Basic Essential Additional Mathematics Skills

Curriculum Development Division

Ministry of Education Malaysia
Putrajaya

2010
First published 2010

Curriculum Development Division,

Ministry of Education Malaysia
Aras 4-8, Blok E9
Pusat Pentadbiran Kerajaan Persekutuan
62604 Putrajaya
Tel.: 03-88842000 Fax.: 03-88889917
Website: http://www.moe.gov.my/bpk

Copyright reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction or utilization of this
work in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, and recording is forbidden without prior
written permission from the Director of the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry
of Education Malaysia.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface i

Acknowledgement ii

Introduction iii

Objective iii

Module Layout iii

BEAMS Module:

Unit 1: Negative Numbers

Unit 2: Fractions

Unit 3: Algebraic Expressions and Algebraic Formulae

Unit 4: Linear Equations

Unit 5: Indices

Unit 6: Coordinates and Graphs of Functions

Unit 7: Linear Inequalities

Unit 8: Trigonometry

Panel of Contributors
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Curriculum Development Division,

Ministry of Education wishes to express our

deepest gratitude and appreciation to all

panel of contributors for their expert

views and opinions, dedication,

and continuous support in

the development of

this module.

ii
INTRODUCTION
Additional Mathematics is an elective subject taught at the upper secondary level. This
subject demands a higher level of mathematical thinking and skills compared to that required
by the more general Mathematics KBSM. A sound foundation in mathematics is deemed
crucial for pupils not only to be able to grasp important concepts taught in Additional
Mathematics classes, but also in preparing them for tertiary education and life in general.

This Basic Essential Additional Mathematics Skills (BEAMS) Module is one of the
continuous efforts initiated by the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education,
to ensure optimal development of mathematical skills amongst pupils at large. By the
acronym BEAMS itself, it is hoped that this module will serve as a concrete essential
support that will fruitfully diminish mathematics anxiety amongst pupils. Having gone
through the BEAMS Module, it is hoped that fears induced by inadequate basic
mathematical skills will vanish, and pupils will learn mathematics with the due excitement
and enjoyment.

OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this module is to help pupils develop a solid essential mathematics
foundation and hence, be able to apply confidently their mathematical skills, specifically
in school and more significantly in real-life situations.

MODULE LAYOUT
This module encompasses all mathematical skills and knowledge
taught in the lower secondary level and is divided into eight units as
follows:

Unit 1: Negative Numbers

Unit 2: Fractions
Unit 3: Algebraic Expressions and Algebraic Formulae
Unit 4: Linear Equations
Unit 5: Indices
Unit 6: Coordinates and Graphs of Functions
Unit 7: Linear Inequalities
Unit 8: Trigonometry

iii
Each unit stands alone and can be used as a comprehensive revision of a particular topic.
Most of the units follow as much as possible the following layout:
Module Overview
Objectives
Teaching and Learning Strategies
Lesson Notes
Examples
Test Yourself
Answers

The Lesson Notes, Examples and Test Yourself in each unit can be used as
supplementary or reinforcement handouts to help pupils recall and understand the basic
concepts and skills needed in each topic.

Teachers are advised to study the whole unit prior to classroom teaching so as to familiarize
with its content. By completely examining the unit, teachers should be able to select any part
in the unit that best fit the needs of their pupils. It is reminded that each unit in this module is
by no means a complete lesson, rather as a supporting material that should be ingeniously
integrated into the Additional Mathematics teaching and learning processes.

At the outset, this module is aimed at furnishing pupils with the basic mathematics
foundation prior to the learning of Additional Mathematics, however the usage could be
broadened. This module can also be benefited by all pupils, especially those who are
preparing for the Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) Examination.

iv
PANEL OF CONTRIBUTORS

Advisors:

Haji Ali bin Ab. Ghani AMN

Director
Curriculum Development Division

Dr. Lee Boon Hua

Deputy Director (Humanities)
Curriculum Development Division

Mohd. Zanal bin Dirin

Deputy Director (Science and Technology)
Curriculum Development Division

Editorial Advisor:

Aziz bin Saad

Principal Assistant Director
(Head of Science and Mathematics Sector)
Curriculum Development Division

Editors:

Dr. Rusilawati binti Othman

Assistant Director
(Head of Secondary Mathematics Unit)
Curriculum Development Division

Aszunarni binti Ayob

Assistant Director
Curriculum Development Division

Rosita binti Mat Zain

Assistant Director
Curriculum Development Division
 Writers:

Abdul Rahim bin Bujang Hon May Wan

SM Tun Fatimah, Johor SMK Tasek Damai, Ipoh, Perak

Ali Akbar bin Asri Horsiah binti Ahmad

SM Sains, Labuan SMK Tun Perak, Jasin, Melaka

Amrah bin Bahari Kalaimathi a/p Rajagopal

SMK Dato Sheikh Ahmad, Arau, Perlis SMK Sungai Layar, Sungai Petani, Kedah

Aziyah binti Paimin Kho Choong Quan

SMK Kompleks KLIA, , Negeri Sembilan SMK Ulu Kinta, Ipoh, Perak

Bashirah binti Seleman Lau Choi Fong

SMK Sultan Abdul Halim, Jitra, Kedah SMK Hulu Klang, Selangor

Bibi Kismete binti Kabul Khan Loh Peh Choo

SMK Jelapang Jaya, Ipoh, Perak SMK Bandar Baru Sungai Buloh, Selangor

Che Rokiah binti Md. Isa Mohd. Misbah bin Ramli

SMK Dato Wan Mohd. Saman, Kedah SMK Tunku Sulong, Gurun, Kedah

Cheong Nyok Tai Noor Aida binti Mohd. Zin

SMK Perempuan, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah SMK Tinggi Kajang, Kajang, Selangor

Ding Hong Eng Noor Ishak bin Mohd. Salleh

SM Sains Alam Shah, Kuala Lumpur SMK Laksamana, Kota Tinggi, Johor

Esah binti Daud Noorliah binti Ahmat

SMK Seri Budiman, Kuala Terengganu SM Teknik, Kuala Lumpur

Haspiah binti Basiran Nor Aidah binti Johari

SMK Tun Perak, Jasin, Melaka SMK Teknik Setapak, Selangor

Noorliah binti Ahmat

SM Teknik, Kuala Lumpur

Ali Akbar bin Asri Nor Aidah binti Johari

SM Sains, Labuan SMK Teknik Setapak, Selangor

Amrah bin Bahari Nor Dalina binti Idris

SMK Dato Sheikh Ahmad, Arau, Perlis SMK Syed Alwi, Kangar, Perlis
 Writers:

Nor Dalina binti Idris Suhaimi bin Mohd. Tabiee

SMK Syed Alwi, Kangar, Perlis SMK Datuk Haji Abdul Kadir, Pulau Pinang

Norizatun binti Abdul Samid Suraiya binti Abdul Halim

SMK Sultan Badlishah, Kulim, Kedah SMK Pokok Sena, Pulau Pinang

Pahimi bin Wan Salleh Tan Lee Fang

Maktab Sultan Ismail, Kelantan SMK Perlis, Perlis

Rauziah binti Mohd. Ayob Tempawan binti Abdul Aziz

SMK Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi, Selangor SMK Mahsuri, Langkawi, Kedah

Rohaya binti Shaari Turasima binti Marjuki

SMK Tinggi Bukit Merajam, Pulau Pinang SMKA Simpang Lima, Selangor

Roziah binti Hj. Zakaria Wan Azlilah binti Wan Nawi

SMK Taman Inderawasih, Pulau Pinang SMK Putrajaya Presint 9(1), WP Putrajaya

Shakiroh binti Awang Zainah binti Kebi

SM Teknik Tuanku Jaafar, Negeri Sembilan SMK Pandan, Kuantan, Pahang

Sharina binti Mohd. Zulkifli Zaleha binti Tomijan

SMK Agama, Arau, Perlis SMK Ayer Puteh Dalam, Pendang, Kedah

Sim Kwang Yaw Zariah binti Hassan

SMK Petra, Kuching, Sarawak SMK Dato Onn, Butterworth, Pulau Pinang

Layout and Illustration:

Aszunarni binti Ayob Mohd. Lufti bin Mahpudz

Assistant Director Assistant Director
Curriculum Development Division Curriculum Development Division