Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (Juj) 2016 Spm.

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MODUL
BAHASA INGGERIS
1119
PROJEK JAWAB UNTUK JAYA (JUJ) 2016
Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

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Preface
Assalamualaikum w.b.t.
Dear teachers and students,
This JUJ (Jawab Untuk Jaya) English Language module is actually the first move in our
efforts to come up with a comprehensive module of 1119 English Language teaching.
This module provides simple and step-by-step guides and practices which aim to help
teachers assist students the better ways in answering 1119 exam questions.
It is our hope that this module can be of great help to all English teachers to improve their
students performance.
Thank you.

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Content:
1. Preface
2. Content
3. Directed Writing
- Article
- Informal letter
- Speech
- Formal letter
- Report
4. Continuous Writing
5. Grammar
6. Rational Cloze
7. Reading Comprehension and Summary
8. Poem
- The Living Photograph
- The Charge of The Light Brigade
- A Poison Tree
- What Has Happened To Lulu?
9. Captain Nobody
- Notes
- Practices
- Personal Response
10. Panel members

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DIRECTED
WRITING

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1119/1
DIRECTED WRITING
35 marks
45 minutes
Format 3 marks
Content points 12 marks
Language 20 marks
FORMAT:
1. ARTICLE
OUR HERO F1
Title
by Alina F2
Writers name
F3
.................... wish him all the best for his future. Ending
(wish/hope)

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2. FORMAL LETTER
Consumer Club, F1
SMK Kuantan, Senders
25000 Kuantan.
&
The Manager,
SKF Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Recipients address
472, Jalan Kuantan,
52000 Kuala Lumpur.
F2
03 March 2016 Date
&
Dear sir, ( ONLY USE THIS) Salutation (Dear sir)
PERMISSION TO VISIT YOUR FACTORY F3

Title
&
Yours faithfully, (ONLY USE THIS) Signing off

David (Yours faithfully)
David Tan
Consumer Club Secretary (STATE YOUR NAME AND POST)
3. INFORMAL LETTER
123, Taman ABC, F1
25000 Kuantan. Senders address
3 March 2016 F2
Dear Atilia, (name) Salutation (Dear name)
Your friend, (DO NOT USE Yours faithfully) F3

Betty Signing off

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4. REPORT
To: Mr Lee F1
Principal To
SMK Kuantan
REPORT ON THE SCHOOL SPORTS EQUIPMENT F2

Title
(REPORT ON..)
Reported by, F3
Lee From
LEE LI LI (Reported by
Secretary & name
Sports Committee & post)
5. SPEECH
F1
Good morning ........ Greetings (Good morning)
I am going to give a speech entitled Healthy Lifestyle in F2

accordance with Worlds Health Day Speech title & purpose
......... Thank you. F3

Ending (Thank you)

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CRITERIA FOR MARKING SCHEME FOR DIRECTED WRITING LANGUAGE

MARK DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA
RANGE
The language is accurate apart from occasional draft slips.
Sentence structure is varied and shows that the candidate is able to use sentence
length and type to achieve an intended effect.
A Vocabulary shows some sophistication and is used with precision.
Punctuation is correct.
19 - 20 Spelling is correct across the whole range of vocabulary used.
Paragraphs have unity.
The tone is appropriate.
The language is almost accurate but there may be more minor of first draft slips.
Errors may also arise from more ambitious structures which are imperfectly
understood.
B Sentences show some variations in length and type, including the confident use
of complex sentences.
16 - 18 Vocabulary is wide enough to show intended meaning.
Spelling is nearly always accurate.
The tone is informal and appropriate to the intended person. The reader is
satisfied that a genuine attempt has been made.
The language is largely accurate to communicate meaning clearly to the reader.
Simple structures are used without errors; mistakes may occur when more
sophisticated structures are attempted.
Vocabulary is adequate to convey intended meaning although it may not be
sufficiently developed to achieve precision.
C Sentences show some variety of length and structures although there is a
tendency to repeat some sentence types, giving it a monotonous effect.
13 - 15 Punctuation is generally accurate although errors may occur in more complex
uses.
Must be written in paragraphs which show some unity, although links may be
absent or inappropriate.
Slang or formal language is used from time to time.
The language is sufficiently accurate.
There will be patches of clarity particularly when simple structures are used.
Mistakes will occur when more complex sentences are used.
There may be some variety of sentence length and type but this may not be
successful in enhancing meaning or arousing interest.
D Vocabulary is adequate but lacks precision.
Simple words spelt correctly,but errors occur when unfamiliar words are used
10 - 12
Punctuation is generally correct but does not enhance or clarify meaning.
Sentence separation errors may occur.
Must be written in paragraphs which may show some unity in topic. Lapse in
slang or formal language may occur consistently.
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Meaning is never in doubt, but single errors are sufficiently frequent and serious
to hamper precision and speed of reading.
Some simple structures will be accurate but accuracy is not sustained for long.
Vocabulary is limited and either too simple to convey precise meaning or are
E imperfectly understood.
Simple words will usually be spelt accurately but mistakes will occur when more
7-9 difficult words are used.
Must have paragraphs but these lack unity and links are incorrectly used or the
speech may not be paragraphed at all. There may be errors of sentences
separation and punctuation.
The tone may be appropriate.
Meaning is fairly clear.
The reader feels that the correction of single word errors may produce a piece
of fairly accurate English, but the incidence of error is high and will definitely
impede the reading.
U (i) Very few simple structures are used accurately.
Vocabulary may not extend beyond a simple range of words that are inadequate
4-6 to express intended shades of meaning.
Paragraphs will sometimes be used correctly but sentence separation errors may
occur.
Paragraphs may not be used, or if used, show a lack of planning.
There may be frequent spelling errors.
The style may not be appropriate.
Sense will usually be decipherable, but some of the errors will be multiple,
U (ii) requiring the reader to re-read and re-organise before meaning becomes clear
Whole sections may make little or no sense.
2-3 Unlikely to be more than one or two accurate sentences.
Scripts in this category are entirely impossible to reorganise as pieces of English.
Whole sections may make no sense at all or are copied from the task.
U (iii) Award 1 mark if some sense can be obtained.
The mark 0 should only be awarded if the composition makes no sense at all,
0-1 from the beginning to the end.

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ARTICLE
PRACTICE 1 - Environment
Haze has been an ongoing problem in many countries in the Southeast Asia region, and Malaysia
is one of the worst affected countries. As the President of the Nature Club of your school, you
have been asked by your teacher to write an article about the effects of haze on our health and
the precautionary steps to be taken.
Using the notes below, write your article.
Effects:
eye, nose, and throat irritation
asthma attacks
heart failure
Precautions to take:
indoors
a mask
bathe regularly
exercise indoors
outdoor activities
balanced food
a lot of water
air-conditioned room
When writing the article, you should remember to:

give a suitable title
write your name as the writer
include all the information given
Suggest two possible actions the authority can take to prevent haze from getting worse

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Guideline for Students
. F1 Title
. F2 Name
Introduction
.. C1
.. C1 - elaboration
.. C2
.. C2 - elaboration
.. C3
.. C3 - elaboration
..
.. C4
.. C4 - elaboration
.. C5
.. C5 - elaboration
.. C6
.. C6 - elaboration
..
.... C7
.. C7 - elaboration

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.. C8
.. C8 - elaboration
. C9
.. C9 - elaboration
.... C10
.. C10 - elaboration
.. C11
.. C12
..
.. F3 Ending
(hope/wish)
Guideline for Elaboration- Students
Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration
Introduction Provide a statistic on air Example:

(Para 1) pollution index. What is the current Malaysia air pollution
Relate the statistic to the index?
topic. How does it affect the environment?
Provide thesis statement.
Content C1 - eye, nose, and throat Example:
(Para 2) irritation What are the effects of haze on our health?
The effects C2 - asthma attacks Who are likely to be affected by haze?
C3 - heart failure. Why / How / When / Where

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Content C4 - indoors Example:

(Para 3) Why should we stay indoors?
Who are advised to stay indoors?
Precautions to What / When / Where / How
take C5 - a mask Example:
Why should we wear a mask?
Who are advised to wear a mask?
What / When / Where / How
What / When / Where / How
C6 - bathe regularly Example:
Why should we bathe regularly?
How many times a day should we bathe?
What / When / Where / Who
C7 - exercise indoors Example:
Why should we exercise indoors?
State examples of indoor exercises.
Who / When / Where / How
C8 - outdoor Example:
activities Why should we avoid the outdoor activities?
State examples of outdoor activities.
Who / When / Where / How
Content C9 - balanced food Example:
(Para 4) Why should we eat balanced food?
State examples of balanced food
Precautions Who / When / Where / How
to take C10 - a lot of water Example:
Why should we drink a lot of water?
How many glasses of water should we drink?
Who / When / Where / What
C11 - air-conditioned Example:
room Why should we use air-conditioned room?
Who / When / Where / How / What
Content C12 - Action 1:

(Para 5)
Actions the
authority can C13 - Action 2:
take
Conclusion Example:
(Para 5) hope / wish Include Prevention is better than cure
Include Health is Wealth

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INFORMAL LETTER
PRACTICE 2 - Health
One of your friends is worried about the dengue cases reported in his/ her neighbourhood. Write
a letter to your friend, informing him/her about the symptoms of dengue and advising him/her
on dengue treatment and how to prevent it.
Use the notes below to write your letter.
Symptoms
- sudden high fever
- pain behind the eyes
- nausea vomiting
- skin rash
Treatments
- a lot of rest
- plenty of water
- clinic or hospital
Precautions
- mosquito net and repellent
- long sleeved shirt when outdoor
- breeding areas
When writing your letter, you should remember to include the following:
address
salutation
closing
all the notes given
Recommend two effective programmes your friends neighbourhood can organize to raise
public awareness on the danger of dengue

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..
.. F1 address
..
.. Date
Dear ., F2 name
... Introduction
(from the rubric)
. C1
C1 - elaboration
C2
C2 - elaboration
C3
C3 - elaboration
C4
C4 - elaboration
. C5
C5 - elaboration
C6
C6 - elaboration

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C7
C7 - elaboration
C8
.. C8 - elaboration
..
. C9
C9 - elaboration
C10
C10 - elaboration
C11
C11 - elaboration
C12
C12 - elaboration
. Closing
(hope/wish)
Your friend, F3 signing off
..

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Introduction Provide a report on Example:

(Para 1) dengue fever in the What is the current issue on dengue?
neighbourhood How does it affect Malaysians?
Relate the report to the Who got affected by dengue?
topic. How did the persons get affected?
Provide thesis statement.
Content What are the symptoms of dengue?
(Para 2) C1 - Sudden high fever Explain the symptoms.
C2 - Pain behind the eyes - Sudden high fever temperature
Symptoms C3 - Nausea vomiting - Pain behind the eyes reddened
C4 - Skin rash - Nausea vomiting - severe
- Skin rash part of the body
Who / When / Where / Why
Content What are the necessary treatments of
(Para 3) C5 A lot of rest dengue?
C6 - Plenty of water Get a lot of rest State the ways.
Treatment C7 Clinic or hospital Drink plenty of fluids amount of
water
Clinic or hospital- Why do you need
to see a doctor?
Who / When / Where
Content What should we do to prevent
(Para 4) C8 - Mosquito net and dengue?
repellent Why do you use mosquito net and
Prevention C9 - Long sleeved shirt repellent?
when outdoor Why should you wear long sleeved
C10 Breeding areas shirt when outdoor? / State other examples
of attires.
What should you do to destroy
breeding areas?
Famous saying:
- Prevention is better than cure
- An apple a day keeps the doctor
away
Content C11 Programme 1:
(Para 5)
Useful C12 - Programme 2 :

programmes
Conclusion Closing Refer to the rubric
(Para 6) Famous saying
- Health is wealth
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SPEECH
PRACTICE 3 People
Your friend, Gurjit, was involved in an accident a few years ago. As a result, he is now disabled.
However, he became a better accomplished person and has contributed a lot to the society. As
Gurjits best friend, you are asked to give a speech during the school assembly about his
contribution.
Use the following notes to help you.
Before the accident

smart but a playful boy
took things for granted
did not have motivation to succeed
The accident
14 years old
was hit by a car while riding a motorbike
paralysed lower half of his body
After the accident

became a better person
involved in charity work
has impressive achievements
joined the Paralympics
When writing your speech, remember to:

greet your audience
mention the purpose of the speech
include all the points given
end your speech appropriately
provide two lessons that you learn from Gurjits story

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.. F1 - greeting
F2 purpose or
title of speech
C1
.. C1 - elaboration
.. C2
.. C2 - elaboration
.. C3
.. C3 - elaboration
.. C4
.. C4 - elaboration
..
C5
.. C5 - elaboration
.. C6
.. C6 - elaboration
.. C7
.. C7 - elaboration
.. C8

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.. C8 - elaboration
..... C9
. C9 - elaboration
.. C10
.. C11
.. C12
..
Closing
(hope/wish)
..
..
F3 thank you

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Para Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction Greeting Who is he?
(Para 1) Purpose of speech What is his relationship to you?
Para 2 C1- smart and playful boy What was one example of the mischief?
C2- took things for granted What happened as a result of his behaviour?
Before the C3- did not have In general, what kind of person was he?
accident motivation to succeed Why / When / Where / How
Para 3 C4- 14 years old Where was he heading to when he was riding
C5- hit by a car while his motorbike?
The riding a motorbike Describe the gruesome accident briefly.
accident C6- paralysed lower half Describe his physical condition.
of his body When / Why / How
Para 4 C7- became a better Use the expression turn over a new leaf
person What are some of his achievements?
After the C8- involved in charity When did he join the Paralympics and in what
accident work event?
C9- has impressive Why / Where / How
achievements
C10- even joined the
Paralympics
Para 5 C11 Lesson 1:
Lessons C12 Lesson 2 :

learnt
Conclusion End of speech
(Para 5) (hope/wish) Advise other students not to give up.
Include the expression strike while the iron is
hot / make hay while the sun shines.

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FORMAL LETTER
PRACTICE 4 Science & Technology
You have been selected to further your studies in one of the local universities. Write a letter of
application to Yayasan Pahang applying for a scholarship based on the notes below.
Personal details
! Name
! Age
! Family background
Education background
! Primary school
! Secondary school
Co-curricular involvement
! Sports
! Clubs
! Uniformed Body
Achievement
! Represent state Robotics Competition
! Awarded as Innovative Students of the Year
When writing the letter, you should remember to:
lay out the letter correctly (addresses, date, salutation, title, closing)
use all the notes given
include two other points why you need to apply for the scholarship

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..
F1 - senders
address &
recipient address
.. F2 date &
Dear sir
.. F3 - Title &
..
.. Introduction
..
C1
.. C1 & elaboration
.. C2
.. C2 & elaboration
.. C3
.. C3 & elaboration
.. C4
.. C4 & elaboration

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C5
.. C5 & elaboration
.. C6
.. C6 & elaboration
.. C7
.. C7 & elaboration
.. C8
.. C8 & elaboration
C9
.. C9 & elaboration
.. C10
C10 &
.. elaboration
.. C11
.. C11 &
.. elaboration
.. C12
.. C12 &
.. elaboration
.. Closing
.. F3 signing off
(with name)
..

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Introduction Objective of the letter What is you purpose of writing the

(Para 1) letter
Content What is your name?
(Para 2) C1 name How old are you?
C2 age What is your fathers job?
Personal C3 family background What is your mothers job?
Details Where / When / Why / Who
Content Where did you go during your

(Para 3) C4 primary school primary school?
C5 secondary school Which school did you go in
Education secondary level?
Background When / Why / What / How / Who
Content Name the kind of sports you were

(Para 4) C6 sports involved in?
C7 club What club did you join in school?
C8 uniformed body What position did you hold in the
Co- club?
curricular State one of the uniformed bodies
Involvement that you participated in
When / Where / Why / How / Who
Content List your best achievements in

(Para 5) C9 represent state school.
Robotics competition What is your positive attribute and
Achievement C10 awarded as how does it affect your performance.
& Strength Innovative Student of the Why / How / When / Where
Year
Content C11 Reason 1:

(Para 6)
C12 Reason 2:
Conclusion Closing I hope you will give us a favourable

(hope/wish) reply soon.
I would be very honoured if
I sincerely hope that you will give
me a positive response.

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REPORT
PRACTICE 5 Social Issue
Disciplinary cases have been an ongoing problem occurring in many schools in our country
nowadays. As the Head Prefect of your school, you have been asked by your teacher to write a
report about the problems and suggestions to solve this matter.
Use the notes given below to write your report
Problems:
smoking
bullying
gangsterism
vandalism
playing truant
theft
Suggestions
counselling session
parents attention
motivational talk
ongoing monitoring
When writing the report, you should remember to:
address your report to the Principal

provide a title
include your name
use all the notes given
suggest two other ways the community can contribute in solving disciplinary problems

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F1 To (persons
position)
. F2- Title
Introduction :
.. (from the rubric)
..
C1
.. C1 - elaboration
. C2
C2 - elaboration
. C3
C3 - elaboration
C4
.. C4 - elaboration
. C5
C5 - elaboration
. C6
C6 - elaboration
C7

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.. C7 - elaboration
. C8
C8 - elaboration
. C9
C9 - elaboration
C10
. C11
C11 - elaboration
. C12
C12 - elaboration
Closing
.. (hope/wish)
..
. F3 Signing off
(with name and
(..) position)
..

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Introduction Provide a general What is the major concern of disciplinary

(Para 1) view on the topic case occurring especially in your school?
Provide thesis How does it affect the school environment?
statement.
Content C1 smoking What are the causes for the students to be
(Para 2) C2- bullying involved in such disciplinary cases?
Problems C3- gangsterism Why do such cases happen?
Content C4- vandalism Who are likely to be affected in such
C5- playing truant cases?
(Para 3)
C6- theft How does it affect you as students in that
Problems
school?
When / Where
Content C7- counselling session What are the ways to prevent such cases
(Para 4) C8- parents attention from spreading around?
Suggestions C9- motivational talk Who are responsible to prevent such
C10 ongoing disciplinary cases from worsening?
monitoring Why it is important to monitor the
Content C11 students progress (peer influence)?
(Para 5) What will happen to the students if they
C12 fail to follow the school rules?
Communitys When / Where / How
contribution How can the community help in solving
disciplinary cases?
What is the benefit if the community is
involved?
Conclusion Closing Include spare the rod and spoil the child
(Para 6)
(hope/wish)

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CONTINUOUS
WRITING

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1119/1
CONTINUOUS WRITING
50 marks
1 hour
TYPES OF CONTINUOUS WRITING
NARRATIVE writing a story
ARGUMENTATIVE stating views
DESCRIPTIVE describing an event/scene, place, person
FACTUAL characterising facts
REFLECTIVE reflecting OWN experience
COMPONENTS IN CONTINUOUS WRITING

i) Brainstorming and outlining a plot to help to stimulate the mind to think deeper by
using the 5W1H formula : -
o Who is it? (Person/People)
o What is it? (Objects/Things)
o Where is it? (Place)
o When is it? (Time)
o Why is it? (Reason)
o How is it? (Method)
ii) Paragraphing :-
o INTRODUCTION:
A brief, relevant and interesting introduction to attract readers attention.
When writing the introductory paragraph, always remember what, how & why
questions. You must be able to lead your reader into defining the purpose of your
piece of writing.
o CONTENTS:
You must be able to define your main ideas relevant to the topic clearly and
accurately. Your supporting idea must be stated clearly which must be relevant to

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the main idea. This should be followed by further elaboration and examples which
are relevant to the main idea.
a) Main Idea
b) Supporting Idea
c) Elaboration/Explanation
d) Relevant examples
o CONCLUSION:
A convincing and satisfactory conclusion with suggestions & possible solutions.
You should be able to end your writing effectively and give your readers a sense
of completion or satisfaction. You may like to highlight the issues discussed and
suggest possible solutions to the issues highlighted.

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CRITERIA FOR MARKING SCHEME FOR CONTINUOUS WRITING LANGUAGE
MARK DESCRIPTION OF CRITERIA

RANGE
The language is entirely accurate apart from very occasional draft
slips.
Sentence structure is varied and shows that the candidate is able to
A use various types of sentences to achieve a particular effect.
Vocabulary is wide and is used with precision.
44 - 50 Punctuation is accurate and helpful to the reader.
Spelling is accurate across the full range of vocabulary used.
Paragraphs are well-planned, have unity and are linked.
The topic is addressed with consistent relevance.
The interest of the reader is aroused and sustained throughout the
writing.
The language is accurate; occasional errors are either minor of first
draft slips.
Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended shades of meaning
B with some precision.
Sentences show some variations of length and type, including some
38 - 43 complex sentences.
Punctuation is almost always accurate and generally helpful.
Spelling is nearly always accurate.
Paragraphs show some evidence of planning, have unity and are
usually appropriately linked.
The piece of writing is relevant to the topic and the interest of the
reader is aroused and sustained through most of the composition.
The language is largely accurate.

Simple structures are used without errors; mistakes may occur when
more sophisticated structures are attempted.
C Vocabulary is wide enough to convey intended meaning but may lack
precision.
32 - 37 Sentences may show some variety of length and structures but there is
a tendency to use one type of structure, giving it a monotonous effect.
Punctuation of simple structures is accurate on the whole but errors
may occur in more complex uses.
Simple words may be spelt correctly but errors may occur when more
sophisticated words are used.
The composition is written in paragraphs which may show some unity,
although links may be absent or inappropriate. The writing is relevant
but may lack originality and planning. Some interest is aroused but not
sustained.

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The language is sufficiently accurate to communicate meaning clearly

to the reader.
There will be patches of clear, accurate language, particularly when
D simple vocabulary and structures are used.
There is some variety of sentence type and length but the purpose is not
26 - 31 clearly seen.
Punctuation is generally correct but does not clarify meaning.
Vocabulary is usually adequate to show intended meaning but this is
not developed to show precision.
Simple words will be spelt correctly, but more spelling errors will
occur.
Paragraphs are used but show lack of planning or unity.
The topic is addressed with some relevance but the reader may find
composition at this level lacking in liveliness and interest value.
Meaning is never in doubt, but errors are sufficiently frequent and

serious to hamper precision and speed of reading.
E Some simple structures may be accurate, but a script at this level is
unlikely to sustain accuracy for long.
20 - 25 Vocabulary is limited - either too simple to convey precise meaning or
more ambitious but imperfectly understood.
Simple words may be spelt correctly but frequent mistakes in spelling
and punctuation make reading the script difficult.
Paragraphs lack unity or are haphazardly arranged.
The subject matter will show some relevance to the topic but only a
partial treatment is given.
The high incidence of linguistic errors is likely to distract the reader
from any merits of content that the composition may have.
Meaning is fairly clear but the high incidence of errors throughout the
writing will definitely impede the reading.
U (i) There will be many serious errors of various kinds throughout the script
without rewriting the whole sentence.
14 - 19 A script at this level will have very few accurate sentences.
Although communication is established, the frequent errors may cause
blurring.
Sentences will be simple and very often repetitive.
Punctuation will sometimes be used correctly but sentence separation
errors may occur.
Paragraphs lack unity or there may not be any paragraphs at all.

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The reader is able to get some sense out of the script but errors are
U (ii) multiple in natures, requiring the reader to read and re-read before
being able to understand.
8 - 13 At this level, there may be only a few accurate but simple sentences.
The content may be comprehensible, but the incidence of linguistic
error is so high as to make meaning blur.
This type of script may also be far short of the required number of
words.
Scripts in this category are entirely impossible to read.
U (iii) Whole sections may make no sense at all.
0-7 Where occasional patches of clarity occur, marks should be awarded.
The mark 0 should only be given if the script makes no sense at all,
from the beginning to the end.
1. NARRATIVE WRITING
a) Definition of a narrative
A narrative tells or narrates a story or a sequence of events. It may be about something common
or uncommon, for example, a strange encounter or events, a sudden catastrophe, a crisis, a
conflict, a victory, an exciting adventure or discovery. However, it may be also be about an
ordinary experience or the daily routines that can occur in our daily life.
b) Tips on writing a narrative

Sense of sight colourful lights, wide variety of food, lush greeneries, dark stormy, tall, dark
and beautiful lady
Sense of smell smell of coffee brewing, aroma of crisp fried chicken, pungent smell of rotten
eggs
Sense of touch soft silky material, rough surface, warm pot, hot iron, slimy dirty plates
Sense of taste bitter coffee, sweet and savoury puff, hot and spicy chicken, sour grapes
Sense of hearing blaring of horns, the sound of footsteps, doors creaking, brakes screeching

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A SAMPLE OF A NARRATIVE ESSAY

Write a story about a fisherman beginning with:
The wind blew strongly. Out at sea, ...
The wind blew strongly. Out at sea, a lonely fishing boat rocked and swayed in the waves, hardly visible in
the dim pre dawn gloom. A solitary figure was standing on the small boat, pulling in the nets that were casted the
previous night. The fisherman paused for a while and rested on the unsteady platform that made up the floor of his
weathered, battered old fishing boat. The salty wind blew on his face, caressing it like a lover, learning lasses if sea
spray on the fishermans grizzled beard. He breathed the smell of the sea deeply. It was going to be a good day
today.
Humming softly, the fisherman resumed hauling in the days catch, hoping to have a little more, to rake in a
little more money. As he pulled in the net, he noted in passing how weathered his hand had become. Chipped
fingernails, calluses as hard as rock but as rough as sandpaper; his hands were hardened from a life at sea. He had
frequently looked in the mirror at home. He was getting old. His hair, once a glossy black, was turning gray around
the edges. A wiry, sun-tanned body, with scars criss-crossing his torso, a memento of a near-fatal accident, stood
unsteadily on solid ground. He was a man of the sea. Life had been hard on him. His wife had died in childbirth, and
the child had drowned, a victim of the accident that very enarly took the fishermans life. His run-down shack, once
a lively place full of love, was now a lonely place with four walls and a roof.
The weathered fisherman had never liked the company of other people. He much preferred the solitude of
the massive sea. The sea, to him, was like a woman. On good days, the sea would give him glances of the splendours
of the earth, a golden sunset, reflecting off the many facets of the waves, making them glitter much more than the
most valuable jewels. Sometimes, a school of flying fish would pass, and the fisherman would watch with
amusement as the fish raced each other and glided through the air, droplets of water streaming from their fins. On
bad days, thunderstorms would fill the sky with inky darkness and rain would fall in sheets, blinding and stinging.
The waves in the deep sea would be like mountains, consuming every foolhardy seafarer that dared to cross its path.
On these days, the grizzled old fisherman stayed on shore, mending his many nets, waiting for the seas tantrum to
pass, where he could then return to the sea.
The nets were hauled in without much effort. With a quick glance, the fisherman noted the days catch.
More or less the same as yestedays. With a quiet sigh, he sat on a nylon mat, preparing to have his breakfast, An
early start almost always left him with enough time for a nice flask of hot coffee and some sandwiches. With a
bittersweet smile, he remembered how his wife would pack him at least eight sandwiches, even if he only ever
wanted four. The rest would be given to the fishes. Lost in his memories, the fisherman looked into the horizon.
Dawn was still quite a way off. How long had it been since he inherited this fishing boat from his father? The
weathered boards held many memories of his early fishing days. Back then, they would row out to sea. Now he had
a battered single turbine engine to propel him in any direction he wanted.
Life was rarely easy for a fisherman. Buyers from the city came every day to the warehouses, buying fishes
by the tonee for dirt cheap proces, then seling the same fishes at ten times the price. They thought the fishermen
were ignorant backwater savages, simply because they had no formal education. The fishermen knew. There was
simply nothing they could do about it. If they complained, the buyers would simply go to another, less educated area.
So, the dance continued. The fisherman was disappointed in his fellow man. For profit, humans were willing to take
advantage of other humans. This was one of the reasons why he never liked human companions. Profit driven people
became more successful in life, but what would that mean? Every man is judged fairly by the firm hand of Death.
Nobody, not even the rich, escaped his hold. The fisherman shook his head, clearing his thoughts. There was simply
no point in hoarding all this money. Better to be a simple person, loved by many, than to be a rich person, tied up in
social expectations, loved by none, save for the jackals that spout praise to enjoy favours.
The gloom was lifting. The fisherman stopped everything he was doing, looking at the horizon to
the east. The sun would rise in a few moments. Slowly, imperciptibly, the darkness got brighter. Even so steadily the
great ball of fire rose in the sky, illuminating the night sky with the colours of the rainbow. Fantastic cloud
formations looked even more fantastic as the suns rays hit them at an angle, showing the contrast between light and
shadow, colouring everything a bright orange. The sea glittered with a warm glow, and the wind blew slightly
harder, as if to herald the coming of a new day, to herald the baninshing of the uncertainty of nightime, to banish the
shadows of doubt, to clear the minds of all things, preparing them for a new day. In the sea, a single boat sped across
the water, heading to the shore. The fisherman was smiling. He remembered the rhyme told to him by his
grandfather all those years ago. Red sky in the morning, sailors take warning. Red sky at night, sailors delight. It
was going to be a fine day today.
37
ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING
a) Definition of an argumentative
In an argumentative essay, students are required to state their views on an issue. These
views can be in favour or against the issue. Students may be required to make a stand or
present a balanced view of the issue and state their stand or recommendation in the
conclusion. Whatever the format required, all views, for and against, must be supported
by examples and facts.
b) Tips on the format in writing an argumentative

Introduction - Look at the issues or topic concern
- Explain the issue or topic given
- Express stand, if required
Body - Arguments for
- Arguments against
- Give supporting statement
- Give evidence
- Compare& contrast
- Justify argument
- Justify with examples
- Conclusion or recommendation
- Restate your stand
c) Some useful expressions in an argumentative essay

I agree/I disagree/I believe/I dont believe
It cannot be denied/There is no doubt
I am sure that My intention is I am of the opinion
d) How to write a thesis statement

Using the brainstorming techniques (5W1H) will enable the students to generate ideas &
details related to the topic concern.
WHY? (To identify the problems/ideas related to the topic)
HOW? (To come up with solutions/recommendation)
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a) Features of an argumentative
i) Introduction
- TO AGREE : Thesis statement of agreement
- TO DISAGREE : Thesis statement of disagreement
- NEUTRAL : Thesis statement of neutrality
ii) Body
Topic sentence 1 (first reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
Topic sentence 1 (Reason (s) for agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic
sentence
Topic sentence 2 (second reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
Topic sentence 2 (Reason (s) for disagreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic
sentence
Topic sentence 3 (third reason) Supporting ideas to support the topic sentence
Topic sentence 3 (Reason (s) for dis/agreement) Supporting ideas to support the topic
sentence
iii) Conclusion
Restatement of opinion Summary of main points

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A SAMPLE OF AN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY

There is a lack of freedom given to teenagers today. Do you agree?
Parents these days are masters of illusion. They have succesfully convinced their children that
they have been very lenient and have given much freedom to their children but not so. Although my
generation may have freedom of speech and increased mobility, we have been imprisoned in other ways
that render these freedoms rather useless.
Freedom, though subjective has a far greater depth and meaning than just leaving children
to their own devices or giving a grown-up child a fancy car to zip around in. Freedom cann in fact only
fully manifest itself when employed within boundaries. In todays generation we may be allowed some
kinds of freedom but we sacrifice the freedom of thoughts, maturity, experience and virtues.
In our parents quest to bring us up succesfully, they instill into us a competitive spirit. They
compare us to others and drill it into us that we have not succeeded till we reach the pinnacle of
everything we do. Second place is not even an option, it is first or keep trying and work harder. It may
sound positive to some but it only serves to teach us that other people are obstacles in our path of success
instead of teaching us to value others. It teaches us that contentment is never an option and that life is
nothing but a miserable slave workplace. It teaches us to only appreciate the final result instead of
enjoying the process of getting there. What freedom and what joy is there in such a life? We may
ultimately be free to choose the career of our preference, but was it worth it? Was it worth not being
given the freedom of making friends with those you treasure and not enjoying life simply to have the
prospect of a better job which probably would not be a splendid as it sounds. No, there is no freedom in
being competitive.
Other parents employ the phrase do what I tell you, not what I do, how hypocritical! Sure, we
understand that you care enough for us to desire to protect us from making the same mistakes you made.
The thing is, making mistakes is what make us human and though when we do it will hurt us and those
around us, we will learn and grow. Rather than dictating how our life should be and how we should act
and behave, allow us to make some mistakes and use those to teach us. If not, all the advice and teaching
that you ever gave would be merely head knowledge as we have yet to be able to understand how
priceless those words of advice really are. Instead of dictationg our lives, give us some space to make
mistakes. After all, there is no freedom when our lives are being run by someone else.
Many parents are just way too overprotective of their children. While a few parents are a bit more
relaxed and laid back, the majority of them treat us like dolls made from Chinese porcelain and rush to
our aid the moment we fall. Instead of allowing the pain to register and our brain to make the necessary
connections, our parents short circuit the process by removing the pain or doing whatever they can to
reduce the pain. Maaybe we should get a doctor to speak to parents and tell them how important pain is. If
you do not feel pain in a part of your body, something is seriously wrong. In the same way, something is
very wrong if parents are overprotective and trying to protect us teenagers from the slightest pin prick. If
we broke up with our boyfriend or girlfriend instead trying to solve the issue, let us think through the
issues and learn the lessons because we need to learn to avoid pain ourselves. After all, you parents will
not be around forever to shield us from pain. No pain, no gain, no pain, no freedom.
Thus, we have a generation today that has yet to experience true freedom. We have yet to
experience freedom in making good choices, yet to experience freedom in enjoying life and yet to
experience the freedom of falling down and being able to get ourselves back on our feet and keep moving
forward. We may have some worldly freedom like hanging out with friends for hours on end, but what
use is that if we do not know how to manage such freedom properly. What use is it if we are not able to
have the freedom to manage our freedom? Therefore, I believe we teenagers do not lack freedom, but we
lack freedom in the right form.

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DESCRIPTIVE WRITING
There are three (3) types of descriptive essays:
A. Describing a scene/event
B. Describing a person
C. Describing a place
A. Describing a scene/event
When describing a scene or event, you are required to write in some details about the people and
activities going on.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of scenes/events.
Be clear about what scene/event you are describing.
Description must be lively and interesting.
Describe activities in details.
Activities are arranged in order.
Highlight person involved & what are they doing.
Capture the mood of the scene (noise, lights & colours).
B. Describing a place
When describing a place, you are required to describe the place in detail. In your description,
include the people and activities going on.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of places.
Give an introduction to the place
Give a physical description of the place (from outside moving to inside)
Describe what you see and hear
Describe in details the activities and attractions
Can include your personal feelings about the place
DOs DONTs
Have a good grasp of the topic Choose a topic if you dont understand
Write about the place/scene only if you Try to describe a place/scene if you are
have the knowledge about it not sure about it

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Describe the activities of the people in it Leave out the activities of the people in it
Write about your feelings / impressions of Leave out your feelings about the place/
the place or scene scene
Write concluding lines about your End your description without a
description conclusion
C. Describing a person
When describing a person/a group of people, you should give enough details about the
person/people. Include their lifestyle, contributions if any and daily activities.
Guidelines in writing descriptions of people
Be clear about who you are describing
If he/she is a famous person, mention why is he/she famous
If it is about a group, some knowledge about them is vital
Your description must be interesting
Mention the special features why that person is outstanding
Use present tense if the person is still alive
DOs DONTs
Write a clear description about the Give a poor description of the
person or group of people person or group of people
Describe his/her/their interests Leave out his/her/their interests
clearly Forget to mention about the
Describe the lifestyle of that lifestyle of the person/group
person/group correctly End the description abruptly
Conclude the description orderly

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A SAMPLE OF A DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY

Describe an important family celebration and how you felt about it.
Family celebrations are events that I always look forward to celebrating. Be it a birthday
celebration or a family reunion, I am just glad to be able to be there. Occasions like these makes
me happy in the inside because being together with your beloved family members matters most
to me. You could say it is an event that you should treasure for the rest of your life. Making good
memories with them and having fun together is a must in such occasions.
There was this one particular celebration that I am fond of. It was my grandfathers 70th
birthday celebration. During that time, I was only four or five years old if memory serves me
right. I could barely remember all of the things that happened at that time. However, when I look
at the photos that were taken of his birthday celebration, I would smile and remember fondly of
my grandfather blowing the candles on the colourful cake. It was large enough to feed more than
five people! Of course there is also pansit, a traditional food in the Phillipines. It was quite a
delicious and scrumptious food if I must say so myself.
Remembering all the good times I had when celebrating his birthday is such a pleasure. If
I remember it correctly, the occasion was held nearby a swimming pool. I remember vividly
when my cousins swam in the big pool trying to stay afloat. Smiles and happiness were written
on all of their faces. Family members and close friends attended that party. They all sang the
birthday song for my beloved grandfather, ate together, laughed together and even sang together.
I must say, Filipinos just love to talk with people and sing together.
After that, my younger brother and I tagged along to swim with our cousins. It was chilly
when I dive bombed into the pool. Splashes of water were everywhere and some of it came into
my eyes. Nonetheless, it was spectacular day to enjoy this celebration. When I looked at my
grandfathers face with all kinds of events happening around me, he was just smiling while
viewing the moment of his life.
Now, my grandfather aging more 80 years old, is still fit as a fiddle. He said the secret to
along and healthy life is by eating nutritious foods everyday. That also includes bitter gourds
which is a vegetable I am not quite fond of. Being a half Filipino, makes me grateful and I am
happy to be able to celebrate my grandfathers birthday.

43
FACTUAL / EXPOSITORY WRITING

a) Introduction
You are required to write a composition which demands some knowledge of the topic. This
topic requires the students to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence, expound on the idea and
present in a clear and concise manner. It is based on facts such as real events or happenings, real
examples and real figures if any. If it is on a current issue, you need to have read about it.
Guidelines in writing factual / expository essay
Understand what you should write
Have a good knowledge on the topic
Jot down relevant point using mind map
Arrange the points in sequence / orderly
Try to elaborate with real figures, examples, names
Points must be well explained or illustrated
DOS DONTS
Have a good knowledge of the Choose a topic if you are not sure
topic about the facts
Jot down the points Start writing immediately
Define the topic & give relevant Start writing without giving any
examples clear definition
Arrange points according to Jumble up your points
importance
Give relevant examples & figures Forget to give relevant examples
& illustrations
Present points clearly Present points poorly
Sum up points accurately End without a conclusion

44
A SAMPLE OF A FACTUAL / EXPOSITORY ESSAY

Why are animals important to human beings?
It is said that everything was created by God for a reason and purpose. People around us
like our parents, teachers and friends all have different and unique abilities and traits that help
them to achieve a specific purpose in life. The lush greenery and beautiful mother nature that
surround us exist to provide us oxygen to live another miliseconds. So, the nagging question is,
what are the importances of animals to human beings?
First and foremost, it is clear as light and day that animals play a huge role in our daily
diet, as they are a rich source of protein. It is stated that animals meat are vital as they provide
all the essential amino acids that our bodies itself cannot produce. Bottom line is that, without
animals, human beings may face the consequences of having their growth retarded and poor
mental development.
Next, animals contribute to a nations economy. Exotic and mesmerizing animals like
panda and tiger are often showcased in a manmade habitat in the zoo. To be able to grab the
golden opportunity and to see these furry organisms in the flesh and strutting their stuff the wish
list of every foreigner and locals in Malaysia. Without a doubt, animals has economic value
which can benefitted to mankind.
Furthermore, other than being used in a meal and as a source of entertainment, animals
such as dogs like the German Sheperd species are used in jobs worldwide. For example, at the
checkpoints which separate countries like Mexico and USA, dogs are used to help in detect
drugs smuggling and also explosives as they have a keen of sense of hearing and smell. This in
turn,helps to reduce the crime rates. The usage of animals in law enforcement area helps to shed
the light on the importance of animals to us human beings.
Moreover, the importance of animals is also closely connected to our daily lives
especially at home. Some people adopt pets like parrots and cats as their loyal companion at
home. After having a hard day at workplaces such as offices and schools, these people often
resort to their pets to relieve their stress as pets are proven to have a calming effect on their
owner. The saying Dogs are mans best friend prove that animals are indeed important to
human kind.
The importance of animals are also evident when we trace the source of antiserum which
is made from cells of animals such as horses. The antiserum which is used to provide artificial
passive immunity, helps to immunize humans against certain diseases such as mad cow disease.
So without animals, human would certainly fall prey to diseases which only the cells of animals
can cure.
In a nutshell, animals contribute a heap amount of goodness to human kind whether from
the aspect of economy or health. Thus , the worrying case of animal abuse that is occurring
worldwide should be stopped immediately as the animals themselves have the right to live free
and disturbed.

45
REFLECTIVE WRITING
a) Definition of a reflective
A reflective tells or narrates personal story or experience. It may be something that changes ones
attitude, opinion or behaviour. However, it may be also be about an ordinary experience or the
daily routines that is memorable.
b) Tips on writing a reflective

What the event / person
Why the changes it made
When time of the incident
How it happened the beginning of the incident
How it resolved the ending that resulted the change

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A SAMPLE OF A REFLECTIVE ESSAY

A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Describe how a friend helped you in a difficult time.
A friend in need is a friend indeed. In this world, there are many people need a friend in
their life. So, we have to be carefully on choose a friend. We cant choose a friend that have a
many problem such as involved in vandalisme and always do not went to school. We have to
choose a friend that always be our sides and kind.
Like me, I also have a friend. Her name is Salwani but I called her for a short name,
Wani. She is very talkatived, polite and loving. She is an apple of the eyes of her parents. She is
17 years old same like me. We are neighbours, because of that we knows each other and we
came be a very closed. We also studying on the same school.
On sunny morning, we recycled went to school together. In the school, everyone like her
include a teacher. Everyone like her because she is very kind and like to helped who need a help.
She also a monitor in our class. She is very responsibility and a teacher very like her. Like a other
say, she is a backbone on the pupils in our class.
At home, on the evening, we always set a time to went the playground for our discuss or
anything. If I have a problem, I always shared my problems to her. She gave me some advised
and helped me if she can help. She always be my sides. She is like my sister. If I want to do
something, she always give me a advised first before I do it. She doesnt want me face with a
problem. She is a friend that always helped me in a difficult time. She also said that let bygones,
be bygones to me.
If my parents went to overseas, she came to my house and company me along my parents
were not at home. On the weekend, we do same homework that was a from a teacher. She also
very intelligent. If I dont understand some questions, I asked for a helped from her. She teaches
me that questions that I dont understand. I felt like in seaven heaven and grateful to have a
friend like her in this world.
At the time that she company me, we wake up on the morning and make some breakfast
together. After we had some breakfast, we cleaned my house and prepared some for cooked for
our lunch. After three days that my parents not at home, on the Saturday evening, my parents
arrived at KLIA. After that, they through to back home. When they arrived at home, Amani also
back to her house. She gave some regards to my parents. My parents also like her. I told my
parents that I felt like over the moon when Amani company me when they were not home
because she treated me like her little sister.
In conclusion, we have to be careful on choose and find a friend. I hope I will be like her.

47
FEATURES IN WRITING TASK

When you write, it is important for you to pay attention to the following:
I. Tense
II. Cohesiveness
III. Plot
IV. Characterization
I. Tense
A narrative usually describes events or happenings in the past. Thus, the Past Tense forms are
usually used in narrative writing. Other tenses are also used but not as frequently.
II. Cohesiveness
The flow of the story is important as it sets the mood of the storyline. Events should be arranged
logically and systematically. This can be done by using connectors and suitable linkers.
III. Plot
The plot is the story framework. It is the storyline of, for example, how a character changes or
how a mystery is solved or how an enemy is defeated. To be interesting, a story must have a
good plot.
IV. Characterization
The event in the story usually happens to the main character and how he/she solves a
problem or overcomes challenges thrown towards him. Thus, characterization should include the
description, the characteristics as well as clear incidents that show his utmost outstanding
personality.

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USEFUL WORDS & PHRASES TO DESCRIBE EMOTIONS AND REACTIONS
EMOTION FACIAL BODY GESTURE FEELING

EXPRESSIONS
HAPPY smiled from ear to danced want to fly
ear jumped feel like hugging
blushed cheeks singing everyone
tears of joy tell the whole world
SAD heart missed a beat slumped shoulders do not want to face
or two head bowed anyone anymore
jumped out of my heart breaks into want the ground to
skin pieces open to swallow
eyes nearly popped (you)
out want the world to end
ANGRY stared dagger slammed the door want to stab
flaring nose clutching fists want to strangle
started calling kicked whatever in turn to lion
names / cursing sight
AFRAID gritted teeth trembling it was a dream
pale-white face sweat to disappear
legs nailed to the to be invisible
ground

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USEFUL VOCABULARY & SENTENCE PATTERNS

A. THE SKY
The blazing sun was shining through the cloudless sky ( a hot mid-day)
The sun rose, slowly and majestically, over mountains (early morning)
The sun appeared over the horizon, giving out rays of faint yellow light.
(dawn/sunrise)
Everything looked radiant in the early morning sun.
B. THE BEACH/SEA
Tall coconut palms swayed gracefully to the sounds of the sea waves (beach)
The gentle waves rolled endlessly towards the white sparkling beach (beach)
The whispering breeze and splashing waves gently rocks me to sleep.
The winds caresses my cheeks and ruffles your hair as I relish the tickling sensation
of the waves crashing at my feet.
C. A STORM
The sky darkened and it threatened to rain but the weather held (gloomy with no rain)
Lightning streaked across the sky
There was a flash of lightning followed by a rumble of thunder.
The wind shrieked. The wind howled
A peal of thunder boomed in the distance.
D. A VILLAGE
The village houses were hurdled together ,surrounded by lush green shrubs and trees
As it was a fruit season, the wind carried the strong fruity aroma, tantalizing all who
came across it.
Behind the quaint little huts, thick green forests and hills lends a majestic
surrounding to the village.
The garden was a kaleidoscope of colour as red, pink and orange flowers danced
gracefully in the gentle breeze
E. DAY/NIGHT
The dark night was slowly crawling by and the dawn was approaching
As the moon makes a retreat, the sun rises in all its radiance and splendour.

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A new day is born.

The night crawled by slowly.
The stars twinkled in the black sky like thousands of fireflies
The cry of million cicadas broke the silence of the night
In the dead of the night, came the sound of the banging of a door.
The Sense of Sight

The white sand.
The tiny pink shells.
The way the sea is the same blue as the sky, making it hard to tell where one ends and the other
begins.
The rocks still wet from high tide.
2. The Sense of Smell
The smell of a woodland in summer after rain.
Sour milk in the refrigerator.
The first smell of the sea through a car window.
3. The Sense of Sound
screeching gulls and waves breaking on pebbles
his heels clicking on the marble
the jangle of loose change in his pocket.
4. The Sense of Taste
When a character arrives at the coast, the usual thing would be to have them smell the sea.
Instead, you could have them taste the salty breeze.
When a young boy captures a frog at the bottom of the garden, have him lick it.
When a character is returning to his childhood home, have him taste his mother's roast chicken
and gravy when he is still 100 miles away.
It is the first icy day of winter and it starts to snow. A character looks up and tries to catch the
flakes on her tongue.
Further down the street, her younger brother, tortured by curiosity, licks a metal pole.
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5. The Sense of Touch

like the feel of cool cotton sheets,
like being head butted in the nose,
A greasy stove
A character's cracked lips
A cold, sweaty handshake
IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS AND PHRASAL VERBS

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS MEANINGS
To face the music To take the punishment or scolding
To live from hand to mouth To live in hardship
To sit on the fence To take no sides in a debate/ a quarrel
To be in the same boat To be in the same circumstances
In hot water In trouble
Have green fingers Good at gardening
Burn the midnight oil Study until late at night
Once in a blue moon Seldom
At the eleventh hour At the last minute
Bear in mind Remember
Turn over a new leaf To change for the better
To paint the town red To enjoy oneself
Raining cats and dogs Raining heavily
Keep an eye Look after
In high spirits Happy
Getting on my nerves Making me annoyed/irritated
Out of the blue Unexpectedly
Not my cup of tea Not to my liking
Eye catching Attractive
Around the corner Coming soon

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By hook or by crook By all means

To keep ones fingers crossed To hope for the best
Keep your word Keep your promise
Where theres a will, theres a way When you are determined, you will succeed
Lend a hand Help
I am all ears I am listening
A close shave A narrow escape
Flying colours Good grades
To believe your ears To believe what you hear
Not kidding Not joking
Blow ones trumpet To boast
Down to earth Humble/Honest
Caught red handed Caught in the act
In a twinkling of an eye Very quickly
Under the weather Slightly ill
Took to heart Be upset by
Bad blood Feeling of strong dislike
Throw in the towel Give up
Easier said than done Easier to talk about an idea than carry it out
Count me in Include me
Dont lose heart Dont be discouraged
Practice makes perfect You will be good if you do it often
Drive me up the wall Make me very angry
The early bird catches the worm Those who are early will benefit
Let the cat out of the bag Let a secret out
Black sheep Person who is an embarrassment
A white elephant Useless possession
Drop a line write
Put your mind to it Concentrate
A bookworm One who likes to read

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PHRASAL VERBS MEANINGS

Run into Meet
Put off Postponed
Call on Visit
Watch out Be careful
Close shave Narrow escape
Turn up Attend/Arrive
Look out Be careful
Look into Investigate
Get through Pass
Cut down Reduce
Look forward Expect with pleasure
Look after Take care of
Break/Broke into Enter/Entered by force
Break/Broke down Stop/Stopped because of a fault
Hold/Held up Delay/Delayed
Give up Stop trying
Rely on Depend on
Set Off Start the journey
Takes after Looks like/Behaves like
Come across Find by chance
Throw up Vomit
On and off Sometimes
Drop in Make a visit
Come up Happen
Passed away Died
Deal with Handle
Get over Recover
Carry on Continue

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Get along with Be friendly with

Running out Lacking
Put in To spend time or energy/contribute
Map out Plan
Get ready Hurry
Look out Look for/ Search
Crash into Hit
Look up to Respect
Make up Compensate
Tag along Accompany
Round up Gather
Ages ago Long ago

55
TIPS FOR SPM CONTINUOUS WRITING

1. Write a story because your errors (grammar, spelling, sentence structures and so on) will
not be so glaring in a story compared to a factual/argumentative essay.
2. Always write about something real and close to you. It is easier than writing about
something fictional, which you have to create and imagine.
3. Combine description with narration and you will get a wonderful story (see the sample of
a narrative story ending with "We had never laughed so much in our lives").
4. Prepare a story in advance. Write a story about two pages length; do not write too long
because it will make the examiner spend longer time to read and mark your essay, which
is quite annoying. Ask your teacher to check the grammar and the sentence structure.
Then, memorize everything. Make sure that when you enter the exam hall, you have a
story in your mind. Do not go there empty-headed; you will waste a lot of your precious
time thinking of what to write on the spot. When you get the question paper, what you
have to do is to adjust and adapt the story in your head to the question. Usually the
question will ask you to write "a story beginning with..." or "a story ending with.... So,
be smart and creative.
5. Be positive (think positively) about yourself because self- confidence is important in
writing a creative & interesting story.
6. Be bold to create a story based on personal experience or extensive reading (story books,
etc.) as it allows your brain to flow freely as ideas can pop up now& then (feel free to
express yourself or your thought). Jot it down quickly as the ideas pop up because our
minds can play tricks on us.
7. Be smart to evaluate the ideas that pop up in your brain & only choose those are relevant
to your story.
8. Be cautious about your sentences (simple, compound & complex) & to be safe, always
use simple sentence (weak), simple & compound (average), compound & complex
(good).
9. Be adventurous in creating your story either a real life story based on your personal
experience or a fictional story with some adjustments based on your extensive reading.
10. A good writer keeps the examiner guessing whether the story is real or just fiction.

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SAMPLE ESSAY
Beginning with "I could not sleep throughout that night..."
I could not sleep throughout that night. Not even a minute. It was just
because I might miss the ships or boat that passed by the island. I
was shivering in cold even it was just a gentle breeze. I thought to myself that
things would have been different if I did not take part in that vacation. Never Introduction
in my wildest dream that a spectacular vacation on a cruise ship at the
beginning turned out to be a nightmarish affair.
The day before was a joyous one. I embarked on a three-day vacation trip on
a cruise ship. The vacation was amazing. The scenic view
was splendid across the horizon of the sea as far as the eyes could see. The
sea water was crystal clear and the sky was amagnificent azure.
My blissful day did not stop there. The dusk thrilled me as I sat on a chair.
The sky gave its golden appeal and the Sun looked like it was sinking into Raising
the sea as night began to unfold. Then, the golden yellow background of the action
sky changed to twinkling stars. I was staggered to see the view of
the opulent God's magnum opus.
As the night grew older, something totally different started to appear up to
the sky. The sky was too dark. It darken so much as the glimmering stars
started to disappear. To my instinct, something bad would happen any time
soon, but I just could not figure it out. I went into my room and soon dived
into a deep slumber.
'RIIIINNNNGGGG!!!!!!'
"This is your captain speaking. Abandon the ship! This ship is about to sink!"
The loud ringing sound really woke me up from my comfort bed and I was
taken aback to hear the announcement. To my horror, the ship was in topsy-
turvy. High jinks enshrouded the air. Then I realised, there was a storm
happening outside. To myflummox, I dragged myself outside and saw people Climax
running higgledy-piggledy as they did not know what to do. As for me, the
only thing I could remember is that a huge wave came crushing upon the ship
and then everything seemed to darken.

57
Streaks steaks of light awaken me found out that I was on a beach. At last I
thought that my misery had ended. But a little exploration did not bring much
hope. There was no one there. So, being an optimistic person, I built up a
settlement near the beach. I laid upon my leaves bedding. I wondered. Could
I survive? Did my family know that I loved them? For how long did I have to
wait?
Out of the blue, an abrupt siren was heard from afar.Swiftly, I arose from my Falling
leaves bedding and ran nearer to the beach. I shouted for my life while action
waving my hands up on the air.
"Help! I'm here! On the island! Help! Help! I'm here!"
Then, the siren became louder and louder. At the moment, I knew they had
noticed me. Unexpected, tears of joy started to drop from my eyes. Before I
even thought my life was over, now the door back to my life was widely
opened. By the moment I stepped into the rescue boat, I know that it was the Resolution
time for me to go home.
TASK: Rewrite the following essay.

Original essay:-
I stood straight and looked at the door. The house was white. The wooden beams and window
panes were black. It looked big from the outside. I had to make a decision to knock or to ring
the bell. I look at the garden. I thought about going back to my car and drove home. Home.
That was where I wanted to be; or should I enter the house? I sighed and walked to the side
where there was a bench by the garden. I could see that the woman in the family loved the
garden. The smell of white lilies calmed my mind. I sat on the bench, trying to prepare what I
would say if someone opened the door. I wished I did not find out where she was so that I would
not have sleepless night. I would not be thinking of why she left me, .

58
Use better phrases to replace the original phrases that had been given:-
I stood ________________ and looked at ____________________________ door. The house
______________________________________________ the wooden beams and window panes.
It looked ___________________________ from the outside. I had to
_____________________to knock or press the bell. I ________________ the garden. I thought
about going back to my car and drove home. Home. That was where I wanted to be
________________________________________. I sighed and walked to the side where there
was a _________ bench by the _____________ garden. I could see that the woman in the family
loved the garden. The smell of white lilies _______________________________. I sat on the
________looking _________ bench, trying ______________ what I would say if someone was
to open the door. I wished I did not find out where she was so that I would not have three
_________________ nights thinking of why she left me, whether she ____________ or whether
I should be ______________.
REFERENCE
I stood motionless and looked at the solid, dark brown wooden door. The house was painted
white, and black on the wooden beams and window panes. It looked huge and expensive from
the outside. I had to make my mind up whether to knock or press the bell. I turned to face the
garden. I thought about going back to my car and drove home. Home. That was where I wanted
to be; or was it where I would be after I knocked the door? I sighed and walked to the side where
there was a wooden bench by the beautiful garden. I could see that the woman in the family
loved the garden. The smell of white lilies reminded me of the florist down the road on Sixteenth
Street. I sat on the sturdy looking wooden bench, trying to figure out what I would say if
someone was to open the door. I wished I did not find out where she was so that I would not
have three sleepless nights thinking of why she left me, whether she was looking for me or
whether I should be angry.

59
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY PRACTICE

My Best Friend
Introduction
Close friendships are hard to come by these days. In an ever changing world with____________
_______________________________________________________
______________________, it is hard to know who your true friends are. Fortunately, I found my
best pal early at the tender age of seven.
Body Paragraphs
We were both enrolled in the same class. Cathy and I got acquainted as both of us sat next to
each other. Cathy was_________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________Both pupils and teachers alike enjoyed
her company and liveliness. There was hardly ever a dull moment when she was around with her
funny quips and expressions.
Cathy was born with a silver spoon._____________________________________________
__________________Both her parents were very caring towards her because_____________,
__________________just like I. Cathy came to school each day with a perpetual smile. She was
a very nice person to be around with. She and I used to go everywhere together and both of us
were rarely seen apart. _________________________________________________, thoroughly
enjoying our time together.
One day, I went to school and forgot to ask my parents for lunch money. At first I was not
hungry and thought I could bear going without a meal but soon, my stomach began to growl.
Without asking, Cathy ____________________________________________________. The
incident revealed to me how lucky I was to have a ________________________________
friend.
Ending
As time went on, people started teasing us as we were spending more and more time forever. We
seemed to know what each other thought and __________________________________. Was I
in love with her? I did not know then but we both knew we were too young for all that emotional
roller coaster.

60
In this world, people striving to achieve their interpretation of preordained success.

Cathy was a happy-go-lucky girl who always managed to breathe fresh air into the
sometimes arid classroom.
She always knew what to say and would voice them at the best possible moments.
Her father was a businessman and her mother owned and ran a boutique.
She was the only child in the family, just like I.
We used to talk about so many things as we walked.
Cathy generously paid for my meals and drinks during recess.
How lucky I was to have a caring and compassionate friend.
My best friend generously paid for my meals and drinks during recess.
She is caring and compassionate.
We cared for each other deeply.

61
DESCRIPTIVE ESSAY PRACTICE

My Dad My Hero
Opening
My Dad is my real hero because he is the most special person in my life. He is a very good
athlete & an artist. He is a Civil Engineer by profession. At weekends he loves to play with me
the whole day. During weekdays we work hard & spend maximum time working at his office. He
is amongst the top ranked employee of his company & has won many awards for the same. He
tries his best to keep our family happy. He works hard to make money for our
family._____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Body Paragraphs
He is very careful regarding what I eat. He always insists me to eat healthy stuff such as fruits
and vegetables that are rich in vitamins and minerals. He is an extremely loving Dad. I always
enjoy spending time with him and learn new things with him. He has taught me to swim. Till
date I have won many swimming championships. My Dad helps me in my studies too.
_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Every day he takes out little time for me in the night to acknowledge my day to day activities &
problems if any. He is my best friend. I can discuss everything with him without any hesitation.
Things that I fail to reveal out to my close friends, I can easily discuss them with my Dad.
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Dad says that he started visiting the globe when he was a college student. According to him his
experience has helped him to broaden his horizons. This is the reason he started me quite early.
He wants me to experience the world because he believes that travelling is an education in itself.

62
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion
Today I am just 16 years old and at this tender age Dad has taught me a lot of things that people
at the age of 20 fails to understand. He has taught me what life is all about. He has showed me
the way to achieve success. He has showed me the opportunities that exist in front of me.
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
He loves me a lot & always tries to cheer me up whenever I am in a sad mood.

He has always taught me good values & not spoiling me by buying me all the things that I
wanted.
But at the same time he has granted me many things that I always wish to have.
My Dad has always tried his level best to make me a good human being, his only son.
He does not allow me to take tuitions instead he personally sits with me to get my
problems solved.
It is because of his grace I perform well in studies.
My Dad is the most precious gift of God to me.
He is a loving father and the most gracious person I have ever seen in my life. He wants
me to become a good human being like him.
That is why he always teaches me to differentiate between wrong and right.
Whenever I need his help, he is always available for me. He is my hero.

63
He is a funny, cool, adventurous and smart human being.

He loves to travel and that is why we both always go to distant places (sometimes abroad)
on vacations.
I love to travel too and that is why vacations are always awaited as far as its Dads
company. Apart from domestic cities till date we have travelled to San Francisco, Beijing,
Toronto, New York & Sydney.
When I was at the age of ten, I took my first flight to Sydney.
I have learnt a lot of things under my Dads guidance which education fails to teach.
The most important lesson that Dad has taught me is to be discipline and hard working in
life. These two things are the key ingredients to achieve success in life.
At the same time he has left the decision up to me in terms of which path to choose. He is
very confident that his efforts to make me a good human being will never go in vein.
Seeing his confidence in me, some day, I want to make him proud. I thank God everyday
for giving me such a loving and caring father. I also wish to see him in good health for
the rest of my life.

64
GRAMMAR

65
TYPES OF SENTENCES
TYPE OF SENTENCES
1. Simple Sentences
2. Compound Sentences
3. Complex Sentences
Simple sentences made up of : a subject, a verb and a complete idea.

Example:
1. I love drinking tea.
2. She goes to school every day.
Compound sentences contain two simple sentences (independent clauses) that are joined by a
linker. For example, for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so.
Example :
1. I love drinking tea but my roommate prefers drinking coffee.
2. She goes to school every day with her friends.
Complex sentences - has an independent clause that is joined by one or more dependent clauses.
A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as since, after, or although or a relative
pronoun such as that, who, whom, whose, when or which.
Example:
1. When I wake up in the morning, I like to have a cup of coffee.
2. The boy who is wearing the blue shirt is my brother.

66
CONNECTORS / CONJUNCTIONS FUNCTIONS

a) Nevertheless, However, On the other hand
- To show contrast of ideas To join two opposing ideas
b) As well as, Besides, Bothand, Not onlybut also
- To combine two ideas that are similar or related
c) In addition, Furthermore, Moreover
- To introduce new ideas or add extra information
d) In conclusion, In short, To summarize
- To conclude the story or the ideas presented
PASSIVE VOICE
Tense Active Passive
Once a week, Tom cleans the house. Once a week, the house is cleaned by
Simple Present
Tom.
Present Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter is being written by
Continuous Sarah.
Simple Past Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam.
The salesman was helping the The customer was being helped by the
Past
customer when the thief came into the salesman when the thief came into the
Continuous
store. store.
Many tourists have visited that castle. That castle has been visited by many
Present Perfect
tourists.
Present Perfect Recently, John has been doing the Recently, the work has been being
Continuous work. done by John.
George had repaired many cars Many cars had been repaired by
Past Perfect before he received his mechanic's George before he received his
license. mechanic's license.
Chef Jones had been preparing the The restaurant's fantastic dinners had
Past Perfect
restaurant's fantastic dinners for two been being preparedby Chef Jones for
Continuous
years before he moved to Paris. two years before he moved to Paris.

67
Simple Future Someone will finish the work by 5:00 The work will be finished by 5:00 PM.
will PM.
Simple Future Sally is going to make a beautiful A beautiful dinner is going to be

be going to dinner tonight. made by Sally tonight.
Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be
Continuous washing the dishes. being washed by John.
will
Future At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are
Continuous be washing the dishes. going to be being washedby John.
be going to
Future Perfect They will have completed the project The project will have been
will before the deadline. completed before the deadline.
They are going to have The project is going to have been

Future Perfect
completed the project before the completed before the deadline.
be going to
deadline.
Future Perfect The famous artist will have been The mural will have been being
Continuous painting the mural for over six painted by the famous artist for over six
will months by the time it is finished. months by the time it is finished.
Future Perfect The famous artist is going to have The mural is going to have been being
Continuous been painting the mural for over six painted by the famous artist for over six
be going to months by the time it is finished. months by the time it is finished.
Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be paid by Jerry.
My mother would always make the The pies would always be made by my
Would Always
pies. mother.
Future in the I knew John would finish the work by I knew the work would be finished by
Past 5:00 PM. 5:00 PM.
Would
Future in the I thought Sally was going to make a I thought a beautiful dinner was going
Past beautiful dinner tonight. to be made by Sally tonight.
Was Going to

68
TYPICAL ADJECTIVE ENDINGS INTO MULTIPLE ADJECTIVES SENTENCE

1. They live in a beautiful and luxurious house.
2. Lisa is wearing a modern and sleeveless shirt today.
3. She ride a new and shiny bicycle.
4. He writes popular and beautiful and imported award winning novels.
5. This shop is much nicer and friedlier
6. She wore a new and shiny watch..
7. Ben is an gentle and polite boy
8. Lindas hair is long and gorgeous
9. This wooden floor is tough and durable
10. I met an honest and humble person in Kuala Lumpur
ADJECTIVES
ORDER OF ADJECTIVES
O Opinion
S Shape
A Age
C Colour
O Origin
M Material
EXAMPLES
1. I love that really big old green antique car that is always parked at the end of the street.
[quality size age color qualifier]
2. My sister has a beautiful big white bulldog. [quality size color]
3. A wonderful old Italian clock. [opinion age origin]
4. A big square blue box. [size shape color]
5. A disgusting pink plastic ornament. [opinion color material]
6. Some new slim designer trousers. [age shape origin]
7. My small new red sleeping bag. [size age color purposee]
8. I bought a pair of black leather shoes. [color material]

69
COMPARING ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES

1. This house is bigger than that one.
2. This flower is more beautiful than that.
3. He is taller than Mr. Hans
4. He is more intelligent than this boy.
5. Johnny Deepley is the most handsome man on campus.
6. This is the prettiest dress in the window.
7. I lost my most comfortable shoes.
8. My job is worse than yours.
COMPOUND ADJECTIVES EXAMPLES

1. This is a four-foot table.
2. Rohani is a part-time worker.
3. This is an all-too-common error.
4. Beware of the green-eyed monster.
5. He is a cold-blooded man.
6. We saw a man-eating shark!
7. Matthews dog is well-behaved.
8. You have to be open-minded about things.
ADJECTIVAL PHRASE EXAMPLES

1. Nurlina is really clever.
2. The doctor is very late.
3. My sister is fond of animals.
4. I am happy to meet you.
5. The kids are ready to go.
6. Dont be afraid of the dark.
7. Arif lost his dark brown briefcase.
8. Hes an extraordinary looking man.
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Here are some of the sample sentences students could write about the character...
His aftershave smells like sea breeze (smell)
His lips taste sweet like ripe fruit (taste)
He has a high-pitched laugh (sound)
His hair feels wiry (touch)
LIST OF ADJECTIVES ACCORDING TO WORD GROUPS.

Appearance adjectives
adorable glamorous quaint
beautiful handsome sparkling
clean long ugliest
drab magnificent unsightly
elegant old-fashioned wide-eyed
fancy plain
Color adjectives
reddish greenish grayish
orangeish bluish blackish
yellowish
Condition adjectives
alive gifted rich
better helpful shy
careful important tender
clever inexpensive uninterested
dead mushy vast
easy odd wrong
famous powerful
Personality adjectives Positive
agreeable happy relieved
brave jolly silly
calm kind thankful
delightful lively victorious
eager nice witty
faithful obedient zealous
gentle proud

71
Personality adjectives Negative

angry helpless panicky
bewildered itchy repulsive
clumsy jealous scary
defeated lazy thoughtless
embarrassed mysterious uptight
fierce nervous worried
grumpy obnoxious
Shape adjectives
broad high skinny
chubby hollow square
crooked low steep
curved narrow straight
deep round wide
flat shallow
Size adjectives
big large scrawny
colossal little short
fat mammoth small
gigantic massive tall
great miniature teeny
huge petite teeny-tiny
immense puny tiny
Sound adjectives
cooing melodic screeching
deafening noisy thundering
faint purring voiceless
hissing quiet whispering
loud raspy
Time adjectives
ancient long rapid
brief modern short
early old slow
fast old-fashioned swift
late quick young
Taste/touch adjectives
bitter melted sweet
delicious nutritious tart
fresh prickly tasteless
greasy rainy uneven
72
juicy rotten weak

hot salty wet
icy sticky wooden
loose strong yummy
Touch adjectives
boiling crooked filthy
breeze cuddly flaky
broken curly fluffy
bumpy damaged freezing
chilly damp hot
cold dirty warm
cool dry wet
creepy dusty
Quantity adjectives
abundant heavy sparse
empty light substantia
few many
full numerous
IRREGULAR VERBS
PRESENT PAST PAST PARTICIPLE
become became become
bite bit bitten
blow blew blown
break broke broken
buy bought bought
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
creep crept crept
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove have/ has driven
dwell dwelt dwelt
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fly flew flown
73
find found found

freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
handwrite handwrote handwritten
hang hung hung
hide hid hidden
hold held held
inlay inlaid inlaid
inbreed inbred inbred
interweave interwove interwoven
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
leap leapt leapt
leave left left
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mistake mistook mistaken
outdo outdid outdone
outshine outshone outshone
overtake overtook overtaken
pay paid paid
ride rid ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
speed sped sped
spoil spoilt spoilt
sleep slept slept

74
steal stole stolen

stink stank stank
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
unbend unbent unbent
undergo underwent undergone
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

! To describe an action that has taken place. Singular noun + past participle
! The exact time the action happened is unknown. (has)
Plural noun + past participle (have)
! Is used with already, yet, since and for
! Ex:
- I have already told her the news.
- I have not told her the news yet.
- I have not seen Siti since last year.
- I have not seen Siti for ten years.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

! Is used for an activity that started in the past and is continued to the present.
! Ex:
- She has been sleeping all morning. Singular noun + has + been + continuous
- I have been working the whole day. verb
Plural noun + have + been + continuous verb
! Is also used for since and for
! Ex:
- I have been writing the letter for the whole afternoon.
- Ain has been crying since last night. Brian watched television.
(PAST PERFECT TENSE)
PAST PERFECT TENSE 1
! Is used for a past action that was completed before another action. Brian went to bed.
2 (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)
! The sentence is: Singular noun + had + past participle

- After Brian had watched television, he went to bed. Plural noun + had + past participle

75
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

! To describe an action that has taken place. Singular noun + past participle
! The exact time the action happened is unknown. (has)
Plural noun + past participle (have)
! Is used with already, yet, since and for
! Ex:
- I have already told her the news.
- I have not told her the news yet.
- I have not seen Siti since last year.
- I have not seen Siti for ten years.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

! Is used for an activity that started in the past and is continued to the present.
! Ex:
- She has been sleeping all morning. Singular noun + has + been + continuous
- I have been working the whole day. verb
Plural noun + have + been + continuous verb
! Is also used for since and for
! Ex:
- I have been writing the letter for the whole afternoon.
- Ain has been crying since last night.
Brian watched television.

(PAST PERFECT TENSE)
PAST PERFECT TENSE 1
! Is used for a past action that was completed before another action.
Brian went to bed.
2 (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)
! The sentence is:

- After Brian had watched television, he went to bed.
Singular noun + had + past participle
Plural noun + had + past participle

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TYPE OF SENTENCES
Practice 1
Identify the following sentences as simple (S), compound (C), complex (CX).
1. Since it was a holiday, we decided to go for a picnic at Teluk Cempedak.
2. You must be at the bus station before 4 pm.
3. The pupil skipped classes for a week; consequently, he missed his English test. ..
4. Anna was fond of carrots, but Dylan preferred cabbage. .
5. The girl who is standing next to me is my best friend. .
6. Mimi and Jaja have gone swimming at the old fishing hole near the mill. .
7. The men painted the wall yesterday. .
8. Everyone laughed, but Adam did not think the joke was funny. .
9. The book which I bought from the bookstore was missing. .
10. My father drove his car to the office every morning. .
Practice 1
1. CX 6. C
2. S 7. S
3. C 8. C
4. C 9. CX
5. CX 10. S

77
Practice 2
Combine the following simple sentences to make compound or complex sentences.
1. Ali was late for work. His boss was very angry.
2. I went to the show last night. I was robbed in the car park.
3. Her favourite flower was the carnation. She always wore it in her hair.
4. My parents wanted me to study abroad. I decided to study in the local university.
5. The king gave his daughter everything she wanted. The king loved her very much.
Practice 2
1. Ali was late for work so his boss was very angry.
2. When I went to the show last night, I was robbed in the car park.
3. Her favourite flower was the Carnation which she always wore in her hair.
4. My parents wanted me to study abroad, however, I decided to study in the local
university.
5. The king gave his daughter everything she wanted because he loved her very much.

78
PAST TENSE
Practice 1
Read the following passage and then fill in each of the numbered blanks with the past tense form
of the verb given in the bracket. (simple past, past continuous, passive form)
Hasimah woke up suddenly to find herself soaked to the skin. She (1)__________(jump) out of
her bed. To her horror her bedroom (2) _____________(be) filled with water reaching to her
knees. Just then her parents and younger brother (3)_____________(enter) her room. , urging her
to gather her important documents and items she could save, and then follow them out of their
house and (4)____________(move) to a higher ground. The electricity supply had been cut off
and it (5)_____________(be) dangerous to keep on staying in darkness. They could not do a
thing with only two torchlights left. Once they (6) ____________(be) out of the house they saw
that the entire neighbourhood was flooded. Most of the neighbours were already moving their
valuable possessions to a higher place. They (7) _____________(seem) unhappy and a bit tired.
Some of them (8)____________(be) transported in police boats especially children and the
elderly. Some men (9)_________ (hear) talking about the flood. They never (10)
____________(expect) it would be that bad this time around. They (11) ____________(not,
prepare) for it. However, they were still thankful as the authorities (12)____________(do) all
they could to help the flood victims.
Practice 1
1. jumped 7. seemed
2. was 8. were
3. entered 9. were heard
4. moved 10. expected
5. was 11. were not prepared
6. were 12. did

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Practice 2
Titanic had been proudly referred to as the unsinkable. Yet, on the morning of 15 April 1912,
she (1) __________ (go) down bringing with her 1513 out of 2224 passengers on board.
The Titanic, nearly 274 metres long and eleven decks high (2) ___________(leave) on 10 April
for New York, on her maiden voyage. The passengers on board (3) ___________(be) from all
levels of society including millionaires and the rich and famous. The upper deck (4)
_____________(occupy) by these groups while the lower decks (5) ____________(be) full with
emigrants.
On the fourth day of her voyage, she (6) ____________(hit) an iceberg which cut a 90- metre
slice in her full. Many of the passengers (7) ____________(be) unaware of the damage. The
cabins were soon (8)____________(flood) and at 12.05am, the Captain, Edward Smith, (9)
_______________(give) the order to launch the lifeboats. Unfortunately, there were only
eighteen lifeboats which (10)___________(not, be) enough to accommodate all the passengers.
The safety of the first class passengers (11) _____________(give) priority over the others. At
2.20a.m, the SS Titanic (12)____________(slid) down into her grave in the North-West Atlantic.
Practice 2
1. went 7. were
2. left 8. flooded
3. were 9. gave
4. were occupied 10. were not
5. were 11. was given
6. hit 12. slid

80
Practice 3
When I (1)____________(return) to the common, the sun (2) __________(be) setting.
Scattered groups were (3) _____________( hurry) from the direction of Woking, and one or two
persons (4)_____________(return). The crowd about the pit had increased, and stood out black
against the lemon yellow of the sky, a couple of hundred people perhaps. There (5)
_________(be) raised voices, and some sort of struggle (6)____________(appear) to be going on
about the pit. Strange imaginings (7)__________(pass) through my mind. As I drew nearer I
heard Stents voice.
Keep back! Keep back!
A boy (8) ____________(come) running towards me.
Its moving, he (9)___________(say) to me.
I (10) ____________(go) on to the crowd. There (11)___________(be) really, I should
think, two or three hundred people elbowing and jostling one another, the one or two ladies there
being by no means the least active.
The crowd swayed a little, and I (12) ____________(elbow) my way through. Everyone
seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the pit and saw a boy in the
corner of the room.
Practice 3
1. returned 7. passed
2. was 8. came
3. hurrying 9. said
4. were returning 10. went
5. were 11. were
6. appeared 12. elbowed

RATIONAL CLOZE

82
1119/2
RATIONAL CLOZE
7 marks
TEXT 1 People
Question 1-7 are based on the following passage. Choose the best answer to fill in each blank.
Shah Rukh Khan, King Khan or just SRK, as he is often referred to, has taken the North
Indian movie world or Bollywood by storm. Within just ___1___ decade he has become an icon
to millions of ____2___ all over India and the outside world, whenever there is sizeable Indian
population.___3___, no other movie star ____4___ the continent of India has ever ____5___ so
much fame in a short time.
Wherever he goes, girls go into frenzy when ____6____ see him, screaming, Wow, I
Love You, Marry Me. When King Khan comes into town for his concerts, awards functions
or even at the rare movie-shooting stints that he has in the country, there is absolute Shahrukh-
mania!
This superstar from the make-believe world of Indian cinema is so ____7___ that a wax
statue of the Khan was unveiled at Madam Tussauds in London last year.
( Adapted from MEP Vol 2 )
1. A. a C. from
B. an D. by
C. the
D. - 5. A. achieve
B. achieves
2. A. supporters C. achieving
B. fans D. achieved
C. crowd
D. people 6. A. they
B. we
3. A. In fact C. you
B. In addition D. he
C. Therefore
D. Nevertheless 7. A. brave
B. famous
4. A. to C. intelligent
B. between D. likeable
83
TEXT 2 Environment
Cyclones are large revolving storms caused by winds blowing around a central area of
low atmospheric pressure caused by a process called convection.
They ___1___ over warm waters in the tropical regions of ____2___ oceans when sea
temperature is at least 27 degree Celsius down to a ____3___ of about 80 metres and the air in
the upper atmosphere is cold.
In Southern Hemisphere, cyclones blow in a clockwise direction while in the Northern
Hemisphere ____4___ blow in counter-clockwise motion.
The normal life cycle of a cyclone is about nine days but some have been ____5____ to
drag on for twenty days or more. Some take days to reach their peak strength while some
___6___ mature to their destructive power in less than 48 hours. Cyclones weaken ____7___ as
they move over land masses or over colder ocean waters. On losing their strength, they pass over
land as tropical storms. ( Adapted from MEP Vol 2 )
1. A. develop 5. A. know
B. develops B. knows
C. developed C. known
D. developing D. knowing
2. A. a 6. A. will
B.an B. must
C. the C .may
D. D. have to
3. A. long 7. A. gradually
B. depth B. eventually
C. height C. slightly
D. weight D. rapidly
4. A. it
B. he
C. we
D. they

84
TEXT 3 Social Issue

On 2nd June, 2012 as I was watching the CNN News, I was shocked to see the atrocities
inflicted upon poor girls and women from Bolivia who were brought to Argentina to work in the
sweatshops as bonded slaves. ____1____ poor women and children were subjected to
unbelievable harsh conditions. Seeing this happen ____2____ the 21st Century is a shame to
mankind. Slavery ____3____ but in a more fashionable manner called Modern Day Slavery-
Human Trafficking. The scenes that I saw on my television screen impacted me very much
____4____ prompted me to highlight the issue.
Most of us as ___5___ society, tend to deny the existence of modern day slavery and
claim that slavery was abolished roughly 150 years ago. It is _____6____ important to
acknowledge that slavery does exist in the ____7____ today and differentiate between historical
slavery and modern day slavery. ( Adapted from English essential Vol 18 )
1. A. This 5. A. a
B. That B. an
C. These C. the
D. Those D. -
2. A. on 6. A. therefore
B. in B. moreover
C. of C . in spite of
D. by D. besides
3. A. exist 7. A. region
B. exists B. nation
C. existed C. world
D. existing D.country
4. A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so

85
TEXT 4 Health
Kidney failure and the need for dialysis treatment have been identified as very serious
problems in Malaysia. ____1____ number of patients requiring dialysis has increased
dramatically____2____ the past twenty years. More than 2500 people develop end-stage renal
failure every year. This is about 100 persons per million population per year and ___3___ year
by year.
Our kidneys are our bodys natural filter. As blood passes through the kidneys, the bodys
waste products and excess fluid in the body are removed. ____4___ waste product and excess
fluid are then sent through the ureters to the bladder and passed out of the body as urine.
Healthy kidneys also balance the chemicals in the blood, and produce hormones
____5____ control blood pressure and maintain healthy blood cells and bones. When ____6___
kidneys are healthy, they clean your blood ____7___ remove excess fluid in the form of urine.
( Adapted from MEP Vol.2 )
1 A. A
B. An 5 A. who
C. The B. whom
D. - C. which
D. whose
2 A. over
B. into 6 A. my
C. onto B. your
D. above C. our
D. their
3 A. increase
B. increases 7 A. or
C. increased B. so
D. increasing C. and
D. but
4 A. This
B. That
C. These
D. Those
86
TEXT 5 Science & Technology

Emily, a 30-year-old Economist, became so addicted to Candy Crush Saga, a free game
for Facebook, smartphones and other digital devices, that she would ___1___ awake at 1 a.m.
imagining her fingers swiping ___2____ the screen to line up rows for ____3___ coloured
lollies.
Three in a row ___4___ deliver a satisfying squelch as they burst and moved the
Australian mother-of-two closer to the next level. Candy Crush Saga is a simple game but the
hold it has over ___5___ devoted followers is complex and incredibly strong. They are
reminiscent of gamblers ___6___ cannot help but feed another twenty dollars into a poker, or
slot machine. For Emily the urge to play Candy Crush Saga was so strong that she would drive to
work in the morning and before getting out of the car would squeeze in a few games.
However, her low point had yet to come. Walking along, with her fingers swiping her
phone and her ____7____ fixated on the screen, Emily fell down a flight of stairs. A bruised hip
and smashed iPhone screen later, she went cold turkey and deleted Candy Crush Saga from her
phone.
( Adapted from Readers Digest Sept 2014 )
1. A. lie
B. lies 5. A. its
C. lied B. our
D. lying C. her
D. their
2. A. over
B. into 6. A. who
C. across B. that
D. above C. which
D. whom
3. A. clearly
B. brightly 7. A. gaze
C. dimly B. stare
D. vaguely C. look
D. glance
4. A. must
B. would
C. should
D. ought to

87
Answers for Rational Cloze Practices
TEXT 1
1. A 5. D
2. B 6. A
3. A 7. B
4. C
TEXT 2
1. A 5. C
2. C 6. C
3. B 7. D
4. D
TEXT 3
1. C 5. A
2. B 6. A
3. B 7. C
4. A
TEXT 4
1. C 5. C
2. A 6. B
3. D 7. C
4. C
TEXT 5
1. A 5. A
2. C 6. A
3. B 7. A
4. B

88
READING
COMPREHENSION
& SUMMARY
1119 Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

89
1119/2
READING COMPREHENSION & SUMMARY WRITING
25 marks
50 minutes
Comprehension - 10 marks
Summary Writing:
Content points - 10 marks
Language - 5 marks
STYLE AND PRESENTATION DESCRIPTORS SUMMAR

MARKS PARAPHRASE MARKS PARAPHRASE
- a sustained attempt to - language is accurate
5 rephrase the text 5 - occasional errors
Excellent - expression is secure Excellent - sentence structure
- difficult phrases from varied
text may be substituted - marked ability to use
original complex syntax
- punctuation
- noticeable attempt to - language is almost
rephrase the text always accurate
4 - free from stretches of 4 - serious errors will be
Good lifting Good isolated
- expression is generally - some variation of
secure sentences
- punctuation accurate
- spelling largely accurate
- intelligent and selective - language largely
lifting but limited accurate
3 attempts to rephrase 3 - simple structures
Fair - expression may not Fair dominate
always be secure - serious errors not
frequent but noticeable
- spelling nearly always
accurate
- total lifting of text but - meaning is not in doubt
not a complete - serious errors more
2 transcript 2 frequent
Unsatisfactory - attempts to substitute Unsatisfactory - simple structures
but only for single accurate but not
words maintained
- irrelevant sections more - spelling accurate
frequent - some irrelevant parts
- more or less a transcript - heavy frequency of
1 of the text 1 errors
Poor - no originality Poor - hampers reading
- irrelevant sections - fractured syntax /
copied fragmented
Paraphrase = 5
Use of English = 4 .

90
9 2 = 4.5 = 5 marks
PASSAGE 1 Social Issue
Questions 1 6 are based on the following passage.
1 It was Sunday afternoon and I was lazing around at home savouring

every bit of the weekend holiday. My growling stomach indicated that it was
way past lunch time but I could not seem to get myself off the couch. I became
ravenous with each passing minute and was forced out of my cocoon.
2 Though the weather was scorching hot, I gathered my courage to set out
in search of food. I decided to go to a nearby restaurant. The blazing hot sun 5
tempted me to drive but I aborted the idea as finding a parking space would be a
nightmare. So, I grabbed an umbrella and started walking.
3 The air was thick with humidity, causing me to sweat profusely and my
flimsy tissue shredded into pieces. When I was passing by a bus stop, I noticed
an elderly man looking my way longingly. I nodded and smiled at him out of
courtesy and moved on. All of a sudden, he put out a hand and stopped me. I 10
turned to him in astonishment and he asked: Are you staying somewhere
around here?
4 I was tempted to mutter a yes and walk away but my mind overruled it
as impolite. My house is across the road and I am on my way to lunch, I told
him. What is the time now? My watch has stopped, he said, pointing to his
wristwatch. Although I was getting impatient, I managed a smile and told him it 15
was three in the afternoon.
5 I came here on an errand and am returning home. I have been waiting
for the bus for more than an hour but none showed up, he said exasperatedly. I
really felt sorry for him because I had come across such situations before. The
buses plying the route did not stick to the schedule much to the annoyance of
the public. Until a year ago, I depended on public transport too and was very 20
much relieved when I could afford a car.
6 I asked him not to worry as the bus would come eventually. But I am in
a rush. I am staying very far away and I have to take a couple of buses and the
Light Rail Transit (LRT) train before I could reach home, he rambled on. The
awful weather and hunger took its toll on me and I butted in, Yes, sir. I 25
understand your predicament but I cant do much. I regretted for making my
irritation visible but it was too late. Surprisingly, the man did not seem to take
offence.
7 To make amends for my terrible behaviour earlier, I asked him what he
wanted. He said in a measured tone, I want to ask you a favour and hope that
you do not mind. Can you give me RM50 please? I am not feeling well and 30
cant wait for the bus anymore. Moreover, this hot weather is unbearable. In
fact, I have asked a cab driver and he told that the charges would be more than
RM50. You know how unscrupulous the cabbies can be by refusing to use the
meter. I have spent all my money and am left with RM10.
8 I took a quick scan of him from head to toe. He looked like he was in his
50s. His curly black hair was combed neatly In terms of dressing; he looked 35
decent in a short sleeved shirt and a pair of matching slacks. The sheen on his
black shoes he was wearing proved that they were new. In short, he did not look
like a needy or disadvantaged person.
9 He waited for my reply patiently as I was getting alarmed. Is he pulling
91
a fast one and trying to fleece me? I have heard stories about how unsuspecting
people were conned when they acted on impulse. Finally, I decided not to part 40
with my money and told him that I did not have enough cash. But he did not
seem to give up. Believe me, I am not cheating you, I am in dire need, he
pleaded. How would I know if you are telling me the truth? You could be
taking me for a ride to make a quick buck, I told him unceremoniously and
turned on my heels, ignoring his request for help. Upon reaching the restaurant,
I ordered a plate of fried rice and iced lemon tea. I could barely finish half the 45
food as my appetite was lost. The thought of the man haunted me and I had no
choice but to ponder if I had done the right thing.
10 When I reached the bus stop, I was utterly shocked. There was a
commotion and a crowd had gathered. At closer inspection, I noticed the man in
distress being carried into a car which sped off. A good Samaritan had offered 50
to take him to the hospital. I asked an onlooker what had happened and he told
me that the man fainted while waiting for the bus and that he could not be
revived.
11 I froze in despair and headed home with a heavy heart. My eyes were
moist with tears and I kept blinking them away. I could have prevented his pain 55
and misery. I was judgemental and refused to see that there was more to it than
met the eye. Whoever he was, I prayed for his quick recovery.
Adapted from MEP Volume 04
1. From paragraph 2, why did the writer decide to walk instead of driving?
..
[1 mark]
2. From paragraph 4,
a) what made the writer stop to answer the mans question?

[1 mark]
b) where was the writer heading to?

[1 mark]
a) why did the writer interrupt the old mans rambling?

[1 mark]
b) the old man faced a dilemma. Which word in the text means dilemma?
...
[1 mark]
c) give a reason why you think the old man did not seem to take offense of the
writers attitude.
.
[1 mark]

92
a) what decision did the writer finally make towards the mans request for money?
.
[1 mark]
b) which sentence suggests that the writer felt guilty about ignoring his request for
help?
..
[1 mark]
5. Would you give the RM50 to a roadside beggar? Provide two reasons to support your
answer.
Reason 1:[1 mark]
Reason 2:[1 mark]
6. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

the predicaments that the man had to face in order to go home, and
what happened to him at the end
Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the original
meaning.
Your summary must:

be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
use materials from line 20 to line 61
not to be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below.
Begin your summary as follows:
The man was there on an errand and was returning .
[15 marks]

93

94
PASSAGE 2 - Environment
1 Scrawny chickens and giggling children scatter as lady on a gleaming red

bicycle careens down a rutted track between the trees and shacks of a hillside
settlement near Buffelsdraai outside Verulem, some 30km north of Durban in
South Africa.
2 She stops in a spurt of red dust beside a neat cinder-block home, and
unbuckles a blue helmet to reveal the fading cornrow braids of a dignified 5
woman of 47. I am a mother of 11 children and a grandmother of six, says
Bongiwe Ntseoana, smiling shyly. But I love to ride my bike! It keeps me fit;
it carries me to the shops and to the river for water. Best of all, Bongiwe loves
the sense of achievement it gives her and what it signals to others in her
community. When I ride it, it tells other women what they can achieve too! 10
she beams.
3 Bongiwes life began to change when she joined the Buffelsdraai
Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project and is now one of the most
successful members. The project began six years ago, in 2008 as a partnership
between Wildlands Conservation Trust, a non-profit organisation, and the
eThekwini (Durban) Municipality to turn 809ha of denuded land around the 15
Buffelsdraai landfill into a vibrant wetland forest and grassland ecosystem.
Wild-lands supplies seeds of indigenous trees and shrubs to volunteer Tree-
preneurs such as Bongiwe, who propagate them into saplings that they then
trade back for credits.
4 I have now learnt to gather my own seed, says Bongiwe with pride, 20
leading the way to the tree nursery shes established beside her home. I plant
them in containers that I make from old plastic bottles. My children and others
collect them, so our area is now much cleaner. We also recycle things such as
old sacks, rusted roofing and broken bed frames to make fencing to keep out the
chickens.
5 When the saplings reach a height of 30cm, Wildlands buys the young 25
trees in exchange for point towards livelihood support, including sturdy
Qhubeka and Coca-Cola Buffalo bicycles assembled in Pietermaritzburg. This
is part of a joint programme by Wildlands and World Bicycle Relief to provide
people in rural areas with green transport. The bicycles are engineered
specifically for African terrain and load requirements. For every 100 trees I
grow, I earn a bicycle, explains Bongiwe, surveying her burgeoning saplings 30
with satisfaction. I am growing bicycles
6 Nondumiso Khumalo, the local project manager for Wildlands, explains
that the project fosters education, independence and better health through a
cleaner, greener environment. Wildlands also employs other community
members to plant the saplings and reforest the landfill. Besides, they also plant 35
them on denuded riverbanks, around barren community centres and in sun
bleached schoolyards.
7 During 2012, Wildlands and other Tree-preneurs from neighbouring
communities grew an astonishing 211, 966 trees and bartered them for bicycles
and other goods, such as building materials. More than 330, 000 trees have been
95
planted at the landfill. This has become a benchmark forest restoration project 40
for South Africa, says Lauren Laing, Wildlands communication manager. The
project is also currently securing carbon certification through Climate,
Community and Biodiversity (CCB) Standards as part of a pledge made by
the eThekwini Municipality to support a carbon neutral 2010 FIFA World Cup.
Its a major achievement, Lauren says.
8 But no-one has achieved quite as much as Bongiwe. In her time with 45
the project, she has personally grown more than 2400 trees, earning 24 bicycles.
I get as excited as a child when they arrive, all shiny and wrapped in plastics,
she confides, patting four that have just been delivered. I sell most of them,
and they are assisting local children get to school and their parents get to work,
all without polluting the air. Some have been bought by migrant workers who 50
take them as far as Mozambique.
9 The income has changed our lives, she says quietly. Bongiwe is
blind in one eye from a childhood accident. Until 2008 she supported her family
by growing what food she could in a communal garden several kilometres
away, while her husband, Joseph, worked as a plasterer. But then he joined the
swollen ranks of the communitys unemployed. We have six children still 55
attending school and we struggled to buy uniforms, books, even shoes, she
sighs. That has changed. Our children are able to get an education. After
school they take off their uniforms and help her fetch water from the river for
the trees. They know they are growing their future. Joseph too has found
new-life, he says, stroking his grey-peppered beard. 60
Adapted from Readers Digest 2013
1. From paragraph 1, where is Buffelsdraai situated?
..
[1 mark]
2. From paragraph 2, give two reasons why Bongiwe loves to ride her bike.
i)
[1 mark]
ii)
[1 mark]
3. a) From paragraph 3, what do the Tree-prenuers get in return for propagating the
seeds into saplings?

[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 4, how does Bongiwe plant her seeds in her tree nursery?
...
[1 mark]
c) From paragraph 5, give a reason why you think the bicycles are engineered
specifically for African terrain and load requirements.
.
[1 mark]
96
4. a) From paragraph 8, I get as excited as a child when they arrive, all shiny and
wrapped in plastics, What does they refer to?

[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 9, which phrase indicates that Bongiwe has physical disability?

[1 mark]
5. In your own words, state one quality that Bongiwe has. Provide a reason to support
your own answer.
Quality: ..............................[1 mark]
Reason :...[1 mark]
The contributions of Wildlands Conservation Trust to the community of

Bufflesdraai
meaning.
Your summary must:

Wildlands Conservation Trust has contributed to Bufflesdraai community by supplying..
[15 marks]

97

98
PASSAGE 3 - People
Questions 1 - 6 are based on the following passage.
1 My son Zach was born with brain damage that occurred during his birth.
His brother Gerry older by three minutes is fine. Zach is now 24, but his
comprehension skills are roughly that of an eight or nine-year-old. He can
read, but he doesnt understand many of the sentences. He cant add a hundred
plus a hundred, although he does know the result is a lot. I took him to see the 5
movie Spartacus when he was nine, and after a blood-flowing scene at a Roman
villa where Kirk Douglas single-handedly killed two million buffed-up soldiers
with a plastic knife, he turned to me and said, Look, Dad! A pool! He has
always loved the pools. Unfortunately, he cant even differentiate similar
looking things.
2 As Zach grew out of childhood, I never knew how much he would 10
understand. While his vocabulary expanded rapidly, his knowledge of what
words meant did not keep pace. When I tried to explain something abstract, I
could sense him sifting through his hard drive with its millions of data points.
But the hard drive did not help him with concepts like preventive health
measures of racism. He knew who the US president was, but not Osama bin 15
Laden. He knew something terrible had happened on 9/11, but when the
anniversary came, he called to wish me a Happy 9/11.
3 Instead, our relationship had been largely predicated on games. He loved
goofy hypotheticals: What would happen if he did something I told him he
could not do. When I kissed him goodnight, he invariably asked me questions -
if there was a certain word or name he could not say after I turned out the lights. 20
What cant I say?
You cant say Rick Lyman?
What happens if I say Rick Lyman?
I will have to come back upstairs.
4 Dressed in his usual T-shirt and gym shorts, anticipating the tickling war 25
we referred to as cuddies, he began to giggle. I walked down the stairs and
waited at the second-floor landing. He was plotting strategy. RICK ! Zach
screamed. (I waited for his predictable move.) Rick Lyman!!!!!!!!!
5 I ran back upstairs and banged open the door. It was on. I threw pillows
at him. He threw pillows at me. I got a hold of him and tickled. He kicked me in 30
the head. I chased him around the room, became exhausted, and had to stop. He
seemed exhausted as well. I rolled the top sheet over him, kissed him
goodnight, and went back downstairs. From above I could hear a pulsating
drum getting louder and louder. Rick Lyman RICK LYMAN! RICK
LYMAN!!!
6 He could have gone on forever. At any time. At any age. But when he 35
turned 21, after nearly 15 straight years of doing it, I decided it had to stop. I
was ambivalent about giving it up, but I could not stand it anymore. It only
reaffirmed our frozenness.
99
Zach, youre 21 now. Not six. This is what six-year-olds do. I cant do it
anymore.
Sorry, Dad. 40
There is nothing to be sorry about. Youre just too old. Youre 21. What
happens when you are 21?
You are not supposed to do things like that anymore.
Thats right. Do you understand why?
Im 21. Im too old for this now.
7 I closed the door to his room. I stood outside, then burst back in. Just 45
dont say goodnight. It was on again. I knew it was one of the things he loved
about being with me. I was scared of losing it. It is strange to love someone so
much who is still so fundamentally mysterious. Strange is a lousy word. It is the
most terrible pain of my life. As much as I try to engage Zach, I also run from
this challenge. I run out of guilt. I run because I was robbed, and I feel I was 50
robbed. I run because of my shame.
8 But whatever happens with Zach, I know I cannot think in terms of my
best interests, even if I think they are also in his best interests. Zach will be
where and who he will be. Because he needs to be. Because he wants to be.
Because as famed physician Oliver Sacks said, all children, whatever the
impairment, are propelled by the need to make themselves whole. They may not 55
get there, and they may need massive guidance, but they must forever try.
Adapted from Readers Digest September 2013
a) what was wrong with Zach at birth?

[1 mark]
b) what does pool refer to?

[1 mark]
2. From paragraph 3, why do you think Zach loves goofy hypotheticals?

[1 mark]
a) which word means hesitant?

[1 mark]
b) why did Zachs father decide to stop playing the game?

[1 mark]
4. a) From paragraph 7, state two evidence which indicate Zachs fathers frustration.
i) ... [1 mark]
ii) .. [ 1 mark]

100
b) From paragraph 8, what do all children need according to Oliver Sacks?
...
[1 mark]
5. In your own opinion, what type of relationship did Zach have with his father?
Provide a reason to support your own answer.
Type of relationship: ..........[1 mark]
Reason :.
[1 mark]

Zachs impairment
ways Zach and his father bond with each other through games
meaning.
Your summary must:

24-year-old Zach was born with brain damage and he cant.
[15 marks]

101

102
PASSAGE 4 - Health
1 Chuck was alone in a secluded area, plunged into darkness and

struggling to keep his balance in the middle of a river. He couldnt even call
someone for help hed left his mobile phone at home. Chuck dropped his rod
and moved slowly through the water, stepping carefully until he felt the
riverbank under his feet. 5
2 I knew I had to make it back up that hill and to the trail, where there
was a chance that joggers might find me, recalls Chuck, now 52. Luckily, I
was familiar with the place. He proceeded slowly, with his arms extended to
avoid walking into trees. Eventually reaching his vehicle, he climbed inside and
sat in the drivers seat, unable to drive or contact anyone. After a few hours, 10
when Chuck could see well enough to drive, he made a beeline to the hospital.
3 Chucks doctor ran blood work. Two days later, the stunned physician
called Chuck and ordered him to go to the ER immediately. The tests showed
that his level of creatinine, a natural waste by-product produced by muscle
activity, was sky-high an indication that he was in full kidney failure. After 15
admitting Chuck to the intensive care unit, the doctors inserted a catheter into
his neck so he could receive dialysis treatment. Typically, dialysis lasts about
four hours. But Chucks condition was so severe, his treatment spanned a day
and a half.
4 When the hospital told Chuck and his wife, Julie, that Chuck could 20
qualify for a kidney transplant, Julie asked to be tested as a potential match. But
Chuck wouldnt allow it. The youngest of their three children was in middle
school and he wanted Julie to focus on caring for them instead. Without a new
kidney immediately available, Chuck was put on a transplant list at the
University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). He continued dialysis 25
treatments three times a week while waiting for a donor.
5 Three and a half years later, Chuck finally received a kidney transplant.
While the surgery was successful, the aftermath was not the transplanted
kidney never performed beyond 50% capacity. It began to fail a year later, and
Chuck landed in the hospital when the anti-rejection drugs he was given built 30
up in his system until they reached dangerous levels. He was placed on dialysis
again.
6 Once more, Julie offered to undergo testing to determine whether she
was a possible donor. Again, Chuck rejected the idea. In 2011, a deceased-
donor kidney was determined to be a match for Chuck. A live-donor kidney 35
one from a living healthy person is preferable because it poses less of a risk of
rejection, and it normally lasts longer. Chuck was in no position to wait for one.
7 The transplant surgery at UMMC was successful, but Chucks body
was soon riddled with infections. Other complications followed, including a
hernia: one morning, he woke up to find his internal organs protruding through 40
his surgical scar. As time passed, the second transplant began to fail, forcing
103
Chuck to reverse himself and ask his wife, Could you please help me?
8 Julie was tested and learned her blood type was not a match. But
another option soon presented itself. In April 2012, she discovered UMMCs
Paired Kidney Exchange (PKE) programme and signed up. The PKE works 45
with the organisations such as the National Kidney Registry to match donors
with recipients. If a live donor wants to give a kidney to a friend or relative but
is incompatible with the recipient, the programme ensures that the donor gets
listed as a potential donor to another recipient. In exchange, the donors friend
or relative is guaranteed a kidney from a matching donor on the list. 50
9 Julie registered with the programme to donate one kidney to an
anonymous person in need, thus securing a kidney for Chuck. In December
2012, just before Chuck was scheduled to begin dialysis again, he received a
phone call. PKE had found a match. This time, Chuck received a new live-
donor kidney, and there were no infections or rejections following the surgery, 55
just a kidney functioning the way it was supposed to.
Adapted from Readers Digest, October 2014
1. From paragraph 1, what was Chuck doing when he started struggling in the middle of
a river?
..
[1 mark]
2. a) From paragraph 2, why did Chuck consider himself lucky?

[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 3, what was the indication of full kidney failure?

[1 mark]
a) which word has the same meaning with possible?

[1 mark]
b) state 2 reasons Chuck disallowed Julie to be tested for a kidney transplant.
i)
[1 mark]
ii)
[1 mark]
4. a) From paragraph 6, why do you think a live-donor kidney was preferable?
.
[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 9, how did Julie finally secure a life for his husband?
.
[1 mark]

104
5. I knew I had to make it back up that hill and to the trail, where there was a chance
that joggers might find me.
Based on this statement, how would you describe Chucks character?

Give a reason to support your answer.
Characteristic: ....
[1 mark]
Reason: .......
[1 mark]

the difficulties that Chuck had gone through before he got a live-donor kidney
transplant
Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the
original meaning.
Your summary must:

After a few hours when Chuck could see well enough
[15 marks]

105

106
PASSAGE 5 - Science and Technology
Questions 1 - 6 are based on the following passage.
1 Photography is the art of creating still or moving pictures by recording

them on film. The word photography itself is derived from the Greek word
(phos) meaning light and (graphis) meaning stylus or drawing. Put together
it simply means drawing with lights. Traditionally, the products of
photography have been called negatives and photographs, commonly shortened 5
to photos.
2 All photography was originally monochrome, meaning the photographs
were black and white. Even after colour film was readily available, black-and-
white photography continued to dominate for decades, due to its lower cost and
its classic photographic look. It is important to note that some monochromatic
pictures are not always pure blacks and whites, but also contain other hues 10
depending on the process. The Cyanotype process produces an image of blue
and white for example. The albumen process which was used more than 150
years ago had brown tones.
3 Many photographers continue to produce monochrome images. One of
the renowned photographers in this field was Ansel Adams. Ansel Easton
Adam (February 20, 1902 April 22 1984) was an American photographer best 15
known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West and
primarily Yosemite National Park. He played with exposure as well as adjusting
the contrast during post processing. The resulting clarity and depth
characterized his photographs. Adams timeless and visually stunning
photographs are reproduced on calendars, posters, and in books, making his 20
photographs widely recognizable. Adams also advocated the idea of
visualization, whereby the final image is seen in the minds eye before taking
the photo. He taught these and other techniques to thousands of amateur
photographers through his publications and his workshops.
4 Black and white photographs are considered to be very traditional; 25
however in todays world a majority of photographers have embraced a more
modern technique of snapping monochromatic photographs. This includes
abstract photography which highlights the artistic argument of art for arts
sake. In the same breath, a budding photographer could pose the obvious
question: why is it, with vibrant colours available in modern photography,
should one opt for black and white photos? 30
5 Depending on the subject, a photographer may use black and white film
to create a stark, sombre tone for his photos. This quality has paved the way for
black and white photography in photojournalism. The vibrancy of colour can, at
times, actually detract from the desired photographic effect. Subtle effects of
texture and lighting that can be lost in colour photographs will stand out in
black and white photography. 35
6 Black and white photos can also add an air of romance, class,
107
timelessness and mystery to otherwise ordinary photographs. A run-of-the-mill

colour photo may look entirely different when seen in black and white. For this
reason, both wedding and gothic photography have embraced the timeless
quality of black and white photos.
7 Without the distraction of colour, other elements of photography stand
out in black and white photos. Consequently, the photographer must pay extra 40
attention to lighting, textures and the basic photography composition within his
viewfinders frame. Black and white photos emphasize the play of light and
shadows without the distraction of colour. This is both a strength and weakness
for black and white photos. In the right lighting conditions, black and white
photographs are beautiful. However, when taken in the wrong light, black and
white images may look washed out or too dark. 45
8 Because shadow and light play such a key role in the effect of black
and white photography, two pictures of the same subjects can create very
different looks at different times of the day. Imagine the play of light through
trees. The contrast between dark tree trunks and light will look very different on
a sunny afternoon than on a misty morning. In both cases, however, the mood 50
achieved with black and white photography is still powerful.
9 Here are a few useful tips for amateur photographers. Because light
and shadow come to the fore in black and white photography, play with the
framing in your pictures. Taking black and white photos framed by, say, the
branches of a tree or an architectural arch can produce beautiful effects.
Another good tip is to opt for black and white photography when the colours in 55
a scene just dont work together. For example if colours in a photograph clash,
opt for black and white to avoid colours that can distract the viewers eye.
10 While black and white photographs reach back to the very origins of
photography, digital cameras represent the forefront of modern photo
technology. At first glance, the two might not seem to go together. Yet, digital
cameras have enhanced the advantages of black and white photography. Many 60
digital cameras now have black and white settings. Whether you snap a photo
with a digital camera or a Polaroid, in black and white, the timeless and
nostalgic feel will always be in.
Adapted from Readers Digest 2013
1. From paragraph 1, where is the word photography taken from?
..
[1 mark]
2. a) From paragraph 2, why does monochrome continue to dominate for decades?

[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 3, give 2 ways how Adam taught his techniques to other
inexperienced photographers.
i)
[1 mark]
ii)
[1 mark]
108
3. From paragraph 5, why do some photographers prefer to use black and white film?

[1 mark]
4. a) From paragraph 8, why do you think the contrast between dark tree trunks and light
will look very different on a sunny afternoon than on a misty morning?
.
[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 10, which phrase means everlasting and sentimental sensation?
.
[1 mark]
5. Would you consider using black and white photos for an important event in your life?
Give a reason to support your answer.
......
[2 marks]
the outstanding features of black and white photography
Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the
original meaning.
Your summary must:

Black-and-white photography continued to have the outstanding features that

dominate for decades
[15 marks]

109

110
PASSAGE 1: Social Issues
1. finding a parking space would be a nightmare

2. a) it was impolite to just walk away
b) she was on her way to lunch
3. a) the awful weather and hunger took its toll on her
b) predicament
c) he really needed her help/ he really needed the money
4. a) she decided not to part with her money/ she told him she did not have enough cash
b) I could barely finish half the food as my appetite was lost
5. Yes. Reason.
No. Reason.
Accept any logical reason.
6. Summary Content Each point scores 1 mark. Maximum: 10 marks

C1 - have been waiting for the bus for more than an hour
C2 - none showed up
C3 - in a rush
C4 - staying very far away
C5 - have to take a couple of buses
C6 - Light Rail Transit (LRT) train
C7 - not feeling well
C8 - hot weather is unbearable
C9 - the charges would be more than RM50
C10 - have spent all my money
C11 - left with RM10
C12 - man being carried into a car/ a good Samaritan had offered to take him to the
hospital
C13 - man fainted
C14 - man could not be revived

111
PASSAGE 2 - Environment
1. (outside Verulem) 30km north of Durban in South Africa

2. i) It keeps her fit
ii) it carries her to the shops and river Choose any 2
iii) she loves the sense of achievement
iv) she loves what it signals to others in her community
3. a) they trade them back for credits
b) she plants them in containers that she makes from old plastic bottles
c) to provide people in rural areas with green transport (Accept any ideas of saving
the environment)
4. a) bicycle
b) blind in one eye
5. Quality : Resourceful
Reason : Because she can provide for her family
C1 - turn denuded land into a vibrant wetland forest and grassland ecosystem
C2 - supplies seeds of indigenous trees
C3 - shrubs to volunteer Tree-preneurs
C4 - buys the young trees in exchange for point towards livelihood support
C5 - provide people in rural areas with green transport
C6 - project fosters education, independence and better health through a cleaner,
greener environment
C7 - employs other community members to plant the saplings
C8 - reforest the landfill
C9 - plant them on denuded riverbanks
C10 - around barren community centres
C11 - in sun bleached schoolyards.
C12 - grew (astonishing amount of ) trees
C13 - bartered them for bicycles and other goods
C14 - securing carbon certification through Climate, Community and Biodiversity
(CCB) Standards
.

112
PASSAGE 3: People
1. a) he was born with brain damage

b) blood
2. he was anticipating the tickling war
3. a) ambivalent
b) it only reaffirmed their frozenness
4. a) i) It is the most terrible pain of my life
ii) I run because I was robbed and I feel I was robbed
b) they need to make themselves whole
5. Type of relationship : fun/ close
Reason : They always play games.

C1 - doesnt understand many of the sentences.
C2 - cant add a hundred plus a hundred
C3 - cant even differentiate similar looking things
C4 - his knowledge of what words meant did not keep pace
C5 - the hard drive did not help him with concepts
C6 - he loved goofy hypotheticals
C7 - asked him questions
C8 - anticipating the tickling war
C9 - waited for his predictable move
C10 - threw pillows
C11 - got a hold of him and tickled
C12 - kicked him in the head
C13 - chased him around the room
C14 - rolled the top sheet over him
C15 - kissed him goodnight

113
PASSAGE 4: Health
1. fishing
2. a) he was familiar with the place
b) level of creatinine was sky high
3. a) potential
b) i) the youngest of their children was in the middle school
ii) he wanted Julie to focus on caring for them
4. a) it poses less of a risk of rejection and it normally lasts longer
b) She registered/ signed up for UMMCs Paired Kidney Exchange Programme
5. Characteristic: Determined
Reason : Even in pain, he was still climbing up the hill

C1 - made a beeline to the hospital.
C2 - ordered him to go to the ER immediately
C3 - his level of creatinine was sky-high
C4 - he was in full kidney failure
C5 - the doctors inserted a catheter into his neck so he could receive dialysis treatment
C6 -Chucks condition was so severe
C7 -was put on a transplant list
C8 - continued dialysis treatments three times a week
C9 - Three and a half years later, Chuck finally received a kidney transplant
C10 - It began to fail a year later
C11 - the anti-rejection drugs he was given built up in his system until they reached
dangerous levels
C12 - He was placed on dialysis again.
C13 - Chucks body was soon riddled with infection
C14 - Other complications followed, including a hernia

114
PASSAGE 5: Science and Technology
1. From Greek word

2. a) due to its lower cost and its classic photographic look
b) i) he played with exposure as well as adjusting the contrast during post processing
level of creatinine was sky high
ii) Adams photograph are reproduce on calendars, posters and in books
iii) Adam also advocated the idea of visualisation
3. to create a strak, somber tone for his photos
4. a) lights on a sunny afternoon is different on a misty morning (Accept any logical a
answer)
b) timeless and nostalgic feel
5. Yes. Reason.
No. Reason.

C1 - its lower cost and its classic photographic look
C2 - includes abstract photography which highlights the artistic argument of art for
arts sake
C3 - create a stark, sombre tone for his photos
C4 - Subtle effects will stand out in black and white photography.
C5 - add an air of romance
C6 - class
C7 - timelessness
C8 - mystery
C9 - A run-of-the-mill colour photo may look entirely different
C10 - Without the distraction of colour, other elements of photography stand out
C11 - emphasize the play of light and shadows without the distraction of colour
C12 - in the right lighting conditions, black and white photographs are beautiful
C13 - two pictures of the same subjects can create very different looks at different
times of the day.
C14 - the mood achieved with black and white photography is still powerful.

115
POEMS

116
THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH
My small grandmother is tall there,

straight-back, white, broderie anglaise shirt,
pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun,
a kind, old smile round her eyes.
Her big hand holds mine,
white hand in the black hand.
Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the eye.
It was true, after all, that look.

My tall grandmother became small.
Her back round and hunched.
Her soup forgot to boil.
She went to the awful place grandmothers go.
Somewhere unknown, unthinkable
But there she is still,

in the photo with me at three,
the crinkled smile is still living, breathing.
Jackie Kay

117
A. Write the words from the poem that match the given meanings.
No. Meanings Word
1 creased (stanza 1)
2 a hairstyle usually sported by old ladies (stanza 1)
3 the posture of a younger person (stanza 1)
4 loss of life (stanza 1)
5 something unacceptable and terrible (stanza 2)
6 a bent back (stanza 2)
7 unrecognised (stanza 2)
8 lines that appear when one smiles (stanza 3)
B. Write the lines from the poem that match the given meanings.
Stanza 1
No. Meanings Lines
1 My grandmother wears a pleated skirt with shoes
without heels and her grey hair tied into a bun.
2 My grandmothers big hand was holding my small
hand.
3 In the photo my grandmother looks tall even though
she is small.
4 My grandmother is dying as anyone can tell from her
eyes.
5 My grandmother has an upright back showing her
energy and she wears a white shirt with embroidery.
6 My grandmother has smiling eyes even though they
look old.
7 Our two hands differ in colour; mine is portrayed as
white while my grandmothers hand is black.
Stanza 2
No. Meanings Lines
1 My grandmother shrank in size.
2 My grandmother became very forgetful.

118
3 After taking the photo, my grandmother changed.
4 My grandmother is now in a place that is unknown

and one we do not want to think of.
5 My grandmothers back started to hunch.
6 In the end, my grandmother died as all old

grandmothers do.
Stanza 3
No. Meanings Lines
1 My grandmothers wrinkled smile is still there in the
photo as she is living and breathing in it.
2 To me, my grandmother is still alive.
3 She was in the photo with me when I was three years

old.
C. Explain these phrases or lines in your own words.

1. a kind, old smile
_________________________________________________________________________
2. big hand holds mine
_________________________________________________________________________
3. white hand in black hand
_________________________________________________________________________
4. her soup forgot to boil
_________________________________________________________________________
5. went to the awful place
_________________________________________________________________________
6. in the photo with me at three

119
_________________________________________________________________________
C. Complete the summary of the poem using the given words or phrases.
The Living Photograph
In the poem The Living Photograph, the persona is describing her grandmother in a
photograph. Her grandmother is standing tall and straight, dressed in a white embroidered
lace blouse with a (1)____________ skirt, and flat shoes. Her grey hair is pulled neatly into a
(2)____________. She is smiling kindly while holding the (3)____________ in hers. As the
persona describes their linked hands, it is evident that they come from a (4)______________
family. The last line suggests that while her grandmother looks strong and healthy, her
(5)______________ is near.
The persona is right. She remembers the time when her (6)___________ becomes
older. Her grandmother has become smaller in size because her straight-back is now
(7)___________. Her once strong grandmother is now a fragile old lady who is also
(8)____________. Eventually she passes away and goes to an (9)___________ place that is
unknown to the persona.
The persona feels her grandmothers presence whenever she looks at the photograph.
She sees her grandmother and herself at three years old with her grandmothers
(10)_____________.
grandmother forgetful
mixed
race awful
bun
personas
crinkled hand
death
smile
pleated hunched

120
ANSWERS : THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH
A.
1. pleated 5. awful
2. bun 6. hunched
3. straight-back 7. unknown
4. death 8. crinkled
B.
Stanza 1
1. Pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun / line 3
2. Her big hand holds mine / line 5
3. My small grandmother is tall there / line 1
4. Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the eye / line 7
5. Straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt / line 2
6. a kind, old smile round her eyes / line 4
7. white hand in black hand / line 6
Stanza 2
1. My tall grandmother become small / line 2
2. Her soup forgot to boil / line 4
3. It was true after all; that look / line 1
4. Somewhere unknown, unthinkable / line 6
5. Her back round and hunched /line 3
6. She went to the awful place grandmothers go / line 5
Stanza 3
1. the crinkled smile is still living, breathing / line 3
2. But there she is still / line 1
3. in the photo with me at three / line 2

121
C. (Suggested answers accept any other reasonable answers)
1. the grandmother might be a warm-hearted person

2. the grandmother and the persona has a close relationship / the grandmother cares for
the persona
3. the persona comes from mixed marriage / refers to the personas mixed blood
4. the grandmother has become senile / forgetful
5. the grandmother has died / passed away / passed on
6. the persona was three years old when the photo was taken.
D.
1. pleated
2. bun
3. personas hand
4. mixed race
5. death
6. grandmother
7. hunched
8. forgetful
9. awful
10. crinkled smile

122
THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH
My small grandmother is tall there,

straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt,
pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun,
a kind, old smile round her eyes.
Her big hand holds mine,
white hand in black hand.
Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the eye.
It was true after all; that look.

My tall grandmother became small.
Her back round and hunched.
Her soup forgot to boil.
She went to the awful place grandmothers go.
Somewhere unknown, unthinkable.
But there she is still,

in the photo with me at three,
the crinkled smile is still living, breathing.
Jackie Kay
Set 1
Read stanza 1 of the poem and answer the questions that follow.
a. In stanza 1, describe the grandmothers attire.
. (1 mark)
b. Why do you think the personas grandmother wore flat shoes?
. (1 mark)
c. Which line in stanza 1 tells us that the personas grandmother was a warm-hearted person?
. (1 mark)
d. Suggest two ways to help a dying grandmother?
i) .. (1 mark)
ii) . (1 mark)

123
Set 2
a. In stanza 2, which word means bent back?
. (1 mark)
b. In stanza 2, what is the meaning of the phrase that look?
. (1 mark)
c. Her soup forgot to boil, what can this line tell you about the grandmothers condition?
. (1 mark)
d. somewhere unknown, unthinkable.
In your opinion, what does this line mean? Give a reason for your answer.
Meaning: (1 mark)
Reason: ... (1 mark)
Set 3
a. How old was the persona when the photo was taken?
.. (1 mark)
b. What is the personas thought on her grandmother in the line But there she is still,?
.. (1 mark)
c. Why do you think the smile is crinkled in line 3?
.. (1 mark)
d. Suggest two ways to cope with the death of our loved ones.
i) . (1 mark)
ii) ... (1 mark)

124
Set 4
Read the poem and answer the questions that follow.
a. In stanza 3, who are the people in the photograph?
. (1 mark)
b. In stanza 1, why do you think the grandmother looks tall in the picture?
. (1 mark)
c. In stanza 2, what emotion was expressed by the persona?
. (1 mark)
d. Do you think it is important to keep pictures of people that we love? Give two reasons for
your answer.
Reason 1: (1 mark)
Reason 2: ... (1 mark)
Set 5
a. Which word in stanza 1 refers to the grandmothers posture?
. (1 mark)
b. In stanza 1, what does white hand in black hand. imply?
. (1 mark)
c. In stanza 2, which line indicates that the grandmothers condition was getting worse?
. (1 mark)
d. In your opinion, how can we treasure our loved ones? Suggest two ways.
i) .. (1 mark)
ii) . (1 mark)

125
The Living Photograph - Answers
Set 1 - Answers
a. Pleated skirt / white broderie anglaise shirt / flat shoes (mention at least two)
b. This is probably because she was old and had weak knees. (accept suitable answer)
c. a kind, old smile round her eyes
d. i) cook for her
ii) help her around the house
iii) talk to her
*accept suitable answer
Set 2 - Answers
a. Hunched
b. Shows dying/ the look of death in her eyes
c. She was forgetful/ senile
d. Meaning: The afterlife/ The personas grandmother died/ The hereafter
Reason: She was old and sick/ She died because of old age and sickness.
Set 3 - Answers
a. Three / three years old
b. She still thinks that her grandmother is alive.
c. Because the person is old. / Older people have more wrinkles that caused the crinkled smile
d. - look at their pictures
- busy ourselves with work
- accept their death whole-heartedly
*accept suitable answers
Set 4 - Answers
a. The persona and her grandmother.
b. The grandmother has straight back/ The grandmother is still healthy.
c. Sad/ depressed/ melancholic.
d. -Yes, so we can remember them when they are gone.
-Yes, because the pictures can help us cope with our loss.
-No, because it will be painful to look at the pictures when they are gone.
Set 5 - Answers
a. Straight-back
b. the persona is of a mixed race
c. My tall grandmother became small./ Her back round and hunched.
d. - tell them you love them
- remember their birthdays
- celebrate their birthdays
*accept suitable answers

126
The Charge of the Light Brigade
Half a league, half a league,

Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
Forward, the Light Brigade!
Charge for the guns! he said.
Into the valley of Death

Was there a man dismayed?
Not though the soldier knew
Some one had blundered.
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die.
Cannon to right of them,

Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volleyed and thundered;
Stormed at with shot and shell,
Boldly they rode and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell
Alfred, Lord Tennyson

127
A. Based on the poem The Charge of the Light Brigade, write the words that match the
given meanings.
No. Meanings Word
1 a unit to measure distance (stanza 1)
2 an army unit or division (stanza 1)
3 the low ground between hills or mountains (stanza 1)
4 disappointed and unhappy (stanza 2)
5 made a serious mistake (stanza 2)
6 a weapon that shoots large metallic balls (stanza 3)
7 large number of bullets fired repeatedly (stanza 3)
8 made loud noise like thunder (stanza 3)
9 to suddenly attack a place (stanza 3)
10 bravely (stanza 3)

128
B. Match the phrases with their meanings by writing the correct number in the box.
No. Phrases Meanings
1 half a league onward the six hundred soldiers on horseback
2 the valley of Death to attack for the enemy's guns
3 the six hundred attacks with cannon-fire that caused a
deafening sound
4 charge for the guns not to talk back, just follow the order
5 someone had blundered someone had made a mistake
6 not to make reply to move forward by short distances
7 to do and die certain death or loss of lives
8 volleyed and thundered to act upon orders even though it means to
put one's life in danger

129
C. Explain the lines in your own words.
1. all in the valley of Death
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Forward, the Light Brigade!
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Was there a man dismayed?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Someone had blundered.
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Theirs not to reason why,
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Stormed at with shot and shell
___________________________________________________________________________

130
D. Read the poem The Charge of the Light Brigade. Then, complete the diagram below
with information from the poem.
1. Name of the unit :
_______________________
2. Mode of attack :
_______________________
The soldiers
3. Number of soldiers in the

unit:
_______________________
4. Where are they heading to?

______________________

131
E. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given.
command brigade terrible mistake shells death

horses obey cannons discouraged courageously
The poem tells the story of a (1)_________ consisting of 600 soldiers who rode on
(2)______________ into the valley of Death for about two and a half kilometres. They were
obeying a (3)_______________ to charge the enemy forces that had been seizing their guns.
Not a single soldier was (4)______________ by the command to charge forward,
even though all the soldiers realized that their commander had made a
(5)______________________. The role of the soldier is to (6)__________ and not to reason
why.
The 600 soldiers were attacked by shots of (7)__________ and (8)_____________ in
front and both sides of them. Still, they rode (9)______________________ forward towards
their own (10)________________.

132
ANSWERS : THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE
A.
1. league 6. cannon
2. brigade 7. volleyed
3. valley 8. thundered
4. dismayed 9. stormed
5. blundered 10. boldly
B.
1. 3 5. 5
2. 4 6. 1
3. 8 7. 2
4. 6 8. 7
C.
1. the soldiers were walking towards a certain death / the soldiers were about to enter a
very dangerous spot
2. The commanding officer ordered the soldiers to move forward into the valley.
3. The persona asks if any of the soldiers were discouraged.
4. The order was a mistake.
5. The soldiers must not ask why the order was given.
6. The soldiers in the Light Brigade are being attacked by gunfire.
D.
1. The Light Brigade 3. 600
2. Horses 4. The battlefield
E.
1. brigade 7. shells
2. horses 8. cannons
3. command 9. courageously
4. discouraged 10. death
5. terrible mistake
6. obey

133
"
"
The Charge of the Light Brigade
Half a league, half a league,

Half a league onward,
All in the valley of Death
Charge for the guns! he said.

Was there a man dismayed?
Not though the soldier knew
Some one had blundered.
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die.
Cannon to right of them,

Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volleyed and thundered;
Stormed at with shot and shell,
Boldly they rode and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of Hell
Alfred, Lord Tennyson

134
Set 1
a. In stanza 1, what does the phrase half a league imply?
. (1 mark)
b. How many soldiers were there in the Light Brigade?
. (1 mark)
c. Which phrase in stanza 1 is a war cry?
. (1 mark)
d. In stanza 1, what do you think valley of Death refers to? Why do you think so?
..
. (2 marks)
Set 2
a. From Stanza 2, what was the order given by the commanding officer to the Light Brigade?
. (1 mark)
b. From Stanza 2, which line tells us that the order given to the Light Brigade was a mistake?
. (1 mark)
c. From Stanza 2, which word means upset or disappointed?
. (1 mark)
d. The soldiers knew that the order was a mistake but they still obeyed. Give two reasons for
their actions.
Reason 1: .. (1 mark)
Reason 2: .. (1 mark)

135
Set 3
a. In stanza 3, what does the word blundered mean?
. (1 mark)
b. Which line in stanza 3 shows the soldiers bravery?
. (1 mark)
c. Why do you think the cannons were placed right, left and in front?
. (1 mark)
d. In stanza 3, what do you think the soldiers could do when they were stormed at with shot
and shell? Give a reason to support your answer.
Action: .. (1 mark)
Reason: .... (1 mark)
Set 4
a. What does the phrase Rode the six hundred tell you about the soldiers mode of attack?
. (1 mark)
b. In Stanza 1, where were the soldiers ordered to go to?
. (1 mark)
c. In stanza 2, what does line 6 imply about the armys policy?
. (1 mark)
d. Would you obey misleading instructions given by your class monitor? Give two reasons
for your answer.
(2 marks)

136
Set 5
a. State the weapons of warfare mentioned in the poem.
. (1 mark)
b. In stanza 2, which line tells you that a mistake was made?
. (1 mark)
c. Why did the poet repeat the word cannon in stanza 3?
. (1 mark)
d. The soldiers from the Light Brigade show great sense of patriotism during the war. Suggest
two ways we can show patriotism to our country.
(2 marks)
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

137
The Charge of the Light Brigade Answers
Set 1 - Answers
a. A distance of roughly two and a half kilometres.
b. 600 / six hundreds
c. Charge for the guns!
d. Battlefield, it is where the soldiers sacrifice their lives to fight for their countrys honour.
(any possible answer)
Set 2 - Answers
a. Forward, the Light Brigade!
b. Someone had blundered.
c. dismayed
d. Their sense of loyalty/ their sense of responsibility/ they wanted to make their country
proud / Soldiers must obey orders from their superiors no matter what (Accept other relevant
answers)
Set 3 - Answers
a. Made mistakes
b. Boldly they rode and well / line 6
c. The enemy surrounded them to make sure that they could not escape.
d. Action : The soldiers could have surrendered to the enemy.
Reason: They might not survive as they were surrounded and attacked by the enemy.
(any possible answer)
Set 4 - Answers
a. They rode horses/ They were on horseback.
b. Into the valley (of Death).
c. Soldiers must obey orders no matter what.
d. (Accept any reasonable answers) Suggestions:
- Yes, because I dont want to be punished later.
- Yes, because I want to show my loyalty to my school.
Set 5 - Answers
a. guns and cannon (students must provide at least 2 answers)
b. some one had blundered / line 4
c. to make it sound like explosion / to show that the soldiers were surrounded by powerful
weapons / to show that it is very hard for the soldiers to escape death
d. (Accept any reasonable answers) Suggestions:
- respect our flags
- ready to fight for the country
- be excellent athletes to make the country proud
- join the army
- etc.

138
A Poison Tree
I was angry with my friend:
I told my wrath, my wrath did end.
I was angry with my foe:
I told it not, my wrath did grow.
And I watered it in fears,
Night and morning with my tears;
And I sunnd it with smiles,
And with soft deceitful wiles.
And it grew both day and night,
Till it bore an apple bright;
And my foe beheld it shine,
And he knew that it was mine,
And into my garden stole
When the night had veiled the pole:
In the morning glad I see
My foe outstretched beneath the tree.
William Blake

139
Practice 1
Match the words to the appropriate meaning.
WORD MEANING
Cunning strategies used to manipulate someone else
1. Wrath
partially conceal, disguise or obscure
2. Foe
Poured or sprinkled water over a plant
3. Watered
Produced fruit
4. Sunned
an enemy or opponent
5. Deceitful
6. Wiles extreme anger
7. Bore saw or observed
8. Beheld Deceiving or misleading others
9. Veiled fall with ones arms and legs spread out in an
10. Outstretched awkward way
exposed something to the sun
Practice 2
Fill in the blanks using the words provided in the box.
wrath sunned wiles foe watered
deceitful bore beheld veiled outstretched
1. I was mad at my friend. When I expressed my .. to him, my anger stopped.

2. I was annoyed with my .. Of course I didnt tell him about it and I became
more irritated.
3. After that, I .. the angry seed every time I cried.
4. At the same time, I also . the angry seed with my smiles.
5. I became insincere as I kept doing actions.
6. I used .. to manipulate my enemy.
7. My cunning strategies finally .. fruits.
8. My enemy the accomplishment of my cunning manipulations.
9. My enemy broke into my territory when darkness the sky.
10. I was over the moon to see my enemy under the tree.

140
Practice 3
Fill in the boxes with the correct meaning.
Because of the personas The persona let his anger

effort, his plant grew. He treated his anger
eventually bore a fruit; like a plant, a tree.
an apple.
The persona was mad at The next morning, the

his friends. Then he told persona found the enemy
his friend about his anger dead under the apple tree.
and it disappeared. He must have had eaten the
poisonous apple.
The enemy was lured The persona was angry

into the garden. He with his enemy and he kept
sneaked into the quiet. Since the persona did
personas garden at not talk about his anger, his
night. He stole the apple. anger intensified.
The apple was very

The persona hid his attractive to the enemy.
anger with his friendly The enemy knew the
behaviour. He acted in apple belonged to the
deceitful ways, using lies persona.
and tricks.

141
A POISON TREE
Lines Meanings
I was angry with my friend: 1.
I was angry with my foe: 2.

And I watered it in fears, 3.

Night and morning with my tears,
And I sunned it with smiles, 4.

And it grew both day and night, 5.

And my foe beheld it shine, 6.

And into my garden stole 7.

In the morning glad I see 8.


142
Practice 4
Below are the possible lines that could have been said by the persona and her foe. Complete
the graphic organiser using the lines given.
I should go take it when its dark.

I am not going to show my weakness. Instead, I will deceive her. Ha! Ha! Ha!
Finally, it works! I should celebrate.
I find her such a pleasant person.
She doesnt deserve that. It should be mine!
She makes me angry but I will not tell her!
FOE
PERSONA
1.
1.

2.
2.

3.
3.


143
ANSWER SCHEME
A POISON TREE
Practice 1
1. Wrath extreme anger
2. Foe an enemy or opponent
3. Watered - Poured or sprinkled water over a plant
4. Sunned exposed something to the sun
5. Deceitful - Deceiving or misleading others
6. Wiles - Cunning strategies used to manipulate someone else
7. Bore - Produced fruit
8. Beheld saw or observed
9. Veiled partially conceal, disguise or obscure
10. Outstretched fall with ones arms and legs spread out in an awkward way
Practice 2
1. Wrath 6. Wiles
2. Foe 7. Bore
3. Watered 8. Beheld
4. Sunned 9. Veiled
5. Deceitful 10. Outstretched
Practice 3
1. The persona was mad at his friends. Then he told his friend about his anger and it
disappeared.
2. The persona was angry with his enemy and he kept quiet. Since the persona did not
talk about his anger, his anger intensified.
3. The persona let his anger grew. He treated his anger like a plant, a tree.
4. The persona hid his anger with his friendly behaviour. He acted in deceitful ways,
using lies and tricks.
5. Because of the personas effort, his plant eventually bore a fruit; an apple.
6. The apple was very attractive to the enemy. The enemy knew the apple belonged to
the persona.
7. The enemy was lured into the garden. He sneaked into the personas garden at night.
He stole the apple.
8. The next morning, the persona found the enemy dead under the apple tree. He must
have had eaten the poisonous apple.
Practice 4
PERSONA
1. She makes me angry but I will not tell her!
2. Im not going to show my weakness. Instead, I will deceive her. Ha! Ha! Ha!
3. Finally, it works! I should celebrate.
FOE
1. I find her such a pleasant person.
2. She doesnt deserve that. It should be mine!
3. I should go take it when its dark

144
A Poison Tree
I was angry with my friend:

I was angry with my foe:
And I watered it in fears,

Night and morning with my tears;
And I sunnd it with smiles,
And it grew both day and night,

And my foe beheld it shine,
And into my garden stole

In the morning glad I see
William Blake
Set 1
1. In stanza 1, what does the word foe refer to?
.. (1 mark)
2. In stanza 2, what are the 2 things that the persona did?
i) ... (1 mark)
ii) .. (1 mark)
3. In your opinion, what type of person is the persona? Give a reason to support your
answer.
Type of person : .. (1 mark)
Reason : .. (1 mark)

145
Set 2
1. In stanza1, what does the phrase my wrath did grow indicate?
.. (1 mark)
2. In stanza 3, what does the word it refer to?
.. (1 mark)
3. In stanza 4, which line shows that the sky was dark?
.. (1 mark)
4. What are the reasons why the persona was angry at his foe? Give two possibilities.
i) ... (1 mark)
ii) .. (1 mark)
Set 3
1. Who made the persona angry?
.. (1 mark)
2. In stanza 2, which phrase shows that the persona was insincere?
.. (1 mark)
3. From stanza 3, what is the meaning of the word beheld?
.. (1 mark)
4. If you were the personas friend, how would you be able to persuade the persona to stop
being angry? Give two ways.
i) ... (1 mark)
ii) .. (1 mark)

146
Set 4
1. Give another word for wrath.
.. (1 mark)
2. From the poem, what type of person do you think the foe is?
.. (1 mark)
3. In stanza 2, what does the phrase deceitful wiles mean?
.. (1 mark)
4. The persona was glad to see his foe outstretched beneath the tree. Do you think this is a
good attitude for teenagers? Give a reason to support your answer.
..... (2 marks)
Set 5
1. In stanza 4, which word in the poem means star?
.. (1 mark)
2. In stanza 2, which phrase shows that the persona was crying?
.. (1 mark)
3. Why did the persona stop being angry at his friend?
.. (1 mark)
4. In your opinion, what might happen to someone who goes into his or her friends house
and steal something? Give a reason to support your answer.
Answer : .. (1 mark)
Reason : .. (1 mark)

147
ANSWERS: A POISON TREE
Set 1 - Answers
1. The personas enemy
2. i) watered the wrath in fears
ii) sunned the wrath with smiles
3. Type of person : deceitful / revengeful
Reason : He pretended to be nice to his foe / he had bad intentions towards his foe
(Accept any suitable answer)
Set 2 - Answers
1. The personas anger is getting stronger.
2. Wrath
3. When the night had veiled the pole / line 2
4. i) His foe had hurt his feelings.
ii) His foe had stolen something precious from him.
Set 3 - Answers
1. friend and foe
2. sunned it with smiles/ with soft deceitful wiles
3. saw/ observed
4. i) Give advice to my friend.
ii) Console him/ her.
Set 4 - Answers
1. anger
2. He is an envious person.
3. Strategies that mislead others
4. i) No, because it is a bad attitude.
ii) No, because it could lead to tragedy.
Set 5 - Answers
1. pole
2. my tears
3. because he had already expressed his anger to his friend
4. Answer : He might get caught.
Reason : Because the house could have CCTV.

148
What Has Happened to Lulu?
What has happened to Lulu, mother?

What has happened to Lu?
Theres nothing in her bed but an old rag-doll
And by its side a shoe.
Why is her window wide, mother,

The curtain flapping free,
And only a circle on the dusty shelf
Where her money-box used to be?
Why do you turn your head, mother?

And why do the tear-drops fall?
And why do you crumple that note on the fire
And say it is nothing at all?
I woke to voices late last night,

I heard an engine roar.
Why do you tell me the things I heard
Were a dream and nothing more?
I heard somebody cry, mother,

In anger or in pain,
But now I ask you why, mother,
You say it was a gust of rain.
Why do you wander about as though

You dont know what to do?
Charles Causley

149
Practice 1
Match the words to the appropriate meaning.
WORD MEANING
A piece of hard material attached to a wall

1. rag-doll
Physical suffering or discomfort
2. wide
Liquid spilling from the eyes
3. flapping
Walk or move in an aimless way
4. shelf
Make a loud prolong sound
5. money-box
6. tear-drops A soft doll made from pieces of cloth
7. crumpled A great or more than average width
8. roar Coin container
9. anger A brief strong rush of wind
10. pain A strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure or
11. gust hostility
12. wander Something crushed and became creased and
wrinkled
Flutter or wave around

150
Practice 2
Match the phrases to the appropriate meaning.
PHRASES MEANING
liquid spilling from the eyes to express

1. an old rag-doll emotion
2. curtain flapping free to stroll or amble around without any
purpose
3. circle on dusty shelf
drapery blowing in the breeze
4. tear-drops fall a loud noise coming from a vehicle
5. an engine roar a sudden burst of something; emotion,
sound or rain
6. in anger or in pain
a floppy doll made from old piece of
7. a gust of rain cloth
8. wander about emotion of wrath and hurt
round spot on a rack full of dust
Practice 3
Arrange the sentences below in the correct order based on the poem.
There are only her old rag-doll and a shoe in the room.
The money-box is no longer on the shelf.
The window is left open and the curtain is blowing in the breeze.
The persona wants to know from his mother what has happened to his sister, Lulu. 1
The persona is still confused about the whereabouts of Lulu.
Mother tells the persona that what he had heard last night was a part of his dream.
Then, he heard a loud noise coming from a vehicle.
Mother said that the cries he heard were actually the gust of rain.
The persona was awake in the middle of the night because of the voices.
The personas mother sheds tears and throws the crumpled notes into the fire.

151
Practice 4
Complete the graphic organizer below.
After Lulu runs away:
Mother: Persona:
What Has Feeling:
Feeling : Happened to
i) .. Lulu? i) .
ii) . ii).
Action : Action :
i) turns ........... i) looks
ii) notes ii) asks

iii) ..

152
ANSWERS: WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO LULU?
Practice 1
1. rag-doll - A soft doll made from pieces of cloth
2. wide - A great or more than average width
3. flapping - Flutter or wave around
4. shelf - A piece of hard material attached to a wall
5. money-box - Coin container
6. tear-drops - Liquid spilling from the eyes
7. crumpled - Something crushed and became creased and wrinkled
8. roar - Make a loud prolong sound
9. anger - A strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure or hostility
10. pain - Physical suffering or discomfort
11. gust - A brief strong rush of wind
12. wander - Walk or move in an aimless way
Practice 2
1. an old rag-doll - a floppy doll made from old piece of cloth
2. curtain flapping free - drapery blowing in the breeze
3. circle on dusty shelf - round spot on a rack full of dust
4. tear-drops fall - liquid spilling from the eyes to express emotion
5. an engine roar - a loud noise coming from a vehicle
6. in anger or in pain - emotion of wrath and hurt
7. a gust of rain - a sudden burst of something; emotion, sound or rain
8. wander about - to stroll or amble around without any purpose
Practice 3
There are only her old rag-doll and a shoe in the room. 2
The money-box is no longer on the shelf. 4
The window is left open and the curtain is blowing in the breeze. 3
The persona wants to know from his mother what has happened to his sister, Lulu. 1
The persona is still confused about the whereabouts of Lulu. 10
Mother tells the persona that what he had heard last night was a part of his dream. 8
Then, he heard a loud noise coming from a vehicle. 7
Mother said that the cries he heard were actually the gust of rain. 9
The persona was awake in the middle of the night because of the voices. 6
The personas mother sheds tears and throws the crumpled notes into the fire. 5
Practice 4
Mother: Persona:
Feeling : Feeling:
i) sad i) curious
ii) angry ii) confused
Action : Action :
i) turns her head i) looks for Lulu in her bedroom
ii) crumples notes on the ii) asks mother about Lulu
fire (Accept any possible answer)
iii) wander about
153
What Has Happened to Lulu?

Theres nothing in her bed but an old rag-doll
And by its side a shoe.
Why is her window wide, mother,

The curtain flapping free,
And only a circle on the dusty shelf
Where her money-box used to be?
Why do you turn your head, mother?

And why do the tear-drops fall?
And why do you crumple that note on the fire
And say it is nothing at all?
I woke to voices late last night,

I heard an engine roar.
Why do you tell me the things I heard
Were a dream and nothing more?
I heard somebody cry, mother,

In anger or in pain,
But now I ask you why, mother,
You say it was a gust of rain.
Why do you wander about as though

You dont know what to do?
Charles Causley

154
Set 1
1. In stanza 2, what does the phrase curtain flapping free refer to?
(1 mark)
2. In stanza 3, how did the mother feel when she crumpled the note?
(1 mark)
3. What is the issue being highlighted in the poem?
(1 mark)
4. In your opinion, why does the mother refuse to tell the truth? Give a reason for
your answer.
...
. (2 marks)
Set 2
1. In stanza1, what are the two things that can be seen in Lulus room?
i) . (1 mark)
ii) ... (1 mark)
2. In stanza 4, what does the phrase an engine roar refer to?
(1 mark)
3. In stanza 6, what does the line What has happened to Lulu, mother? tell us
about the feeling of the younger sibling?
(1 mark)
4. What could be the reasons the sister left home? Give two possibilities.
i) . (1 mark)
ii) ... (1 mark)

155
Set 3
1. In stanza 1, how do you know that Lulu left in a hurry? Give evidence from
the poem.
(1 mark)
2. In stanza 2, how did Lulu go out of the house?
(1 mark)
3. In stanza 4, what does the word voices indicate?
(1 mark)
4. If you were Lulus brother or sister, would you be able to accept her decision?
Why?
Answer: (1 mark)
Reason : (1 mark)
Set 4
1. In stanza 1, Lulu left behind an old rag-doll. The doll indicates the age group
of Lulu. What is her possible age group?
(1 mark)
2. From the poem, what type of person do you think Lulu is?
(1 mark)
3. In stanza 4, why does the mother tell the child that he or she was dreaming?
(1 mark)
4. In your opinion, what will happen to Lulu after she left home? Give a reason
to support your opinion.
Opinion : (1 mark)
Reason : (1 mark)

156
Set 5
1. Who is I in the poem?
(1 mark)
2. In stanza 3, which phrase shows that the mother is sad?
(1 mark)
3. In your opinion, what would be written in the crumpled note mentioned in Stanza
3?
(1 mark)
4. If you were Lulus friend, what advice would you give her? Give two advice that
can prevent Lulu from running away.
Advice 1 : (1 mark)
Advice 2 : (1 mark)

157
What Has Happened to Lulu? - Answers
Set 1 - Answers
1. (the) window
2. angry/ irritated/ annoyed (accept any feeling that shows anger)
3. running away from home
4. - to protect the younger child from being influenced (Accept any possible
answer)
- Because the mother still cannot accept the situation (Accept any possible
answer)
Set 2 - Answers
1. i) an old rag-doll (ii) a shoe
2. a vehicle (accept any suitable answer)
3. confused/ curious
4. Answer: peer influence / she doesnt like to be at home / she had a quarrel with
her mother
Reason: (Accept any possible answer)
Set 3 - Answers
1. She left behind a shoe.
2. By climbing out through the window
3. Someone was helping her sister to run away
4. Yes, because she is my sister and I support whatever decision she makes.
No. because her decision would make my mother sad.
Set 4 - Answers
1. a young adult/ a teenager/ an adolescent / 13 19 years
2. problematic/ rebellious
3. She doesnt want her child to know the truth. (Accept any idea of protecting the
child)
4. Opinion : She will face lots of difficulties.
Reason : Because she will have to do everything on her own (Accept any
possible answer)
Set 5 - Answers
1. The younger child/ Lulus younger sibling/ Lulus brother/ Lulus sister
2. tear-drops fall
3. Lulu tells her mother that she is leaving home. (Accept any possible answer)
4. i) Lulu should discuss with her mother about her problems.
ii) Lulu should see the school counsellor.

158
CAPTAIN
NOBODY

159
NOTES ON EVENTS
The best practice to remember the sequence of important events in Captain Nobody.
To emphasize on the creation of Captain Nobodys

costume.
To emphasize on Captain Nobodys effort in helping

Cecil to get the Big Bass Drum.
To emphasize on the robbery attempt in the

Sullivans store.
To emphasize on the aeroplane landing incident after

CN stops the traffic.
To emphasize on the event when CN decides to save

Reggie from the water tower.
Keywords for the sequence
Co B R A S
COSTUME
BIG BASS DRUM
ROBBERY
AEROPLANE
SAVING REGGIE
160
CELEBRATING HALLOWEEN Chapter 6 - 7 (Creating the Costume)

Complete the flow map with the correct sequence.
Newt wants to cheer his Mom by wearing
his brothers outgrown outfit.
! As soon as Mom leaves the house to visit
Chris, Cecil and JJ arrive for the Halloween
celebration.
After taking some time for the answer,
Newt rejuvenates after declaring himself as
Captain Nobody.
! Mom does not get the chance to see Newt
in the outgrown outfit as he stumbles in his
bedroom.
At the first house during the trick-or-treat,
the house owner notices the initial C.N. on
Newts mask and asks about its meaning.
! When Newt thinks to abandon Halloween,
Cecil and JJ play vital role to transform his
outgrown outfit.
What is your opinion about this event? Did you

learn something from the incidents? Provide
reasons for your response.
161
BIG BASS DRUM Chapter 11-12 (Helping Cecil)

As Captain Nobody is climbing down the
Dumpster, a hand suddenly appears and
! grabs his ankle.
The hand belongs to Mr Clay, a former
locksmith who used to help Mom. Newt
knows Mr Clay is sick as he overheard the
conversation between Mom and Dad.
Cecil seeks for Captain Nobodys help as
! he wants a big bass drum found on top of a
Dumpster.
Since he knows where Mr Clay lives,
Captain Nobody offers to walk Mr Clay to
his house.
Captain Nobody climbs the Dumpster,
! overcoming his greatest fear of heights
Acrophobia whereas Cecil is afraid of the
garbage bags.

find it interesting? Provide reasons for your
response.

162
THE ROBBERY Chapter 15 (Helping JJ and the Sullivans)

Mr. Sullivan insists on writing down the errors
and slips his hand under the desktop reaching
! for the hidden button to sound the alarm.
Captain Nobody enters the jewellery store to
correct the errors and notices the Sullivans are
attending their only customer.
The customer sweeps an arm across the
! counter top and grabs a pile of jewellery against
his chest, spins around and bumps into Captain
Nobody upon exiting the store.
JJ cannot stand the spelling errors on the
signboards and seek for CNs help.
The robber scrambles to his feet and races out
! after he warns Captain Nobody not to say a
word about the incident. CN then leaves the
store.
The Sullivans tries to signal something to
Captain Nobody and he soon realizes the
customers right hand is poking forward in his
sweatshirt pocket as if he is holding a weapon.

find it interesting? Provide reasons for your
response.

163
AEROPLANE LANDING Chapter 17 (Rescuing the Ferret)

Captain Nobody waves his hands frantically
and screams STOP to the traffic
! Cecil, JJ and Captain Nobody race after
Ferocious down a dead end street. All of them
tumble down after him and get themselves onto
a congested highway
A small aeroplane is flying low and lands on
the highway. Ferocious sits at Captain
Nobodys ankle and he reaches down to scoop
it up and dashes for the roadside.
Representatives from The Fillmore High Spirit
! Squad, Colby Bryn and Darryl Peeps come to
Appleton Elementary together with the mascot,
Ferocious the Ferret, on a goodwill tour to
cheer everyone after the Big Tackle incident.
Captain Nobody is the lucky person to take
! Ferocious home overnight.
Ricky Ratner and his gang cluster around
Ferocious cage until the door flies open and
the ferret gets its newfound freedom.
What is your opinion about this event? What will

be your reaction? Provide reasons for your
response.

164
SAVING REGGIE Chapter 19 20 (Water tower incident)

Newt slithers to Reggie to untie his shoes and
release him.
! News on TV is showing Reggie on Appleton
water tower, the tallest structure in town.
Reggie climbs the tower to paint the water tank
with Merrimacs colours but unfortunately, his
foot stomps a hole in the roof and his shoe is
stuck between two beams.
Cecil suggests Captain Nobody to climb the
water tower and talk to Reggie even though
Captain Nobody is afraid of heights
! Acrophobia. CN takes the challenge.
Authorities fear that Reggie is going to jump
off the water tower.
Captain Nobodys mask is ripped off due to a
! jutting nail while climbing the ladder to the top
of the tower.
It is assumed that Reggie has grown
increasingly depressed as people are blaming
him for the Big Tackle incident.
What is your opinion about this event? What can

you learn from the incidents? Provide reasons for
your response.

165
CHARACTERISTICS
Complete the table with the correct characteristics from the novel.
CHARACTER CHARACTERISTICS TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

Captain Nobody gathered his courage and
climbed the Dumpster to get The Drum for
Cecil, even though he is Acrophobic.
NEWTON Newt helps to untie the Reggies shoe at the
NEWMAN / water tower and Reggie was released.
CAPTAIN
NOBODY
Newt walked Mr Clay, his senile neighbor
back to his home as he has forgotten his way
back.
Cecil helped Newt Newman when Ricky
Ratner, Reggies cousin, bullied him.
Cecil gave Newt ideas of a Halloween

CECIL costume so they can all go for Trick-or-
Treating.
Cecil was shocked that a stranger grabbed
Newts ankle, and he scolded the stranger.
Gets irritated at the Sullivans store signage,

as there were many grammatical and
spelling errors.
Help create a costume for Newt Newman as
JJ he had nothing to wear for Trick-or-Treat
JJ made sure that all her friends would get to

go Trick-or-Treating together with new
costumes.

166
THEMES
Complete the table below according to the given themes.
THEMES TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

Who: Captain Nobody
When: Cecil suggests __________________to _________ and
1. BRAVERY
talk to ____________
Where: on the water tank
How: Captain Nobody takes the challenge even though he has fear
of __________ (acrophobia)
Who: Cecil and ____________
When: They arrived at Newts _______ for trick-or- __________
2. FRIENDSHIP
Where: at Newts _____________
How: Cecil and __________ help to fix Newts outgrown outfit by
adding a __________ and _________
Who: Captain Nobody
When: _____________ and his friends cluster around and clawing
Ferocious cage. The cage door flies open and the __________
3. RESPONSIBILITY
escapes
Where: on Captain Nobodys way home
How: Captain Nobody together with ____________ and
____________ race after _____________
Who: ______________
When: She cannot get herself over with the ____________ and
___________ mistakes found on the cardboard signs
4. CONCERN
Where: Sullivans _____________ Store
How: She insists _____________ to meet the owners and inform
them about the mistakes
Who: Captain Nobody
When: He knows that his _______ is sad
5. LOVE
Where: At Newts house
How: He wears his brothers outgrown outfit in order to
_____________________ his _____________________

167
MORAL VALUES
Identify moral values for the situations given.
Situations Moral Values
1. Cecil suggests Captain Nobody to meet and talk
to Reggie, man-to-man on the water tank. Even
though Captain Nobody has fear of heights
Acrophobia, he takes the challenge.
2. Mr Sullivans hand slips under the desktop to
give Captain Nobody a piece of paper to correct
the errors. At the same time, he presses a hidden
button and an alarm splits the air.
3. Newt helps to untie Reggies shoe and release
him.
4. Captain Nobody climbs the Dumpster ignoring

his fear of heights as Cecil is afraid of garbage
bags.
5. Cecil seeks for Captain Nobody s help as he

wants a big bass drum found on top of a
Dumpster.
6. Captain Nobody waves his hands frantically

and screams STOP to the traffic. Cecil, JJ and
Captain Nobody race after Ferocious down a
dead end street. All of them tumbled down after
him and get themselves onto a congested
highway.
7. Captain Nobody walks Mr Clay to his house.
8. The Spirit Squad from Fillmore High

represented by the cheerleader, Colby Bryn and
a football player, Daryl Peeps come to Appleton

168
Elementary bringing Ferocious the Ferret, the
mascot on a goodwill tour to cheer everyone
due to Chris Newmans incident.
9 Cecil and JJ help to fix Newts outfit by adding
a mask and cape.
10 People of Appleton blame Reggie Regner for

the cause of Chris Newman accident. Ricky
Regner knows Reggie is not at fault so he forces
Captain Nobody to tell the people to stop
hassling Reggie.
11. The Sullivans eyes keep darting between
Captain Nobody, the merchandise and the
customer, while the customer is twitching with
irritation, with his right hand poking forward in
his sweatshirt pocket as if he is holding on to
something in it and pointing at the Sullivans.
12. Ricky Ratner and his pals cluster around
scratching and clawing Ferocious cage when
Captain Nobody is on his way home. The cage
door flies open and Ferocious gets his
newfound freedom.
13. Newt wears his brothers outgrown outfit to
cheer his sad mom.
14. Newt desperately tries to find some ideas for his

Halloween costume. He looks through all the
DVDs in the den, he pages through books and
magazines and he switches on every TV.
15. Captain Nobody enters the jewellery store to
correct the errors that JJ noticed such as ASK
ABOUT OUR 24 CARROT GOLD and
EVERY NECKLESS ON SALE.

169
Guideline for students to develop the content points for novel response.
Suggest one character in the novel you have read whom you think is a good role model for
teenagers.
Briefly describe the character and give reasons for your choice with close reference to the
text.
Firstly, Newt can be a good role model for teenagers because he is a brave person.
S
He shows his bravery although he has Acrophobia the fear of heights.
This can be seen when he helps Cecil, one of his best friends, to get a
big bass drum on top of a Dumpster. Although the drum is not in
perfect condition, Cecil sees it as a beautiful thing. He really likes to
WHILE
play drum and at times he will perform an air drum roll. He is also
into music as he dresses up as Mozart during the Halloween
celebration.
Cecil cannot get the big drum by himself because he is afraid of
T garbage bags. As a result, he contacts Captain Nobody through the

BEFORE walkie talkie and asks for help. Captain Nobody dashes to the meeting
place and Cecil is already there waiting with a red wagon. He is
determined to bring the big drum home.
At first, Captain Nobody hesitates to climb the Dumpster because the
Dumpster is quite high. He gathers his courage after Cecil insists the
job is meant for Captain Nobody. He manages to reach on top of the
Dumpster and accidentally looks down. He reminds himself that he is
AFTER Captain Nobody and it has calmed him down. He continues to grab
the drum and slides it at the edge of the been onto Cecils waiting
hands. In the end, through the bravery shown by Captain Nobody, he
manages to fulfill Cecil greatest dream, which is to get the thing that
he really loves a big bass drum.
As a teenager, we must be brave not only to face challenges, but also to conquer
O our greatest fear. Once we have achieved that, we can easily face any challenges
that come.
R/E Therefore, Captain Nobody has shown an example of how to be a good role
model for teenagers. We should try our best to apply the value in our life.
*STORE : S Statement (Topic Sentence), T Textual Evidence, O Opinion (Based on

the statement in each content point) , R/E Relate/Emphasize the content point to the task
given

170
**To develop a good response, it is advisable if candidate can produce TWO STORE.
Sample Answer
Based on the novel Captain Nobody written by Dean Pitchford, there is one character that can
be a good role model for teenagers. The character is Newton Newman, also known as Newt
and Captain Nobody. There are many reasons why I choose him.
Firstly, Newt can be a good role model for teenagers because he is a brave person. He
shows his bravery although he has Acrophobia the fear of heights. This can be seen when
he helps Cecil, one of his best friends, to get a big bass drum on top of a Dumpster. Although
the drum is not in perfect condition, Cecil sees it as a beautiful thing. He really likes to play
drum and at times he will perfom an air drum roll. He is also into music as he dresses up as
Mozart during the Halloween celebration. Cecil cannot get the big drum by himself because
he is afraid of garbage bags. As a result, he contacts Captain Nobody through the walkie
talkie and asks for help. Captain Nobody dashes to the meeting place and Cecil is already
there waiting with a red wagon. He is determined to bring the big drum home. At first,
Captain Nobody hesitates to climb the Dumpster because the Dumpster is quite high. He
gathers his courage after Cecil insists the job is meant for Captain Nobody. He manages to
reach on top of the Dumpster and accidentally looks down. He reminds himself that he is
Captain Nobody and it has calmed him down. He continues to grab the drum and slides it at
the edge of the bin onto Cecils waiting hands. In the end, through the bravery shown by
Captain Nobody, he manages to fulfill Cecil greatest dream, which is to get the thing that he
really loves a big bass drum. As a teenager, we must be brave not only to face challenges,
but also to conquer our greatest fear. Once we have achieve that, we can easily face any
challenges that come. Therefore, Captain Nobody has shown an example of how to be a good
role model for teenagers.
[2nd STORE]

171
(Construct another content point paragraph using your own words. You may use the STORE
Template below to guide your response)
WHILE
BEFORE
AFTER
R/E
In conclusion, it is undeniable that Captain Nobody is a good role model for

teenagers. Based on the reasons, teenagers should try their best to practise the good values in
their lives and avoid getting involved in meaningless activities.

172
1119/2
NOVEL RESPONSE
15 marks
30 minutes
Content - 10 marks
Language - 5 marks
CONTENT AND LANGUAGE DESCRIPTORS FOR NOVEL RESPONSE

MARK CONTENT MARK LANGUAGE
RANGE RANGE
- a consistently relevant - language is accurate
and convincing - very well-organised
9 -10 response to the task 5
specified
- always provides
detailed and well-
developed textual
evidence
- response is relevant to - language is largely
the task specified accurate
78 - usually provides 4 - well-organised
textual evidence with
some development
- response is - frequent errors but
intermittently relevant meaning is never in doubt
56 to the task specified 3 - fairly well-organised
- provides some textual
evidence with little
development
- response of little - very frequent errors with
relevance to the task blurring in meaning
34 specified 2 - poorly organised
- little textual evidence
- response has no - makes little or no sense at
relevance to the task all
1-2 specified 1 - lacks organisation
- has no understanding -
of the requirements of
the task
Note: The mark of 0 should only be awarded if

the response is in a language other than English
the response is not related to any of the novels

173
EVENT AND MORAL VALUES
Based on the novel that you have read, what is the lesson you have learnt from the ending?
Give reasons why the lesson is important.
Paragraph 1
.. Novel &
... Author
... Introduction
.. (brief synopsis)
... Answer (based
.. on the rubric)
Paragraph 2
.. Reason 1
... (who / why)
... Textual
.. evidence 1 /
... elaboration
.. (when / how /
.. what)
... Justification /
... Personal
.. Response
Paragraph 3
.. Reason 2
... (who / why)
.. Textual

174
evidence 2 /
.. elaboration
... (when / how /
... what)
.. Justification /
.. Personal
.. Response
Paragraph 4
.. Reason 3
... (who / why)
.. Textual
.. evidence 3 /
... elaboration
. (when / how /
.. what)
... Justification /
... Personal
.. Response
Paragraph 5
.. Conclusion
... Value
.. Summarize
.. ideas
... Opinion / hope

175
CHARACTER AND EVENT
The character in the novel faces many challenges in his life. With close reference to the text,
describe the challenges and how they were overcome.
Paragraph 1
.. Novel & Author
... Introduction (brief
... synopsis)
.. Answer (based on
..... the rubric)
Paragraph 2
Reason 1
..
(who / why)
...
Textual evidence 1
...
/ elaboration
..
(when / how /
...
what)
...
Justification /
..
Personal
...
Response
....
Paragraph 3
.. Reason 2
... (who / why)
.. Textual
.. evidence 2 /
... elaboration

176
... (when / how /
.. what)
... Justification /
..... Personal Response
Paragraph 4
.. Reason 3
... (who / why)
.. Textual evidence 3
.. / elaboration
... (when / how /
..... what)
.. Justification /
... Personal
... Response

177
EVENT AND THEME
Love is important in ones life.

Explain events that portrayed this from the novel. Support your answer with close reference
to the text.
Paragraph 1
..
Novel & Author
...
Introduction
..
(brief synopsis)
..
Answer (based
...
on the rubric)
...
Paragraph 2
..
Reason 1
...
(who / why)
.
Textual evidence
..
1 / elaboration
...
(when / how /
..
what)
..
Justification /
...
Personal
......
Response
Paragraph 3
..
Reason 2
...
(who / why)
..

178
Textual
..
.. evidence 2 /
.. elaboration
... (when / how /
.. what)
... Justification /
. Personal
Response
Paragraph 4
..
Reason 3
...
(who / why)
..
Textual evidence
..
3 / elaboration
...
(when / how /
..
what)
..
Justification /
...
Personal
......
Response
Paragraph 5
..
Conclusion
...
Value
....
Summarize ideas
..
Opinion / hope
...

179
SPM Practice Questions

1. Determination is the key to success
With close reference to the text, how far is this true in the novel you have read?
2. With close reference to the text, write about one interesting theme from the novel that
you have read.
3. A friend in need is a friend indeed
With close reference to the text, how far is this true in the novel you have read?
4. With close reference to the text, what is the most valuable message from the novel that
you have studied?
5. Suggest an alternate ending of the novel that you have read. Provide reasons based on
the novel you have read.
6. With close reference to the text, write about one character which has shown the value
of perseverance in his/her life. Briefly describe the character and give reasons for your
choice.

180
Panel members:
1. Aizar binti Mohamad Noor

SBP Integrasi Kuantan, Kuantan, Pahang
2. Rohana binti Mohamed Yasin
SMK Tg. Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang
3. Khairun Nisa bt Hj Abdul Halim
SMK Tg. Afzan, Kuantan, Pahang
4. Norafidah binti Osman
SMK Seri Jengka, Jengka,Pahang
5. Siti Zuhara binti Zulkifly
SMKA Tg. Ampuan Hajjah Afzan Pahang, Jerantut, Pahang
6. Ayusyeila Zulaikha bt Subari
SMK Dong, Rabu, Pahang
7. Rohaizad bin Md Aris
SMK Chini Timur, Chini, Pahang
8. Azila binti Abd Razi
SMK Sri Layang, Bentong, Pahang
9. Nor Zahran binti Mohammed Naaim
SMK Peramu Jaya, Pekan, Pahang
10. Mohd Shukri bin Hussin
SMK Purun, Bera, Pahang
11. Azriq Aiman bin Azman
SMA Al-Maarif, Kuantan, Pahang
12. Zul Hizam bin Md Rawi
SMA Al-Wosto, Temerloh, Pahang

Projek Jawab Untuk Jaya (Juj) 2016 Spm.

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PROJEK JAWAB UNTUK JAYA (JUJ) 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

7. Reading Comprehension and Summary

10. Panel members

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

PERMISSION TO VISIT YOUR FACTORY F3

Yours faithfully, (ONLY USE THIS) Signing off

Your friend, (DO NOT USE Yours faithfully) F3

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

REPORT ON THE SCHOOL SPORTS EQUIPMENT F2

I am going to give a speech entitled Healthy Lifestyle in F2

......... Thank you. F3

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

CRITERIA FOR MARKING SCHEME FOR DIRECTED WRITING LANGUAGE

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Using the notes below, write your article.

When writing the article, you should remember to:

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Students

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction Provide a statistic on air Example:

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Content C4 - indoors Example:

Content C12 - Action 1:

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Use the notes below to write your letter.

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Students

(from the rubric)

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Your friend, F3 signing off

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Introduction Provide a report on Example:

Useful C12 - Programme 2 :

Use the following notes to help you.

Before the accident

After the accident

When writing your speech, remember to:

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Students

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Para Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Para 5 C11 Lesson 1:

Lessons C12 Lesson 2 :

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

PRACTICE 4 Science & Technology

When writing the letter, you should remember to:

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Students

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Hak Cipta Jawab Untuk Jaya (JUJ) Pahang 2016

Guideline for Elaboration- Students

Paragraph Contents Guided questions for elaboration

Introduction Objective of the letter What is you purpose of writing the

Content Where did you go during your