ise Lesson 15 HHS EMT veers He SB+AR Lesson 16 = RIK HIL =. RX Text a & CONTENTS HX Text “bim] New Words TERE Notes Sritd “BK” ‘The preposition “SK” Wiha) “BE” (1) The adverb “BE” (1) - #5 Drills and Practice THIF — Saying hello EWEBRA — Confirming that something has happened JF OPSHAEBLATN © Commenting on one’s actions ZEN — Changing money at the bank TAAL HAA —-Deseribing a place one has visited |. BIBERISLAE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing ACH 3b i 7B Grammar 1. fH2S4NH(1) The complement of state (1) 2 WTO, Hse MRI Particle “f” @); Confirming the completion or realization of something 3. HpialVHA —_Reduplication of the verb 4. 100 3) 10,000 fY#pcz& —- Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 WE Chinese Characters WEAF (1) — Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) + (25) Azim] New Words -. HER Notes Filial “Bt” (2) The adverb “i” (2) Ce A “ELF” FORUOFSUIIA] —“E,F" to refer to the order of things or to a time sequence . §2I5iBF Drills and Practice #0 Filling out forms{845 Borrowing books 345 — Returning books VARS — Making new friends 0} R5IF — Leaving and coming back in a moment PG. BYPERMSE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing j* #4) 4% H. it Grammar 1. (8)44251]4N% — The simple directional complement 2. “GB” 4] (1) The “HB” sentence (1) 3. EAE (1) The time-measure complement (1) 7. WL — Chinese Characters WEAF (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) $+ Lesson 17 PETAL ABIES —. Rx Text 4eia] New Words =. TERE Notes Shin) “RAB” PAR Verbs “3,45, Zi], ete.” with time-measure complement “WT” SBT" RR MT" or “BT” to express an extent or degree Byial “T" OS “T" Onis ‘The combined usage of particle “J” @ with particle “7” @ I53ZF1 Drills and Practice HRA] Describing things 18% Comparing things SEAR Buying clothes PY. GIA — Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing %—2JL (4a ) H. i Grammar 1. “HY” 6G (1) The “it” phrase (1) 2. FRAShial “Ee” ARLE (1) Comparison using the preposition “EE” (1) 3. CHYNA — The complement of quantity A. WE — Chinese Characters WFAHFRE (3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (3) B+IGR Lesson 18 = -KNFET ATB ia ss (71) — He Text tim] New Words =. TERE Notes ial * ‘The measure word “2” -2-B+. HE Stil] “GE” The preposition “{E” {Rial “fT” The pronoun “nfiff]” find “KR” — The pronoun “KH” “AO” 4TH (2): WVP + AY The “fy” phrase (2): W/VP + fy 5 Drills and Practice TEMES At the post office HRA —_Deseribing things FRAGUAE —_ Uncertainty RMF Reminding MISSEYGE Taking the bus BUPA Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #54840 UF Hak Grammar 1. 43RANE — The resultative complement 2. “FB” 4] (2) The “#3” sentence (2) 3. “SR” ay (2) The “fi” sentence (2) WF Chinese Characters DF AF (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (4) AUR Lesson 19 ELBA + (4) ~~ BEX Text tin) New Words . TERE Notes WA) + V+ WE The structure “EEC A) + V + 0B” “Se” (ERASE “fRARSE” [al] (2) — Question with “BARE” (2) E+ VWWP The structure “3 + VP” AIGA Drills and Practice PAGAN Expressing a duration of time YtF Talking about hobbies He#% Comparing things SEH Exchanging greetings 453 Saying goodbye ive complement | BAA —- Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #MFLLAERF ith Grammar Le Bibs CAS) BR" Bem EERE Using “BR--- (AS) BE" to make a comparison 2. mHERNA (2) ‘The time-measure complement (2) 3. ahh] (2): FART A Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or mannera SX Lesson 20( B5JReview) tate - s= - TERR Notes WF — Chinese Characters WEAF (5) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) RX Text 4bia] New Words Fit--BRLL-- The construction “ “+9862 The construction “.. iia “StH” — The conjunction “ata” Al FORUM SLI] (2) Elliptical questions with “ag” (2) Bia" C1) AU“HE (1) Adverbs “" (1) and. “FE” (1) iy fF ese” et” - §IG38F Drills and Practice [AIRI] Asking for reasons 4#(2 — Hurrying somebody up FREE New Year's greetings GUGAUE Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing Bkei6. RZ Grammar Review 1. BAF AIA RY ‘The six basie functional components of a Chinese sentence 2. ShiALAiB}(1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) WF — Chinese Characters WF (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) +—iR Lesson 21 STR ARI SOREY «137 BX Text Agia] New Words TEE Notes BUI “WE” (2) The modal particle “A” (2) ial “UR” = The noun “LAR” Stil “B5" The preposition “By” Bid “FE” (2) The adverb “HR” (2) - 42)53251 Drills and Practice LAAT WA Emphasizing the time and location of past events WIT — Talking about direction and location IIR Asking about direction GRURPTLGSE Talking about sports matches |. GEMS Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #657609a= (W a= ‘iit = Grammar 1. “fde-ff" 4] The construction “bf” 2. Frit] Location words 3. ZORAFLENAJF — Sentences indicating existance - TLS Chinese Characters LAOH (7) Methods of constructing Chinese charaeters (7) +R Lesson 22 HBMRRA - TR Text ia] New Words TER Notes Fria “Gy” AYARE — "The omission of “yy” in location words ‘The demonstrative pronoun “3%” daa ttia “Anh” ‘The demonstrative pronoun “4j ff)” 3 5igh Drills and Practice WAN Talking about a past experience FRIE — Looking for a job #4 — Making an appointment or a date with someone Ft Making comments Rika Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing, (OF) EMRE TRE Grammar 1. AMAIA — Past experience 2. SHANA — The action-measure complement 3. BUR-ABIE/ADJz--- ‘The construction “SiyR---fAJ2/ BL JE---” RF Chinese Characters WF HIF (8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) (158) FSR Lesson 23 RANE L KR T Sa Text ‘Eia) New Words TER Notes “4 + A/V + Wi)” ZORA The exclamatory construction “4 + A/V + IB” [457% — The appositive phrases Bia) “BL” (3) The adverb “BE” (3) RASA Drills and Practice RHPA] Talking about plans #2281 Making suggestions ++ (181). RET Talking about the weather SUE — Purchasing plane tickets MEH — Going to a restaurant BUBANSL Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing KR ATURE T - it Grammar 1. ShfERUG22E An action that is going to take place in a short time 2. SLAKAITANE — The complex directional complement 3. FebRaLAVA] Notional passive sentences ese Characters TLEAVHIFW (9) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (9) SI+BR Lesson 24 (RAIA T - ~ (204) UX Text 4:1] New Words TERR Notes The construction Se The preposition “iq” The adverh “ik” (3) Drills and Practice REET Talking about an action in progress YRAE{E Talking about changes PRET — Talking about HEA AGE Picking someone up and seeing someone off PUBEAZ Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing bsef018-#. 18% Grammar 1. HAULAVAEECL) Changed circumstances (1) 2. SafEN BE ‘The progressive aspect of an action 3. (Hifi The construction “FR(El--f =” ving. conditions 7. DWF Chinese Characters WF HH (10) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (10) aR Ses Lesson 25 SLMS ANSE R (223) WK Text 4zi=] New Words TERE Notes “SS ZTE IEM as the prefix for ordinal numbers B) + PW +d The construction “Z| + PW + £”wi “K" (2) The adverb “W” (2) Yo] iZI —Drills and Practice SGEINWVAA — Talking about an incident (ale A Visiting a patient 44% Making complaints RIBERISEAR Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing #411 474F ii Grammar 1. SHRBRRASIMESE The continuous aspect of an action or a state 2. “ie” Fa] The “BE” sentence 3. ERAN “SI” “de” The resultative complements “3” , “é” 4. WR The conditional construction “igi5R---iih---” A. WE Chinese Characters DESPRE Differentiating homophones HE BIo+AR Lesson 26( #>)Review) — feteBwk “PHA” T ~ (244) — PE Text ei] New Words =. BEA Notes WK — The construction “bk” pial “Kt” The preposition “xf” alia “A” The adverb “ TE4/# + V+ 9 (4+ 9G) — The construction “iEZE/¢E + V + (+ 9B)” =. 42)'5i2k Drills and Practice FHZE3 ~—- Recalling past events BaF Talking about language studies PU. OBEAILI Reading Comprehension and Paraphrasing L649 2A Hi. iB] — Crammar Review 1. SpiAHBie4](2) Sentences with a verbal predicate (2) 2. @yfEANS — The aspects of an action 3. JLUBF#NB (1) — Various kinds of complements (1) FH. WF — Chinese Characters GNU Differentiating characters with similar forms (RFC Text in Traditional Characters FRAVSSIME WER = Abbreviations for Grammar Terms HEIRS] (18S) — Vocabulary Ind Traditional Version) WER] — Character Index (Simplified Script with‘A new semester has begun, As your Chinese level advances, the topics you study in this book will become more interesting. As you follow Lin Na through this lesson, you will leam how to describe the places you have visited, how to comment on your travel experiences, as well as how to change money at the bank before your departure. You will even Shang HO: AR ARIF a TAK: MARTA RABE. HEE, RARER FER. . Vereen NV INN Ve RB? RATA, FFRERLERHIERG, a aN THR: PR-KRGRS VAR RB? (tem ert) Changing money at the bank LENS N eevee es HM: —RGRT-RELEPARH,WRRRE LB RAARH, TAR: HA? ARGBA EBS? AVA GED O IE RKRRMT! EGRAILAG RIF? 0 - 4 ARO, RRIUFPAR ESF, < TAR: EZ AD OM: POET? KRERRA, TAR: KEMK AT RA? ve--vy VeVoverNN vavN as HK, RHMAIAT. REET RS WMH MARIVLAA AC, voovVV¥ VA. ave vay Ney TAR: HT, BAAR SRAM Mea Mare, AUTO VV VV NAAN eR AR ve HOM, 4 RAARBRAR HH, RLATRE. Vive veeve vurexn vu iy LAR: BEEF CAAT BRAR HD, idk—a, 2B ja Now Words 1 sin de (otrutural patcle) WAKE 98 : eae2 3. 5. * 15. 16. ¥ BRAT y . HEPA aE BR RG ARh AR og ay aE Bam Ii ov Ady Prep Adv M z00 yinhang shdo pdidui pai dui hudn yingbang rénminbi rénmin déi yong gang cong féichang ci canguan bingmayéng early KGRE, AAA, BELG, HERAT ARE ABE bank BSR AT feews little A> UPA AB A> to form a line; to queue up 7BJHHF BA, FEA SEAS HEME SHEE TB to arrange; to put in order a row of people; line to exchange; to change $48, 6-15. BOC pound sterling $3605.26) FLA BS Renminbi (RMB) AR people PH ARAR AT MEAAR to need; must; to have to #4 th, 7 HDA SL to use FUER FA— Fi PSR A Ri AA ARTE Ad just; only a short while ago RELA BR RAT from A388 DH, EBC very; extremely; highly 448 4b 7% BRE ARK (measure word for actions) 32k, 3B KK to visit (a place) SWEK,. SWE Be, BRAA) (ceremonial clay statues of warriors -3-and horses which are buried with the dead) SW Ai & N_ bing soldier; fighter 17. ASH NN mingxinpian posteard ARASH HOME, BORAT 46 N xin letter fel, 44, AUS 18, KH Vv gai to be sb.’s turn to do sth. BAT, BROGABIT tae) T 19. LYEA HN gdngzud rényuGn working personnol; staff member H FTAA MBIA A, TEAR Ai N rényuan personnel; staff ee Nu qian thousand BA, FACE 21. ak Vv shi to count 34 — 8 JEL BER OAR 22. Z/¢# PN Wangfijing (name of a famous commercial district in Beijing) 23. He PN XPan (name of the capital of Shaanxi Province) © Urameeet) Confirming that yxy ® ee something has happened BRA: AM PO BAAR Mest 7H wi veveree vary eer. KOM: RAAMRDAALAT, RM OLE, Ne -VAvo van BRA: MARERT MUIR, HIRAM T 2 vuseves -voN Ay. HR OM: RIERE EET EL RH? LAI?- NN 2 BRA: WHET. LREAH? FE FLERRRER Be RRR? HB ET, LIRA AR ERE. MILT S HWS A Rash Lie HRA: LER? KOM: RORAT. EAM FIRMA IE, RET IRS Ho BRA: EMA BAB LAIS MANE IEIT EAH? HR RAAT IE BAR AR AE, ABA BILAL RA, MPR ELBE? | g 4 KOM, FT. RATED 1B” .© i © BKA: HUA? RAE. z vrs vay » EAR LMR BIE”. ©4b jy New Words 1 SARL BA Rh BR w 6. Fe & A} 7. 8 é IE IE, v >> Ady h@ojiti bu jian haojitt jian fazhan kudi hua puténghud nianging ging High déng jiu Supplementary Words Z méiyudn Suyuan ji@yuan yuan yazhouxué xi huild xidnjin xinyongka haven't seen (sb.) for a very long time a very long time to see to develop fast; quick; rapid 2JEAAIEA ER, BE PR SAAR dialect; language E23, PU2i% ig the common speech (mandarin) ii SSH FD young EEA aR AEaRES light; small fluent RAMEE AY aE ACA Bt PROLIANT to understand — fifi 1H, AHERGE AE exactly; precisely BRA, B24, WUE a Canadian dollar (measure word for Chinese curency kuai) Department of Asian Studies exchange rate cash credit card9. a N chéngshi city 10. LA N difang place ui. JU Nv @tzi son 12 N cai food; a dish ey D PRN A DEBE Fal AE “You just came back to Beijing from “KK4NP" forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action, The object of the preposition “JA” vally a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: RAPA ME, WARD A PA In order to function as the object of “SM denote location must be followed by “3X JL a noun or a pronoun that doesn’t or “JBJL, thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: AOA RAIL R AUD ABIL RR? RAE IB AAA IL AAR AT @ (REHEAT. “The food (I had) was passable. “HILL” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “Z6 8} 4" means “passable; just so-so”. For example: RSEHRTA MF ) HHT. “Look, it’s your tum now.” “G&+NP+(V)4+ 7" means “it’s somebody's tum (to do something)”. For example:ERERTET @ Fea “Good morning, Lin Na.” “ti!” is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a grecting. Tt is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “4! ” For example: 28! — heh O RAR MRA”. “I know how to say ‘I don't understand, Fey fttn tit” means “I don’t understand.” can be pronounced “fil#i"([A2IA]), whereas “AX” is In the Shanghai dialect, the expression In this dialect, pronounced “4j” ([va?]), © RAE LIGA RAE". . ind’ in the Shanghai diale« is means ‘I don't under (1) has the function of emphasis. It is used to cither confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: RHAKE, HRA, rate KEY SENTENCES 1. AMF! FARR KGET? 2. RLAGRA, RE To 3. AAA SIH, 4. FR-RGRS VARA? 5. MAR AVILA A APE. 6. 7, 8. AEE | FRALBRTORAA RE TE HY RR HE”.1, SAGE TF PUSH Master the following phrases C) PREACH RWLAEAH BAR SRRRRRE FURIE “EAPIET AL BAHAR REAP AR RARE RERY RAR HERS RAKS BRAGA RRR A (ARMAS — (A) PALIARR IY (Ak) AE Se QQ) BRT ERBT ARET FHMBT AMAT BLDVATRA BSTRA RACE TAA RAUTRA RASTRA HRBETRA RAARM TREPR AmwkRwRA LIRLIRK (3) AFRABK MABRY AAR MEAVLA MAT ART (4) SHARE BMATRE BAR BAPBBR PPA HEAR (5) RR MAEDA RAM RAMS OMA (6) ka OFF Hi FS PBhe AMAM KEKE -F A-A Rk A-A OSH R- 2. ABBR Pattern drills (1) BERRA? 1H RARE RAE RB? BAER Fo (2) eit, LTE WE RARER A EAH? jek(3) ange ax a] RAI MAMIBIE, ee ae HUI AEG ZY lee RAF HEME K IR, [2% B72 (4) HER ALY TH? iz ERO RBA WY. SPE MG KAMILT? SmRS RMAMI ALRGAMILT RRA A (5) LAMA T? _ Ae 8 RaBHT. ME FER He BRIE BAR? |ardae eR FOR, [BR LAPS (6) HARBAZ Ah ato? BER] RE REF] REE, We RRMIL RAR MRM ILE? SEER RAPE BRA | PUFA WSR AeA? RRAR-RE, (7) iA, LA RBR SPAR? EB RS-RALESAR A, RRA RGRA RK th iE L3I00KRH. | Ra(méiyuan) ALAM 500 RX KK yuan) bik-&=% 200KA Ae. YUN) BRALAH 100 mA -10-3. BREE SH Classroom activity Complete and answer the following questions with your classmates (1) 1&4 (méiyudn) #8.19% (yuan) AR A: lOOXAKHS YAR RH? B: lOKAMSIIZAR FA, A: 200% 4. rae: ‘ Ar 250K A. 2B: : (2) lak (Guyudn)3&7.124 (yuan) AR A: SOOBK. 2 B: ° A: 620K%, 2 B: 2 A: 780BK%. ne (3) Lite A (jidyudn) 385.234 (yuan) AR A: 1300 2, 2 Bp A: 150040, 2 Bro A: 190040 %., 2 B: 4, S384 Conversation exercises (474H"F Saying hello} (1) A: # Bi MP, SRR AUIRAE Ar RMD R RAM. (2) As HIB AREY Br MR Ar WER Memb AE m7 Bp RAPA WRL, 92 A: ARG ARIA. -11-(AES RE Confirming that something has happened] CL) Ar ERA AMILT 2 RFPS BERT ARR HES B: RAAMAT FRR. A: RRA, RAAB BIE MR MUERBE, (2) A: FARR MAMI T ? B.A To A: RAH4ZRABR A? B: RMR T RAB, (iE (tBVfE ALFA Commenting on one’s actions ] (1) As Aedes Ra ns a ten : RLABITA, 2 ALE ZA? A B A: A B; A: B: A B: A B: + Mee Sha] ER (yOzhOuxué xi) H 3B Ey? 2 RRP TRB, (RBA RRA ME, 2 RARE? (2) 1 EUR HY REARS ORR O? BARE. Bi ABARIR, HS ABD (3) Ar RARE BARA?Ar HOR AEB AAP R ab? a B; A: B: “4EHATFHEE Changing money at the bank] (1) A: DM RBA RARAR AD B ERGY RA? : PRA ICF (hull) $7? : MAIOKAR 2 RAR ° BF. LE. as #274800 HL4(xiGNjin) . 2k 2 4 44 BAR PERREA? (2) > OP wp wD (4HBILHIILAT Describing a place one has visited] AL LARA, 7. ee ee ee A: KEAB TS? MIL KOI RE? B: BURG Ar CM REKAE? B: 5 A: MILRAE AH? B: a Ar ABIL ah A iti if B, ABLE AH HLA o MERE Ao -13-5. MAUI Describe the following pictures Tai (FAURE) (BRR) 6. 366349 Communication practice (1) You went to the bank to exchange money, but after talking to the teller, you noticed that the exchange rate was not very good. Therefore, you decided to change the money later, Q After visiting different places, you and your friend are asking about each other's travel experiences, (3) You are discussing language studies with your Chinese friend. You hope that he/she will make some comments on the various aspects of your spoken Chinese, grammar, and character-writing, tortor TKAULE Le KER KES PRL ARERR OM DED ALK, bY PE RICL ER, APEMEME EST , RAMA MILO EE bE LER MRL AER, ELAR LAR, -14-Li 4S KKH (Chengshi) ,< -F RAR bi OS DRS $i RGAE A, LAT RMA RERKAMT IRS ABH % (Aifang) eK TRY AMR, T ARG WH MILF (Crzi) ELLA, AP RATHI LEAT, ZINA LPH REAR ARAL T EB IR (COI) AAT ARIE WAR AH 0 RAE EE ILE AE BIE PERE ERIE TS EMAAR REAAHB RIE, WA RILLGE, TRWLG BAKA ME GL RA LMA RG IS, FAI fo RIB LARA RAMBLE. ” eater enn 1. {#2546H(1) The complement of state (1) is frequently followed by an element provid- In a verb or an adjec ing further d forms of complements, il or explanation, This is called the complement. Among the various that describes or comments on the achieved state of the 01 an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. ‘The structural particle “7” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. ‘To ereate the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ + Adv + A a mR # aR R The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ H+ A + BA on AR? RR wR BR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “##". The first verb is often omitted. ase(VY) +O + V+ H+ Adv + A | de i fey | (a) [these | |# | exit? | i Lee | |e fa ow de || Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “fl”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate, For “ARR” , “ARR” (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the example; complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “7” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say O" “AWARE.” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques tion. For example; Question Answer WGA AND? — GEAR RRA, BUPA, RRA © 2 BHA “T” OQ: AMHR Particle “T” ©, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “7” Q) always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and By [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. -16-A ARE ABIL? Where are you going? REHM I am going to the shopping mall, EMA? What are you going to buy? B REMIT? Where have you been? Or Where did you go? RAB. Pve been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. HEAT? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? BERR o Tve bought some clothes. Or RR RR I am going to buy some clothes. I bought some clothes. “SHDH" and “TRL” are not completed actions in the past In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. ‘To negate a sentence with the particle “J” (2), place the adverb “}&( 4)” rather than “78" before the verb, and omit “J” from the end of the sentence. To form a V/A-not-V/A question, negative ( “+.-¥f In group A, juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its +), or add “+. S44” to the end of an affirmative sentence. V+ O+ 7 Predicate Subject — eee ae Adv v ° [arr & | wh te | aay | * RH la soy? | * HR | SBA Rath? | Notes; E 5 (1) When present, the particle “J” @ always indicates that actions or events have taken place in the past. However, it is not tme that “J” @ is always required to express past ever Ws. To narrate a past event (especially several events taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -11-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J EMAWEFLA LY, FF ERW—>RS. (2) If “T” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the For example; sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; WET o “J” expresses the completion and realization ’ of the action and confirms the completion or BET 6 iP ARR T realization of some event or situation. 3. SyAYHA Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic etbs is “AA” or “A—A”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic v bs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; 4, Bi, —, FH, BA, AI, BIB, ete. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short the idea of giving something a try. In this sen the verb, tion for that action or it is similar to adding “—" to 4, 100~10000/)#53i3: Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 lol —FO- 102 —wO= 109 —FOA = 110 —G—+ Wl =F#-+— U2 —_—-+Fs N9 -@—-+A 120 —Fa+ 19l —FA+— 192 199 —GAth 200 =F 21 =FO- 202-=FOD ee 209 =FOX 210 =H—+ 91 AAAT— 992 999 ABAPA 1000 —F 1001 —F0— 1010 —+-O—+ 1052 -FOA+= 1100 --—F 1109 —F—GOA 3543 SF AAWtS 890 AFABAT WO AFEATATA -18-1. HFK (1) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (1) When constructing Chinese characters, certain rules are followed in the combination of sound, structure and meaning. ‘Though the forms of modern characters are frequently very different from these ancient ones, Chinese characters still maintain the characteristics of a logographic writing system, Therefore, understanding the process by which Chinese characters are formed will facilitate learning them. Pictographic method ($IB% whole image or the partial characteristic of an object. It is the original method of forming characters, ‘This method of construction depicts either the a. Depicting the whole image of the object. For example: ALKA RD FBS FR KA £.7.7. 8 A, FMF RAAT, b, Depicting a characteristic of the object. For example; BEARS ¢. Depicting both the object and other associated things. For example: RAG. In antiquity, these single-component characters, which we have already leaned, were originally pictographic. Nowadays, they are no longer very pictographic but are similar to codes. However, when they are used as the basic components for multi- component characters, the fact that they maintain either their original sounds or meanings certainly helps our understanding of the latter. min the people 5 strokes 2) f (4) rap bi feurency) 4 strokesa F + gian thousand 3 strokes aA Ve jit long 3 strokes (6) R(R) 7 © HBG hun abundant 7 strokes @) fe CY eRe giu mound, hillock 5 strokes Ot Net tadcs yong road; path 7 strokes ae ) (Bz) (-+ a ) Ya Asia 6 strokes (9) #(#) FoR che vehicle 4 strokes ao) & - zhong — heavy 9 strokes ay & “FREyou especially 4 strokes 3. AS PX'P HLF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) # 260 t FP ey 6 strokes ? v (2) 44 yinhang (444) BE +k 11 strokes (3) EER pdidul (4m) de> 4 + OF 11 strokes Boe EA 4 strokes (4) #& huan (4&) Roy + KR 10 strokes * (pangzitou) ee ole (5) &% yingbang (34%) 6 strokes BRE + te + 15 strokes (6) AA cong (#) Mah tek 4 strokes Oka Rom, ter 6 strokes -21-(8) AM CGnguan (AFR) M>k + W 6 strokes (9) th bingmaydng (fi) KO ht 7 strokes fir 4+ 9 strokes: (10) 848 4 ~mingxinpian in a 9 strokes (11) LHAR gOngzud rényuan (1A H) Rorom+yn 7 strokes (12) £3 Wangfijing Jie > 0 + AE 8 strokes (13) 4% Xan BOP te 6 strokes (14) AUR fazhan (48) Borer t ter 10 strokes (5) #383 ptonghud ($38 3) it. > +™ +a 12 strokes MOA PL 10 strokes -22-(16) 44% nidnging (442) Hoe + B 9 strokes (On the left side of a character, the fourth stroke of “4” is written as Fucliszipang) zER RF Fi 7 strokes (17) #4) lid Hy + RR 10 strokes Al > F + | 7 strokes (18) #& déng 15 strokes 12 strokes SOLAR Nite Xi’an and the Ancient Chinese Capitals Xi'an is a renowned ancient Chinese capital. Back in the 11th century BC, King Wu of the Western Zhou Dynasty established his capital, named Haojing, where Xi'an is currently located. After that, the Qin Dynasty ( 221 BC—206 BC), the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—25 AD), the Sui Dynasty(581 AD—618 AD), and the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD), all had their capital citi was the capital city of Chinese civilization for ever one thousand years of its at Xian, five-thousand-year history. In antiquity, Xi'an was called Chang'an. In the year -B-1369, its name was changed to Xi'an, and has remained the same to the present day. Now the modem city of Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province. Nanjing is another ancient Chinese capital. ‘The Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms’ Period (229 AD—277 AD) and the Eastern Jin(##) Dynasty (317 AD—420 AD) all established their capitals in this city. After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the act ng president in Nanjing. From 1927 to 1949, Nanjing performed the role of capital city of the Nationality government of China. Now it is the capital of Jiangsu Province. Be for a period of more than eight hundred years. After 1949, it became the capital ng was the capital city of the Jin(¢), Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties city of the People’s Republic of China. In addition, Luoyang, Kaifeng, and Hangzhou are among what are called the six major ancient Chinese capitals. -24-Filling out forms, getting a library card, going to the library to borrow and return hooks, paying fines for overdue books: theee are some of the things that you are very likely to do in your school life. This lesson will teach you how to express these activities in Chinese. You will | al two sentence patterns particular to the Chinese language STAIR Lesson 16 R$, RLARM EH. HUNK, THAR: eres RH MARA LM AUN LAE ARMED T TAR: PRT RETO 2 TM, SLR AB * # 25THA hk: LAR: BH SARIT o RAK, REN TMD A AIM BIE, ee eR NRE m < ee. TAR oS TH ik: BAT. ne eee my, 4% crete eee PR. RASTER SHAS: ARIA, ea Fy DR ARIUS AIR, RIE RE a, TA tk: ARUP BAAN Habe, RR Rit, RAMEY OAS MARA DRK,? TA it, He RAS, HS"? RB: STAR", TA sk: RA BHA? cach) on R &: AeA? TA dk: B—S—A? HAA", “MLE? eonsve Vv¥N even e a. RR H, Bear, s To Hee KA ARH RT ,—BILAB Se Nv vey ALARA BIE T ae a New Words Prep ba (denoting the disposal of sth.) 25% TAUB T ORI T 28 Vv wang to forget ST LK ALOR IL 3. AE ON tushigudn — library Jet HEB. Swat, BH At N tushii books AE N guan shop; a place for cultural activities ‘SAR INTE SA A 4. pI —N — hangSngshi office EBA FISHEYE ay BETHEAR PRE Dp vo bangong to handle official business; to work (usu. in an office) yZsaitfi] = N shi room {KEL3E 5. WN shang to go up; to get on / last; previous 3, £3, bP bk, EEO 6 & Adv xian first; before eArra 2 eA Aae , HER Flat 7. RIE ON fi@shOzhéng — library card 4 (fF5iiE AMESBTE FEHB EDs TEBE cea v jie to borrow; to lend (8%, (448, (HBR, aoe21 ae oF Bl a . RAT BS& ae BS tal FRR ogee WN VN zhéng yihuir xia dai tian biGo na man buxing shanghiid ait xingming xingbié zhiye Jiao (AY certificate; card BACHE iE, CAPE a little while —2JL@tA,—AILER, LEA ta gn down, ta get affnext F3k, FX, PRR, SL Pos Bac, FS, BA to bring HAF ANT BH ALM, WR BART to fill in; to write EAI HUEA, Hy FS AE AL form; table; list Se, 728, 4H to take; to hold; to get SHR, SGM, PARP, SE slow; slowly AHS ,2F72718 HEH 18 RS not be allowed; won't do to live ife feeb BH TARR SD En AEE TEAR PUR AIA oneself (RAC RAC EAS, Ae #,ae5, 00M name EAE Ait Mie sex; gender SAtES occupation; profession +2. ARb A WRuL, POPUL to hand in; to hand over; to pay (the rent, etc. ) 3698, 206R, ZERITTAR: am B VoN ENN eee 2 MME BED T S Ket? Sof vee se 2 DI TBD MER RC ee NN Ne Ne -vo Ne eve vv 2 PRIMEWARS. AIR, PRM ERMA T ORE HEA? ROBBER, TRAER AAS ERDAS A CN Me, RAM AH LRA A SSvoNN Ne vee Vv avANs - 2 PARMA PUVARILE SE, BAPAC KH -29--VvVN eee ees LW Horo S ei RB. TROD AS Means RAAT LAA ARS ee AO BALIN T EARL ARS eS VN NN ev RM PRIS SONA ANE UE LET . SR? THAR: —KGRM-RABL,O BHT OAH, #T+R, Bh BRAY Ro Bh: BAIR, HA, GRA AML? NSN ovVN vO o4vv ee Ut) TARA T: AULA WH ET Add, SIR Bante boy TA ik: WOAH ae aR AM? vovvoverwsvvey LUA SN : Ho BRR AEE RGR A), AE Ta] New Wonks eek A chang Jong BYTE BSR HT ARAL a 2 Bik VN k&oshi to give or take an examination/examination; -30-ote 3. Rae 10. $4 4 a Vv vo Vv von kéo. buicud fanyi xin kébén cha huan gudqi gud qi fakudn. fa kudn diannéo dian nao cha test KBAR RA Ma to give or take an examination; to test SOB BE BRR I not bad 7G 748 HUG A GE AE AAG, RAE to translate; to interpret SRI, GE ER HN A new HH MAE HAG, MMA textbook SFA LIA TRA IRA, ALK ADRAC to go or come out He, HAE AIR ILM to give back; to return i643, 8URA WHR to be overdue iM T BOAR ARR x to pass a period of time to impose a fine or forfeit/fine i1INT12K; BK to punish; to penalize FUER, TS > ee, Td TRB a sum of money computer I-47 8 6 Ie HF electricity brain to check; to look up #2RA, AAT, AiG a BE JD aE =e13. EA WIBIRA) PN SA shiyong Supplementary Words th Lia] 1 BES ON yuélanshi DRS N zazhi 3 N wénda 4, IT v yuding 5. Bia] N fangjian 6. Ae N gudji 7. Re N ydoshi 8 AR N mulu 9. Be v xujie 10. FH N nidnling UPR PN Guangdong 12. AE N chdl6u 13. BA N — léorén 14. FPR Vv kdisht 15. BF N hdizi 16. 2A A rénao =32- Xin Shiyong Hanyti Kebén New Practical Chinese Reader practical reading room magazine questions and answers to reserve; to book room nationality key catalogue list to renew age Guangdong Province tearvoms; tea house the elderly: the aged; old man or woman to start; to begin child lively; bustling with noise and excitementtH ys D 4 Raa AT ES? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” ‘The adverb “BE"(2) is often used to suggest the eailiness or quickness of an action. It is also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: RE RRR T AURA EAE D BEET BVI AKA ABER. “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “#4 @” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “(LAG”,“RIAC”,“HRAC" “SIH AO", “Be 4a". @ Ae. “You yourself know (what to write).” @ RGM EBMBRT “T heard that you had an exam last week ” “£" and “" are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “f:” meaning “last” or “previous”, and “” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous this __next/the following Ek (last time) 2k (this time) “F2& —— inext time) EMA (last Friday) (4+) 291% (this Friday) & (next Friday) ER (last month) ik} A (this: month) (next month) @ ILM BATES Rata? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-© ALIKE. The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” 1. AHH 2. RIN LRA, LACH PIED T 3. BRA RTS? 4. DEP A 5. BLAME EAR BIE T 6. 7 8. ILM TMA S Kea ia? . AG It HAT AER TAR, FAT RAL IES A ATE, Hee 1. RET IAEA Master the following phrases (1) Rete SKRRA BMAKEACY FERABHWAH PNK -ALRAR —SNLRLI RBG —ALH ERE AUS Ate AtS ACH ACHD Ack AAT WNACHH BACLERG MATRA (ig CHL BRAACMAS AACHBBS AMNACHI OE ER LE FR FR BR HE BR BE ERE FRA FRA FUR GHEE BER BRA NMRR PMR PRL P-AGR (4) RAHAT FRAT FeaET feet T jeombRT FORMAT LKRAT seize wa HET TOMAR T 4 FILET +A FB A BHA AF RAZR Bota RIAD FTA MI-*A AMTSR FAITH Q G (5 maa)2. AIM Patten drills (1) RAIL? SLALOM WHER BRITA? RA. W-AURGK, 2) RB EH? RE WELRET WHERE T BS? HEAPBEES 3) ete HoH HART? (4) ARR AVE? WAMRRAT 6 (5) Ail LAH EH? HR, LER WAFL? BSA HRA MT. BGA CHI RBRADAT 7 BRE BR Th AK FR 11:30 —#& ER RHA HAART) Sez (yuslanshi) 434k AAS = $ bh _ Hawt By $ zw [ax 4a aq ait ae os | ~35-(6) LAMA MRA R-RABT BRT? _ RA MADAT. [ze FRG 1054 ia BR Aa aba MET S Katia? [Bee 2H SHH | RETHAIL, (7) FARARRGLOAT. Fam Ge 3K | Eh) RARER BE KREME SM 2AM S Kaa? Be £R-#, (8) Ashi AT S Rapin? »—— RB — 7-20 Be RF RATHAE. gk Bae PME WA AEE AR? HA Hh PAH MA (wenda) sat] AIBA ALBA TLE AR RE 3. WRKEsH Classroom activity Ask three of your classmates in Chinese, how much time they spend each day on the following activities, and then report your findings to the whole class: (DaRL; (Q)IIB;, GRE I, 4ERF 4. SiG Conversation exercises [JASE Filling out forms] A: AZ, RAT (yuding) > 4 Fl (fangjian). 4. 7 ee REF. MAA FRA, 2 WA, EAR? 2 LAE 89 HS EB fo 4 (QUOI) , HILAR. 1 BAA, RA PB? > o> w -36-B; x}, RRR (ydoshi), 44 Fi] 26684, 413 Borrowing books] 1) As aR aap 2 B: kT AR—# A He (mulu), A: BAMILE? B; AR JLA Bw, AE AS. 2) A: AA, RMR BAH. B: Hf, BPMHERT DS? Ap A ILO HT HES Kat ia]? B: i645 Returning books] A: AA, REL AG BS B: FH. BLA T ZAG RILAOA, A: RB? ATRL, MCMAPHSFET SHS MRH-—HY? B: TA, BEABMBRA A: HAL, RT AHH (XUjie) 3k AH? B: &TARR— +A CAWRAC Making new friends] C1) A: BaF, BH sh AT? Bz (835! Mute ik IL? A: REAR. KERM EH B: Hit, PAR, MAAS, RHE MSM, A: ERA GARERGS, Aoi ERED, B, #4, -37-(2) Br TARY? A: REAL, RUERC. HH HBR, Bz iti. B, RPT ABBLT. Ay Aad Ase IL, B: Wt. BRAEBRT. A: RAS 53% Leaving and coming back in a moment] HAD ib ie, B: 4, RRR. (to C, D)stR Rte (2) A: RARE? B: A, RRR, HHILB? A; BRAT B: #,&-BILRE. (to C, D) RA ER awk HAIL, . 5. @AUE Describe the following pictures t Hl (#-F) CGRER) GAL?) =38-6. 385439 Communication practice (1) You go to the university library to borrow books about the Chinese language. First, ‘ou ask the library staff where the grammar books are located, and how m, ‘Then you ask whether there are any new or good textbooks for se. The library staff answer all of your questions. (2) Last time, you borrowed five Chinese books dealing with grammar, spoken Chinese, translation, and Chinese chatacters, You have kept dhese books for over a month. Today when you go to the library to return them, you find out that they are overdue and you have to pay fines. (3) You want to get a library card. You must fill out the following form: He : Pe) | SpHe(nianling) —_| - 3 — 8 4 (QUOI) T- AR (Guangdong) Ay AS RE (chdlou) RY FP RAA (IGOrén) #5 A — KABA BAR FF Hs (KGISHT) , AT ABA AEAR FRR FIM RIG MOR GR, RAPS T RAR, MILEAR S 1040 FRAG OATS SRA RIL A FIL, FARRAR ER CHAAR, BRR, FAIA AIR ET KR NTA AT oHE MT MG EEE I IR 5 ARF (NGI), BART RA BROCK BE RG BPM BG, ARG HM ERE-RHIL, HoH IA] (TENGO) AT ARS HABA aL AR A LAT HL HA Se ditt SKA APRIL PHAM. FRAP AEMABE, BORER AK OR RA -30-AREA TR. Ae AG T AOR LT OLA T RAMA LET EAM -RLIFH To Fas em 1. [HALIM The simple directional complement “oe” and “3" are often placed after certain verbs to act as their complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the object(s) under discussion, we use “3”; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion, we use “2”. For example; Avi RS (The speaker is standing inside. ) DEWERT 5 (‘The speakers are standing upside. BC. RHA, 5LET. (‘The speakers are standing downside. ) If a verb with a simple directional complement has an object, it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the megative adverb “¥E( 7)” is used. To form the W/A-not-WA question with this onstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. Vit 0 + RIE ] Predicate cena doe ee ——— es ei) an | & at | jog | | | R Tt | tenn & a * a? & & a) @ R + He ie eee | ea | ie | FRR a | Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “T-” Dy hut the particle: “T° @ ran be week at the cud of the semence show that something has already happened, Thus, we cannot say @ “Piel fete” 2. “Hit” 4] (1) The “f2” sentence (1) The “ff” sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, ie. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has heen changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal Ay Hedi 47? Ar Hi HIE? GA RERILT? B, RABHT. B, R4OHIET, (s0 you can't find it now) -41-A: Hah BRLG? Ar HRRAHL AR AH ERA? B: ABT GHA A) B, AAA, Adee A ET. (so F've made such a mistake) In the “#8” sentence, the preposition “J” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adver and before the vorb. J and be placed after the subject S +48 +0 + V + other elements Predicate Subject Adverbial | Prep o [= | Other —_ “38” | (disposed of) |__| elements & EL & To Me AB A Ao & | Tar & zee] we | t. Me ee a TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “fi” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. SEE REE, HK, HA and ill which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or manipulate”, cannot be used in the “4%” sentence. erbs such as “ (2) The object in the is usually definite in the speaker's mind. Therefore, we cannot say: ORI A-BBW TY. ” We can only say: “FILMA B (3) The verb in the “J” sentence must take some other element(s) after it. ‘The “4@" sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “J” at the end (and we will introduce the other “4” sentences with different element(s) later). We cannot say:® “FRIES LS RICA LAST” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put be- fore “#8”. For example: “RMAHR LIM BBL.” 3 we must say; 3. IYR4MH (1) The time-measure complement (1) ‘The time-measnre complement is used after a verh to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state, When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object ually omitted RAY a”. and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is in this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “ (V) + O + V+ time-measure complement Predicate Subject | — — a a _ W | 0 v Pt_| Time-measure Complement 7 m| | Te f | 7 Tat | | Ba + | eR, an |e) BE a 7 Sat & (4) Se | | T BABY Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “— 3} , BY /Iv ATR and —ZJL". Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as mo, A—e, 2002 4”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express a duration of time. For example, we cannot say; @ “#4 T—#0K. ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the predicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement. For example: TAREAFIL WETTED, AREA T A a? hinese Char AREF 1. DLFAHISRK (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (4483): This is a method in which new characters are rs reated by adding sign to conventional symbols and pictographs. There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of =43-two types: a, Those created on the basis of the conventional symbols established in primi tive times. For example; — 9, Be. b. Those created by adding indicative signs to pictographs. For example: J). APL F. 2. USHA Leam and write basic Chinese characters oR FFE tR bido form 8 strokes (2) HE J NN Hr sa 4 strokes @) Ee Cap aie ee i ae guan official 8 strokes (4) JE —T FFE zneng right 5 strokes or ~ =F FAX shi style 6 strokes 3. UBWOCHHNE Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts () 4e ba we>et+e 7 strokes ~44—2) & wang =O FF tie 7 strokes 3) B48 tushigudn (i #4) A->O+AzA 8 strokes kB > ho + 11 strokes. (4) s# bangongshi (4 2) ey ge et ee 9 strokes 5) fy H4E jieshuzhéng (4% Het) pee he ee ae] 10 strokes wi +e 7 strokes 6) 34 tian Bot + Eo 13 strokes, 7) dai (#) Cs ah ot p 9 strokes 8) & man Mot+ra+ weer 14 strokes 9) 43% shénghud one tee, 9 strokes ~45—(10) 4%) xingbié wp + 8 strokes arate | 7 strokes (11) Rak zhiye (ARE) tet the the 11. strokes (12) & jido Ce ae ae 6 stokes (13) 4X kGoshi (44%) # aK + 5 6 strokes KRrmi +x R strokes (14) #4 bUcud (* 4H) Boe + e 13 strokes # canzitou) © ° “#4 # # 7 strokes (15) #2 fanyl (#3) @—o*F +0 4+ J + J 18 strokes Boi + Re = 7 strokes (16) & xin Rr nee + 13 strokes AG17) Hi 3k fakudn (#4) Hor w+eyt | 9 strokes KRreetti rer 12 strokes 18) fa dianndo (€ #4) fe > A+ + wy 10 strokes 19) 4 cha &eoR+A+— 9 strokes 20) KIA shlyong (Al) Koa + 8 strokes prea Iie The Educational System of China The educational system of China consists of basic education, vocational and technical education, higher education, and adult education. Basie education refers to pre-school, primary, and general secondary education. Chinese children usually start their schooling at the age of six or seven. They spend six years in an elementary school. After that, they enter junior middle school to study for three more years. Th nine years of schooling are gencrally a7referred to as “nine-year compulsory education”, and are made universal in mos: parts of China. After graduating from junior middle school, many students enter senior middle school, whereas some choose to go to specialized secondary school or vocationa secondary school (generally called “vocational senior middle school”). ‘The period of study for both types of school is three years. After graduating, students may seek employment, or they may choose to continue their studies at the higher education level. ‘The length of schooling for a university education is usually four years, but some programs (medicine, for instance) require five years of study. At the time of graduation, if a student meets all the academic requirements, and is given the authorization of the state, a bachelor’s degree is then conferred upon him or her by the university. After graduating from university, one may opt for further studies toward master’s and doctoral degrees. Each degree usually takes three years to obtain, © most universities in the world, Chinese universities offer three academic degrees, i.e., the bachelor’s, the master’s, and the doctorate. ~48—Have you ever worn Chinese-style clothes before? Do you know shat a Chinese cheongsam is? When shopping for clothes, do yo -sually compare colour, price, size and style? In this lesson you will vam how to choose clothes and make comparisons in Chinese. FBTR Lesson 17 T Aik: ER: 2 WR MUSE PA RAR? ARAB KB? AR RAR FEE LEAS PRES Ea veoviovene ~4re ; = = SRS? vevene vues RRAREF YT. THA WROBITAT MRILEA, ths Mca ib AS IRAE, LER BO SAT PkEMMRMLT EHR Ot, TR AeH RGR RUA MHZ, HAHA ~49-TAik: EPR: TAR: H + ia] 1. He 3. ¥ 4 px 5. OB ~50- So RABE PAZ? Nee ev VN Ne VV eee 2 AT BMI REE RAK, RAF BP ARR eee FN VN vey : aas!° KE PRAM RAY. REKH ARE, RHBLaH? Tn vy Describing things : RbROM, vuvo« vos ove : RLEKAM, ees MABE YH BEREAR AY? ves We Sve) RABAT URAAMETAT, IRB KEM IPE, MLR B, THE AL, a Nuk Ro dun tke, REBAADR. New Words N qipdo cheongsam; a long formal dress with a slit skin — #048 2 ratte. PEAY Bee Prep bi than (indicating comparison) HGIB(EI 36 HOABEE, SRS, HO AR — AL. v mai to sell SEAM, SIAL, TRIB, Seep 4 LRA A zhdngshi Chinese style PRARIR, 35 T N shi type; style Adv yiiing already BEOMET BET. BeweaT2. >Re Pe shangdian shang dian ie) yiding cha kdishi tdijiquan tao shudi yanse héi hong bai pidnyi méi guGnxi gongyuan zou shop; store /) i AGH HO TA PETA, AINE commerce; business shop; store extremely SAT KT set T ART must; surely 24837 , SE 7 ME, “FERN, RHR tH not up to standard; poor; bad 4 2, ERT R-ER AREA Sits to start; to begin JF RIFF HM BULETE RG RIERA FRE 3, FRA Taiji Boxing FAR, FAURE set; suit; suite —JE KAR ,— BKB Tea handsome; smart 40h, Whi Tbe Ah, — sie Avi colour ft 2. Bit, BEFEAEH A EAE WBE, ARATE, black — FRAY , ARB ES FR AC red £109, <0 AOR white GAY, FBI, Fiera cheap (Hh, — AWRY ZR, RAMEE never mind; it doesn’t matter t— RULER BILE DH JLBR park = AH EIL, AST ARE BAMA. — PAE to walk; to go AAPM iEIE, ET — Palit a EE ieRw te R& 52 2 PRES T RAT : RHRRAR? ALB 2 RRM BE? 1 LP LAME SE, RH, voves. v - 4 Bo vavevvovy ETHBT.? VEN ae 4M Feet Vevey 2 MIA AM RAR, RAMA TS vosvre vvees NS : SUVEA MI, TAS AA. ERM EAH? OS 2M RRR T TRE AEF ABER A 8b Ae, 2 BTVIR-IK, g Buying ae > vove Avayvy LN oe Ro RIAA RIL, RAR? vvrveny No 2 RRP RHR ETA MED Be, BEERRKG, UA EADveANy Rh, AGAR ET ATH: AS GFK ALM ABBR, AT Rt SAM RM KAAD, BRR. AM: bd AMET RKB LO RRS, Rte: Reese mma, a OM: TAUKST. VAs RK Ps AMET SY vos HR: FEAL T RAR - 4 een R Be: BMS RAL, voovavss Ses N cay vee FRM, RPC AR RE MAEM TRS K Sv ov AR ee FH? BRBARMPS BAR? ial New Words Lbat oN xidosht hour Bi INih JL +n, es 2 tk Vv gudqu to pass Bit TY. ZRMET 3. AAS N chénshan shit —fN, A, PN ET HET 4, ait green rH), RA ARIAS EEA 55. N 6 BHR ON aE Vv oa N LR v 8H OV 9. Bie A 10. 42 A We A 12, Bay N 13. ARIST ui 14, 2H N 15. FAR N th Fe Fie] 1 M 2. (F) N 3. KR ON 4.474f vo 5. & M =54— yangzi shouhudyuan shou hud shi juéde héshi duan gao gongfén médfan sichou xif Supplementary Words huang xié(zi) toufa dazhé tio shape; sample; model; pattem FH. AUORT DOOR T shop assistant; salesclerk to sell #55 goods to try on; to have a try iit it—tt. BUA AE ok — BOAR ARI to feel; to think HBAK CAR BiB AFA RIL, MSE BI, RARER T suitable; appropriate; right 42 234,4 FUT PRA HB ES ASE short SGHGH M1 RT I-A JL ABR AEASET high; tall HARE H—AUL, BA centimeter PIAS} Mi —AS, BBC BAS to bother sb.; to trouble sb. ARIS, FUSIEST AELRIET 7B PRAT silk 229541 , 229522 , Hh El 22 9 Western-style clothes; suit #200), FER, ARF, 23 AY OT AR pair shoes hair to sell at a discount; to give a discount 4TAUH (Wo sell at ten percent discount) (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc. )6. EF N kuzi trousers; pants 1. HP N _ xiangsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8 TRA IE lidobuai amazing; terrific; extraordinary o. A bdo thin 10. R M yé page uu. AF N lidozi material for making clothes 12. AP N bu cloth; fabric 3. Be Adv ZOngshi always 14 N bido watch D GRAB RAT 2 “How long have you been in Beijing! Some actions, such as “3k, 4:3)”, do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example; RAPHER-FT. ABBE BADE T 2D Mee At RAI 1 A HBB. “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing.” In spoken language, “fk” and “4” are often placed after an adiective or a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. “#7” denotes she highest degree, while “ZT” indicates a great extent of difference. For example; AV + hT/ BS sae, RE WT. te we RT. MARA 3T. Hepp rete ie $T. -55-@ HRT! “That's wonderfull” In spoken language, thie is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satis faction. It is more emphatic than “Ki T" . Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; SRT WET (marvelous; excellent ) | IERIE LEE (very good), (good ) Rett ( not bad) ZBWTVA, ZL EbARVE (passable; just soso), AALF(not very good ) | ASE, 32 Yh (ad ) ® REALTHT. “T have already bought the shirts.” @ is a perfective construction, If the object doe: ‘A verb plus the particle “ not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, it requires the particl- “T"® to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the comple tion and realization of the action expressed by the verb, They also emphasize that th- event or situation has already orcured For example, RETHBT. PETIT 6 NE ARIE TORE “Miss, I'm really sory to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © JEM, RRA “AIL right, Tll buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “jj” shows emphasis ~56-: KEY SENTENCES . RAK F Kat iT? AERA A BE, Ra ER oe oh? ROBETHBT. SA Se AI HE Rw AR I . RA oO IME KASS . APART S T MS RRR Aah AS . IL AE AG aK 05 WG fe Hh ST SPANAWAWNHE 1. 3k FINK Master the following phrases (1) Rh oh Be RO Pah he MH Bie ASH MAM Mio RPK MP RMS MM REPAH MERE RTH Pea PH shee Kah shee Bk Die WH BAM SSO doILH SMH THAR AY FRO PATH Hes Hew (2) Hest HAE MHRA Wik MARA RAMESH HORA LILA] HARA OUR AR, WPM EER HR ILA RR (3) RATRR MEATR KHAD BEAD S-h FOtH HOR FH PEAS HRB peo eee ap HERKAR— RIL eR HAS (4) $RT AAT AMT HAT TRAT SZRT REMT HST MST FST RST BST 2ST HST WAST BMST FBST BRST SST RLEFHT AKRW-HT ABRTAT ARGEBED DMT FRBEB-PE DHT (5 -57-(6) STOtRFT ATAAAMT AT-ARBHT LATHAAWT RT ZHRET 2. AJR Pattern drills | (1) tk PROBS KaMT? x Lie BA AP REET ee ee & 7 20 He} [aA a8 Aiba | (ey AR CN) BB x (Hi) 2 i a | BORK ie (3) PARR eH? Le FF te READAR IER S | MHAOKS ABMS Ra RRA BARK Bib lee teat » 2 am awe mk x 200 3 4% LBM SP? | CR Shudng) BRAPATH eM AA RB AND,| AR(xIE) a 1% (baa, K = hb LO Be (5) ree ARA BG? z ® AON AHH RAE, wf % % g wae -58-(6) RRA MIEAA! HL, RRA. mee “ Bee RinAwET, ae a RF RE | oe a 3. HRB Classroom activity Complete the following comparisons (1) RAB, 23 Hes ISH 37 IR > REPKREP RA RUPKRBPRAS? RRR HR Ho (2) RFRA; 18.50 H; 7HRA :26.90 & > THERA PRA SPUR AMR TRA ay? DRAM RERA Hee (3) RTA: 350 A541 AK 240A - > AMAA NAMA ATR O ATER AT AA —_ a? RIMRHAR A (4) ZAI 43 HS RAEI 30 > LLC 1 EEA RGR IB BY? EAM Bo (5) i& BA: 120 4p ; ARH HAH: 117 Dap IRAE aR AH AR HF a BFE He AR ae BY? eee A 4. S49 Conversation exercises (HBAEY Describing things] C1) A: A, RAAB? Br AME IRA IE? Ar HRA, RR Soh ey BF pee ___ 24. ~59-B, SHwRAGY A: Bi. BiH, YALA AIL, AM (tOula)A AIL 4 B, Ro T MHRA L, A= 209 ADE, A: iit, (2) Ar BARR MPR FERRE, B: tt. RRMA Fa RM, A: REHAT AF URH AERP AG, B: 2, PAs CM ° (64 Comparing things ] (1) Ar HARA A, RAEI AC, MIR we ° 2 HR, ERR, LER Fo tes 2 HLH Lak HS 2 ULAR AD, bi 05 By aE (2) A: Am, MAIR S Kari 77 5 RAE MIR IB OR LAE —__o 2 ORB, Mais repo RF $T. wee > eb [3841 Buying clothes] (1) As dvd, RAB MH B BREW? A: RF 4256. B: BAAR, Ar TAR FB? B 1 TA, Fi? -60-OF OP OF OP OF OF OP OR he Be wb wD he ARMM MRALF 1 EMASE, SYR? + 280 3&, 2 REAR TAIL? 2 AB, tL (Zhe), 2 ARIE APE (1100) EF (KUZI) EH A? 2 RIA AR. sh, & ARH? : 3503, + ARE RIL? Bo SIRR HH? : RFS APH. HAD, 1 BPR? 199 3k. + ART. 1 BBS? : 100%, 1 LOK. + RNAS $—F, 150, Be 1 RK + HPL ADAM A 120 REA aie5. PAGE Describe the following pictures SKIL) SER YE ABIL AY PR © ABIL ER He ° ROL ERGAILHER ST, AR JL a FER oe BT. SRA FAR AR AE BOR : ‘\ AR RO a ERR ARE RR BRBL ME RAE? —_______. BMAF AMRF MBM, MEHMET? -62-6. 3€5R453 Communication practice (1) You have just retumed from Beijing. Describe to your telatives the difference between China and your own country, or compare Beijing to a city in your country. (2) What does your friend like? What does hehe like to do on the weekends? Call and talk to your friend now. (3) You went shopping in a mall. At first you wanted to buy a suit, but it was too expensive, so you didn’t buy it, ‘Then you wanted to buy some shirts, but they were either too big or too small, or ton lang or too short. You didn’t find the colours or styles suitable, so you didn’t buy any shirts, Finally, you bought a Chinese-style dress that appealed to you. Snel “Bi AUL” (ABR, xiangsheng ) Ar EXE, WRU IS PT? B, REARY SPST LARA AF A: RIMIME LEAKS. SFETTESR AMMAR B, HRSA BAT FA (lidobuqi) Ay REA, BMP AM, TORR. EAE T AG, SRT +, BR (bdo), Ham (ye). : Rava T ARB HH, : SPR? LGR. HRM SSAR! BATA, : RE. MEA AM, TARR, Hhayarag Rt 2A-F (lidozi) 4? : RAR (bu) a : RFHHBRABM, HAR FS To > > > ow > Pere PoeA: BEA. MOSES RK? Bi ADFS+ thE? Ar ROFAT—o B: BURK-F, Ar REA HSA? B: 172 84,6? A: RRE 173 BY, WRAL, B: A,4 A (ZOngShi) HK iF — BIL. A: RBA. Hi R (Dido) MAIL? B: Ake Ar RH RET By ey Rare aH Rm, A: REA. —— 4? aA 1, “A"#4GHH(1) The “A” phrase (1) ‘The “fy” phrase is constructed by placing “ff)” after a noun, a pronoun, an ad- jective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. P/N/SA + fH & #4 (mine) mp 4 (the teacher's) ce] #9 (the silk one) (the big one)The “#9” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence. For example: RA ak I Ob. REKRH WEKAH, 2. FASria“ te” Rem We (1) Comparison using the preposition “bi” (1) The preposition “Hi” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “Hi" and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep‘le” + N/Pro# A the adjecti Predicate Subject waa Prep “Ik” N/Pr sk Ab BE we IE Ae RB ABH A He bh a S. BATS He PEA Bik, be Da te = S + Prep“ti"” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject — — N N/Pr VP tk | & go HS, wha % R wi RO | esi ae % | HA wh # ‘The adverb “75” is placed before “LL” to form a negative comparative sentence. “SREY + A” means “x < y” or For example: #eF EAH (meaning “Iam taller than him” or “he is “bE KG KAW 4H KGH*, (meaning “things in small stores are better than those in big shopping malls” or “ things in-small stores are as good as those in big shopping malls”) stall as mo")Notes; (1) The auxiliary verbs and adverbs must be placed before “Ei” . For example HET AE CRE SRA RRS IR CARE RE (2) ‘The adverbs “48, 24,4E#” cannot he used before tha adjective in a “1G” sentence with an adjectival predicate. For example, we can not say @ “tice. ” 3. SCAN The complement of quantity In a “f£" sentence with an adjectival predicate, the complement of quantity (a numeral-measure word phrase) can be used after the main clement of the predicate to express specific differences between two things or persons. A + Numeral-measure word phrase Predicate | Numeral-measure word phrase (the result of Subject | N/Pr A “1” | (the object of | (the aspect of comparison) | comparison ) ‘comparison ) eRe ae Rm x —#. BAH |) BAH a 20 FH, ate % Ie Ok Aad, a! wenn 3 90 N3 The word “—;{JL” is used to indicate a slight difference between two things or persons, while “J” is used to indicate that the difference is great. For example; SE RICE TE BIL AAEM MAGST ‘The question form for this type of sentence is “A + 4/b? AEA REA AS SYA? TRAE FUR HC MEE S 7 (AR)? » For example;erect) 1. WFAA FIK(3) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(3) Associative method (23835): ‘This method of construction combines two or more words to create a new word with a new meaning, which is derived from the associa- tion of the original meanings of all the individual components. For example, “SK” is constructed by placing one “person” after another. to signify the meaning “to follow”. We have leamed the following characters in this category: A HEAL ASAE AAS HA ER oe. 2. ABEAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters aw LB Bue ff bi to compare 4 strokes @& 778 yl already 3 strokes 3) & BBR 4 Zs ji and 3 strokes 4 a * 2 Fe chén to produce; to give birth to 6 strokes of \veTraaeEgereg hei black 12 strokes & Lb ewe u si silk 5 strokes3. USOC H ALF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts 4 yipang) 7 4H FR 5 strokes (/#6" is written as “}" om the lef side of a character.) (1) #48 qipdo BoA +e + # 14 strokes Wo e+ GB 10 strokes (2) & mai (#) RFoO+T+sE 8 strokes (3) 8% shangdian BoP +b 8 strokes (4) #8 jf (4) Mort R 7 strokes (5) —& yiding Ramer 8 strokes (6) 3F48 kGishi (Fide) wok+ hte 8 strokes Rlquanzitou) - + ee yw ye 6 strokes (7) KAR tdijiquan (xa) BoRK+F 10 strokes -68-8) # tao BoR+E 9) Jp shuai (#b) wh — Yo + op * (daozitou) 7 4% 10 strokes 5 strokes 2 strokes ("Js as written as “4” on the top side of a character.) 10) ME yansé (Ae) Bom P+ a+ &Br77+8 11) 4@-@ pidnyi Brot +k fae + B yf 12) RKA mei guanxi (Mth) KOT EK 13) AB gongyudn (AR) B-O+A 14) #443 chénshGn (4244) ato eet nn 15) 4G (4%) Fe hf 1 5 strokes 6 strokes, 9 strokes 8 strokes 6 strokes 7 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 11 strokes:(16) # 4% 5 shoOuhudyuan (4 # 8) &#o#k +0 Ho t+ WH (17) &i& héshi (438) BOSH (18) #4 dudn BO R+E (19) ARE Mafan (ARS) Fk +4 kk Rok + HK fon (20) #38 sichou (448) Fr 2++hHiv a 11 strokes 8 strokes 9 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 11 strokesUrban transportation in China currently depends mainly on buses and the subway. Beijing has a very advanced public transit system, The bus routes are so numerous that it is possible to take the wrong bus. Our friend, Ma Dawei, took the wrong bus this time because he didn't remember the place name of his destina- tion correctly. SBT/\IR Lesson 18 FUE T MT LHAR: BK A: RHPA HO RIAHRP KY, MHAPRRK 8. AAPA At the post office vev THAR: 3 BT? heat. = VAN vee Ne ve RRA: spade, AMM FORA, RATA, -11-HRA: LAR: BRA: LFA R Re: APA a Kh: ERBLARAA, BRAMLEY A: KA. ev eee ov TR RBA? AVE EN Ve Le A: FMB CHEK, TREES T. Free, aN VAN vos Re OS 106 3. HARE LEY AF. VE CNT ceeeneny) Ay WH, RELR-POR. vVveve--vy gS, HR. WeA kw hen, seme, fh IRB RUnin Mey oy) KR BRE GRE OS } HL SK eI? ~— Ss SN 44 FN ve Ns ARENT WS Te HF BLO Hi, ‘. a + Ca ae ee RBA. on auarpests wgenngiciw |) aw | cases Sapam Wee Rene naeren TEE rare enaane ‘Buen, WARREWED “NAW TANPAYAGREFAR ai fo New Words v VN cud baogudé xle Yingwén cidian jie bao wang hangkéng kong hdiydn hai yourei fei qu tongzhidan tongzhi dan to remember; to bear in mind GUA aE ee ee wrongs erroncous ie SF. SE LE WS A pareel; package 418, —/- KARO some — SE, HUG, ABLE , PMS AB seme English ESC RUBE HE AB ARH HR SICH dictionary SECM, KU, — A Aig, seas olds past; used IHGA 1-H, (ELAR, ERS to wrap 8 ,AUR ete tos toward ESR) ALT ALK WE EBL aviation 6/002 U2 297 25) sky; air sea transportation; ocean shipping; ocean freight #3 WZ sea; big lake Postage SEs Be , 3 > ip Be fee; expenses; charge 798. KER ADR to take; to gets to fetch SURAT AUER BUNS se EIR HR Ri advice notesletier of notice 2283 FALE to notify; to inform/notification sheet, paper -73-15. HK N héiguan customhouse; customs £5 , HIE IAA 16, Hi Adv bi don't SIRT HT ST 17. PRR N huizhdo 18. BR A kéqi polite; courteous AST, AEER, WER KER 19. 3€H11 PN Jidnguéd Mén Jianguo Men (a place in Reijing) q N mén door; gate; entrance ov Nr TAR: KA, REBEBR IA BILT 5 WILE ERK? BRA: BRB BABB, PEK <_ >? TAR: ke ik ILA 803 BARA Baten. eS SovaNnee BRA: HERAT. BAT, aed ® vv-evuy Naa eS veveyv SER: HARALZA.© F—-3b,H11. FAW RES AS = Ne vA ORO MEA HEH?BRA: THAR: BKA: ial 1% 2. BHAA ON Be : RAL, FLAW. i: AVA T 1 SRK, GRRAK, AM VV VN ve NN Ar HL, HARARE MIT? NN. (eee) Taking the bus Ve oe 7 See S VV FRE NN SM A Re RAR TAIT EA, Am LRULREL ET, CONS O07 vvaN ee 1 RAR? MMT! RBRSWIG, NNR RN VN EEN Ves Re HEE! a vevioe Bi KA MALHE ARO LAR SIAR T OTE T LA? vey vans A: RHET, TRIABT . vive 4 vvane : RASH: they RR IB? aN wee SRB ART thacre! ERSTE AEaa ene [ar mg: 2% 066790 Eevee Harari raya) aaa Ta i fo S99 Ean eet ORM h 7 i oo ee ReRD SH PROS New Words N tu route 803 Sf ,323 #331 Be gOnggodng qiché bus 810 HAF 4,726 BATERE A gdnggdng public; common; communal ZS3E/8j it -15-. 784 BER aw 8 BC) 9. 3b 10. RE fe & 1. eGR 12, HAs 13, ABAS 4. WT -16- N qiché ché v jinggud Vv hdoxiang v xiang Pr = zdnmen N shdupidoyuan N pido Pr dajia N ii(bian) N zhan N chéngkée Vv chéng Ni Ke) N ditié vo — fangxin A zGogao PN Qidnmén automobile; motor vehicle; car vehicle to pass; to go through; to go by & SEER ERUERN eN RIAL PRAT Met a to seem; to be like #F(QEHIT1, 4F VEEN HERI SADR *) to seem; to look as if; to appear we, us HEATAG—F , met] ite de ticket seller; conductor ticket 7°38, MARIE, ASENCEM th ee all; everybody AGG, HAAR, BARS AD in; insides within station; stop FRY, F ii EM, BAPE passenger PAHS A EAT & BDERHORE to vide FRE JRE FRAT CE visitor; guest underground railway; subway SHA, I A « HB to set one’s mind at rest; to be at ease; to feel relieved Ct) BLLs 1B AND in a wretched states in a mess; too bad ACHE, FLARE Qianmen (a place in Beijing)HDFEAE Ta] Seventy Wors 1 BQ M gongjin kilogram (kg.) 2. PB N youpidio. stamp 3. BUR N jinian commemorate 4. RUB Adv ranhou then 5. HEA NW zhiinbéi preparation/to prepare; to get ready 6. FRAA A congming clever; bright 1. MF N érzi son 8. at M feng (measure word for letter) 9. 453t N xinféng envelope 10. v tié to stick; to paste LHP N sunzi grandson, D AAPL. “These books are all new.” represents uncertain quantities, commonly used with “i”, “JS” and “Bb”, to modify nouns. For example: ~jEME45" (these books), “Zl movies). ENN" (those teachers), “HALL EE” (which It is also commonly used with “—". For example: 45" (some books), “2% \"(some people). BT. “AIL right.” “iT” here is used to express the wish to discontinue an action. For example: HT FRARLT. EMILE? “Where do you want to mail it -11-The preposition “f” and nouns that indicate place or direction together make t: the preposition-object phrase. “Prep @+ PW” represents the direction of the actior For example; RFRA, ALA, AMF, Compare: “Prep {f + PW” represents the place of the action. For example: ARLE, LEST @ Ais, 9 REA HERE HR, AB AEH “Sorry, your package is ly be picked up at customs, not at our post oltice,” Foreign packages sent to China are usually picked up at the local post office Sometimes it is necessary to go to the customs office for pick-up. © SHS T Ae RAP RAE “Don't forget to take your passport with you.” “SHAS T" here indicates reminding. © PRT MEEK. “The bus is heres let's get on first.” The meaning of “iff” is almost the same as “#&(1]”, and is commonly used in spoken Chinese. However, “fi{{]” includes the listener; “4 {f]” usually does not in- clude the listener. For example: A and B go to the library to borrow books; A says to the librarian; 4&4: , #4: SREB. (Sir, we want to borrow books.) Then, A says to B: MAffI{HJLAH7 (How many books ate we going to borrow?) © WARE. “Please move inside.” The pronoun “3” indicates everyone in a certain area or group. For example: KR HKERA, KEMAT. RBA RABI, “KR” is often used afier “41, #8401 MH 41" for emphatic purposes. For exam- ple; ARAMA RHA LB. MAK RABE R55 0? 8In China, most buses have a person selling tickets on board. Buses without ticket agents are becoming more numerous in some large cities. ® A LAAT “Passengers who just boarded should purchase tickets, please.” “HE 42:89" is a form of the “fj” phrase, which means “fill LE MHE”, “V+ #9” or “VP+fiy” can also form the “i” phrases. For example: RAFAH FRR, CRARM AEA: borrowed book, not purchased) FRAT, (BCT: tickets to Qianmen) D GRD MAK, WM, “You gave five dollars; three dollars is your change. Please hold onto your ticket.” ‘These are common phrases used by bus ticket sellers. In some Chinese cities, a ticket check is conducted at the time of getting off the bus; thus the ticket sellers say, “Please hold onto your ticket.” 1, Rae aL AF 49, 2 RWOAHLP LH MHAPARIM, 3. HRECRAM PBR, D4 ABT REAP REL i 5. Rmakslae. 6. 7. 8. HARBZR. |. FEHREHSHACHRGS ET , TR T 1. 9AiE TF PUSH Master the following phrases (1) -£% Sot ELAR LAL RLS MLE R-BRA RM bie AL pH ARAL A i] 2) 22k BALA AMLA BAF ABRR BAER -19-ERERA BPR VE GB) AMALE AMIGA GRE HNRARE ANEBRRAR (4) KR REAR AM FA RR HAZAM HARB HAREM HARARY HARKS HARLAR BARGHKR HARAmMLARA WMA RMRAIVC KMNARMERE BNAR-RLAB GS) Xie Aas ATH Raw 2H AH AEHH ARH AGM AMAR ALHH ZAK RAM ARH AM RH RFH RAH Rhy Rew RAR RRB (6) SLAF PLPM GHEK SHES AWRA PLB CHET BHD SORF SHOR BBA AKE FRA (7) teihte Peed, deALMh th FRA dep Cia Ree EKER PRB tedseitr RREGE HR RABK 2. AVE Patter drills oe ae [ 2B | oa % Rhee 1) thopté 4 8978 Th? Oe A FRMRK RAT —*%,-BA AH, hat a a (2) WS KOSET RA? WA eae xt AA WET. TO TRADE wp BM BHRAR xp exp Raa 4 a -80-3) BHAT? RHA RSH ACHR, 4) thie & TMT RA? ARIE To £) teiRdett A He? RMA HHH. 5) MATAR Hh 04°? MS A 4a] fh? MARK g MRR Ay LEH, 7) RRR KAR? BRERARE HY, REHRE ZMH, ae mH 5 ae Ha ie XY R-RRK * APM pei to = & BER REM He KR MER £ Bpe Ri Bo eM RA A —e | ¥ R KRSM AEH ¥ RR BRA e MRE | FR MeO ER |# # Brox (al) BF K FL CR) 4% 248 RM (8) Om REF A>) eh a DRE CK) WER RB (A) # Ae Ae Pt (GE) AA Hoth anit | OE) ER BE a (A) Ok OR pia ~81-(8) EMILE BR? WEBRFEAR, . eee phat ae Hite Hb OR PRG HA aa ee a 3. AAIFBh Classroom activity Complete the following question-and-answer exercises (A asks the first question, B answers it; B asks the second question, C answers it; ..) (1) BARKER BG? (2) BR MILE OR? 3) FREER FAL? MH re His ey? (4) BAM LEA RED RAA MUR ER? (S) WALA RED RAR ABE? (6) H#RAAAAWN? (1) BRART MURS? (8) BRAKHZARM LG? (9) BAN AH SALE HD (10) SRA RERH LEAH Ob TS? (11) BRARHAZET? 4. S189 Conversation exercises (4E1IK J) At the post office} (1) A: AL, REFEPOR. B: RA—Fo A; ape, Bi FY HO, BREMILF? Ar________ B A B : o MH SPAR? MH BR-ABAA (GOngjin), af ~82-2 WEA RILR GES? £-EM, Nh, BAF, RAR-TOARS + hte @ Rh to $ 2618. REA-ABHP RM, HHS EKMES, 2 ERILB? Mt, RAM OR SH. RLF MF (yOupido): +KALW , +RALH, -# 143k, + REKK KA (jinian) es, + MBH AIL? 1: RRERDAH, : ELE? BE, 2) 3) ol HAZE) Describing things] 1) A: RMAF AML? B: sa? As MRR HAY, HAG KF Ra AH B: HOAFAH 4 MEH? A: Br RILA Ah HY Raye RAR? Ar Xt, 22 RRA, 7NAEWEGE Uncertainty ] C1) As UR dodil MBAS Hee RGB? Br Ree, ARAL ARE EA A -83-Al #224, (2) As “HR. REE A 2 B: &B*A”, Mi (ronhou)--, BAA? RRA" Ar BARAK", [428% Reminding] (1) A: Aa, FPRAR, A —-RE B B: ° REFS MET RRP PA, (2) Ar RMAAM A ——__ : RER-POR, RMAMKD FRA, : ST ° Ope Pp o> [ARASSEM CE Taking the bus] (1) A: BRAAFAKT PANEL. B: Ho HBR, RAE FAKE, F ° SER: kK 0 BRA PE WEAK B: iit. SER: FS, EM, FRO RSH HH (zhlinbei) 4, ZAHA T FEO RES ACHRE. Q) RF: HALE AARAA LRA? BER: EMAL, RB: MARAT. 20:8, MIMAWN FS, REOBARAES EHH RB: Me, NHS HARM — FILS? HER: RAM, BHS3.5. MPVs Describe the following pictures Us ray *S Se A: EP GMRA AR AAR Bz ABARAT ASR MR SR. Mn, ROR EE, EAR: fteteay RK FR HF, LAR: teeta RR FR: FADS LAR: fi BR ge A, LAE KR BR # 42:4, LHAR: HT BOE HEAT 6. 3€% 4599 Communication practice 1) You go to the post office to mail a parcel to a friend back home. ‘There are many things in the parcel and you show them to the clerk one by one. Initially you want to send it by air, since that is faster, but you change your mind after you find out that the postage is very costly because you have so many things to mail 2) Describe one incident where you had to go to the post office to pick up a package or to withdraw money. 3) You get on a bus and while buying a ticket, find out that you are on the wrong bus. The ticket seller tells you how to change buses to reach your destination. -85HAHA (COngming) He AULF (Erzi) L. OF ta ESE T Mat (feng)4s , 3448 05 1 4} (xinfeng) 2 Kah , 4} 45 04 1S 4p RH WHILE AMA, T-ALL ILF ORT. SEM. sess TRF HN FT. CE, SMEG (te). ORF MELD, MET BARRE SARGERAS TALRBE, "SEM JOA “AR Fe ap CAME T MET RRR E, RAICLAWERT. ” 2. RAE EERR-EERAL UES ARD OH HERFE RK WO BAL BLK ALF RAM HCALET . LT ARLM Hk ABT BBL FA AAR HO bb (SUnzi) BIE ER ILI, RARE, ST RL HED RA A RR TTD UT BD KK EE BARFEMERS WARFE! ” 3. CECA ER NFR AD AA RI, TRE ROG TART TT. QR AR, FLAG AER AR ERD AAR ARIE, HP A REARS? He he Re HRA EM REECWRRERAATE ARK GRAS eee1. $§524M# The resultative complement The resultative complement explains the result of the ac It usually consists of a verb or an adjective. Ve V/A oF ié to listen and understand gs oS to write down @ H to wrap (the parcel) well $ Pa to hold onto % 4 to remember incorrectly Bs a to take the wrong (bus ) Resultative complements are closely bound to verbs. There cannot be other words in hetween, The particle ” or any objects must be placed behind the resultative ‘complement. ; Predicate Subject a V__|WA(complement) | Pt “7” KR mE | GRA & | # log THRE | OF af | an Le a If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, the action is usually complete. Thus, “8E( 47)” is commonly used in the negation,while “TF BE4¢" is used for the W/A-not-V/A question. For example; WET — RAE. BRAGHORT RA? HERA LAF The adjective “i” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; ~87-PMN REF RGE HARA, LAL, 2. “qe” 4j(2) The “#4” sentence (2) There are two types of “fi” sentence in this lesson, A. “4Q” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”. such as (” , SB", This type of “J” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a ete, certain person. S+"f8"+ Og (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject | came On v oO FS (something) (to give) (somebody) te fe PE % a a | PR | Re & (RA) te OR te Ho fe ae | x # ae x | x | ® # to B. “Jf” sentence with simple directional complement The basie form of the “i” sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “#7 + O + V+ H/H + (7) Subject — dv v H/E Pt cy Meh aPe P| Re & BR vi eR BRA te MAH € | ee a weeRee & | RT. & “ Ahm le Lk ie 3. “JB” $qJ(2) The “G2” sentence (2) We have already leamed the “Jé” sentence; for example “HLA”. Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. The function of the “ff” phrase is e— quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “JR” sentence. = 88-S+ 4B + NVA/PH/Vp + HY ] Predicate Subject — a | Adv | “a” “#9” phrase akeRaep | x ti RAKIR | x | att, koh x Pht. ERY RK x #RH, RL z BRA. Pte a) Ry 1. LFA (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ((BU(f): This method uses the shape and sound of a readily available character to represent another word that has the same sound. For ex- ample, the original meaning of “J” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word to represent “a unit of weight”, which has the same sound. “42” was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun, “3K” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come’ because the sounds were the same in ancient times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “2b” (sofa), “HER” (coke), ete, 2, ABBAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ey ee sl the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes » Ib 7 7 ae fu not : 5 strokes »R ("Cees eegeg F xiang elephant 11 strokes ooma 7223 yu a pencil 6 strokes, ok TTT PR PER chéng to ride 10 strokes dh OR Sr BER shi to lose 5 strokes 3. USEPA Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) ji (a) wmworyt su 5 strokes (2) &@¥ baogué ar vz+e. 5 strokes Bot + Birk 14 strokes (3) 2 xié wee—s>epe ea 8 strokes (4) 8% cidian (223%) gh we rn 8 strokes (5) 18 ji (7%) Ww | +8 5 strokes -90-6) 4 wang fE> RE 7) 4i hangkéng ti > fH ee 4 BOR 8) i3& NdiyUn (sie) wrmAeL (9) Wha youfei (48 # ) wo b+ RQ 10) R Qu DU 11) if de tongzhidan (8 40 #) Bev 4 yee 12) 4 AR hUzhdo (AR) Fot+P 13) BA keqi (SH) Bony Re 14) st 6171 Jiangué Mén (s€ 8) Fi) Seo Beh 15) 3 Iu Bor e+ Riv 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes. 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) &# qiché GAB) wom] +e 7 strokes (17) 444% h@oxiang Grr he 13 strokes (18) "4411 Zanmen (+4 41) ™@—>w+ yy 9 strokes (19) @ % H shoupidoyuan (4 # Hi) Oe ge Se et ls 11 strokes (20) #(4#) Mbian) woAth 5 strokes (21) 4A zhon 3734+ bh 10 strokes (22) 34K dite (284%) we 3 + 6 etrokoo —,hL 10 strokes (23) a&s tangxin Bir w+ & 8 strokes (24) #84% zZG0gao A> F 4+ — + + A i atvokes (25) WIT Qidnmén (a FF) ee ee ee oe -92-Balai Transportation in China ‘The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad. network comprised 37566. km. ‘The network has expanded to et. (The Qinghai~Tibet railway is now under construction.) 80% of all the cit th every province, every region, and cities, except in the country have access to railways In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have ex- panded 1o all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xing, %) and 80% of villages. Modern highway construction first started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modem highway is 19 thou- second in the world. sand kilometres, ranking the There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a sevenfold increase from 1978. -93~Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our fiend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting, In thie leceon, you will learn a now vay to. make comparisons between things. © SBAAIR Lesson 19 FH] 7 | BY ANE coe VENI) vee? TA: ARPT RRR TIES cv ove v vp eve NN eee A HO: RPT HRA TH. SRR-RLRM ALF. THR: KABK PAS! t Express! 1 a duration of time vetv 4arniy a om: 2a, REFEREE HG HE,THR: TAR: TA: : RME-M PHS AGRGWH-RRH, RAR? Veven vvv -4N 4veve ve vey RIA —FF WAR EK P DG MARTY I HAR Oe SPAS, ith APHGSTSYFT? WH 22GT+—#T! MARU L EERE", vv v a RRS! RESRIGE Hk PAG, TEAS REG, RECMAIRS RHF, WEKG PARA, DE REELS PSEA, tease) ‘Talking about hobbies eM E Neve ee vee 2 WS RAMRAG PASH DEER. V¥VN eer uy Feat vee a AEG HY DERTRT. AUR EGR" WH -95-ves BRK Svvaene HR OM: RRA GHRRB? en AE ig] Sev Words L Pas BIL 2. 4 a & N vo v vvvvv Nv vay TA: RT ARM KR TARR GAH 3K RO zhongguéhua hudr youhua you ylang méishtiguén kaimén hua lao. huajia jia bu gdndang aihdo: chang traditional Chinese painting #*} [iii , BP SEP LB PP painting oil painting 2S SH BL , Th, SETH Ah oil the same; alike —H UR, PEE, —fF Db RR, RAE art gallery SORIA BIER to open the door; to begin a day's business EFT) WB ILAC TEI, REI EWA to: poait JL, 7S, Tc old; experienced — -% A, BN 275, BBE painters artist WH, APSA0MA, 77 Btw specialist HR7THR , KR, BRA I really don't deserve this hobby/to like WRB WAR SF BAS LL to singN Jingju Beijing opera FATEH 13. BARR A — mamahoha so-so; careless HET) ERE TAR: BIDE BRET SER SES ABE A méahu careless uM fa (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) AGL JL, — a A PN XU Béihéng (name of a well-known Chinese painter) en Se rays "ANCA TPE DAH GILT Rea, SSS. S88 507 SERRA HERE = oN eR NN g spre, Dik, HERP DBS RD oN NN Tak: SR-aeeu. Sa £ (ite) SS foe OE cesertices 3 A OM, MARA, ~ ~ TAR: RRAAKK, ALLY BG hib BH. OM, aL RH? PoeTAR: THR: TH: Pons XS, A HAH? | vvN eo oven aa a VARMA T ARB Ere SP BS Foi AMA —#, voues : BAR? - NN ENR FERN BN N NN PAG AAK WHET AR; PAGES AL OKG, iG nN REM HH, So4ve a] sree wR FAVA VAN Fe naeree, PREREAS A. hei D Lev Nv eve IL:GBERGT—-LR AA BANN VNvioo4 «vee Lvov sen : TRAMEASANM ARG, LAMAR FE vues - oN vee BA AMRIT, AL ‘bob PARE He RGR ATHR: I aT. KURO SHA, CMHREL OTE! cN VN vey % MR: RG, TRARLAAK, HNN Nees TAR: PABRAAR Ib BIRA-AP 2 OM: HRI, TRAE AAM EGR SH BEAM. Ea] New Wore 1 we N diantt elevator ASH BE, Sob A LARA, 2. FFA VO kGi wGnxiGo to crack a joke; to make fun of BIITEG K FRR 3% A mei beautiful 78.36 A9 +} Eel i, ARSE ae ik At BAR x 4. BE N cdiliao material FAAAYEDRS IB JL HDR CARA wet 5. N zhi Paper FLAG, LHe, —3eo 6. AP N bu cloth Ai 42 AACR FA CA 12% A zhitydo main EEF, ER wT ERM, 3 BEA LE ae mo Chinese ink FS, FBS 9. Tha youcdi greasepaint FA i 10, 31) 44 Pr biéde coer SAH) JL SH i A RS AT YB UHR u Ea N kongbdi blank space #2354, 2 2 R Ady zhi only SF, PUBL, RGAE, SRB, FLMC FL AE, 13, M pi (measure word for horses) —Dt ~99-14, BUR Vv xiGngxidng to imagine AUR—F , Sek AR 15. 38, Vv pdo to run PUK, Sd RUA, Cet 16. E Pp ta it 17. N féng wind APL, BAM AB 18. $F NE xia] shrimp iiSF 1297 19. E4i7 Pr tamen they (refering to things, animals) 20. af Vv you tor swim TAA ER ET 4h lviih, Wes ae 2.8L PN Qi Boisht (name of a well-known Chinese painter) PRA Supplementary Words 1. v ai to ride; to sit on the back of 2. Ate N zixingché bike; bicycle 3. 3k A yuan far 4. 3H vo pdobi to run, jog 5. Bike N shite handwriting; calligraphy 6. ha A yeyu spare time; amateur 748 N jiémt. program 8. YAaT N yigian before; formerly; previously 9. A shou thin, 10. UIE. vo jidntéi to reduce; to be on diet nn. # v guan to discipline 12 BY vo shéngqi to get angry; to take offense 13, AR N gangqin piano 4. BF N hdizi child; children 15. 4B N shadian bookstore; bookshop 16. v jidoyu to teach; to educate 17. N guandian opinionD HAIDER T Se AMEGES “We came too early. The art galler The structure “i8 (#7 )+ V + not happened yet, but it will happen, Compare the following: WORT RA? 4h Ap! . (He didn’t go home.) 4wiB KARE, (He hasn't gone home yet.) is mot open yet.” indicates that a certain event or situation has 2D AY. “T don't deserve this.” This phrase is used commonly as a reply to someone's compliment. For example; TRS HH EAR AMET CT ER REE, statement, calling Libo an “experienced painter,” has the hint of a joke RH Lin Na’s to it. Libo's answer is also meant to be a joke. BD PMT LR mEAE AY SDE “I can give you the horse that I drew. the word “Kf” can also convey the mean- SA BOER DSTA BIE, th When used as a resultative camplem: ing of completion. For example; iii tf JL, fee AEA BRT. AAS LB LPR? “Should we take the elevator upstairs now?” ++ JRARSE? ” im Lesson 10. in be placed not only at the end of a sentence, but also at We have already leamed the interrogative sentence The structure “2: sé the beginning or in the middle of a sente ‘The meanings these different arrange- ments convey are basically the same, For example; WHAFRCBRT? C= hOB RT JRA? ) RRAKMRE EBT? PBA WET BATE? ) ‘The affirmative answer to this kind of sentence can be “iif”, The negative an- the question asks. For example, the negative answers of the above example sentences can respectively be: ik TK, KA, MRA swer, however, needs to negate the part about whi -101-O RoR TRMME “Let me tell you.” ‘The structure “3+V/VP" is commonly used in spoken Chinese. Here, the word “se” does not express concrete action, but rather the meani thing”. The structure with “3” has the same meaning as that without “3". For ex ig of, “will do some- ample BARRE. ( BARR l © ili. “They swim back and forth.” . RABARAFNB. - LAA) RA RA HERE? | PARLE ALPKG, PIR i — HAH . PGR GHA, . REEMA -HEK PHS, RPG TS YET? . ANIOBA ST —PE ba A BILT . 1, AEF PKI Master the following phrases (1) SAR AN FEAF Sih Bo HF IRIAN ARH FRR Tapp RP RAAF SRAR AS EBA S FRAT HERR RRS TA (2) BRI -PEFT RT +O y BERET -#T REPSITHFT RBKRTITET RLATAFPeT TKS BRD AT TPR BT AD bapa HET — al BP KI -BULS (3) RRE-HE RAW AAG ARS RATA RAAB HM -102-4) Ane He BREAKER ARIA A Et aE MEG AB IRR maa 5) ERAR AAHTNR KATSHR BEAD GRR BAHL ARALIN wRARE ERAER BRAT +. AJB Pattern drills 1) AT RR ABA) — HY ee | He 10.05 i a AAR MBA R—H, | Sue Ra BLM ez | — | aa RA dean MRL Cay) oS Eo : SHSM AG? ap IEA BOI AMER AK. tea e ABA PPC MME BL, | ARN AN a4 eee ERRRR H ST 3) MATE Bae? a cae | RGKFE PHS, 8 A | ARM -ABRE PAS, Zi RR |# ee | (4) MRR es T & Kap ig? a — won 4 ME RARAUET Eat, ® 45 4 DRAM TF Kab IT 2 & _ | FRAGT T at Tg |B 2 hewt | -103-(5) Mist tk DT RAT? ERAGE, MOBKT $ Ket i] kT? REBT 50 DHA. (6) *k(4E) W4ET & Katia 7? a Ar e " ae a aa T AT. ~~ SOR Ata THAR YD RAALHARRRT? a ge $K ZHAR SF & RRM Bebe RMF (1) WAHAB BR? me = =~ a a 4 HOTA BB BIRR, a ; 5 Es ae 28 cc Lit Rb BR AR Re (8) KAR EAMR? RAB a | ASEE) sag saa aR az EDRRE 54 (qi) 8 49 #(zixingché) 3. URILIES Classroom activity (1) Divide the class into two groups (A and B). Group A chooses two items or things to ask group B about, “x & y FEA?” Group B replies quickly and then chooses two other items or things to ask Group A about. ~104-2) Ask your partner to identify the similarities and differences between the two groups of words (key words: J¢i% left side, side, 48 meaning, 3 duyin pronunciation). Ai Bee CoRR Die ERR 3) Take turns making up questions and answers with the following patterns: Qs HT $ Kab i ABET Eat, Q: HHT SKA (HH) RF? AL RST Abad (HH) RF, characters in cach of the follow AM 4. S47) Conversation exercises RiSTPSENT TA] Expressing the duration of time] 1) A: WRG OLAR IAAL OR AH, B: KRY BS Hie (yun), KET LO PRT? REE PAE LH 8A — #09 at i, (2) Ar MCR)BRT SET? BRATTHT. PAT, Ae ROT + 841989 (pdobu) ss T $ Kati 77 (3) : BWRWT? 1 HBL, SPer ee ee ee oD [REEF Talking about hobbies) C1) A: that tt & Ra? B: Rak PM Hx (shold) A: 7 B, RFT MET. ~105-(2) Ay > Rb + RPE ZA? 1 BBR. sk de (yeyG) BF il) He BAEZ? REP ACA, 2 UB 4 8 (jiému)? 1 REKRA RAE, [SRB Exchanging greetings (1) A: Si BARR ARI VG (yigidn)— 4. 1 MBE REST. threrd WR (shOu)— KIL, + AAT, Rate GiGntéi) F , BRPASKMAT? 2 RATT. 1 SBRRE AH? : RL AURA RAR OH. 2 URGE APRIL RAE AA? 2 ILM RAR AAT ABIL RAE, EAT AB ILA ‘aying good-bye] 2, RRALT : SPL, ALS, REF APL RAGE, 2 ILC, : RAT , dit. : MBA, AR ILHRE TRH,5. MBAViiE Describe the following pictures aN eB ak, Heat T+ 6. 36545) Communication practice (1) Talk about your hobbies with your friends to find out if you have any common interests, (2) Talk about your study or work experiences with your friends, (3) Discuss a picture or a movie with your friends and talk about your different opinions. RS Ela eo eee 8 (quan) BFBER EEL RENAE NG Y HBA A FRA TREK fo A(ShEnggi). RAW FE HB IL, LM KA AAR TR KAFAZMEL TRF T GNA WLGSHLAED WAMET KR 4 ib be 3 48 BE (QGngqin) jeMELERT. MAMET APA, eat ea ERE GIL-HRER. MINK MMAEAA? RARBG BF (hdizi)A SRA HY IL AFD -107-RAS) HG (ShUdion) &, WR-ALA KF (jidoy) FH 4H. EE RSA T ZAH: ARCHERS) ARC RT RERE), BR-AKA(ERARERT). MCLAPRERT WHAT TRE 4609 9L.A ( Quandicin ) —AR—A RH, REE, REALE RF, KAMMARERF RH PRAM ERP ARH, REBRF LEH, KAGE AAR, TR FTF ASRKA; RARLRF FAIL, TREF ERS EA, TH SPE RF FRAT AKA CHK FH, PORT RL ML RB Fo RMADRFA EEA EF TRAIL ERT ERRERF AR-PRAMH! TUTE 1. “Ba++ (8) AE” FERAL Using “FR:--(78)—##” to make comparisons The comparative structure “fii---—FE” indicates that two things are the same, or similar. If they are different, the structure “PR. 7S—fE" is used. In a WA-not-WA question, the structure “—REA\—#E” is used. BRO + NP + (A) + —# + A/VO 4 Predicate Subject =| —_—— —_—— — —— el | | NP He | ary vo BoA | mRCR) Lie | OR ies | Pas aR | ae arp | oR | MACE) _ SPR R ARE (AR) Ro AoE a | ae | —# | ak pas. If the central words of the two sides being compared are the same, the second central word may be omitted. -108-444hi% (2) The time-measure complement (2) In a sentence with a time-measure complement, if the particle “J” is both after he verb and at the end of the sentence, Compare the following: (RIEBGT UT, (1 have been drawing for 11 years.) (The practice of drawing is still continuing.) (A)CBGT I, (I have drawn for 11 years.) (This does not indicate whether or not the practice of drawing is it means that the action is still continuing, continuing at present.) If the verb in a sentence with a time-measure complement takes an object, the ime-measure complement can also be placed between the verb and the object. The cle “A” can be inserted between the time-measure complement and the object. V + Time-measure complement + (f)) + 0 % Ska (6) PRP va Favah (#5) HR. ca of () Ra? #7 () RB. aT (§) BL 77 aT (4) Gh 7. Note: If the object is a personal pronoun, it cannot be placed after the time-measure complement. We cannot say; @ “RAT —ANnt att.” 3. Baht] (2): RMRIAARK Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner In the sentences with serial verb phrases in this lesson, the first verb usually ex- presses the means or manner that the action of the second verb performs. ple; For exam- UIA eH EBS WERESEREDR, SEMNLRE TAS, ARS LG p38 HS -109-1. FHF (S) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) The pictophonetic method (J%##{&): The majority of Chinese characters are “pictophonetie”. Most consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. The pictophonetic characters fall into several categories: (1) In its by ponent indicating the sound on the right side and the component indicating the mean- ing on the left side. For example: fi, #543, °C. 440,08, 922 {11,58 ai, HEAD AYN AAA, FE de EEN IRAE ARIE aT, form, a pictophoneti character is constructed by placing the com- 2. ULB#HAMF Lear and write basic Chinese characters MRK 7 FFRK yao young 4 strokes @) 3+ 7 Sop dou (an object shaped like a cup or dipper) 4 strokes ob “TrRE G iy shi stone 5 strokes 4) KR eal shi a clan 4 strokes 3. WSUEX PMs Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) i & youhud (ae) wo + 8 strokes Ho +H +L 8 strokes -110-H (ganzipang) 7 * ff FF 2) FI bu gandang (Fs HF) Ro H+ ) * chang ep + (huzitou) ' 4) BBRR mamahi Bi + ho 5) f fa mop + X H+#4 Tp ee HO (ER) Jt a 6) Haba XU Beihong (#eak»s) te ee A et Ba + ae 7) eH diantl (E+) He FR + 8) PHAR kai wanxiar ag gon 9) HAF cdilido a > ; INS +h 6 10 RK +7 A 7 strokes 11 strokes LI strokes 6 strokes 8 strokes 12 strokes 10 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes: LL stokes 10 strokes 7 strokes. 10 strokes ole(10) #& zht (4%) Moe + (1) # bu tp F + (2) & mo Bo B+ = ay (13) #4 youcdi Ha (4) & pi eet (15) 3% péio Wot (16) "10 (48) Cam 4 (17) ABN CAL) Dee + (18) ¥F XIG (38) FF HL RK JL e 7 strokes 5 strokes 15 strokes 11 strokes 4 strokes 12 strokes 5 strokes 4 strokes 9 strokes+ B+ PF + F 12 strokes (20) #4% Qi Baishi (# a Z) Fo Rte 6 strokes Baia Notes Traditional Chinese Painting A waditional Chinese painting is created using a special Chinese writing brush and ink, according to traditional Chinese painting te Western oil painting. Because of the tools and materials employed, traditional Chinese painting could be called l-ink painting” (shuimohud, 7 Sil) or “color and-ink painting” (CSimOhuG, Aili), to distinguish it from oil painting, watercolor painting, and gouache. Depending on subject matter, much traditional CI ques. It is very different from water. painting can be classified into three categories: figure painting, landscape painting, rd painting. In addition, many traditional Chinese painting methods can be classified as either “fine, detailed brush work paintings” (gongbl, 48), or “free hand paintings” (xiéyi, 58). Traditional Cl and flower-and- Ging uftew Giuds spivitual sustenance from mountains, rivers, flowers, and birds, and it is through such images that painters express their feelings. Another essential aspect of much traditional Chinese painting is that it emphasizes “likeness in spirit” (shénsi, (0) and does not insist on “strict ikeness in appearance” (xingsl, JE (ML). The composition of a picture should rather “between. likeness and unlikeness.” Because the images and the composition of the traditional Chinese painting have to be subordinated to the requirement that the content should be expressed through the expression of the painter’s spirit and n, painters usually stress things that they want to represent and omit things SC ————————————_— Chinese painting developed the quality of being realistic, yet not depicting every aspect of reality. =HLin Na and Ding Libo are going to Song Hua's place for a treat—a hotpot dinner. In the evening, they will go to a concert of traditional Chi- nese music, This is the way in which they will celebrate the New Year in China. In this review lesson, we will summarize the grammar points cov- ered in the five previous lessons SB—+iR Lesson 20(49 Review) mn 3°4 aves vg Eda: PHUMBARHE RG ve = KA, LES, in Junien eatin, L Svev even OM, AIH H—VRA BR A, AHA HRS AAA KA? prety) > Ne NvovuV are ive i) BRAM UMA BE KAR? Asking for reasons EDA: FR. MKAMRCKM ZREAWEN, Akiba, “lleOm: EDR: EDR: a 2 ALTE OY AD AR AG aR A Ape so Fo? S00 R-®. Go Yogn soe : MIL RAR AHH. eee ee t REAA-HRSALMMT. TRI RAR RIL, SONGS «v7 RAEI IM ee a WEARS RERARMARS, ALARM PERIL VANES Novae yovvvooy POLO ET EDIE T . PAAR ALE. TNO NV weve ARR eR Vy 2 SRILA, SARE GNELIR TRS REX v BIL, ve wv ee ee Lee ee tio? SARL PARK, ERGTA RRR, Ve OER VAN Nev Lee LG 2 Aoi, PARSER ARR BRA PR, MR ALSER: RO: Ee: EDR: aR da -116- Fv ER FREER VAN Ve HHRRAA TATRA, TRRERRE wees RRR AR Ae 5 wee NN ve 4, CHL ARDERT © rh i eee Vee ee ROBE TEP MMAR SRERAE-L% AR ee RFE. “an EZERER? BMASBREARAL? SRBEEWE-RRS, HAAMARAAKST, & iB AL APE, 2 MELA LIU, BIVLEBTAM TIE ANA RS covvV Ne SaGSC Oo dG OC SBR Aen 08, PALMAR AREA? EAPM ML OLA, MAGA OHA HEIL, ELL, Babe hee,EE: TAR: TAR: : ROR! KAM? Ve vn 245, ME Stemi A. vious + Any He ABLE? © NAN ee EWE FA. a 2 KAPAREA RB GMT BIE? ee Nee 2 ee ee PRR MMZMAILM RK, \voove : AFF, sovNveves Ney fe PA te Fae &, eR -~ fv -wvey i, SAF! RA! Bi, Bs B0U So NC 1 RRMBKARABA, AAMRIREMA-REMMT. Nee NN ee 5 is SE ANG RE : (arr) ZS, New Year's greetings y) KAWRREREKREEAAT. “T=vary Ea: RRRBT -\vAN eee THK: REBER, Sas wMALBRT, vVve ee vv vos EbA: HeehM@em aT. KTS vaiikk. HR MRE RAE ZAK TAK: SFADHARMLGT-ED, MIA BH ja] New Words 1. ae N — xinnian new year SHEE AUBAR RLETAR 2. K48 N hudgud hotpot Wek $74 ZEEE A XK N hud fire; heat 44 N gud pot; pan 3. AE N fanguan restaurant 4% HG, ARNE 4 AA Con) -yInwel because 5. BRYA Conj sudyT 80 6 & Vv ai tolve ZO LH, 20,20, BARR RMR 7. He N shudinydngrdu — thin slices of mutton boiled in water PEW SEMEL E BS, EE A) 38) vy shuan to cook thin slices of meat in boiling water - N yang sheep a Ne rou meat 8. 2K A re hot RAGA AK OR20. He eK - Boat . FRE . Ate a4 |. EX . RR . OF ANT vo Conj vo v/N kaiché kai jiaoqa huozhé yinyuéhut huézhuang hua zhuang zhéngshi minyué xifang xT minzo yueqi qi yaénzou yan zou xiguan to drive a car PEA FEE BIE FASE TEE BE to drive; to operate FFYRE JRA YE PRB suburbs outskirts _LAPABDE EAR, EBERLE LAL or REL, SRR OK ALE RAPE , SAB TELLS concert OF RL SMES EWR to put on makeup -BfkAke, Aka, ARAVA Heli Teh to change makeup formal EXE ERR, ERS I, FARER— AIL folk music played with traditional instruments "BLUR RUBIA, RA, BRR westem; the West WA, HWE FR WU EAR WG LAE PTTL west nation; nationality "PAY FEE, 8S musical instrument — RBIRBE, POS utensil to give an instrumental performance BRT — Et ECE, RRR HR to perform; to play to play a musical instrument to be accustomed to/habit — 43h, 7 ATR, TR LIVE TERR PE ATH -119-2. Rw 22, Aes 23, 3b 25. te 26. RRABHL 21. Pia 28, 29. 31. AE 32, KE 33. L as. (Hit -120- Adv VO/A Zzaz yueqt qu chuztiché chaza lushang huar gudqu zhaoxiangi zhaoxiang T pdngbian chufa pian wénzhang gongxi hudché you zhdaoji musical composition — ARIK HH IT SR 5% AR tune; melody taxi; cab MH LAE AS ALE FHA WE EAL to hire; to rent on the road; on the way Ef) FBLA A, BEBE a) flower S7EJL, REIL AE JL, ZBL in or of the past SLAMSEE, at AGT AAA camera FF ROL, AA to take a picture; to photograph machine side FLAME FAA FD WBF ER TSR to set out; to start off BEM, Mak JLits Be Funk (a measure word for essays and articles) RUC BRE essays aticle §— GAH, RXR congratulations AEE, ae AGRE Wain AOR ATI FRAC SAR, KEM again ORME | ZAM, Wet, RTS to feel anxious/anxious WBE RES, KBE Chun Jiang Hud Yue Ye) (a famous, traditional Chinese music composition ) chin jiang yue ye spring ‘moon nightthe AE ig Supplementary Words he N xiGoxué primary school 2. #8 M liang (a measure word for vehicle) 3. FRA N yinyuéting concert hall 4. $78 A xingft happy 5. FEE IE wan shi rd yl May all your wishes come tne. 6& M tido (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, ete.) 1. ¥e N shé snake 8 Adv Zul the most 9. v tian to add 10. BP N jido foot W. % v wan to finish 12. BR A duoyd superfluous; uncalled for; surplus 13. N zu foot beg ne D BANA HUE RA LCRA HIE HB? “Is it because the weather has now become colder that people in Beijing are hav- ng hotpot more frequently?” ‘The paired conjunctions “Py BRL complex cause-effect sentence. The “PA ) comes first, and is followed by the “BRL also use only one of the two conjunetions in a sentence. For example: BARRAGE T MH ABRARER, (BAM EERE RS HARTER BIL RAAT HMMA S CHA) RA RR. are used to connect two clauses in a clause, which states the cause, usually clause, which states the effect. One may D AGHA REIGN, JEBE EAB EY, TAROT AR HI ly boiled mutton slices, and they eat ‘The people in Beijing just love hotpot, n t even when the weather is hot.” ‘The construction “+--fifitf{§e" is often used in the sentence as an adverbial of ti similar to “when” and “while” in English), indicating the period of time when an 121action or event takes place. “fiJtif ff" can be preceded by a verb, a verbal phrase, or a subject-predicate phrase. For example: LARA ALAR AIRGAS HE, ABH AGAR MST RM iE, FAME BBR, PRASMABUN ER, | LH BHAA, @ WHET FAW BUIL oka HM AIA, “(They) might also drive to the suburbs for fun, or they might go out to exercise.” ‘The conjunctions “He” and “if @J:” is used in the interrogative sentence, and “Zt Z%” is normally used in the declarative sentence. For example: AME RAER AAI? BRREM, RARER MILES can both be used to connect two alterna- ® REM PAULI! “Hey, Lin Na. You'd better hurry.” ‘The expression “4Qiji" is used to attract attention, to break in on a conversation, or to introduce a new topic for discussion. © CRITE RRR. ‘Oh, Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside is exemely beautiful.” “Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside” is a famous, ancient Chinese mu- sical composition which depicts the beautiful scenery by the riverside on a moonlit night in spring, when all the flowers are in full bloom. © Ri MAPLE? “Where is my camera?” In Lesson Seven, we learned how to form an elliptical interrogative sentence with “ae”, and we know that whi asked in this type of question is made clear by the context. However, “WZ” ean also he used to ask the location of a person or an ob- ject, without any dependence on the context, as shown in the question above. In this, case, “NP+IE?” is equivalent to “NP ¢£196JL?” For example: -122-D HERE! D HERE! “Best wishes (for a happy New Year)!” This literally means, “Congratulatir This is an idiomatic expression used frequently for congratulating people or: occasions; for example, “ASHU5! " or “AMAT HF! ” Here, the the same as “UR” in usage, except that “34” is more formal. In the Spring Fes- tival or on New Year's Day, we often say, “487483¢! ” to extend our New Year's greetings (the word “8” is not used this way). B UW KRT » “You are late again.” The adverbs (1) is used in a situation where the action or state has yet to recur, where (1) and “##"(1) both express the recurrence of an action or a state. “ as “"(1) is normally used in a situation where the action or state has already oc- curred again. For example: HLFRT MEF HRS (The action has yet to happen, so we cannot say @ “(ib FF. *) WEERTFRRRT (The action has already happened, so we cannot say @ “FEET D (EM RT AT. “You have hired a taxi, That's great.” “nuit; means “to hail or wo hire a taxi”. KEY SENTENCES LAURER RAAT HOF RR 0 : 2. ERABARERA, RAR RARER? 3. AR bob Oh aa 4 HEEL MK, b} 6 AL ABET o . AR 8 RR AAAI? -123-1, RAF Master the following phrases CL) EMAAR MIRA RRR OAR ATH TAR MAN ss LIRR AHR dp aap R ARGH APA RMR abaya HPO R ALR KHHR ROR GILG BER BREASMH IR KF RAL OTR PRATT ALAR FRAT MRR RAGA ATR AE BERD ATA BATE AA RAG WAR 2) RAP DRY RARE RATORR) RAT CARLA RD ARARERER RATAN DH RABAT RAASOER (3) FHEERBRIN (HEIR (PEAT APE ATP bas ATK (4) RRRT LEFT RET Gt T RFT -BARFZ RK T Hae 2. AJB Pattern drills (1) 3&4 BIKAR BA MIL? — — ARBLLABADA DA. m4 Ws ‘| LPLER TPR ell anh . ° aA RE bb £m an | HERG BESBMTwE | (2) Lan R ay AER Meat 2 7? nea SA eo Be SEF Fag UR, AIR SMERE EGIL APE MET EGR MERE DERE RR ee -124-(3) RAH AAR fede Kae? | RAE BF | FM LAR Pee KM, uae aaa BLHES eR RFR LR - [OO == (4) AURAL WET? [ae ate RM ARLFRLET Al ADR Ut Ze BRA? & AHEIL WRFFRR. | #a ARAN | (5 RAMS WEA? # ARLBIMT. S PERRO HEA AILA DIR. A HL az BH A (6) At ARA RR ORE? LR aT BAUR RL KA. ae BAA FIL (ARBARE MRR. ) eae eee RRS RAE HER SER AAR 3. URES Classroom activity This game is to be played by two groups of students. The students ask ten questions regarding the five previous lessons, using “4/4”, and the stu- dents in “Group B” answer these questions, using “[8I---/IL---". The scoring method is as follows: each time that Group B gives a correct answer, they will get one point; if they give an incorrect answer and Group A can then give the correct answer, Group “Group A” A will get the point, instead. When all ten questions have been asked, the two groups reverse roles, so that Group B asks a new set of ten questions. ‘The group with the higher score wins. 125-4. 249 Conversation exercises [[8]/§ Asking for reasons] CL) A: BIR OMAP AZAR LR? Br RATE IL GY DIR, PAE dE (xiGOxUd) aR AE EGR, Ay BILE TG ABER ILA I? Bro, FRAT RRA TUR RIAD, (2) Ar SRE A RAR te BURR? B: AARR(A)RT RRMA RAST, Cy RAR, RP RARRUR TARA (AEL2 Hurying somebody up] (1) A: KA, tay wie, B: #-F. Ar &RREMA! B: 2°? RAK, (2) Ar RAIL, KHRT 2 ANBAR LR ERD B Ar B, RALZR=FL,LHEDPHR HHA, A: al PAVE LF) RAE ABIL RY A: AME ILB A? B, we A: Ae, “307 RT tes! B: (To the bus driver) 64%, i#—F, (3) -126-(4) A: RRMA EAA? BPA BSR, RS— A (ing) kas ? RF RJT (yinyueting), m& RAE AIL? IR, H— SILA, eae eo ce “AEA New Year's greetings] (1) A: fae! Be (2) Ar BURBERRY B, MS R$ A (xingft)! (3) A: ABMS! B: AB a7 44 —4 % H4e ¥ (wan shi ru yi)! 5. SHEIVLIE Describe the following pictures (AL, AH) (Abas) -127-6. 285549 Communication practice (1) Tell your friend about what people eat and do to celebrate the New Year in your hometown, (2) You are waiting for your friend to get ready to go to the park. What would you say to hurry him/her up? (3) You are in a hurry to get to the concert hull; how do you tell this to the taxi driver? Pa HR NAMAL-RB BG WNARS TREAD RAM, Bik FORILTE ONLI? AEA GL AUNTAE AAR — fe (G0) 48 (SHE) , AF FR (ZUI) HACK BHI TA RAL ES” PAN APH BBE, TBA AREA TEAL OA BARR, aE EB GE AT, BART! AMMA TAA A Ul, BASE (tan) Fe (ji0) "2. BNL, aS: iB TKR” EH AR TARAS BRAT! HAP OAIR, REDE I Hey ARR TPR, MIG RRM. PMMA K RAB BORGO RA, REGARH RR RAS” REG HAM. BUN MOIR HEA AT A =e erinitta ie 1. RBA F HAMBA RS} The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence The bi cate, the objei functional components of a Chinese sentence are the subject, the predi- , the attributive, the adve We have already learned that a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase can alll fune~ ial, and the complement. tion as the subject. In addition, a verbal phrase, an adjectival phrase, or a subject- predicate phrase may also serve as the subject. The predicate is usually composed of -128-a verb, an adjective, a verbal phrase, or an adje | phrase. A subject-predicate phrase or a nominal phrase can also serve as the predicate. The subject usually pre- cedes the predicate. For example: REEMA HH. RET, BKA KR. Ath HR. BAAR IF? When the context is clear and unambiguous, the subject is often omitted. Some- times the predicate can also be omitted. For example: FRTS? —(A)ERT. Ra? AFAR). ‘The object is usually placed after the verh We have learned that the object is usu- ally composed of a noun, a pronoun, a nominal phrase, @ verbal phrase, or a subject- predicate phrase. For example: ATF. KRUG, RH IH A tte sk rt REARAAEKT. Some verbs may have two objects, For example: haa 9382 RBH A. The attributive is mainly used to modify a noun and must be placed before the element that it modifies. We have leamed that an adjective, an adjectival phrase, a noun, or a pronoun often functions as the attributive, In addition, a verb, a verbal phrase, -129-or a subject-predicate phrase can also serve as the attributive (refer to Lesson 14 in the Workbook for Volume 1). ‘The adverbial is used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, or a whole sen- ten The adverbials that we have already leamed are mainly composed of adverbs. In addition, time nouns, prepositional phrases, and adjectives can also be used as ad- verbials. For example: HALA TEAK AS ARH, HAR FARE! MMII — RRR 0 AINE ‘The complement is a sentence component placed after a verb or an adjective to give additional information about that verb or adjective. For examples TORR, (the complement of state) FRAC) RBG ERRA Anh Re (the directional complement) APR HATS? HLH BTA (the time-measure complement) (e(S)PABEBST UAT. RAPALA MEARE EBAY, (the REP DH RL, complement of quantity) RH REBT (the complement of degree) EH MMERS To AMET TREBT. (the resultative complement) 2. shi 4] (1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) The following is a summary of the kinds of sentences in which the verb is a major clement of the predica (1) Sentences wit jt” HALAG ER, ROAPL PR, (2) Sentences with “#j” anh -130-WRAKM AS (3) Sentences RAR AB, (4) Sentences with a single object (FE RMN SYA (5) Sentences with double objects RL —D, ASHI thout an object (6) Sentences with a verb or a verbal phrase as the object DAA LM, ARK RSU-ALRB, rntences with a subject-predicate phrase as the object RA PERREM, HE LEAR (8) Sentences with serial verb phrases WETHER, RARKR AGH ERE? (9) Pivotal sentences Heit Botta. 338K ik de§ a, 10) The “{" sentence RARE LET. ‘HALE do PI, HT MEAT 0 ae (7) s oierecacas 1, DF HTFIK(6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) The pictophonetic method (2): In this method, a character is formed by placing the smponent indicating the sound on the left side and the component indicating the caning on the right side. For example: a& , #1, #&, 4,8), 15 #8, a8, ip. -131-2. AGHAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ou J wH wan pill 3 strokes 2) \oAmnhe® qu melody 6 strokes 3. ABV HAMF Leam and wirte the Chinese characters appearing in the text (1) X48 hudgud (48) Hse e+ a+ 12 strokes (2) BA yinwéi (AA) Ar>r>O+k 6 strokes (3) #48 shudnydngrou Bl 7 + Po t+ P+ Yr strokes A>IT+A4A 6 strokes (4) dh re (AR) > 4+ tte 10 strokes (5) ABR jiGoqa (4B) 3B > H+ K 8 strokes KR>CD +x 4 strokes (6) 3.4 hudzhé 8 strokes (7) 464 hudzhuang (4u%k) 4t> f + 4 strokes wo q4T tk 6 strokes -132-8) Rak minzu Ber w trek 11 strokes 9) RB yueqi (RS) & > B+ Dt K+ Bt DB watrokes A (chino) ~ = 2ER 5 strokes 10) #@%& yanzou ROT FO tm tt A ib atokes ROAR 9 strokes HE quan + 9 HE 4 strokes (Note: pay attention to the difference between “at” and “#",) 11) 34 xiguan (FR) wo + + H+ qn 11 strokes 12) JL huar He a 7 strokes 13) ARARAL ZhdoxiGngil (FR 4Ate) wm e+ a 9 strokes 14) #2 pangbian (#i#) Bom ee 10 strokes Abin) | WAAR 5 strokes 15) % pian B ae P + 15 strokes -133-(16) %3 wénzhang Forte 11 strokes As (shixinaty J ah ads 4 strokes (17) 4&# gongxi RA + 10 strokes (18) #& zhdoji (4.2) oF +A 11 strokes Barr eae 9 strokes Riyaz) 77 IR 4 strokes (19) (i278 A AK){Chin Jiang Hua Yue Ye) RoA+ A 9 strokes mop te 6 strokes Bama te fend 8 strokes Bret Zilina i Holidays and Festivals in China Eelam es Besides National Day (Uetober Ist) and International Labour Day (May Ist), which are the two major official holidays celebrated all over the country, there are many oth- er traditional holidays and festivals in China. The Spring Festival (Chinese New Year's Day) falls on the first day of the first month on the Chinese lunar calendar (usually in January or February of the solar cal- endar), and the day before it is Chinese New Year’s Eve. The Han people and other ethnic minorities in China all celebrate the Spring Festival, with such activities as set- ting off firecrackers (now prohibited in some cities), pasting chunlian (couplets match- ing each other in sound and meaning, written on red paper) on the door, extending New Year's greetings to each other, and performing the yangge (literally, “tice seedling -134-song”) dance and the lion dance. The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Yuauxiav Festival. also known as the Lantern Festival or Shang Yuan Festival. The special food for this festive day led yuanxiao, a ball-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice flour with sweet sesame or meat stuffing. Qing Ming (Clear and Bright) Festival is on the fourth or fifth day of April. This is the time of year when people go out to the tombs and memorials to pay tribute to the dearly departed and national heroes. Duan Wu or the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month (June of the solar calendar). This is a festival dedicated to the memory of Qu Yuan, the great poet-statesman from the state of Chu during the Warring States Period (475-221 RC). Legend has it that after Qu Yuan drows against the corrupt government of Chu’s king, people feared that Qu Yuan’s body might be eaten by the fish in the river. So they wrapped up glutinous rice with bamboo leaves, and taking these dumplings, they raced each other in their boats to the place where Qu Yuan had died. ‘They threw the dumplings into the river to feed the fish, 20 as to keep Qu Yuan's body from harm. Later, the act of wrapping glutinous rice in d himself in protest bamboo leaves evolved into the tradition of preparing a special food called zongzi for this festival. The boat race to save Qu Yuan's body was the origin of the dragon boat race, which is held on this day, every year. ‘The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar Day. This is a time when the whole family enjoys getting together to look at the full moon, and to eat delicious moon cakes. month (September of the solar calendar), is also known as Family Reuni -135-Sing a song YD BRAK EN _ wee sua He HE FC aa RAR 222 w RE eas y29 ER eee — ie ase iy *** RRR iwi ERE D RAR ; KE ae *E l= Cees KE RM tA -136-‘The reporter, Lu Yuping, carries out an interview to find out how the | Foreign Students’ Soccer Team won over the Chinese College Students’ Soccer Team. In this lesson, we will learn how to emphasize the time and | location of past events, and the manner in which they have occurred, and | also how to talk about directions and locations. B=+—I® Lesson 21 FETA BA EAST] ROK HY ee BOF: KHEZAMMNG Ce a ee, FERRI BR VN vv RHR, RBH oe NN OR LN BX AF BPA RRA EL, vv vey es TH: KIT MRE sii 4? VNevo see BOF: RAT FH WO MET RRIF, RSRRAM VN Nv ven AAT LIES, HAT GAR IRIN RAY? -137-TH: BOF: EDR: OF: TH: EPR: mF: TA: BF: -138- VoN Ne ee ves PARR P BAA Ae Ray, YY AAR AMR 2 es location of past events RABAT PRIORY, SP AAR BRAY RB ott ew a Vie BOAT AE HRN S To Noe Se RNR Le RR, AFA DAMA RAD RD a HERA ZARA RIA F R09? ANNAN rey SANA ov Nees 1 MREFAR RAE RH, RUERART WG APA vere vs HAKER AAR? Nees ey vos vv REA 10 SMA, Aida SH Aid ey 12 $9 avs BEAR UAVS PE?Nano. 7D voNstN se TAK: ANH RIGA RAS, BUNA FAA ranean a (ik Talk Bs MANNE 2 a8? ech itenin i Se NN Ne TAR: LAM 0 60, FRG RUE T AR, B10 Bas AE ig] New Wonts LAR N duiyuan team member FTAA AA NBA PRIA READ, BOAT BK APA KA N dul team —— PTBR FRATBA, PRBLBA, REE DA FEE BA 2 RR A buténg different ANA) A, IA R92#4E , ARF ARE RAY ARTY Be 3. BE N gudjia country HEA, AIR RATER, AR OS SE 4 Bi v ying wo win TK AL BAAN, T BA 5. M chang match; set; (a measure word for sports, films, performances) 398% , £94, ee 6 RHR N zuqid soccer LER, EERIE, EER, AR R N zu foot RR N gia ball FTSR, PBR ET PR 7. VOR N/V bisdi match/to compete; to have a match RE, — HRT RT SU SE HOSE ALER BEDE BA CE & NV sdi race; match/to compete; to race RARE AT RR 8 Ae N tongxué classmate; schoolmate {f(A , FE, Ae Ae AE AE -139-9. N jizhé reporter —4/(UIEH HAE, SP ew 10. AFA N daxuéshéng university student; college student KEE, AIRE HP OE A a. RAR N xuéxidio school RAT EHE ik-MERE AE AE RERDAE 12. KF N shulping level KARA DAR ACE, PHBE FAP SAR 13. BAR N jidolian coach AREER, LRRD HOUR, AB ao 14. Ef N qunian last year RAE =A ER BE FG EU 15, WE N yihou after; afterwards ET WG 3 T DUR, FEW 16. RH v tigdo to improve; to increase #2578784, REAY RBBB R v ti to lift 17. B v ti to kick BEER, BPR BABE i. A N zudbian the left side ZW AAR, 2EU . BAR BAW EB & N zu6 left 19, Arse N youbian the right side AWAY AR AWA BY RAN eR a N you right VERN vv AN Are vor. BOF: RELA ARMARKAMM ATTRA? BPH v ER JU? -140-BF: TAR: BOF: TH: 1 BERK? \ ae sexegy SN ery LAT ATAPRAU BERRA S PLY EB) 6 S78 oo BR, KAKEAGE. MANE AEH? BMERARA EHH, SRRED EWA, FRAGA VN Vv Nv eve ee NN eA BAG, BEN RZD AY RAAZRT . © Sov AB ILE ZAR? VV RAR Re vee ve ve eR ae BR. AFRIRZR-DDEE AWA-ADHE HES OSoS8 S S7d700 “7 ¢ SaS JU URGE. BURR OME, KAWFFEASBELE, LURARZ oes ora] Talking about direction and ecatign SS 0 OSG eey A: PERF KA 56 FAR Neve vo NN e eM Ne hi BIAS AVRDAMW AULT, -141-eeony OF: EMILE EbA: RFRBTLADPSAST RU, PEPUA-PAME, mF: vive VS Ve Ne VV NR VRE NN! RALAE MAT RS AM, URE -BLEPBDR AA HEF C? neq Svea FARR eH NaN BLATT. AE jg] Now Words 1. Rah N d6ngbian cast side ARAMA ARAL, PAB AL, fe TT AL aK N déng east IRIE 28 Prep fi away; off; from AEB, BBL, POBBIL, BN: 3. A yuan far RE, WE ABE, A ERR RIE 401K N hudyuGn xiGoqG garden district My 7E NK ETE WARK a N huayuan garden #650 A301, TEP 26 WAFER, AGS, PE TE Ez N qu district; section; area 3 BEDC, 48 aK -142-5. 2 £23k Wwe w . Fad . BG . bie Fa . a Hi REA BF . Aba = ee chézhan qidnbian qian gudi xidbian xia shidian shangbian shang pingfangmi pingfang mi wéishéngjian weishéng keting béibian béi woshi wo waibian yangtai bus stop front; ahead WAYS Ed WIA, PERE PU , PS AFH A front; ahead; forward Efi} dE totum 49), EAL EARS below; underneath (FW IRF, eR PL, PHASE, FA down; under bookstore = SbSCT IE above; over; upward Ef #eHilk, EAR JUS Ia ba AAS FE uppers up (bie square meter 56 EFI, DV. THA 100 FHK square meter 562K, 2/3 washroom; bathroom = — 4.4 [i], — fal 2A fal, els 24 Fa hygiene; health living room | fe), ima JT, WAKE north side {EW AUB, DARL, FPA PEE A north = AGB, fed EAB bedroom — MENS — THIEME, — fea to lie on one’s back outside FAUMSILEMEE SUSE baleony —/S HG, —- AS -143-FD FEAR AA] Supplementary Words 1 WB N didnyingyuan cinema 2. were ag N kaféiguan coffee bar 3. id. N nanbian south (side) 4, RR N zagiichang soccer field 5 we v chiichai to go on a business trip 6 Bik N houbian back: behind 7. v shi to lose BAS N tiantang heaven; paradise 9. Hee PN SG Hang Suzhou and Hangzhou PN Sazhou Suzhou PN Hangzhou Hangzhou N chéngshi city N shGnshut landscape N shan hill; mountain N yuanlin garden; park v xigjian to build; to construct N shirén poet v sheji to design N jidnahestt architect D RE Mi HOTTA “I heard it from your classmates.” Students in the same class or the same school call each other “fF fHALB IE” , “GRIEG”. Teachers or other people also call students “ [ij for example: 40”. 5 for exam-DEAE AE BAYA TE UP ATH? “Isn't the level of the Chinese College Students’ Team higher than yours?” In addition to softening the tone in sentences expressing persuasion. a request, or an order, the modal particle “i®" can also be used in interrogative sentences to de- note a tone of estimation or uncertainty. For cxample: RADA URELMZRT HH? FRATAFC? ERT RB HT WUE REE AE A ARLE “Ever since this coach arrived, the College Students’ Team has improved rapidly.” The word “Jf” refers to a time later than the present time or a specific mo- ‘ment. It functions in sentences as an adverbial modifier. Besides being used by itself, “Lh” (as well as “LAiij", which we will study in the next lesson) can also be used together with nouns, verb phrases, subject-predicate phrases, and so on, to form phras- es. For example: “Bi4ELI iG, HAEVIIG, JFELLE”. It not only can describe things in the past, but also things in the future. For example: RDRMOAG , RE OERER ERR, VA Ks BRIM — HR DEL IE SHO HCO. BSW BYFR ATE T ABR EL 1 O BAY. econd half, they “The score was 0 to 0 in the first half of the game. In the “helped” us score a goal. ‘Then it was 1 to 0, and we won.” ‘The word “}," here indicates the score of the two competing sides or teams. One may use “JLHJL? ” to ask about the score. D BPCERRU. “The house is to the east of the school.” Chinese people are accustomed to using “Jk, OY. Tif location, For example: “#664, BRIN, 4PEBEILIZ”. As well, “HT, JR, 2. &” can also be used to denote direction and location. For example: “JT Hii, fh ei, WEA”. ” to denote direction and -145-© BERKKE. “It’s not too far from the sehool.” ‘The preposition “J” often forms a prepositional phrase with a noun of place: “BU + PW", Placed before a verb or an adjective, BS ERS LR LEBRBTS $ DRTKAB, We have previously leamed that: “4¢+PW" denotes the place where an action icates distance. For example: happens; “Si+PW” denotes the starting point of an action: “¢E4PW” denotes the di- rection towards whicl an action moves. O FRU EME LDS B/E T “After getting off the bus, tum right first, and walk straight ahead for three min- utes, then you will arrive at building no. 8 ‘The adverb “FF"(2) may indicate that an action starts after another action finishes adverb “jj” is often inserted before the first verb to form the construction “Jé "), AMLRAG AMES, ALAR, RUEYRAT. (Th or after a certain situation or time. For example: KEY SENTENCES 1, AMMAR RRA ARR, 2. HRA RAIL He AE HG? 3. RE FARM RAF RA 4, RINREDRAAEH 5. FF RPRRKE, 6. FEABABEE, BEWASD AY aA SRT 7. AFR AR-P DER, ALA-AWE. REDE A RT AW PbS UA-AAMS, 9. BFRKC? -146-1. 3ABE TF FUSE Master the following phrases CQ) +ane FDRG ZRUAG -BMAG BAM RTE BIA Rive ET ae LIVE FRU LRU PRG BEAM KIRFOG BRIOGRUG RATKEAS (2) 8% SRR FHF BAT BH BLA BAF BT HARE REAR HAR RRRR KL BP RRA RS (3) ARP BR WKAR LATRLABE PTeBRS BET ITAAR HEM AME, AAR RPI (4) REPAR LaPP REMARLAG X10 +10 A BH wae REBRRH REMPREH RARVSH LARHRSH RESKASEH ANLSGH RARARRERMAH PARLIN (3) W2A-+AM AAA-DDA HAA-+HH LUAHAR LUBA HRMS ARGS WARE FARRAAHHET SAAR PAMAMGRM ROMRAESERAW (6) PARMARH EG WNAGKERA HE Amt AW EE DLO a Se, 2. AJR Patten deills CL) REBT RA? ———— — WORT, | be Leman £m HILT AMARA KG? | KR bE ER | PR F300 sit KB £49:00 2a | -147-