tQ
Ks-o X\l
L
o[p (v)
x:o k:l
c>O I
b
e
d
Q-

Q_
C

d
d
OO

1o
ol
tJJ
d a
J
|<._

s3sg.:z I

s Q-' ,\ >s
rrr= 3
)
JJ
, FF's usiuq *-, b FF's .

SSgl : S\o.re Ast iqulw\Q.^ 1

Ass\qrn ki\^q\\ Vql^^o_r

CsOtO,
to Stetes

t\ , q: \CIo
ilJ
O.- OOO , b=C)r5r , =o
JJ
o-0.

t1;>t , tr D , \\ \ o.YQ L\\Lr\ec$ S'to.te\


.". \qorh *\\or A q.-\ Aoq't Cqyeg JJ
li"er {ox tot , i\o , \[ I stGte. , l.-\Qtt sto$es a^"c/ J
i IP o.,nd o lp's a.\e do rr't cqY-Q{ Je-t
6WP +': Ercitettior t*b\e-
Ske I 5 : K'^ .rno-P sr tn?\ ih caF, ozr
JJ
sJ"?_j : Logic- Si o3r^\"/r
:l
\-O$
^6\\y r- obtG"\f) t\rrs reducqd StCI.te lq\rsle cr,.-,,.d teducod .S\o{q
'Za.v
cr Se-autent-\o\ cKt uolnose Sto\e c[iogvowy
cLioqsurlo ox

g\AOLO\ \,,sq\OtO.

*-So"0
l-
t\e qtve sto.le Aio,qrc,.wr
hq9 ? S\q\es, nr\e i(p 4 roh,
(e Ng l&qv\rxq
u'*-->rre Ii
tl
ri
t'
i

Step t ' sto:hu tobLq .1,

P\eSe_\L\ Stcte siert Sto.$e


x =o xs-l XsO X:l
q qb o o
b cd o O
e o.d o O
d e+ o I
/q
+
xe- +
xx
e-+ \ Stote\ N\q1\ Bt-qtQS q\ d o[p's u\e SqW

"" L{Q CqYr co.vrte-[ qlrrVe\ a (e\\ t s\qtQ . f". t o


(s

Cq\ce\\qd *\snr YeP\a\cq t t-r:'r.p. Q,

re-sl.urced stc\e to.b[e

f Cesqy\\ Stcr.te Ne(t Etau\e_


X=o X= t

q C\
OO
b C.
OC)
e G. oo
-,/ d e
e a
x+
cl + 1- Stqteg N\aK\ sra\qE o-vrd otp S o.(e &e\,\Aa
;.-fI
\,^\q cq\ qU$lQQl e-it\lrq\ .!. Qo\) + Stqte te .' ts I
-cl,.t 'l
t!
c-a\QQ[\ec0 *\\q\ Yeploce "( trrit\
t\
ervrcr$ xe&r-lc-ed -.l
i-l
S\CLIQ tC\hQ

P(QSq\N\ gta.le t.-\qX\ (tcr.\e


Xto Xtl

.c\ .\
C)O
oo
OO
i
=-l
--J
Q- d. ol =-l
o\ -J
=i
J
Reduced stq\e dioqro.r\N^ :
J
-J
J
=J
-J

&.
? bsvive *tkq tvcxrn\i t-t e\^ tqbh , State+ Se-1q
"\alo(a
"-l
I
n r J
Seauent\a! c-i6tutt 6fvenn 6e lo,.r..]
dicr.qfc.rln {*rx *\N[ Moore

J
F- J
J
J
-I
J
J
:l
{o.['.
1:
Ste-p t : oerqvrNn\rnq\1^q trF t(e Egr'S S *1^a ..(p e?.s
o$ sq?u.e-\\\G! cirqtttt , trre\\n -t\^g ohove seg. cKt,

FF itp e?rs Sqq, siret\it o(e


SA=Qe F : en@ee
K4 = XQe
sB=k
t<s = Qa@X

Stepz '. bq\\Ue -t\r\q t\uVrsit\Snn e9''S '


r\ne *\urnsit\eN\ qq,.s 4ot 'sK eCs <a\n' be-

&qx\seS 4ve,r11 {,1,..tr c-\rqrCo.e}ef


,I
sc eg:, o :rK trF '
;
t c-lnox. e-g. oS $R F[e Qntr= TQ .r,t K
:;1
9^*, = TnQn + ?.a Qa

A(ter srrtsstfrs.r{\q 56 +'' KA q?yis ,

Above- Q+\\ be cowps ,

Ater srr.\ost*u.$ufl Te ( Kq qYi5,


Aboue Q+\4. LQCo\0AQS r

S(EP B: rT{CLrnSitrg1n lo-h [O-


--
, P\eSa\ftt stqte X=o \ K=l
OL\\ Pt R
9R** QBn,,,
F

OO ol oo O
DI tl 1O 1

o l0 1l IO
t,
'o o {1"
a
E
s5s!5: srq\e tq\atlL sl{
(ornq\&et\q e:oo, b=6r, c=\o, &=_q :l
aJ
P\esq\n\ gto.tq

C\
l{qx\ S\a.\e
x=o x:
lsq
I
ofe ( e)

o
IJ
6 dc J
C
dc.
1

I
J
$S! 5:
d

stG\e &ic._qxowr
o.d o

x:r
I
J

.rB\=" J
-.CQ.-o=n-h C
\tr6=y* .{
Lf+
==

.{

a;I..
r
qA
^ ii) 4
d
L{ l:" es, (o\) Atr,)__(_":di I ;;;tl_T:d
Q. :' A sq?uevrtlo.-g cfvcr-..'t
Seyuavrtlo.-g c-fvcl..'t c^rittn
.^rittr tr,Jo uD - sek r> Fl
Fplr A ,(4 s d
o"^d ile x q ole y . ?s speutied tog -t uq
i
{ottorntq N\ert gt ute. o.ud o lp e2uc.-tigMs J
Act*t) - Ax + Bx
BCI+D: A'x v * r.r ^\.,r
; y=(A+e).x' Is
ti) Dfoto -t\^q toq?c &ic^gf cr.urn o + -flAo cKt
4 -+tAo *l
Li) Dqyrve cr. ' GI
stc.-te tq.b
bqrwe *\rrL
*"" ste]-\a ci\xc^litn
: I
SoQ ti) (o$c di\rawr
A
x
B
x
{or D-Ftr,

De
=A (t+x)
A Ds = BCt.rD .

B
T
r\i1 Stc'1e lcrts\e_

P\asq\n\ stqte ole (v


AR A[tr\ $Ctttr AGID R(tt$ X=o xrl
o o OO D O o
o I oo I I 1 o
I o oo I O I o
I
oO t o o

cons\ d.eriq 91=oO, b=o!


ti\) Stqte dio-qtqwl
\\ c: to , d.=tl

X:o x: \

o. qb oo
b qd to
C qC lo
d aC lo
Qt)
co\Astd.an\\ o.=oO [o
=ot , c: lcl t d.: r r

!
a
I
o.\a U\\1.)qrrtqd
-+ l-\o.eqrd.S a\a sulitctn\\
u''ruoqrrte-d Su:ttc_W,\ qn\s
t\ohs( qnts \ur
-+1,^

-
^^.,u .l
o.ppe-o,\ o-b *\,\q otp o"( a. ctv-tut\ teco.use-- d(+erEn-
J
pot\s qxtbit cl\t+qrrqo.t pvoputq$\ovt &e\s
J
'+ Hsre\&s Dcc\L\ tn csxnb\vrquo\c-j . crrcutts , u._rhqre
t\nuu \^oJ{ c_o-\rse- o. tqrrn pot\o-yt6 4u\sq o(p va\ue n
sl
t^\\Na^^ -t\is c-sw&i\is,rn occ\r\q o\\r, sq?u.q\tto-g civquits,
{
'\t NNcrrd \ Strtt trr.r o tfan St t\orr to a o\o\Nt Stah\a-
:i
r|
Stq\e-
CtusSi$tcqt\rsrrr o Ua.AGYds : - J
1tnqrq ara R di((erqw1 \pes c:( HqZuvds +
+rq>qvd
(t ) sto.ttc Ho.tq'ccl at-.-Stqticro T
\----- =
stut\c - r Horc^vc/
tiit Dgnuxnerc Ho>qvd a+
. ((r\) f,ssenuo_! Horo.vd =
C.|

t' Lt) Ftot\c - r , $alo-yd ".^ C.!


t
r^r\rrs^A o. c\quit oU\p tL\ toes \o Mov\qnt j
*a(\.1 'o' , u:he\q 'rt \.CI.\ to fq\.no.irfr qt CtrvrS\eV\b '[ ' ,
J
*\e-rrr t,.)Q- so\ -t\Gt citttr.*tt t\at 'stor,*ic
- t Ho.Eqvd . +

U Mo*errtcrtt\6 cvrarnfie{,
t-rolnvcc-. I=
_!is'.^ stctt?.^r sl
tii) :- *{
tltrro,r.,,. o. cirCeuit otrtp\\
'\' toeg to {v\o\\A{-r6-J
- ot\q u:b,.q\e. R \oS {o \*$NGM\ o* Cov\\\o\\t ,o I
i I
*\qrcr drq\R\ \no.f S1u\arQ - o (uuord
\t.:Q. \\Nq\
o > IAOsf\qNo.\\\\
c\ro-nteS
triq:^
:\) sts\ic -o uqLoxd .

I . Dqs\o.rrrnic U..*qVd i*
ts Su.pposed {e: c-v\o'rlrqq 'trorn
Lrr\t!.;tl -t\\a- de
rl rl oD
o(p cVro-5es $ o\-Q v\c.
oto\ tot\ \ tD o ,\t
tr

o g t\ttrnes \\ern twts ltqo$Ngie\A,\ ts cs-\tqd bXtno-vrnic


t\
Ho.*qvd.

T 1"J-'lql-_'1"_ *u*oo}?o
o

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