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2.nhom Lenh Co Ban
2.nhom Lenh Co Ban
TP LNH C BN CA MATLAB
I. LNH C BN
Ch : Cc lnh u vit bng ch thng, nhng v tc gi mun vit hoa ngi xem tin
theo di.
1. Lnh ANS
a) Cng dng: (Purpose)
L bin cha kt qu mc nh.
b) Gii thch: (Description)
Khi thc hin mt lnh no m cha c bin cha kt qu, th MATLAB ly bin Ans lm
bin cha kt qu .
c) V d: (Examples)
2-1
ans = 1
2. Lnh CLOCK
a) Cng dng: (Purpose)
Thng bo ngy gi hin ti.
b) C php:(Syntax)
c = clock
c) Gii thch: (Description)
thng bo d c ta dng hm fix.
d) V d: (Examples)
c = clock
c=
1.0e+003*
2.0010 0.0040 0.0200 0.0030 0.0420 0.0501
c = fix(clock)
c = 2001 4 20 3 43 3
3. Lnh COMPUTER
a) Cng dng: (Purpose)
Cho bit h iu hnh ca my vi tnh ang s dng Matlab.
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
b) C php: (Syntax)
computer
[c,m] = computer
c) Gii thch: (Description)
c: cha thng bo h iu hnh ca my.
m: s phn t ca ma trn ln nht m my c th lm vic c vi Matlab.
d) V d: (Examples)
[c,m]=computer
c=
PCWIN
m=
2.1475e+009
4. Lnh DATE
a) Cng dng: (Purpose)
Thng bo ngy thng nm hin ti
b) C php: (Syntax)
s = date
c) V d:
s=date
s=
20-Apr-2001
5. Lnh CD
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn i th mc lm vic.
b) C php:
cd
cd diretory
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
cd ..
c) Gii thch:
cd: cho bit th nc hin hnh.
diretory: ng dn n th mc mun lm vic.
cd .. chuyn n th mc cp cao hn mt bc.
6. Lnh CLC
a) Cng dng:
Xa ca s lnh.
b) C php:
clc
c) V d:
clc, for i: 25, home, A = rand(5), end.
7. Lnh CLEAR
a) Cng dng:
Xa cc mc trong b nh.
b) C php:
clear
clear name
clear name1 name2 name3
clear functions
clear variables
clear mex
clear global
clear all
c) Gii thch:
clear: xa tt c cc bin khi vng lm vic.
clear name: xa cc bin hay hm c ch ra trong name.
clear functions: xa tt c cc hm trong b nh.
clear variables: xa tt c cc bin ra khi b nh.
clear mex: xa tt c cc tp tin .mex ra khi b nh.
clear: xa tt c cc bin chung.
clear all: xa tt c cc bin, hm, v cc tp tin .mex khi b nh. Lnh ny lm cho b nh
trng hon ton.
8. Lnh DELETE
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
a) Cng dng:
Xa tp tin v i tng ha.
b) C php:
delete filename
delete (n)
c) Gii thch:
file name: tn tp tin cn xa.
n: bin cha i tng ha cn xa. Nu i tng l mt ca s th ca s s ng li v
b xa.
9. Lnh DEMO
a) Cng dng:
Chy chng trnh mc nh ca Matlab.
b) C php:
demo
c) Gii thch:
demo: l chng trnh c sn trong trong Matlab, chng trnh ny minh ha mt s chc
nng ca Matlab.
10. Lnh DIARY
a) Cng dng:
Lu vng thnh file trn a.
b) C php:
diary filename
c) Gii thch:
filename: tn ca tp tin.
11. Lnh DIR
a) Cng dng:
Lit k cc tp tin v th mc.
b) C php:
dir
dir name
c) Gii thch:
dir: lit k cc tp tin v th mc c trong th mc hin hnh.
dir name: ng dn n th mc cn lit k.
12. lnh DISP
a) Cng dng:
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
Trnh by ni dung ca bin (x) ra mn hnh
b) C php:
disp (x)
c) gii thch:
x: l tn ca ma trn hay l tn ca bin cha chui k t, nu trnh by trc tip chui k t
th chui k t c t trong du
d) V d:
num=('Matlab')
num =
Matlab
disp(num)
Matlab
num=[2 0 0 1]
num =
2 0 0 1
disp(num)
2 0 0 1
num =
x=
1 9 77 20 4 2001
l=length(x)
l=
6
18. Lnh LOAD
a) Cng dng:
Np file t a vo vng lm vic.
b) C php:
load
load filename
load filename
load finame.extension
c) Gii thch:
load: np file matlap.mat
load filename: np file filename.mat
load filename.extension: np file filename.extension
Tp tin ny phi l tp tin dng ma trn c ngha l s ct ca hng di phi bng s ct ca
hng trn. Kt qu ta c mt ma trn c s ct v hng chnh l s ct v hng ca tp tin vn
bn trn.
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
19. Lnh LOOKFOR
a) Cng dng:
Hin th tt c cc lnh c lin quan n topic.
b) C php:
lookfor topic
c) Gii thch:
topic: tn lnh cn c hng dn.
20. Lnh PACK
a) Cng dng:
Sp xp li b nh trong vng lm vic.
b) C php:
pack
pack filename
c) Gii thch:
Nu nh khi s dng Matlap my tnh xut hin thng bo Out of memory th lnh pack c
th tm thy mt s vng nh cn trng m khng cn phi xa bt cc bin.
Lnh pack gii phng khng gian b nh cn thit bng cch nn thng tin trong vng nh
xung cc tiu. V Matlab qun l b nh bng phng php xp chng nn cc on chng
trnh Matlab c th lm cho vng nh b phn mnh. Do s c nhiu vng nh cn trng
nhng khng cha cc bin ln mi.
Lnh pack s thc hin:
+ lu tt c cc bin ln a trong mt tp tin tm thi l pack.tmp.
+ xa tt c cc bin v hm c trong b nh.
+ ly li cc bin t tp tin pack.tmp.
+ xa tp tin tm thi pack.tmp.
kt qu l trong vng nh cc bin c gp li hoc nn li ti a nn khng b lng
ph b nh.
Pack.finame cho php chn tn tp tin tm thi cha cc bin. Nu khng ch ra tn tp
tin tm thi th Matlab t ly tn tp tin l pack.tmp.
Nu dng lnh pack m my vn cn bo thiu b nh th bt buc phi xa bt cc bin
trong vng nh i.
21. Lnh PATH
a) Cng dng:
To ng dn, lit k tt c cc ng dn ang c.
b) C php:
path
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
p = path
path (p)
c) Gii thch:
path: lit k tt c cc dng dn ang c.
p: bin cha ng dn.
path (p): t ng dn mi.
d) V d:
t ng dn n th mc c:\lvtn\matlab
p = d:\DA\matlab;
path (p);
22. Lnh QUIT
a) Cng dng:
Thot khi Matlab.
b) C php:
quit
23. Lnh SIZE
a) Cng dng:
Cho bit s dng v s ct ca mt ma trn.
b) C php:
d = size (x)
[m,n] = size (x)
m = size (x,1)
n = size (x,2)
c) Gii thch:
x: tn ma trn.
d: tn vect c 2 phn t, phn t th nht l s dng, phn t cn li l s ct.
m,n: bin m cha s dng, bin n cha s ct
d) V d:
ta c ma trn a
x= 1 2 3 4
5 6 6 8
x=[1 2 3 4,5 6 7 8]
x=
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cc bn ch v cch nhp 1 ma trn:
x=[1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8]
x=
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
d=size(x)
d=
2 4
m=size(x,1)
m=
n=size(x,2)
n=
[m,n]=size(x)
m=
2
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
n=
4
24. Lnh TYPE
a) Cng dng:
Hin th ni dung ca tp tin.
b) C php:
type filename
c) Gii thch:
filename: tn file cn hin th ni dung.
Lnh ny trnh by tp tin c ch ra.
25. Lnh WHAT
a) Cng dng:
Lit k cc tp tin *.m, *.mat, *.mex.
b) C php:
what
what dirname
c) Gii thch:
what: lit k tn cc tp tin .m, .mat, .mex c trong th mc hin hnh.
dirname: tn th mc cn lit k.
26. Lnh WHICH
a) Cng dng:
Xc nh chc nng ca funname l hm ca Matlab hay tp tin.
b) C php:
which funname
c) Gii thch:
funname: l tn lnh trong Matlab hay tn tp tin
d) V d:
which inv
inv is a build-in function
which f
c:\matlab\bin\f.m
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
27. Lnh WHO, WHOS
a) Cng dng:
Thng tin v bin ang c trong b nh.
b) C php:
who
whos
who global
whos global
c) Gii thch:
who: lit k tt c cc tn bin ang tn ti trong b nh.
whos: lit k tn bin, kch thc, s phn t v xt cc phn o c khc 0 khng.
who global v whos: lit k cc bin trong vng lm vic chung.
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
* v d:
Php tnh ma trn Php tnh mng
1 4
x 2 y 5
3 6
x 123 y 4 5 6
5 -3
x+y 6 xy -3
7 -3
3 -3
x+2 4 x2 -3
5 -3
4
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
0 0 1/6 1/4
x/y 0 0 1/3 x./ y 2/5
0 0 1/2 1/2
1/2 1/2
x/2 1 x./ 2 1
3/2 3/2
1/2
x^y php ton sai x.^ y 32
729
1
x^2 php ton sai x.^ 2 4
9
2
2^x php ton sai 2.^ x 4
8
a) Gii thch:
Cc ton t quan h thc hin so snh tng thnh phn ca 2 ma trn. Chng to ra mt ma
trn c cng kch thc vi 2 ma trn so snh vi cc phn t l 1 nu php so snh l ng
v l 0 nu php so snh l sai.
Php so snh c ch u tin sau php ton s hc nhng trn php ton logic.
b) V d:
thc hin php so snh sau:
x=5 % u tin ta nhp x=5
x=
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=5
x=
5
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
A=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x>=A
ans =
1 1 1
1 1 0
0 0 0
x=
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
x==A % so snh x v A
ans = % tt c cc phn t u ng
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
x=
x==A % so snh x = A
ans =
0 0 0
0 1 0 % ch duy nht phn t 5=x (v x=5)
0 0 0
x<A
ans =
0 0 0
0 0 1
1 1 1
a) Gii thch:
Kt qu ca php ton l 1 nu php logic l ng v l 0 nu php logic l sai.
Php logic c ch u tin thp nht so vi php ton s hc v php ton so snh.
b) V d:
Khi thc hin php ton 3>4 & 1+ th my tnh s thc hin 1+2 c 3, sau ti 3>4 c
0 ri thc hin 0 & 3 v cui cng ta c kt qa l 0.
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
4. K t c bit (Special Characters):
5. du :
a) Cng dng:
To vector hoc ma trn ph v lp i lp li cc gi tr.
b) Gii thch:
a=
1 2 3
y=all(a)
y=
1
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
a=[1 0 3]
a=
1 0 3
y=all(a)
y=
a=
1 2 3
4 0 6
7 8 9
y=all(a)
y=
1 0 1
a=
1 2 0
0 3 5
2 6 8
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
y=all(a)
y=
0 1 0
2. Lnh ANY
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra vector hay ma trn c gi tr khc 0 hay khng.
b) C php:
y = any(x)
c) Gii thch:
y: bin cha kt qu.
x: tn vector, hay ma trn.
y = 1 khi c 1 phn t khc 0.
y = 0 khi c 1 phn t bng 0.
d) V d:
a=[1 2 3];
y=any(a)
y=
b=[1 0 3 0];
y=any(b)
y=
c=
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
1 2 0 4
0 2 0 4
1 2 3 4
3 4 5 6
y=any(c)
y=
1 1 1 1
d=[0 0 0 0;0 1 3 0]
d=
0 0 0 0
0 1 3 0
y=any(d)
y=
0 1 1 0
3. Lnh EXIST
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra bin hay file c tn ti hay khng.
b) C php:
e = exist(item)
c) Gii thch:
item: l tn file hay tn bin.
e: bin cha gi tr tr v.
e Y ngha
0 item khng tn ti trong vng lm vic
1 item l bin ang tn ti trong vng lm vic
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
d) V d:
e = exist(dir)
e=5
4. Lnh FIND
a) Cng dng:
Tm phn t trong vector hay ma trn theo yu cu.
b) C php:
k = find(x)
[i,j] = find(x)
[i,j,s] = find(x)
c) Gii thch:
k: ch v tr ca phn t cn tm trong vector.
i,j: ch s hng v s ct tng ng ca phn t cn tm.
s: cha gi tr ca phn t cn tm.
x: tn vector, ma trn hay l yu cu ra. Nu khng nu ra yu cu th mc nhin l tm
cc phn t khc 0.
d) V d:
x=[1 8 0 2 3 0]
x=
1 8 0 2 3 0
k=find(x)
k=
1 2 4 5
k=[3 6]
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
k=
3 6
a=[5 0 0;8 0 3]
a=
5 0 0
8 0 3
[i,j,k]=find(a)
i=
1
2
2
j=
1
1
3
k=
5
8
3
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
ans =
200000000
2. Lnh FOR
a) Cng dng:
Dng thc hin 1 cng vic cn lp i lp li theo mt quy lut, vi s bc lp xc nh
trc.
b) C php:
for bin iu khin = gi tr u : gi tr cui,
thc hin cng vic;
end
c) Gii thch:
Cng vic chnh l cc lnh cn thi hnh, c th c nhiu lnh, kt thc lnh phi c du;
d) V d:
In ra mn hnh 5 dng PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban.
for i = 1:5,
disp(PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban);
end
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
PHAM QUOC TRUONG chao cac ban
3. Lnh FUNCTION
a) Cng dng:
To thm hm mi.
b) C php:
function s = n(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: tn bin cha gi tr tr v sau khi thi hnh hm.
n: tn gi nh.
d) V d: ( phn lp trong M.file)
4. Lnh INPUT
a) Cng dng:
Dng nhp vo 1 gi tr.
b) C php:
tn bin = input (promt)
tn bin = input (promt, s)
c) Gii thch:
tn bin, l ni lu gi tr ngp vo.
promt: chui k t mun nhp vo.
s: cho bit gi tr nhp vo l nhiu k t.
d) V d1:
x = input(nhp gi tr ca bin x: )
nhp gi tr ca bin x: 5
x=5
e) V d2:
tr_li = input(bn c mun tip tc khng ? ,s)
bn c mun tip tc khng ? khng
tr_li = khng
s1 =
BT4a
nhap n= 4
s2 =
BT4a
nhap n= -6
Ban nhap sai BT4a
nhap n= 0
V. TP LNH X L CHUI
1. Lnh ABS
a) Cng dng:
To vector n c gi tr ca mi phn t l s th t tng ng vi k t trong bng m
ASCII.
Ly tr tuyt i ca mt s m.
b) C php:
n = ABS(s)
x = ABS(a)
c) Gii thch:
n: tn vector.
s: chui k t, hoc l tn bin cha chui k t.
a: s m, hoc l tn bin cha s m.
x: tr tuyt i ca a.
d) V d:
n=abs('PHAM QUOC TRUONG')
n=
Columns 1 through 12
80 72 65 77 32 81 85 79 67 32 84 82
Columns 13 through 16
85 79 78 71
m=abs('MATLAB')
m=
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
77 65 84 76 65 66
U=abs('abc')
U=
97 98 99
T=abs(-1)
T=
1
2. Lnh BLANKS
a) Cng dng:
To khong trng gia hai hay nhiu chui k t theo mong mun.
b) C php:
[S1 BLANKS(b1) S2 BLANKS(b2) BLANKS(bn) Sn]
c) Gii thch:
S1, S2, Sn: cc chui k t.
b1, b2: s khong trng.
d) V d:
In 4 chui Khao sat,ng dng, MATLAB, trong iu khin t ng ra mn hnh vi
khong cch ln lt gia 4 chui l: 2,4,3
S=['Khao sat'blanks(2) 'ung dung'blanks(4) 'MATLAB'blanks(3) 'trong dieu khien tu dong']
S=
5. Lnh INT2STR
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn s nguyn sang dng chui.
Chuyn cc k t trong mt chui sang s th t tng ng trong bng m ASCII.
b) C php:
kq = INT
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin STR(n)cha kt qu.
n: tn bin cn chuyn.
Nu n l s nguyn th kq l chui k s.
Nu n l chui k t th kq l s tng ng trong bng m ASCII
d) V d:
n='MATLAB'
n=
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
MATLAB
t=int2str(n)
t=
77 65 84 76 65 66
n=2001
n=
2001
t=int2str(n)
t=
2001
6. Lnh ISSTR
a) Cng dng:
Kim tra ni dung bin c phi l chui k t khng.
b) C php:
kq = isstr(n)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin cha kt qu.
n: tn bin cn kim tra.
kq = 1 nu n l chui k t.
0 nu n khng l chui k t.
d) V d:
n='MATLAB';
kq=isstr(n)
kq =
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
1
m=[1 2 3 4];
kq=isstr(m)
kq =
0
7. Lnh LOWER
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra chui k t vit thng.
b) C php:
b = lower(s)
c) Gii thch:
b: bin cha kt qu.
s: tn bin cha chui k t hay chui k t.
d) V d:
a='DO AN cua pHAm quOC TRuOnG';
b=lower(a)
b=
kq =
3.1416
9. Lnh SETSTR
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra k t tng ng vi s th t trong bng m ASCII.
b) C php:
x = Set Str(n)
c) Gii thch:
x: bin cha k t tng ng (thuc bng m ASCII).
n: s nguyn (0 n 255).
d) V d:
Tm k t c s th t l 65 trong bng m ASCII.
kt=setstr(65)
kt =
A
10. Lnh STR2MAT
a) Cng dng:
To ma trn c cc phn t dng chui.
b) C php:
s = str2mat(s1, s2, )
c) Gii thch:
s: tn ma trn kt qu.
s1, s2: chui k t.
d) V d:
s = str2mat(mat, lab)
s=
mat
lab
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
11. Lnh STR2NUM
a) Cng dng:
Chuyn chui (dng s) sang s thc.
b) C php:
n = str2num(s)
c) Gii thch:
s: chui dng s.
n: s thc.
d) V d:
n = str2num(456456)
n = 456456
12. Lnh STRCMP
a) Cng dng:
So snh 2 chui k t.
b) C php:
l = strcmp(s1, s2)
c) Gii thch:
l: bin cha kt qu.
s1, s2: chui cn so snh.
d) V d:
a = MatLab WoRkS
b = MatLab WoRkS
strcmp(a,b)
ans = 1
13. Lnh UPPER
a) Cng dng:
Cho ra chui vit hoa.
b) C php:
b = upper
c) Gii thch:
b: bin cha kt qu.
s: tn bin cha chui k t.
d) V d:
a = MaTlab WORks
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
b = upper(a)
b = MATLAB
b = upper(MaTlab WORks)
b= MATLAB WORKS
VII. CC HM TON HC C BN
1. Mt s hm lng gic:
a) C php:
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
kq = hlg(x)
b) Gii thch:
kq: tn bin cha kt qu.
x: n v radian.
hlg: tn hm lng gic.
y x
0 s 0
1 s dng
-1 s m
d) V d:
x= 2 0 -3 0.5
y = sugn(x)
y= 1 0 -1 1
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
16. Lnh SQRT
a) Cng dng:
Tnh cn bc hai.
b) C php:
y = sqrt(x)
c) V d:
x=4
y = sqrt(x)
y=2
9. Lnh MAX
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr ln nht.
b) C php:
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
m = max(x)
[m,i] = max(x) v = max(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v:tn vector.
m: gi tr ln nht.
i: v tr ca m.
Nu x l ma trn tm ra gi tr ln nht ca mi ct.
d) V d:
x=3 5 2 1 4
m= max(x)
m=5
[m,i] = max(x)
m =5
i =2
y= 1 6 8 -5 3
v =max(x,y)
v=3 6 8 1 4
b=
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = max(b)
m=3 8 9
[m,i] = max(b)
m= 3 8 9
i=1 3 2
a=
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = max(a,b)
v=
3 6 6
7 7 9
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
4 8 8
10. Lnh MEAN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr trung bnh.
b) C php:
M hnh = mean(a)
c) Gii thch:
m: bin cha kt qa.
a: tn vector hay ma trn cn tnh gi tr trung bnh.
Nu a l ma trn th tnh gi tr trung bnh ca mi ct.
d) V d:
b=1 10 1 2 5
m = mean(b)
m = 3.8000
a=
1 3 5
9 1 2
4 2 1
m = mean(a)
m = 4.6667 2.0000 2.6667
11. Lnh MIN
a) Cng dng:
Tm gi tr nh nht
b) C php:
m = min(x)
[m,i] = min(x)
v = min(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
x,y,v: tn vector.
m: l gi tr ln nht.
i: l v tr ca m.
N x l ma trn tm ra gi tr nh nht trong mi ct.
d) V d:
x=3 5 2 1 4
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
m = min(x)
m=1
i =4
y =1 6 8 -5 3
v = min(x,y)
v=1 5 2 -5 3
b=
3 6 2
1 7 9
2 8 1
m = min(b)
m=1 6 1
i=2 1 3
a=
0 3 6
7 1 1
4 6 8
v = min(a,b)
v=
0 3 2
1 1 1
2 6 1
12. Lnh PROD
a) Cng dng:
Nhn cc phn t.
b) C php:
p = prod(x)
c) Gii thch:
p: bin cha kt qu.
x: tn ma trn hay dy s.
Nu l ma trn nhn tng phn t cu mi ct.
d) V d:
a=2 3 4 5
p = prod(a)
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
p = 20
b=
2 2 3
5 6 4
7 5 4
p =prot(b)
p =70 60 48
13. Lnh ROOTS
a) Cng dng:
Tm nghim ca a thc.
b) C php:
r = roots(p)
c) Gii thch:
r: bin cha kt qu.
p: tn biu thc.
d) V d:
Tm nghim cu phng trnh: x2-1 =0
p = [1 0 -1]
r = roots(p);
disp(r)
-1.0000
1.0000
14. Lnh SORT
a) Cng dng:
Sp xp mng hay ma trn theo th t tng dn.
b) C php:
kq = sort(x)
[kq,i] = sort(x)
c) Gii thch:
kq: bin ch kt qu.
i: s th t cu phn t trc khi sp xp.
Nu x l ma trn th sp xp theo th t tng dn ca tng ct.
d) V d:
a=2 8 5 6 -3 9
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
kq = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
[kq,i] = sort(a)
kq = -3 2 5 6 8 9
i= 5 1 3 4 2 6
b=
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
kq =sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 4 2
3 6 5
[kq,i] = sort(b)
kq =
1 -3 -4
2 1 2
3 6 5
i=
3 2 1
2 1 3
1 3 2
15. Lnh SUM
a) Cng dng:
Tnh tng ca cc phn t.
b) C php:
s = sum(x)
c) Gii thch:
s: l bin cha kt qu.
x: l tn ma trn.
Nu x l ma trn th s l tng ca cc ct.
d) V d:
a= 2 8 5 6 -3 9
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
s = sum(a)
s = 27
b=
3 4 -4
2 -3 5
1 6 2
s = sum(b)
s=6 7 3
X. TP LNH HA
1. Lnh AXES
a) Cng dng:
t cc trc ta ti v tr nh trc.
b) C php:
axes(propertyname, propertyvalue )
c) Gii thch:
Tng ng vi mt propertyname i km vi 1 propertyvalue.
1. position,[left, bottom, width, height]: nh v tr v kch thc ca trc.
left: khong cch t mp tri ca s n trc ng.
bottom: khong cch t mp di ca s n trc ngang.
width: chiu di ca trc ngang.
height: chiu cao trc ng.
Ghi ch:
Lun ly im [0,0] lm gc ta .
Trc ngang v trc ng c gi tr trong khong [0 1] v chia theo t l thch hp
*/ V d:
axes(position,[.1 .1 .8 .6])
2. xlim, [min,max]: nh gi tr nh nht v ln nht trn trc x.
*/ V d:
axes(xlim, [2 5])
3. ylim, [min,max]: nh gi tr nh nht v ln nht trn trc y.
*/ V d:
axes(ylim, [2 5])
nh gi tr trn c hai trc
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
axes(xlim, [min,max], ylim,[min,max])
2. Lnh AXIS
a) Cng dng:
Chia li trc ta .
b) C php:
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax])
axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax])
axis on
axis off
c) Gii thch:
xmin, ymin, zmin: l gi tr nh nht ca cc trc x, y, z.
xmax, ymax, zmax: l gi tr ln nht ca cc trc x, y, z.
on: cho hin th trc ta .
off: khng cho hin th trc ta .
3. Lnh BAR
a) Cng dng:
V th dng ct.
b) C php:
bar(x,y)
c) Gii thch:
V gi tr x theo gi tr y.
d) V d:
x = -pi:0.2:pi;
bar(x,sin(x));
grid on
title(Do thi ham sin(x) dang thanh)
xlabel(truc x (rad))
ylabel(y = sin(x))
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
4. Lnh CLA
a) Cng dng:
Xa tt c cc i tng nh: ng th, tn thnhng khng xa trc ta .
b) C php:
cla
5. Lnh CLF
a) Cng dng:
Xa hnh nh ( th) hin ti.
b) C php:
clf
6. Lnh CLOSE
a) Cng dng:
ng hnh nh ( th) hin ti.
b) C php:
close
7. Lnh COLORMAP
a) Cng dng:
To mu sc cho th trong khng gian 3 chiu.
b) C php:
colormap(map)
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
colormap(default)
c) Gii thch:
Colormap l s trn ln ca 3 mu c bn: red, green, blue. Ty theo t l ca 3 mu c bn
m cho ra cc mu sc khc nhau.
default: mu c c l mu mc nh.
map: bin cha cc thng s sau:
Map mu c c
Bone gray + blue
Cool cyan + magenta
Flag red + white + blue + black
Gray gray
Hot black + red + yellow + white
Pink pink
8. Lnh FIGURE
a) Cng dng:
To mi hnh nh ( th).
b) C php:
figure
9. Lnh GCA
a) Cng dng:
To cc c tnh cho trc.
b) C php:
h = gca
c) Gii thch:
h: l bin gn cho lnh cga.
Cc c tnh ca trc gm c:
K t Mu
y Vng
m ti
c L
r
g Lc
b Lam
w Trng
k en
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
- Thnh phn th hai l cc k t ch nt v ca th:
K t Loi nt v
- ng lin nt
: ng chm chm
-. ng gch chm
-- ng nt t on
- Thnh phn th ba l cc k t ch loi im nh du gm:., o, x, +, *
d) V d:
V th hm y = sin(x) vi th mu lam, ng lin nt v nh du cc im c chn
bng du *, trc x thay i t 0 ti 2, mi bc thay i l /8
x = 0:pi/8:2*pi;
y = sin(x);
plot(x,y, b-* )
ylabel(y = sin(x))
xlabel(Truc x)
title(Do thi ham y = sin(x))
grid on
d) V d:
a = [1 2 3 4 5 4 3 4 5 6];
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
h = plot(a)
set(h,color,black)
k=5;
n=2^k-1;
[x,y,z]=sphere(n);
c=hadamard(2^k);
surf(x,y,z,c);
colormap([1 1 0;0 1 1])
pause
t=0:pi/10:2*pi;
[x,y,z]=cylinder(2+cos(t));
surf(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=cylinder(1:10);
surfnorm(x,y,z)
pause
[x,y,z]=meshgrid(-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2,-2:.2:2);
v=x.*exp(-x.^2-y.^2-z.^2);
slice(v,[5 15 21],21,[1 10],21)
pause
[X,Y]=meshgrid(-3:.5:3);
Z=peaks(X,Y);
[XI,YI]=meshgrid(-3:.25:3);
ZI=interp2(X,Y,Z,XI,YI);
mesh(X,Y,Z), hold, mesh(XI,YI,ZI+15)
hold off
axis([-3 3 -3 3 -5 20])
pause
syms x y
ezsurf(real(atan(x+i*y)))
[x,y]=meshdom(-12:.6:12,-12:.6:12);
r=sqrt(x.^2+y.^2);
z=bessel(0,r);
Kho st ng dng MATLAB trong iu khin t ng
m=[-45 60];
mesh(z,m)