GPRS/GSM Network

1 Tng quan
S quan trng ca vic truyn d liu trong thng tin di ng ngy cng tng,
trong khi h thng thng tin di ng GSM c thit k ch yu truyn tn
hiu thoi. Nhng nhu cu mi mng di ng cn p ng nh cc dch v d liu
(gi nhn E-mails, WWW) hay truy cp WAP trn nn mng IP (nh mng
Internet). Nhng dch v ny cn n bng thng v cn thit cc ng truyn s
liu ph hp m chun GSM khng th p ng c hon ton, v tc d liu
qu chm, thi gian kt ni lu v phc tp. Hn na chi ph th t v GSM da
trn chuyn mch knh. V giao din v tuyn, mt knh lu lng ch cp c
cho mt user trong ton b thi gian cuc gi, nn vic s dng ti nguyn v tuyn
khng hiu qu.
Dch v v tuyn gi a nng (GPRS - General Packet Radio Service) l mt
cng ngh k thut gi, da trn GSM. Li ch chnh ca GPRS l ngun ti
nguyn v tuyn c truy xut ch khi d liu tht s c gi i gia trm di
ng v mng , c pht trin da trn cc thnh phn ca mng GSM hin c, v
vy tit kim c chi ph ng thi s dng c ti nguyn tit kim, gim nghn
mch (chi ph nng cp mng GSM ln GPRS ch bng 1/10 chi ph nng cp t
mng GSM ln GPRS). Hn na, GPRS cn nng cao c cht lng dch v d
liu, tng tin cy. GPRS p dng nguyn tc gi v tuyn truyn gi d liu
hiu qu hn gia trm di ng GSM v mng d liu gi bn ngoi. Chuyn mch
gi chia d liu ra thnh cc gi nh ri truyn ring r sau tp hp li pha thu.
Mt ngi s dng GPRS c th s dng n 8 khe thi gian t tc ti a
hn 100kbit/s. Tuy nhin y l tc nh, nu nhiu ngi cng s dng th tc
bit s thp hn.
2 Cc kiu chuyn mch
2.1. Chuyn mch knh:
i vi vic truyn t thng tin qua chuyn mch knh, mng thit lp mt kt
ni bng cch cp pht cho MS mt knh v tuyn. Khi d liu c truyn dn qua
mng. Ngay c khi ch mt lng nh d liu c truyn, knh v tuyn cng b
chim gi trong sut thi gian kt ni. User phi tr chi ph cho ton b thi gian kt
ni.
2.2. Chuyn mch gi:
i vi vic truyn t thng tin qua chuyn mch gi, mng ch cp pht gi d
liu khi c nhu cu. V th, mt knh v tuyn c chia s gia nhiu MS ng
thi. Thm vo , 1 MS c th s dng 8 khe thi gian. Khi MS to mt gi d
liu, mng gi gi d liu ny n ng a ch trn knh v tuyn ri u tin. V
lung d liu bao gm nhiu cm d liu, nn knh v tuyn c s dng rt hiu
qu.
2.3. c im ca h thng GPRS:
Trong khi h thng GSM s dng chuyn mch knh truyn thoi, th h thng
GPRS s dng chuyn mch gi, nhng u theo chun GSM. Khi mt bn tin c
truyn i, n c chia thnh nhiu gi. Khi nhng gi ny n ch thu n c tp
hp li cho ra bn tin ban u. Tt c cc gi ny u c lu trong b m d
liu.
Nhng gi d liu t MS c th dng nhiu knh v tuyn khc nhau trong sut
qu trnh truyn.
 MS trong h thng GPRS c th ch c dng cho chuyn mch knh, hoc cho
c chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi.
3 Kin trc mng GPRS
V lc u GSM c thit k cho lu lng chuyn mch knh, nn vic a
dch v chuyn mch gi vo i hi phi b sung thm thit b cho mng cng nh
nng cp cc phn mm tng ng. Mng GPRS kt ni vi cc mng s liu cng
cng nh IP v mng X.25
D liu trn mng cung cp s vn chuyn d liu gi tc 9.6kbps n 171kbps.
Hn na nhiu user c th chia s cng ngun ti nguyn v tuyn.

Nhng thay i trong mng GPRS c th c tm tt trong bng sau:

3.1. TE
Thut ng terminal equipment dng ch cc loi in thoi di ng v cc
trm di ng khc nhau c th s dng trong mng GPRS.
Mt TE GPRS c th l mt trong ba lp A, B, C.
- Lp A h tr cc dch v GSM v GPRS (nh SMS v thoi) ng thi. S
h tr ny gm truy nhp, gim st, lu lng.
- Lp B c th ng k vi mng cho c dch v GPRS v GSM. Nhng
ngc vi lp A n ch c s dng mt trong hai dch v ti thi im c cho.
MS c th tm ngng chuyn gi cho kt ni chuyn mch knh hon ton v sau
li tip tc.
 - Lp C h tr truy nhp khng ng thi. User phi chn dch v kt ni.
V th mt user lp C ch c th hot ng mt dch v c chn trc bng
nhn cng (hoc mc nh), cn dch v khng c chn th khng th truy nhp
c (tr SMS c th nhn gi bt c lc no). Mt user ch h tr cho GPRS v
khng lu lng chuyn mch knh s lun lun lm vic trong lp C.
3.2. GPRS BSS
BSS gm BSC (Base Station Controller) v BTS (Base Transceiver Station).
Mi BSC yu cu thit lp mt hay nhiu PCU v nng cp phn mm.PCU cung
cp giao din d liu vt l v logic ngoi trm gc (BSS) cho lu lng d liu gi.
BTS cng yu cu nng cp phn mm, nhng khng cn thay i phn cng.
BSC cung cp cc chc nng ca knh v tuyn c lin quan. BSC c th thit
lp, gim st, ngt kt ni cuc gi chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi. N l
mt chuyn mch dung lng cao cung cp nhiu chc nng nh : chuyn giao, n
nh knh. Mt MSC phc v mt hay nhiu BSC.
Khi c lu lng thoi v d liu bt ngun t mt thit b u cui thu bao, th
n c chuyn qua BTS v t BTS n BSC theo nh chun GSM. Tuy nhin
ng ra ca BSC d liu c tch ra, thoi c gi n trung tm chuyn mch di
ng (MSC) theo chun GSM cn d liu c gi n thit b mi l SGSN, ngang
qua PCU thng qua giao tip frame relay.
3.3. MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center)
MSC thc hin chc nng chuyn mch mch trong GSM, SGSN chuyn mch
gi. MSC iu khin cc cuc gi n v i t cc in thoi khc hoc cc h thng
d liu, nh mng PSTN, mng ISDN, PLMN v mt mng ring khc.
Vng nh tuyn SGSN (RA) l mt phn con ca vng nh v ca MSC (LA).
Mt MSC LA l mt nhm cc t bo BSS. H thng s dng LA tm thu bao
ang hot ng. Mt LA l mt phn ca mng m MS c th di chuyn m khng
cp nht v tr.
C th c nhiu MSC tng ng vi mt SGSN. Mt MSC c th c kt ni
vi nhiu SGSN ty thuc vo lu lng thc t.
3.4. GMSC (Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center)
GMSC th ging GMSC trong GSM. N chuyn mch knh cc cuc gi gia
GSM v PSTN, mng in thoi c nh, v th n h tr chc nng nh tuyn cc
cuc gi n MSC ni m thu bao ng k.
3.5. HLR (Home Location Register)
L ni lu tr thng tin ca thu bao di ng. Thng tin ny bao gm dch v b
sung, cc tham s nhn thc, tn im truy xut (APN), v c v tr ca MS. i
vi GPRS, thng tin thu bao thay i gia HLR v SGSN. B ba nhn thc trong
GPRS c ly trc tip t HLR n SGSN ch khng qua MSC/VLR nh trong
CS GSM.
Thng tin n t HLR n SGSN c thit lp bi nh khai thc ca thu bao.
Thng tin ny c chuyn i khi ngi khai thc thay i thng tin ca thu bao,
hoc khi mt SGSN cn thng tin v thu bao sau khi ng nhp hoc roaming.
SGSN c cng c thng bo v roaming.
3.6. VLR (Visitor Location Register)
VLR cha thng tin v tt c cc MS hin ang nh v trong MSC hoc SGSN.
SGSN cha cc chc nng VLR cho chuyn mch gi. Tng t, VLR chuyn mch
knh l mt thnh phn tng thch ca MSC.
 VLR cha thng tin thu bao tm thi m MSC v SGSN cn cung cp cc
dch v cho thu bao.
Khi mt MS roam n mt MSC mi hoc vng nh tuyn SGSN, VLR ca
MSC hoc SGSN yu cu v lu tr d liu v MS t HLR. Nu MS thc hin
mt cuc khc vo lc khc, thng tin cn thit thit lp cuc gi sn sng.
GPRS VLR gm phn mm trong SGSN. VLR cha thng tin v SGSN ang
c s dng. i vi h thng GPRS, trc tip HLR thay v (CS) MSC/VLR c
dng cho th tc nhn thc ca MS. V th, SGSN t c b ba nhn thc t
HLR.
3.7. Mng li
Trong mng li, cc MSC da trn k thut chuyn mch knh khng x l c
lu lng gi. V th c hai thnh phn mi c thm vo l GGSN v SGSN
(GSNs).
GSNs cp pht v nh tuyn gi d liu gia MS v PDN (Packet Data
Network) ng thi thu thp thng tin v vic s dng ti nguyn GPRS.
SGSN: SGSN chu trch nhim phn phi gi d liu n v i t trm di ng
trong vng phc v ca n. Nhim v ca n bao gm lun c qun l di ng ,
qun l nh tuyn v truyn gi, qun l lin kt logic v chc nng nhn thc v
tnh cc. Thanh ghi v tr ca SGSN lu tr thng tin nh v tr cell, VLR hin ti
v d liu c nhn ca user (IMSI, a ch s dng trong mng d liu gi) ca tt
c cc user GPRS ng k vi SGSN ny.C th coi SGSN l MSC chuyn mch
gi. N gi cc gi IP c nh a ch n / i n MS c ng nhp trong
vng phc v ca SGSN. Mt thu bao GPRS c th c phc v bi bt c SGSN
no trong mng tt c ty thuc vo v tr. Lu lng c nh tuyn t SGSN n
BSC, ngang qua BTS n MS.
GGSN: ng vai tr nh mt giao tip gia mng xng sng GPRS v mng
d liu gi bn ngoi. N chuyn i gi n t SGSN vo dng giao thc gi thch
hp (nh IP hoc X.25) v gi chng n mng gi tng ng. hng khc, a
ch PDP ca gi d liu ang n c bin i thnh a ch GSM ca user ni
n. Gi d liu nh a ch li c gi n SGSN qun l n. V mc ch
ny, GGSN lu tr a ch SGSN hin ti v thng tin c nhn ca user trong khi
ng k v tr. GGSN cng thc hin chc nng nhn thc v tnh cc. Thng c
mi quan h nhiu nhiu gia SGSN v GGSN. Mt GGSN l giao tip vi mng
d liu gi bn ngoi ca nhiu SGSN. Mt SGSN c th nh tuyn gi ca n qua
nhiu GGSN khc nhau n cc mng d liu gi khc nhau.
Giao tip Gb kt ni gia BSC vi SGSN. Qua giao tip G n v Gp, d liu user v
d liu bo hiu c truyn dn gia cc GSNs. Giao tip G n s c dng nu
SGSN nh v trong cng mt mng PLMN, trong khi giao tip G p c dng nu
trong cc mng PLMN khc nhau.
Tt c GNSs c kt ni qua mng xng sng GPRS da trn IP. Trong mng
ny, GSNs ng gi PDN v truyn dn chng dng GPRS Tunneling Protocol GPT.
C hai loi mng xng sng GPRS:
Intra PLMN: kt ni cc GSNs ca cng mt mng PLMN.
Inter PLMN: kt ni cc GSNs ca cc mng PLMN khc nhau. Cn phi
c s chp nhn roaming gia hai nh cung cp mng thit lp mng ny.
SGSN chu trch nhim phn phi gi d liu n v i t trm di ng trong
vng phc v ca n. Nhim v ca n bao gm lun c qun l di ng, qun l
nh tuyn v truyn gi, qun l lin kt logic v chc nng nhn thc v tnh
cc. Thanh ghi v tr ca SGSN lu tr thng tin nh v tr cell, VLR hin ti v
d liu c nhn ca user (IMSI, a ch s dng trong mng d liu gi) ca tt c
cc user GPRS ng k vi SGSN ny.

BSC
B TS
B TS BSC
M S

I n te r- P L M N
SG SN G PRS b a c k b o n e SG SN

I n tra - P L M N I n tra - P L M N
G PRS b a c k b o n e G PRS b a c k b o n e
B o rd e r G a te w a y B o rd e r G a te w a y
P LM N 1
P LM N 2

G G SN G G SN
SG SN

P a c k e t d a ta n e tw o rk

R o u te r H o st

LA N
Hnh trn ch hai mng intra PLMN kt ni vi mt inter PLMN. Cng giao
tip gia PLMN v inter PLMN c gi l border gateway. N thc hin chc
nng an ton bo v mng intra PLMN trc cc user khng c nhn thc.
Giao tip Gn v Gp cng c nh ngha gia cc SGSNs. N cho php SGSN
trao i h s ca user khi MS di chuyn t mt vng SGSN ny n vng SGSN
khc.
Giao tip Gi kt ni PLMN vi PDN ring hoc cng cng, nh mng Internet.
Giao tip vi IP (IPv4 v IPv6) v mng X.25.
HLR lu tr h s user, a ch SGSN hin ti, v a ch PDP cho mi user
GPRS trong PLMN. Giao tip G r c dng trao i thng tin gia HLR v
SGSN. V d, SGSN thng bo vi HLR v v tr hin ti ca MS. Khi MS ng k
vi mt SGSN mi, HLR s gi h s user cho SGSN ny. GGSN dng ng bo
hiu gia GGSN v HLR (giao tip Gc) cp nht thanh ghi v tr ca n.
C th kt hp cc th tc attachment v cp nht v tr ca GSM v GPRS. Hn
na, bn tin tm gi ca chuyn mch knh GSM c th thc hin ngang qua SGSN.
V th, giao tip Gs kt ni c s d liu ca SGSN v MSC/VLR.
4 M ho Knh Trong GPRS
Ty thuc vo mi trng v tuyn, c th s dng mt trong bn kiu m ha
(CS1, CS2, CS3, CS4), GSM ch s dng CS1. CS1 v CS2 pht hin v sa li tt
vi dung lng thp, trong bc u ca GPRS ch mt trong hai kiu m ha ny
c dng. CS3 v CS4 cung cp dung lng cao hn nhng kh nng sa c li
t hn.
 Radio Block

USF BCS

rate 1/2 convolutional coding

puncturing

456 bits

Cau truc khoi vo tuyen cua CS1 en CS3

Radio Block

USF BCS
block
no coding
code

456 bits
Cu trc khi v tuyn ca CS4
Trong m chp s dng t l m (R) nh th t m cng di, vic pht hin v sa
li cng d dng hn nhng phi truyn nhiu bit hn lm cho tc bit cao hn
Trong GSM s dng m chp vi R= , cn trong GPRS R c th thay i c,
nn tc cao hn.
Tc d liu ca GPRS

Kiu Tin m Bit Bit Bit Ng ra Bit T l Tc

m ha thng chn ui m punctur m d liu
ha (USF) tin l chp ed
CS-1 3 181 40 4 456 0 1/2 9.05
CS-2 6 268 16 4 588 132 2/3 13.4
CS-3 6 312 16 4 676 220 3/4 15.6
CS-4 12 428 16 - 456 - 1 21.4
V d CS2:
271 bit thng tin (gm c 3 bit c hng ln (USF)), 16 bit chn l, 3 bit tin m
ho v 4 bit ui c thm vo cui ca khi. Dng m chp c a thc to m
g(1) (D) = 1 + D3 + D4
g(2) (D) = 1 + D + D3 + D4
D l ton t tr.
ng ra ca b m chp, mt t m v(D) = (v (0)(D),v(1)(D)) chiu di 588 bit.
Chui bit lin tip ng ra c xc nh bng v(1)(D) = u(D).g(1)(D) v v(2)(D) =
u(D).g(2)(D). sau m ha, 132 bit l punctured, dn n t m c di l 456 bit.
V t l m chp l
271 16 3 4 2
R
456 3
 5 iu ch s
Trong GSM dng iu ch bn mc (GMSK) cn trong GPRS dng iu ch tm
mc. iu ch cng nhiu mc th cng d phn bit li.Nhng khi s mc ln th
BER tng, cht lng km.

BER
8PS
4PSK
2PSK
K

S/N
T th ta thy, vi cng mc tn hiu thu c, BER ca iu ch cng nhiu
mc th cng ln. Vy mun tng tc truyn (tng mc) m BER khng tng th
phi tng cng sut pht.
Trong GPRS nu tng cng sut pht c hai hng th MS mau ht pin. gii
quyt vn ny, ngi ta ch tng cng sut pht cho hng xung (tng mc iu
ch) dng 8PSK, cn hng ln vn gi nguyn GMSK, dn n phn gii iu ch
trong GSM v GPRS cng khc nhau.

6 Qun L Phin, Qun L Di ng

Trong phn ny, chng ta tm hiu xem lm th no mt trm di ng (MS) ng
k
vi mng v c nhn bit bi mng ngoi.
1. Cc th tc attachment v detachment
Trc khi mt MS s dng dch v ca GPRS n phi ng k vi mt SGSN
ca GPRS. Mng kim tra cc thng s nhn thc ca thu bao , copy d liu c
nhn ca thu bao t HLR n SGSN v gn cho user mt s nhn dng thu bao di
ng gi tm thi (P-TMSI). Th tc ny gi l GPRS attach. i vi trm di ng
s dng c chuyn mch knh v chuyn mch gi th c th kt hp c hai th tc
GPRS/IMSI attach. Vic ngt kt ni vi mng GPRS gi l GPRS detach, c th
thc hin bi MS hoc mng (SGSN v HLR).
MS BSS newSGSN oldSGSN SGSN EIR newMSC/VLR HLR
oldMSC/VLR
1. attach identification response
Request 2. identification request

3. identity request

3. identity
response
4.
authentication
5. IMEI check

6a. Update Location

6b. Cancel Location

6c. Cancel Location

ACK
6d. Insert subscriber
data
6e. Insert subscriber data ACK
6f. Update Location
ACK
7a. Location updating request

7b. Update Location

7c. Cancel Location

7d. Cancel Location
ACK
7e. Insert subscriber
data
7f. Insert subscriber data ACK
7h. Update Location
ACK
7h. Location updating Accept

8. attach Accept

9. attach complete
10. TMSI realocation
complete
 MS Detach

MS BSS SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR

1. Detach
request 2. Delete PDP context
request
3. Delete PDP Context Respone

4. IMSI Detach Indication

5. GPRS Detach
6. Detach Accept indication

Network
Detach

MS BSS SGSN GGSN MSC/VLR

1. Detach
request 2. Delete PDP Context
request
3. Delete PDP Context Respone

4. GPRS Detach Indication

5. Detach Accept

2. Qun l phin:
trao i d liu gi vi mng PDN (Packet Data Network) sau khi GPRS
attach thnh cng, mt MS phi dng mt hay nhiu a ch s dng trong PDN,
chng hn a ch IP trong trng hp mng ngoi l mng IP, a ch ny c gi
l a ch PDP (Packet Data Protocol Address). Mt PDP context c to ra, n m
t c im ca phin v cha loi PDP (chng hn IPv4). a ch PDP c gn
cho MS (v d 129.187.222.10), cht lng dch v c yu cu QoS v a ch ca
GGSN m phc v nh l im truy xut n PDN. Context ny c lu tr trong
MS, SGSN v GGSN. Vi mt PDP context ng, trm di ng c th thy c
i vi trm PDN ngoi v c th gi hoc nhn d liu. Vic gn gia hai a ch
PDP v IMSI lm cho GGSN chuyn c d liu gia PDP v MS. Mt user c th
c nhiu PDP context hot ng ng thi ti mt thi im.
Vic cp pht a ch PDP c th tnh hay ng. Trong trng hp cp pht tnh,
nh khai thc mng nh PLMN ca user gn mt a ch PDP tm thi cho user.
trng hp cp pht ng, mt a ch PDP c gn cho user trn mt PDP context
ang hot ng. a ch PDP c th c gn bi nh khai thc mng nh PLMN
ca user hoc nh khai thc mng khch. Nh khai thc mng nh s quyt nh
chn kh nng no. Trong trng hp gn a ch ng, GGSN chu trch nhim cp
pht a ch PDP.
 GPRS cng h tr vic bo mt thng tin , khi user phi ng k dch v tr
trc v trong trng hp ny ch dng cp pht a ch ng.
7 Qun l v tr
Mt MS trong GPRS c ba trng thi hot ng: ri, ch v sn sng (trong GSM
ch c 2 trng thi ri v sn sng) .

D liu ch c truyn gia mt MS v mng GPRS khi MS trong trng thi sn

sng. trng thi ny, SGSN bit c v tr cell ca MS. Cn trong trng thi ch
ch bit c vng nh tuyn ca MS (vng nh tuyn c th gm mt hay nhiu
cell).
Khi SGSN gi mt gi n MS ang trong trng thi ch, MS phi c tm gi.
Bi v SGSN bit vng nh tuyn ca MS, mt bn tin tm gi gi c gi n
vng nh tuyn . Sau khi nhn c bn tin ny, MS bov tr cell n SGSN
thit lp trng thi sn sng.
Vic truyn gi n MS sn sng c bt u bng bn tin thng bo vi MS
gi d liu ang n. D liu c truyn ngay lp tc sau khi gi tm gi ny i
qua knh ch bi bn tin tm gi. Mc ch ca bn tin tm gi ny l lm n gin
qu trnh nhn gi. MS ch phi lng nghe mt bn tin tm gi, thay v tt c cc gi
d liu trong cc knh xung, gim c ngun pin mt cch ng k.
Khi mt MS c gi cn truyn i, phi truy xut n knh ln. Knh ln c s
dng bi nhiu MS, v vic s dng n c ch nh bi mt BSS. MS yu cu s
dng knh trong bn tin truy xut ngu nhin gi. BSS cp mt knh cha c s
dng cho MS v gi bn tin chp nhn truy xut gi cho MS. D liu s c truyn
trn knh c chn .
Vic s dng trng thi ch gim c lng ti trong mng GPRS v ngun pin
MS. Khi MS trng thi ch, n khng cn thng bo cho SGSN s thay i ca
cell - ch thng bo khi thay i vng nh tuyn. Nh khai thc quyt nh phm vi
ca vng nh tuyn v lm cho s lng bn tin cp nht nh tuyn thch hp.
8 Nguyn tc qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn v a truy xut
Ging GSM, GPRS s dng phng php a truy xut phn chia theo thi gian
(TDMA) v a truy xut phn chia theo tn s (FDMA).
- di tn t 890 - 915Mhz cho truyn dn hng ln (t MS n BTS)
- di tn t 935 - 960Mhz cho truyn dn hng xung (t BTS n MS)
Mi di tn 25Mhz ny c chia lm 124 khong nh, mi khong nh c
rng l 200khz. Mt khong hng ln hp vi mt khong hng xung tng ng
gi l mt knh tn s. Khong cch gia hai tn s trong mt knh l 45Mhz. Mt
BTS c cp pht mt s knh.
Mi knh tn s c chia lm 8 khe thi gian. Mt trm di ng GSM dng mt
khe thi gian cho c hng ln v hng xung. Cn GPRS cho php mi trm di
ng truyn dn nhiu khe thi gian trong mt khung TDMA.V l thuyt th tc
cc i trong truyn d liu GPRS l 172.2kbps khi user dng 8 khe thi gian
trong iu kin ti u (thc t khng t c). Hn na hng ln v hng xung
c cp pht khng i xng, ph hp vi nhu cu thc t trong vic truy cp
Internet l thu bao cn tc cao ti d liu v V d, mt thit b GPRS c
th x l 4 khe thi gian cho hng xung v 2 khe thi gian cho hng ln. Trong
iu kin v tuyn tt, tc c th t 50kbps hng xung v 20kbps hng
ln.
Trong GSM, mt knh c cp pht tm thi cho mt user trong ton b thi
gian cuc gi (d d liu c thc s c truyn hay khng). Ngc li, trong
GPRS knh ch thc s c cp pht khi gi d liu c gi hoc nhn, v c
gii phng ngay khi truyn dn xong. V th vic s dng ti nguyn rt hiu qu v
linh ng, nhiu user c th chia s cng mt knh vt l.
9 Knh logic trong GPRS
Da trn knh vt l, cc knh logic c nh ngha thc hin cc chc nng
nh bo hiu, qung b, ng b, phn knh, tm gi

Tng t GSM, c th chia lm hai loi: knh lu lng v knh bo hiu.

PDTCH (packet data traffic channel): truyn d liu user. N c n nh
cho mt MS. Mt MS c th s dng nhiu PDTCH ng thi.
PBCCH (packet broadcast control channel): l knh bo hiu im a im
mt chiu t BSS n MS. BSS dng PBCCH qung b thng tin v t chc
mng v tuyn GPRS n tt c cc MS trong mt cell. Ngoi ra, n cn qung b
cc thng tin h thng v dch v chuyn mch knh, MS ca GSM/GPRS khng
cn phi lng nghe knh BCCH.
PCCCH (pachet common control channel): knh bo hiu hai chiu im
a im vn chuyn thng tin bo hiu v qun l truy xut mng nh vic cp pht
ti nguyn v tuyn v tm gi. N gm 4 knh con:
1. PRACH (pachet random access channel): c MS dng yu cu PDTCH.
2. PAGCH (pachet access grant channel): dng cp pht PDTCH cho MS.
3. PPCH (packet paging channel): BSS dng tm v tr ca mt MS (tm gi)
trc khi truyn gi hng xung.
4. PNCH (pachet notification channel): bo cho MS bn tin PTM ang n.
Knh iu khin dnh ring l knh bo hiu hai hng im im. N
cha knh PACCH v PTCCH.
 1. PACCH (packet associated control channel): lun lun c cp pht kt hp
vi mt hay nhiu PDTCH c phn cho mt MS. N vn chuyn thng tin bo
hiu n mt trm MS ring (v d thng tin iu khin cng sut).
2. PTCCH (packet timing advance control channel): dng ng b khung.
Vic phi hp gia knh lgic chuyn mch knh v knh logic chuyn mch gi
rt quan trng. Nu PCCCH khng c sn trong mt cell, mt MS dng knh iu
khin chung (CCCH) ca mng GSM bt u truyn gi. Hn na, nu PBCCH
khng c sn, n s lng nghe knh qung b (BCCH) c thng bo v mng
v tuyn.

Packet channel
request PRACH or RACH

Packet immediate
assignment PRAGCH or
AGCH
Packet resourse
request PACCH

Packet resourse
assignment PACCH

Hnh ny m t nguyn tc cp pht knh. Mt MS yu cu truyn dn hng ln

bng cch gi mt pachet channel request trn PRACH hay RACH. Mng tr li
trn PDCH hay AGCH tng ng. N bo cho MS knh PDCH no c th dng
c. Mt c trng thi hng ln (USF) c truyn trn ng xung bo cho
MS liu c knh ln no rnh khng.
GPRS IP Conectivity

1 Tng quan Kin trc kt ni ca GPRS

GPRS tn dng cc thnh phn ca mng GSM c sn, nhng hiu qu trong
vic xy dng mng di ng trn nn chuyn mch gi GPRS cn mt s thnh
phn, giao din, giao thc mi. Cu trc ca h thng mng GPRS c xy dng
song song vi mng GSM c sn. Thnh phn BTS phn thnh ng truyn thoi
v ng truyn d liu. ng truyn thoi c a n bi mng GSM trn nn
ISDN truyn thng, trong khi ng truyn d liu c gi thng qua qua mng
IP. C hai thnh phn mi trong h thng GPRS l SGSN (Serving GPRS Support
Node) v GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node). Mng GPRS ch kt ni vi mng
GSM phn BSC v cc ng kt ni bo hiu (phn Gs, Gr v Gc).
SGSN cng nh GGSN c tm gn trong khi nim tng qut hn l GSN
(GPRS Support Node) thnh phn h tr GPRS.
Hnh 1 trnh by cc kt ni thng tin trong GPRS, cc thnh phn trong GSM
nh MSC/VLR BSS v MSC HLR khng c trnh by y.

Hnh 1: Kt ni gia cc GSN trong GPRS

Tch ri thnh phn mng li trn c 2 thnh phn ni vi GSN l:
- Mng qun l: iu hnh, duy tr v tnh cc, ...
- Mng dch v: thnh phn cung cp dch v Internet.

GPRS Internal Backbone l:

- Mng dng router gia cc GSN hay kt ni cc GSN vi nhau khi router l
mt thnh phn nm trong GSN.
- Mng qun l.

GSN lun c cha router (b nh tuyn) hoc c th cc router c lp gia

cc GSN trong mng xng sng GPRS. Mt thnh phn c chc nng chuyn
mch cho DCE cng cn phi c gia cc GSN. Hnh 2 l v d ca mng xng
sng GPRS; Boder Gateway (BG) - cng phn cch trong GGSN c dng vi cc
GSN trong cc mng PLMN khc nhau.

M a n a g e m e n t LA N
N TP DNS EG T B illin g

WWW M A IL

A TM A TM E th e rn e t
R BG
SG SN G G SN
A T M S w it c h

S w it c h
BG
G G SN

N TP DNS EG T B illin g

Hnh 2: Mng xng sng ca GPRS

2 Chc nng kt ni IP ca GPRS

Chc nng ny cung cp:
- S lin lc gia cc thnh phn khc nhau trong h thng GPRS bao gm cc
trm di ng MS, SGSN, GGSN, cc host, cc thnh phn cung cp dch v Internet,
...
- Kt ni vi Internet.
Trong thng tin lin lc da trn nn IP tiu biu c hai dng lin lc khc nhau
l:
- Lin lc IP trong mng GPRS dnh cho bo hiu, qun l, ...
- Lin lc IP gia cc ngi dng
Mt v d ca chc nng th hai l s lin lc gia trm di ng GPRS (GPRS
MS) v ISP. H thng GPRS cung cp kt ni IP gia cc MS (Mobile Station) v
IH (Internet service Host) s dng theo chun GSM. D liu truyn i da trn giao
thc internet tc l cc gi d liu truyn i t u cui ny n u cui kia (end-
to-end), c truyn trn giao din v tuyn.Nhn t pha ngi s dng, kt ni vi
Internet cn phi c modem, MS ng vai tr nh mt modem trong h thng thng
tin di ng GPRS.
Mt iu cn thit khc trong s lin lc theo chun IP l mi thit b trong mng
cn c mt a ch IP phn bit vi cc thit b khc. i vi h thng GPRS,
giao thc IP s dng trong kt ni gia cc ngi dng v c trong h thng, nh
vy c MS v cc thnh phn h thng u cn phi c a ch IP.
GPRS h tr c IPv4 v IPv6.
a ch IP dng trong GPRS c th l a ch cng cng (public), a ch ring
(private), a ch ng (dynamic) hay tnh (static).
 2.1 a ch IP cng cng v a ch ring
a ch IP cng cng l a ch c cung cp bi nh iu hnh Internet, a ch
ny c quy nh ring bit trn ton th gii, ngha l mi host c mt a ch IP
cng cng ring. gim s lng a ch IP, cc t chc cn s dng a ch IP
ring. Cc a ch trong khng gian a ch ring ch cn khc nhau i vi t chc
s dng; nh vy a ch IP ring c th s dng cho nhiu t chc khc nhau. V
d: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) dnh ring 3 khi trong khng
gian a ch IP cho a ch IP ring nh sau: 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (10/8 prefix)
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (172.16/12 prefix)
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (192.168/16 prefix)
Mt GPRS c th c cp cho a ch cng cng hay a ch ring.
2.2 a ch IP ng v a ch tnh
a ch IP ng c th c cp cho SGSN khch hay cho GGSN ca mng hin
ti khi thc hin chc nng chuyn vng. Vic cp a ch IP ng cho php nh
iu hnh c th ti s dng a ch IP t ti nguyn a ch IP iu ny lm gim
tng s a ch IP dng trong mt PLMN.
a ch IP tnh c cp cho thu bao HLR. a ch IP tnh c s dng khi
truy cp vo mng bo mt vic gi a ch IP nh l kho kim tra quyn truy
cp.
V d hnh 3 l s mng GPRS kt ni vi mng Internet. Mi thit b ng
k mun trao i d liu vi mng IP cn phi c cp mt a ch IP. a ch IP
c ly t khng gian a ch IP ca nh iu hnh GPRS. h tr s lng ln
a ch IP cho ngi dng di ng, cn phi cp a ch IP ng, DHCP Server
(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) thc hin cng vic ny. Trong hnh my
phc v tn min (DNS) c qun l bi GPRS hay bi mng IP c chc nng nh
x gia a ch IP v tn cc host. m bo quyn truy cp vo PLMN, bc tng
la (firewall) c s dng gia mng GPRS ring v mng IP bn ngoi. Vi cu
hnh trn, GPRS c th c coi l phn m rng ca Internet trn tt c cc ng
n trm di ng hay my tnh di dng. Nh vy thu bao di ng kt ni trc tip
vi Internet.
Hnh 3: Kt ni GPRS Internet
 2.3 Cc phn kt ni IP trong GPRS
Cc router c lp v cc router ni trong mng xng sng GPRS kim sot tt
c cc kt ni mng ng trc, cc router ny dng a ch IP ring v c chc
nng lc gi d liu.
Router c thng tin v a ch IP cc giao tip kt ni IP v nhn dng c a
ch IP ca tt c cc TE trong h thng GPRS. Mi gi IP c a ch ca MS ch
c gi v x l bi cc router ca mng xng sng GPRS v thng qua GSN
n vi MS tng ng. Bt k mt gi IP no t MS u c gi t SGSN thng
qua b nh tuyn ca n v c nh tuyn n internet s dng cc quy trnh nh
tuyn IP thng thng.
Vi mc ch bo mt mng phi c chc nng chn cc lin lc khng cn thit.
t c iu ny, phn thc hin chc nng kt ni IP trong GPRS chia thnh 3
phn, cc phn ny c lin kt vi nhau bng router:
- Phn mng hp tc (corporate) hay mng ISP.
- Phn mng xng sng ni GPRS (GPRS internal backbone), gm c mng
qun l.
- Phn mng dch v: l mng cho cc host, cung cp cc dch v Internet cho
ngi dng nh DNS, e-mail, dich v WWW.
Trong , phn mng ISP v mng xng sng ni GPRS thc hin cc chc
nng cn thit nh nh tuyn, qun l lu lng, c th cc chc nng ny nh
sau:

2.3.1 Mng hp tc hay mng ISP

Mng ISP l mng ni vi GPRS qua Internet. Mng ISP c th truy xut n bt
k trm di ng no.
Giao tip gia mng ISP v GGSN c duy tr sut qu trnh to PDP. Khi mt
tin nhn to vi PDP n GGSN, giao thc chng thc mt m (PAP) hay giao thc
chng thc bt tay (CHAP) c s dng thng qua my ch RADIUS mng ISP.
Mng bn ngoi c nhim v cp a ch IP cho MS.
Mt GPRS MS c th c cp cho a ch IP cng cng hay a ch ring. s
dng a ch ring, cn phi nh tuyn vi IPSec tunnel hay PVC (mch o thng
trc). Nu GGPS MS dng a ch ring th kt ni n Internet phi dng NAT (b
dch a ch mng) hay mt Proxy Sever t ISP.
Vi mng dng a ch IP cng cng, c cc giao thc nh tuyn trn nn IP nh
sau:
- RIP (Rounting Information Protocol) v2
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) v2
- BGP v4
- Static routing

2.3.2 Mng xng sng ni GPRS

Mng ny l s kt ni gia cc GSN. Mt GSN thng qua router ni n mng
xng sng GPRS v cho php cc host ni ti mng qun l. GSN router nh
tuyn tt c cc gi IP n MS tng ng. GSN router c cc chc nng thng
thng v b sung thm mt s chc nng trong vic phn phi ti d liu (payload)
v qun l lu lng. Nh vy router c th x l hiu qu c lu lng IP qua cc
thnh phn mng ln cc giao thc c bit ca GPRS. Cc router ny h tr nh
tuyn tnh, cng nh cc giao thc nh tuyn ng nh: RIP v2, OPSF v2, v giao
thc kt ni bn ngoi BGP v4.
Chc nng nh tuyn l mt phn khng th thiu i vi mng GPRS, thc
hin chc nng ny bng cch s dng cc router trong GSN. Nu hai GSN cc
PLMN khc nhau ni vi nhau th phi s dng cng phn cch BG (Boder
Gateway), thng thng chc nng ny c tch hp trong GGSN. Mt GSN cng
c th ni vi mng IP bn ngoi thng qua BG. Cc kt ni n cc PLMN khc c
th bng ng trc tip hay thng qua mng IP.

3 nh tuyn trong GPRS

nh tuyn l qu trnh ly gi d liu t mt thit b v gi n thng qua mng
n thit b ca mng khc. c th nh tuyn cc gi d liu, router phi c cc
thng tin: a ch ch, cc router lng ging, cc ng i n tt c cc mng t
xa, ng i ti u n mi mng, cch thc duy tr v kim tra thng tin nh
tuyn. Router khng quan tm n host m ch quan tm n mng v ng i ti
u cho mi mng.
Xt mt v d in hnh ca nh tuyn gi d liu trong mng GPRS, trnh by
hnh 4.

BSC
B TS
B TS BSC
M S

In te r- P L M N
SG SN G PRS b a c k b o n e SG SN

I n tra - P L M N I n tra - P L M N
G PRS b a c k b o ne G PRS b a c kb o ne
B o rd e r G a te w a y B o rd e r G a te w a y
P LM N 1
P LM N 2

G G SN G G SN
SG SN

P a c k e t d a ta n e tw o rk

R o u te r H o st

LA N
Hnh 4: nh tuyn gi d liu trong GPRS
Mt trm di ng PLMN1 gi gi d liu IP n mt host ni vi mng IP.
Phn SGSN ca MS ng gi gi d liu t MS, xem xt phm vi PDP v nh
tuyn chng qua mng xng sng GPRS trong cng mt PLMN (Intra-PLMN
GPRS) n GGSN thch hp. GGSN b cc phn thm vo bi SSGN v gi chng
ra mng IP, ti y s dng c ch nh tuyn IP chuyn gi n router ca mng
ch. Sau sng phn phi gi IP n host.
Gi s trm di ng ng k PLMN2. MS c c a ch IP t GGSN ca
mng PLMN2. Nh vy, MS c a ch IP cng mng vi a ch IP ca GGSN
ca mng PLMN2. By gi host gi gi d liu IP cho MS. Gi IP s c dn n
GGSN ca PLMN2. Nhng trong HLR cha thng tin thng bo rng MS ang
PLMN1, nh vy thng tin s c ng gi v gi chng thng qua mng xng
sng GPRS lin PLMN (Inter-PLMN GPRS Backbone) n SGSN PLMN1. n
y, SGSN tch gi d liu v chuyn chng ti MS.

Trong GPRS s dng hai dng nh tuyn l:

- nh tuyn tnh (static routing)
- nh tuyn ng (dynamic roting) gm RIP, OSPF, BGP.

nh tuyn tnh
Cu hnh nh tuyn phi thng qua ngi qun tr, ngi qun tr phi ghi
cc thng tin vo bng nh tuyn. Li im ca cch nh tuyn ny l: s dng t
bng thng trn ng truyn gia cc router, bo mt. Nhc im ca cch nh
tuyn ny l: ngi qun tr phi hiu r cu trc mng, khng ph hp vi mng
ln trong vic cp nht thng tin nh tuyn.

nh tuyn ng
y l qu trnh s dng cc giao thc tm v cp nht bng nh tuyn
trn router, m bo ng i ti mi mng. Mt s giao thc nh tuyn ng
nh: RIP, OSPF, BGP,
RIP s dng cch o n gin l m s bc nhy. Bc nhy trong mt
mng l cc router m gi d liu phi qua n vi mng . Mt c im quan
trng ca RIP l giao thc c phn lp, c ngha l subnet mask khng c gi khi
cp nht ng i, khc vi giao thc nh tuyn khng phn lp, iu ny lm RIP
hot ng khng hiu qu bng OSPF.
OSPF s dng thut ton Dijkstra tng hp ng i, thut ton ny s
dng bng thng ng truyn xc nh cc gi tr n mng t xa. Khng ging
nh RIP, OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn khng phn lp, ngha l thng tin v subnet
c gi km trong qu trnh cp nht ng i. Hn na, giao thc nh tuyn
OSPF phi duy tr c s d liu v cu trc mng nh vy n hot ng hiu qu
hn RIP.
C hai thut ton RIP v2 v OSPF v2 u c s dng cho BG mng
xng sng GPRS trong cng mt PLMN.
Giao thc nh tuyn BGP l mt trong nhng giao thc nh tuyn phc tp,
cho php kt ni cc mng khc nhau vo Internet.

4 Mt s dch v ca GPRS
Mi trng GPRS i vi dch v WAP
Giao thc truy cp khng dy (WAP) cho php ngi dng di ng c th tng
tc d dng cc thng tin, ng dng dch v thng qua mn hnh in thoi di ng.
Cc dch v v ng dng ny l: e-mail, dch v chm sc khch hng, qun l cuc
gi, thng tin thi tit, th thao, ngn hng,
WAP s dng HTTP1.1 Web Server (my phc v WEB trn nn HTTP1.1) cung
cp ni dung Internet hay intranet.
 FAX qua GPRS
Tch hp fax vi vn bn in t chuyn i fax thnh dng tin nhn MINE
(Multipurpose Internet Mail extension Internet Mail m rng a mc ch) kt hp
vi vn bn dng TIFF c th phc hi li bn fax v c th truy cp in t. Mi
trng truyn thng qua mail server. Thng tin c lu tr v phc khi phc li
dng TIFF. Vi cch truyn qua WEB gim chi ph nh tuyn, qun l, ...
 Kt hp gia thoi v d liu
GGSN c th t nh khch hng, da trn k thut nh tuyn, cc phn mm
l gii php l tng tch hp vi cc dch v IP nh mng quay s ring o
(VPDN) hay thoi qua IP (Voice over IP).

Gii php kt hp mng ring o

Vi cc SGSN vi tin cy cao c th to mi trng cng tc trong GPRS,
mng ring o l gii php ph hp cho cc vn phng gia nh hay vn phng nh
(SOHO).
 5 Cc giao thc
5.1 Transmision Plane (Mt phng truyn dn)
Hnh 3 m t cu trc cc giao thc trong mt phng truyn dn GPRS, cung cp
ng truyn d liu ngi dng v bo hiu knh chung, nh kim sot lung, pht
hin v sa sai.

Hnh 3: Mt phng truyn dn

SGSN GGSN
Mng GPRS backbone ng gi d liu v truyn gia cc GSN thng qua giao
thc GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol) ng thi giao thc ny cng truyn cc tn
hiu bo hiu lin quan. GTP c s dng gia cc GSN trong cng mt PLMN
(qua giao din Gn) v gia cc GSN cc PLMN khc nhau (qua giao din Gp).
trong mt phng truyn dn, GTP to mt ng hm (tunnel) truyn gi d liu
v cung cp giao thc khin v qun l ng hm.
Cc gi GTP mang gi IP ca ngi dng hay gi X.25. lp di GTP, giao
thc chun TCP/UDP c dng truyn dn gi GTP trong mng xng sng
GPRS. X.25 cn ng truyn tin cy (reliable data link) nn TCP c dng. UDP
l gio thc khng m bo (unreliable) dng truy cp vo mng d liu gi trn
nn IP . Giao thc IP lp mng c s dng nh tuyn gi d liu qua mng
xng sng. Cc giao thc Ethernet, ISDN v ATM phi hot ng di IP.
Tm li, trong mng xng sng GPRS ta c cu trc truyn dn qua cc lp
IP/X.25 GTP TCP/UDP IP.
Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP)
Giao thc SNDCP dng truyn d liu gia SGSN v MS. Giao thc ny c
cc chc nng:
- Ghp nhiu kt ni ca lp mng vo mt ng kt ni logic o ca lp
LLC bn di.
- Nn gii nn d liu v b cc phn header (mo u) khng cn thit.
Air Interface (Giao din khng gian) phn ny, xem xt lp data link (lin
kt s liu) v lp physical (vt l) giao din Um.
a. Lp Data Link: lp ny c phn thnh hai lp con l lp LLC (gia MS
SGSN) v lp RLC/MAC (gia MS BSS).
Lp LLC (Logical Link Control iu khin kt ni logic) cung cp cc ng
kt ni logic tin cy cao (highly reliable logical link) gia cc MS v SGSN. Chc
nng ca n da trn giao thc HDLC, bao gm: kim sot lin lc, phn phi, kim
sot lu lng, pht hin li v truyn li (ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest). Lp
ny cung cp cc chc nng m ha d liu v cho php truyn cc khung c chiu
di thay i. C ch truyn d liu c xc nhn v khng xc nhn u c h
tr. Giao thc ny phn ln nng cp theo giao thc LAPDm trong GSM.
Lp RLC/MAC giao din khng gian gm 2 chc nng. Lp RLC/MAC h tr
c hai ch hot ng xc nhn v khng xc nhn.
- Chc nng chnh ca lp RLC (Radio Link Control iu khin kt ni v
tuyn) l thit lp ng truyn tin cy gia MS v BSS, bao gm phn chia v kt
hp li khung LLC trong khi d liu RLC v pht thng bo ARQ i vi cc t
m khng sa sai c.
- Lp MAC (Medium Access Control) iu khin qu trnh truy cp ca MS
trong knh v tuyn. N dng cc thut ton phn gii tranh chp, ghp nhiu
ngi dng PDTCH v lp quyn u tin da trn yu cu v QoS.
b. Lp vt l: lp vt l gia MS v BSS c phn thnh 2 lp con l PLL
(Physical Link Layer ) v RFL (physical RF Layer).
PLL (Physical Link Layer lp lin kt vt l) cung cp knh vt l gia cc MS
v BSS Lp ny c nhim v: m ha knh (pht hin, truyn thng tin sa li
(Forward Error Correction FEC), nh du cc t m khng sa c), pht hin
nghn kt ni vt l.
RFL (physical RF Layer) hot ng di lp RLL mt trong s cc chc nng
ca n l m ha v gii m.
BSS SGSN
BSSGN (BSS GPRS Application Protocol): phn phi thng tin nh tuyn v
thng tin QoS lin quan gia BSS v SGSN. Giao thc Network Service lp di
hot ng da trn giao thc Frame Relay.
5.2 Mt phng bo hiu (Signalling Plane)
Cc giao thc mt phng bo hiu dng iu khin v h tr cho chc nng
ca mt phng truyn dn nh GPRS attach/detach, kch hot PDP context, iu
khin ng nh tuyn v ch nh ti nguyn mng.
Trong hnh, gia MS v SGSN, giao thc GMN/SM (GPRS Mobility
Management / Session Management) h tr qun l phin v qun l di ng khi
thc hin cc chc nng nh GPRS attach/detach, chc nng bo mt, kch hot giao
tip PDP context v cp nht nh tuyn.

Bo hiu gia SGSN v cc thanh ghi HLR, VLR v EIR dng cc giao thc
thng thng nh ca GSM v m rng vi mt s chc nng ca GPRS. MAP
(Mobile Application Part) l thnh phn m rng c tnh mng di ng ca SS7, s
dng gia SGSN v HLR cng nh gia SGSN v EIR, n truyn ni dung bo hiu
lin quan n cp nht v tr, thng tin nh tuyn, thng tin ngi dng v bt tay.
S trao i cc bn tin MAP thit lp qua phn TCAP (transaction capabilities
application part) v SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part). Thnh phn ng
dng h thng trm gc (Base Sation System Application Part BSSAP+) truyn
thng tin bo hiu gia SGSN v VLR (qua giao din Gs). Cc thng tin bo hiu
ny qun l di ng khi phi hp chc nng ca GPRS v GSM, nh kt hp cp
nht v tr thu bao GPRS v khng phi GPRS, phi hp GPRS/IMSI attach hay
qun l cc MS t cuc gi GSM vo GPRS.
 Cc t vit tt

2G Second generation Tn chung cho mng di ng s th h th hai (nh

GSM)
3G Third generation; Tn chung cho mng di ng th h k tip (Universal
Telecommunications System [UMTS], IMT-2000; GPRS c gi l 3G Bc M)
APN Access Point Name
BG Border gateway
BGP Border Gateway Protocol
bps Bits per second
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base transceiver station
CS Circuit switched
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS Domain Name System
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSC Gateway mobile services switching center
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GSN GPRS Support Node (xGSN)
GTP GPRS Tunneling Protocol
GW Gateway
HLR Home location register
IP Internet Protocol
IH Internet service Host
ISP Internet service provider
MM Mobility management
MS Mobile station
MSC Mobile services switching center
NAS Network access server
OSS Operations Support System
PCU Packet control unit
PDA Personal digital assistant
PDN Packet data network
PDP Packet Data Protocol
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network Tn chung cho tt c cc mng di ng
khng dy s dng trm gc.
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PVC Permanent virtual circuit
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service
RLP Radio Link Protocol
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SLA Service-level agreement
 SMS Short message service
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TE Terminal equipment
VLR Visitor location register
VPN Virtual private network
WAP Wireless access Protocol

Ti liu tham kho

Bi ging Thng tin di ng s Ths. H Vn Cu, Ths Phm Thanh m
Thng tin di dng GSM Nh xut bn Bu in
GPRS System Survey, Student Text Ericsson
[www.cisco.com] GPRS White Pager Cisco System
[www.comsoc.org/pubs/surveys] IEEE Communications Surveys Third
Quarter 1999, vol. 2 no. 3
[www.vipro.com] Migration of GSM Networks to GPRS WHITE PAPER
[www.mobilewhitepapers.com/pdf/gprs.pdf]
[www.gsmworld.com]
[www.mobilegprs.com] GPRS TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
[www.vocal.com]
Mc lc

GPRS/GSM Network 1
1 Tng quan 1
2 Cc kiu chuyn mch 1
2.1. Chuyn mch knh: 1
2.2. Chuyn mch gi: 1
2.3. c im ca h thng GPRS: 1
3 Kin trc mng GPRS 1
3.1. TE 2
3.2. GPRS BSS 2
3.3. MSC (Mobile Services Switching Center) 3
3.4. GMSC (Gateway Mobile Services Switching Center) 3
3.5. HLR (Home Location Register) 3
3.6. VLR (Visitor Location Register) 3
3.7. Mng li 3
4 M ho Knh Trong GPRS 5
5 iu ch s 6
6 Qun L Phin, Qun L Di ng 7
1. Cc th tc attachment v detachment 7
2. Qun l phin: 9
7 Qun l v tr 10
8 Nguyn tc qun l ngun ti nguyn v tuyn v a truy xut 10
9 Knh logic trong GPRS 11
GPRS IP Conectivity 13
1 Tng quan Kin trc kt ni ca GPRS 13
2 Chc nng kt ni IP ca GPRS 14
2.1 a ch IP cng cng v a ch ring 14
2.2 a ch IP ng v a ch tnh 15
2.3 Cc phn kt ni IP trong GPRS 15
3 nh tuyn trong GPRS 16
4 Mt s dch v ca GPRS 18
5 Cc giao thc 21
5.1 Transmision Plane (Mt phng truyn dn) 21
5.2 Mt phng bo hiu (Signalling Plane) 22
Cc t vit tt 24
Ti liu tham kho 26
Mc lc 27