CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation

EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section1:Goal,CriticalPrinciples,andOverview

Goal:Englishlearnersread,analyze,interpret,andcreateavarietyofliteraryandinformationaltexttypes.Theydevelopanunderstandingofhowlanguageisa
complex,dynamic,andsocialresourceformakingmeaning,aswellashowcontentisorganizedindifferenttexttypesandacrossdisciplinesusingtextstructure,
languagefeatures,andvocabularydependingonpurposeandaudience.TheyareawarethatdifferentlanguagesandvariationsofEnglishexist,andtheyrecognize
theirhomelanguagesandculturesasresourcestovalueintheirownrightandalsotodrawuponinordertobuildproficiencyinEnglish.Englishlearnerscontribute
activelytoclassandgroupdiscussions,askingquestions,respondingappropriately,andprovidingusefulfeedback.Theydemonstrateknowledgeofcontentthrough
oralpresentations,writing,collaborativeconversations,andmultimedia.Theydevelopproficiencyinshiftinglanguageusebasedontask,purpose,audience,andtext
type.

CriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguageandCognitioninAcademicContexts:WhileadvancingalongthecontinuumofEnglishlanguagedevelopmentlevels,
Englishlearnersatalllevelsengageinintellectuallychallengingliteracy,disciplinary,anddisciplinaryliteracytasks.Theyuselanguageinmeaningfulandrelevant
waysappropriatetogradelevel,contentarea,topic,purpose,audience,andtexttypeinEnglishlanguagearts,mathematics,science,socialstudies,andthearts.
Specifically,theyuselanguagetogainandexchangeinformationandideasinthreecommunicativemodes(collaborative,interpretive,andproductive),andthey
applyknowledgeoflanguagetoacademictasksviathreecrossmodelanguageprocesses(structuringcohesivetexts,expandingandenrichingideas,andconnecting
andcondensingideas)usingvariouslinguisticresources.

PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays(page1of2) CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*
A. Collaborative

1.Exchanginginformationandideaswithothersthroughoralcollaborativediscussionsonarangeofsocialandacademictopic SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6

2.InteractingwithothersinwrittenEnglishinvariouscommunicativeforms(print,communicativetechnology,andmultimedia) W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2;
L.910.3,6
3.Offeringandjustifyingopinions,negotiatingwithandpersuadingothersincommunicativeexchanges W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6;
L.910.3,6
4.Adaptinglanguagechoicestovariouscontexts(basedontask,purpose,audience,andtexttype) W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,3,6
B. Interpretive

5.ListeningactivelytospokenEnglishinarangeofsocialandacademiccontexts SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6

6.Readingcloselyliteraryandinformationaltextsandviewingmultimediatodeterminehowmeaningisconveyedexplicitlyandimplicitly RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110;
throughlanguage RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2;
L.910.1,3,6
7.Evaluatinghowwellwritersandspeakersuselanguagetosupportideasandargumentswithdetailsorevidencedependingonmodality, RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.46,8;
texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56
8.Analyzinghowwritersandspeakersusevocabularyandotherlanguageresourcesforspecificpurposes(toexplain,persuade,entertain, RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45;
etc.)dependingonmodality,texttype,purpose,audience,topic,andcontentarea RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays(page2of2) CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*
C. Productive

9.Expressinginformationandideasinformaloralpresentationsonacademictopics SL.910.46;L.910.1,3

10.Writingliteraryandinformationaltextstopresent,describe,andexplainideasandinformation,usingappropriatetechnology W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410;L.9
10.16
11.Justifyingownargumentsandevaluatingothersargumentsinwriting W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89;L.9
10.13,6
12.Selectingandapplyingvariedandprecisevocabularyandotherlanguageresourcestoeffectivelyconveyideas W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.4,6;
L.910.1,3,56

PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks CorrespondingCommonCoreState
StandardsforEnglishLanguageArts*

A. StructuringCohesiveTexts

1.Understandingtextstructure RL.910.5;RI.910.5;RH.910.5;
RST.910.5;W.910.15,10;WHST.9
10.12,45,10;SL.910.4
2.Understandingcohesion RI.910.5;RH.910.5;RST.910.5;
W.910.15,10;WHST.910.12,45,10;
L.910.1,36
B. ExpandingandEnrichingIdeas

3.Usingverbsandverbphrases W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
4.Usingnounsandnounphrases W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
5.Modifyingtoadddetails W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6;
L.910.1,36
C. ConnectingandCondensingIdeas

6.Connectingideas W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36
7.Condensingideas W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills RF.K1.14;RF.25.34(asappropriate)
*TheCaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardscorrespondtoCaliforniasCommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguageArtsand,forgrades612,Literacyin
History/SocialStudies,Science,andTechnicalSubjects.EnglishlearnersshouldhavefullaccesstoandopportunitiestolearnELA,mathematics,science,history/socialstudies,andother
contentatthesametimetheyareprogressingtowardfullproficiencyinEnglish.

Note:Examplesprovidedinspecificstandardsareofferedonlyasillustrativepossibilitiesandshouldnotbemisinterpretedastheonlyobjectivesofinstructionorastheonlytypesof
languageEnglishlearnersmightorshouldbeabletounderstandorproduce.

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 CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands14CorrespondingCommon Emerging Expanding Bridging
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts: 1.Exchanginginformation/ideas 1.Exchanginginformation/ideas 1.Exchanginginformation/ideas
Engageinconversationalexchanges Contributetoclass,group,andpartner Contributetoclass,group,andpartner
1. SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6 andexpressideasonfamiliarcurrent discussions,sustainingconversations discussions,sustainingconversations
2. W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2; eventsandacademictopicsbyasking onavarietyofageandgrade onavarietyofageandgrade
L.910.3,6 andansweringyesnoquestionsand appropriateacademictopicsby appropriateacademictopicsby
3. W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6; whquestionsandrespondingusing followingturntakingrules,askingand followingturntakingrules,askingand
L.910.3,6 phrasesandshortsentences. answeringrelevant,ontopicquestions, answeringrelevant,ontopicquestions,
4. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6; affirmingothers,providingadditional, affirmingothers,andproviding
L.910.1,3,6 relevantinformation,andparaphrasing coherentandwellarticulated
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude: keyideas. commentsandadditionalinformation.
A.Collaborative(page1of2)

Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting, 2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish 2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish 2.InteractingviawrittenEnglish
explaining,persuading,negotiating, Collaboratewithpeerstoengagein Collaboratewithpeerstoengagein Collaboratewithpeerstoengageina
justifying,evaluating,etc. short,gradeappropriatewritten increasinglycomplexgradeappropriate varietyofextendedwrittenexchanges
exchangesandwritingprojects,using writtenexchangesandwritingprojects, andcomplexgradeappropriatewriting
Texttypesinclude: technologyasappropriate. usingtechnologyasappropriate. projects,usingtechnologyas
Informationaltexttypesinclude: appropriate.
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910


Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands14CorrespondingCommon Emerging Expanding Bridging
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage
Arts: 3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading 3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading 3.Supportingopinionsandpersuading
others others others
1. SL.910.1,6;L.910.3,6 Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin Negotiatewithorpersuadeothersin
2. W.910.6;WHST.910.6;SL.910.2; conversationsusinglearnedphrases conversations(e.g.,toprovidecounter conversationsinappropriateregisters
L.910.3,6 (e.g.,Wouldyousaythatagain?I arguments)usingagrowingnumberof (e.g.,toacknowledgenewinformation
3. W.910.1;WHST.910.1;SL.910.1,4,6; think...),aswellasopenresponsesto learnedphrases(Iseeyourpoint, inanacademicconversationbutthen
L.910.3,6 expressanddefendopinions. but...)andopenresponsestoexpress politelyofferacounterpoint)usinga
4. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6; anddefendnuancedopinions. varietyoflearnedphrases,indirect
L.910.1,3,6 reportedspeech(e.g.,Iheardyousay
X,andIhaventthoughtaboutthat
A.Collaborative(page2of2)

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing, before.However...),andopen
interpreting,analyzing,recounting, responsestoexpressanddefend
explaining,persuading,negotiating, nuancedopinions.
justifying,evaluating,etc.
4.Adaptinglanguagechoices 4.Adaptinglanguagechoices 4.Adaptinglanguagechoices
Texttypesinclude: Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto Adjustlanguagechoicesaccordingto
Informationaltexttypesinclude: thecontext(e.g.,classroom, thecontext(e.g.,classroom, thetask(e.g.,grouppresentationof
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific, community)andaudience(e.g.,peers, community),purpose(e.g.,to researchproject),context(e.g.,
historical,economic,technical),recounts teachers). persuade,toprovideargumentsor classroom,community),purpose(e.g.,
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information counterarguments),task,and topersuade,toprovideargumentsor
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial), audience(e.g.,peers,teachers,guest counterarguments),andaudience
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces, lecturer). (e.g.,peers,teachers,collegerecruiter).
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon Emerging Expanding Bridging
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage 5.Listeningactively 5.Listeningactively 5.Listeningactively
Arts: Demonstratecomprehensionoforal Demonstratecomprehensionoforal Demonstratecomprehensionoforal
5. SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6 presentationsanddiscussionson presentationsanddiscussionsona presentationsanddiscussionsona
6. RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110; familiarsocialandacademictopics varietyofsocialandacademictopics varietyofsocialandacademictopicsby
RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2; byaskingandansweringquestions byaskingandansweringquestionsthat askingandansweringdetailedand
L.910.1,3,6 withpromptingandsubstantial showthoughtfulconsiderationofthe complexquestionsthatshowthoughtful
7. RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.4 support. ideasorargumentswithmoderate considerationoftheideasorarguments
6,8;RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3; support. withlightsupport.
L.910.3,56
8. RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45; 6.Reading/viewingclosely 6.Reading/viewingclosely 6.Reading/viewingclosely
RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56 a)Explainideas,phenomena, a)Explainideas,phenomena, a)Explainideas,phenomena,processes,
processes,andtextrelationships processes,andrelationshipswithin andrelationshipswithinandacross
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
B.Interpretive(page1of2)

(e.g.,compare/contrast, andacrosstexts(e.g., texts(e.g.,compare/contrast,

Describing,entertaining,informing,
cause/effect,evidencebased compare/contrast,cause/effect, cause/effect,themes,evidencebased
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
argument)basedonclosereadingof themes,evidencebasedargument) argument)basedonclosereadingofa
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
avarietyofgradeappropriatetexts, basedonclosereadingofavarietyof varietyofgradeleveltexts,presentedin
justifying,evaluating,etc.
presentedinvariousprintand gradeappropriatetexts,presentedin variousprintandmultimediaformats,

multimediaformats,usingshort variousprintandmultimediaformats, usingavarietyofdetailedsentences
Texttypesinclude:
sentencesandaselectsetof usingincreasinglydetailedsentences, andarangeofgeneralacademicand
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
generalacademicanddomain andanincreasingvarietyofgeneral domainspecificwords.
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
specificwords. academicanddomainspecificwords.
historical,economic,technical),recounts

(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
b)Explaininferencesand b)Explaininferencesandconclusions b)Explaininferencesandconclusions
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
conclusionsdrawnfromclose drawnfromclosereadingofgrade drawnfromclosereadingofgradelevel
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
readingofgradeappropriatetexts appropriatetextsandviewingof textsandviewingofmultimediausinga
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
andviewingofmultimediausing multimediausinganincreasingvariety varietyofverbsandadverbials(e.g.,
analysis),etc.
familiarverbs(e.g.,seemsthat). ofverbsandadverbials(e.g.,indicates createstheimpressionthat,

that,suggests,asaresult). consequently).
Literarytexttypesinclude:

stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
c)Useknowledgeofmorphology c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g., c)Useknowledgeofmorphology(e.g.,
novels),poetry,drama,etc.
(e.g.,commonprefixesand affixes,GreekandLatinroots),context, derivationalsuffixes),context,reference

suffixes),context,reference referencematerials,andvisualcuesto materials,andvisualcuestodetermine
Audiencesinclude:
materials,andvisualcuesto determinethemeaningofunknown themeaning,includingfigurativeand
Peers(onetoone)
determinethemeaningofunknown andmultiplemeaningwordson connotativemeanings,ofunknownand
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
andmultiplemeaningwordson familiarandnewtopics. multiplemeaningwordsonavarietyof
Wholegroup(onetomany)
familiartopics. newtopics.

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands58CorrespondingCommon Emerging Expanding Bridging
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage 7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices 7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices 7.Evaluatinglanguagechoices
Arts: Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand Explainhowsuccessfullywritersand
5. SL.910.1,3,6;L.910.1,3,6 speakersstructuretextsanduse speakersstructuretextsanduse speakersstructuretextsanduse
6. RL.910.17,910;RI.910.110; language(e.g.,specificwordor language(e.g.,specificwordor language(e.g.,specificwordorphrasing
RH.910.110;RST.910.110;SL.910.2; phrasingchoices)topersuadethe phrasingchoices)topersuadethe choices)topersuadethereader(e.g.,by
L.910.1,3,6 reader(e.g.,byprovidingevidence reader(e.g.,byprovidingwellworded providingwellwordedevidenceto
7. RL.910.45;RI.910.4,6,8;RH.910.4 tosupportclaimsorconnecting evidencetosupportclaimsor supportclaimsorconnectingpointsin
6,8;RST.910.46,8;SL.910.3; pointsinanargument)orcreate connectingpointsinanargumentin anargumentinspecificways)orcreate
L.910.3,56 otherspecificeffects,with specificways)orcreateotherspecific otherspecificeffects,withlightsupport.
8. RL.910.45;RI.910.45;RH.910.45; substantialsupport. effects,withmoderatesupport.
RST.910.45;SL.910.3;L.910.3,56
8.Analyzinglanguagechoices 8.Analyzinglanguagechoices 8.Analyzinglanguagechoices
B.Interpretive(page2of2)

Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Explainhowawritersorspeakers Explainhowawritersorspeakers Explainhowawritersorspeakers
Describing,entertaining,informing,
choiceofphrasingorspecificwords choiceofphrasingorspecificwords choiceofavarietyofdifferenttypesof
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
(e.g.,describingacharacteror (e.g.,usingfigurativelanguageor phrasingorwords(e.g.,hyperbole,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
actionasaggressiveversusbold) wordswithmultiplemeaningsto varyingconnotations,thecumulative
justifying,evaluating,etc.
producesnuancesanddifferent describeaneventorcharacter) impactofwordchoices)produces

effectsontheaudience. producesnuancesanddifferenteffects nuancesanddifferenteffectsonthe
Texttypesinclude:
ontheaudience. audience.
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
novels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands912Corresponding Emerging Expanding Bridging
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish 9.Presenting 9.Presenting 9.Presenting
LanguageArts: Plananddeliverbrieforal Plananddeliveravarietyoforal Plananddeliveravarietyoforal
9. SL.910.46;L.910.1,3 presentationsandreportsongrade presentationsandreportsongrade presentationsandreportsongrade
10. W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410; appropriatetopicsthatpresent appropriatetopicsthatpresent appropriatetopicsthatexpresscomplex
L.910.16 evidenceandfactstosupportideas. evidenceandfactstosupportideas andabstractideas,wellsupportedby
11. W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89; usinggrowingunderstandingof evidenceandreasoning,andare
L.910.13,6 register. deliveredusinganappropriatelevelof
12. W.910.45;WHST.910.45; formalityandunderstandingofregister.
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,3,56
10.Writing 10.Writing 10.Writing
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
a)Writeshortliteraryand a)Writelongerliteraryand a)Writelongerandmoredetailed
Describing,entertaining,informing,
informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument informationaltexts(e.g.,anargument literaryandinformationaltexts(e.g.,an
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
aboutwaterrights)collaboratively aboutwaterrights)collaboratively argumentaboutwaterrights)
C.Productive(page1of2)

explaining,persuading,negotiating,
(e.g.,withpeers)andindependently. (e.g.,withpeers)andindependently collaboratively(e.g.,withpeers)and
justifying,evaluating,etc.
usingappropriatetextorganization independentlyusingappropriatetext

andgrowingunderstandingof organizationandregister.
Texttypesinclude:
register.
Informationaltexttypesinclude:

descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
b)Writebriefsummariesoftextsand b)Writeincreasinglyconcise b)Writeclearandcoherentsummaries
historical,economic,technical),recounts
experiencesusingcompletesentences summariesoftextsandexperiences oftextsandexperiencesusingcomplete
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
andkeywords(e.g.,fromnotesor usingcompletesentencesandkey andconcisesentencesandkeywords
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
graphicorganizers). words(e.g.,fromnotesorgraphic (e.g.,fromnotesorgraphicorganizers).
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
organizers).
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary

analysis),etc.
11.Justifying/arguing 11.Justifying/arguing 11.Justifying/arguing

a)Justifyopinionsbyarticulating a)Justifyopinionsandpositionsor a)Justifyopinionsorpersuadeothersby

Literarytexttypesinclude:
somerelevanttextualevidenceor persuadeothersbymaking makingconnectionsanddistinctions
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
backgroundknowledgewithvisual connectionsbetweenideasand betweenideasandtextsandarticulating
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.
support. articulatingrelevanttextualevidence sufficient,detailed,andrelevanttextual

orbackgroundknowledge. evidenceorbackgroundknowledge,
Audiencesinclude:
usingappropriateregister.
Peers(onetoone)

Smallgroup(onetogroup)
b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor b)Expressattitudeandopinionsor
Wholegroup(onetomany)
temperstatementswithfamiliar temperstatementswithavarietyof temperstatementswithnuancedmodal

modalexpressions(e.g.,can,may). familiarmodalexpressions(e.g., expressions(e.g.,possibly/potentially/

possibly/likely,could/would). certainly/absolutely,should/might).

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910


Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartI:InteractinginMeaningfulWays
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartI,strands912CorrespondingCommon Emerging Expanding Bridging
CoreStateStandardsforEnglishLanguage 12.Selectinglanguageresources 12.Selectinglanguageresources 12.Selectinglanguageresources
Arts: a)Usefamiliargeneralacademic(e.g., a)Useanincreasingvarietyofgrade a)Useavarietyofgradeappropriate
9. SL.910.46;L.910.1,3 temperature,document)anddomain appropriategeneralacademic(e.g., general(e.g.,anticipate,transaction)and
10. W.910.110;WHST.910.12,410; specific(e.g.,characterization, dominate,environment)anddomain domainspecific(e.g.,characterization,
L.910.16 photosynthesis,society,quadratic specific(e.g.,characterization, photosynthesis,society,quadratic
11. W.910.1,89;WHST.910.1,89; functions)wordstocreateclearspoken photosynthesis,society,quadratic functions)academicwordsandphrases,
L.910.13,6 andwrittentexts. functions)academicwordsaccurately includingpersuasivelanguage,accurately
12. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.4,6; andappropriatelywhenproducing andappropriatelywhenproducing
L.910.1,3,56 increasinglycomplexwrittenand complexwrittenandspokentexts.
spokentexts.
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:

Describing,entertaining,informing,
C.Productive(page2of2)

b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto b)Useknowledgeofmorphologyto

interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
appropriatelyselectbasicaffixes(e.g., appropriatelyselectaffixesinagrowing appropriatelyselectaffixesinavarietyof
explaining,persuading,negotiating,justifying,
Theskullprotectsthebrain.). numberofwaystomanipulate waystomanipulatelanguage(e.g.,
evaluating,etc.
language(e.g.,diplomatic,Stemsare changinghumiliatetohumiliationor

branchedorunbranched.). incredibletoincredibly).
Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,factorial),
expositions(e.g.,speeches,opinionpieces,
argument,debate),responses(e.g.,literary
analysis),etc.

Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,graphic
novels),poetry,drama,etc.

Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)

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EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks

TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartII,strands12Corresponding Emerging Expanding Bridging
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish 1.Understandingtextstructure 1.Understandingtextstructure 1.Understandingtextstructure
LanguageArts: Applyanalysisoftheorganizational Applyanalysisoftheorganizational Applyanalysisoftheorganizational
1. RL.910.5;RI.910.5;RH.910.5; structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g., structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g., structureofdifferenttexttypes(e.g.,
RST.910.5;W.910.15,10;WHST.9 howargumentsareorganizedby howargumentsareorganizedby howargumentsareorganizedby
10.12,45,10;SL.910.4 establishingclearrelationshipsamong establishingclearrelationshipsamong establishingclearrelationshipsamong
2. RI.910.5;RH.910.5;RST.910.5; claims,counterclaims,reasons,and claims,counterclaims,reasons,and claims,counterclaims,reasons,and
W.910.15,10;WHST.910.12,45,10; evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand evidence)tocomprehendingtextsand
L.910.1,36 towritingbriefarguments, towritingincreasinglyclearand towritingclearandcohesive
informative/explanatorytextsand cohesivearguments,informative/ arguments,informative/explanatory
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
narratives. explanatorytextsandnarratives. textsandnarratives.
Describing,entertaining,informing,
A.StructuringCohesiveTexts

interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
2.Understandingcohesion 2.Understandingcohesion 2.Understandingcohesion
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
a)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar a)Applyknowledgeofagrowing a)Applyknowledgeofavarietyof
justifying,evaluating,etc.
languageresourcesforreferringto numberoflanguageresourcesfor languageresourcesforreferringto

maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,using referringtomaketextsmorecohesive maketextsmorecohesive(e.g.,using
Texttypesinclude:
pronounstoreferbacktonounsin (e.g.,usingnominalizationstorefer nominalization,paraphrasing,or
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
text)tocomprehendingandwriting backtoanactionoractivitydescribed summariestoreferenceorrecapan
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
brieftexts. earlier)tocomprehendingtextsandto ideaorexplanationprovidedearlier)to
historical,economic,technical),recounts
writingincreasinglycohesivetextsfor comprehendinggradeleveltextsandto
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
specificpurposesandaudiences. writingclearandcohesivegradelevel
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
textsforspecificpurposesand
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
audiences.
opinionpieces,argument,debate),

responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.
b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar b)Applyknowledgeoffamiliar

languageresourcesforlinkingideas, languageresourcesforlinkingideas, languageresourcesforlinkingideas,

Literarytexttypesinclude:
events,orreasonsthroughoutatext events,orreasonsthroughoutatext events,orreasonsthroughoutatext
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
(e.g.,usingconnecting/transition (e.g.,usingconnecting/transitionwords (e.g.,usingconnecting/transitionwords
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.
wordsandphrases,suchasfirst, andphrases,suchasmeanwhile, andphrases,suchasonthecontrary,in

second,third)tocomprehendingand however,ontheotherhand)to addition,moreover)tocomprehending
Audiencesinclude:
writingbrieftexts. comprehendingtextsandtowriting gradeleveltextsandtowriting
Peers(onetoone)
increasinglycohesivetextsforspecific cohesivetextsforspecificpurposesand
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
purposesandaudiences. audiences.
Wholegroup(onetomany)

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012 10
 CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
TextsandDiscourseinContext EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
PartII,strands35Corresponding Emerging Expanding Bridging
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts: 3.Usingverbsandverbphrases 3.Usingverbsandverbphrases 3.Usingverbsandverbphrases
Useavarietyofverbsindifferent Useavarietyofverbsindifferenttenses Useavarietyofverbsindifferent
3. W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6; tenses(e.g.,past,present,future)and (e.g.,past,present,future)andaspects tenses(e.g.,past,present,future),
L.910.1,36 aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive) (e.g.,simple,progressive,perfect) aspects(e.g.,simple,progressive,
4. W.910.5;WHST.910.5;SL.910.6; appropriateforthetexttypeand appropriateforthetexttypeand perfect),andmood(e.g.,subjunctive)
L.910.1,36 disciplinetocreateshorttextson disciplinetocreateavarietyoftexts appropriateforthetexttypeand
5. W.910.45;WHST.910.45;SL.910.6; familiaracademictopics. thatexplain,describe,andsummarize disciplinetocreateavarietyoftexts
L.910.1,36 concreteandabstractthoughtsand thatdescribeconcreteandabstract
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude: ideas. ideas,explainproceduresand
sequences,summarizetextsandideas,
B.Expanding&EnrichingIdeas
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting, andpresentandcritiquepointsof
explaining,persuading,negotiating, view.
justifying,evaluating,etc.
4.Usingnounsandnounphrases 4.Usingnounsandnounphrases 4.Usingnounsandnounphrases
Texttypesinclude: Expandnounphrasestocreate Expandnounphrasesinagrowing Expandnounphrasesinavarietyof
Informationaltexttypesinclude: increasinglydetailedsentences(e.g., numberofways(e.g.,addingadjectives ways(e.g.,morecomplexclause
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific, addingadjectivesforprecision)about tonouns;simpleclauseembedding)to embedding)tocreatedetailed
historical,economic,technical),recounts personalandfamiliaracademictopics. createdetailedsentencesthat sentencesthataccuratelydescribe
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information accuratelydescribe,explain,and concreteandabstractideas,explain
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal, summarizeinformationandideasona proceduresandsequences,summarize
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches, varietyofpersonalandacademictopics. textsandideas,andpresentand
opinionpieces,argument,debate), critiquepointsofviewonavarietyof
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc. academictopics.

Literarytexttypesinclude: 5.Modifyingtoadddetails 5.Modifyingtoadddetails 5.Modifyingtoadddetails
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths, Expandsentenceswithsimple Expandsentenceswithagrowing Expandsentenceswithavarietyof
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc. adverbials(e.g.,adverbs,adverb varietyofadverbials(e.g.,adverbs, adverbials(e.g.,adverbs,adverb
phrases,prepositionalphrases)to adverbphrases,prepositionalphrases) phrasesandclauses,prepositional
Audiencesinclude: providedetails(e.g.,time,manner, toprovidedetails(e.g.,time,manner, phrases)toprovidedetails(e.g.,time,
Peers(onetoone) place,cause)aboutfamiliaractivities place,cause)aboutfamiliarornew manner,place,cause)aboutavariety
Smallgroup(onetogroup) orprocesses. activitiesorprocesses. offamiliarandnewactivitiesand
Wholegroup(onetomany) processes.

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012 11

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
TextsandDiscourseinContext
PartII,strands67Corresponding
CommonCoreStateStandardsforEnglish
LanguageArts:
6. W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36
7. W.910.15;WHST.910.12,45;
SL.910.4,6;L.910.1,36
Purposesforusinglanguageinclude:
Describing,entertaining,informing,
interpreting,analyzing,recounting,
explaining,persuading,negotiating,
justifying,evaluating,etc.
Texttypesinclude:
Informationaltexttypesinclude:
descriptionsoraccounts(e.g.,scientific,
historical,economic,technical),recounts
(e.g.,biography,memoir),information
reports,explanations(e.g.,causal,
factorial),expositions(e.g.,speeches,
opinionpieces,argument,debate),
responses(e.g.,literaryanalysis),etc.
Literarytexttypesinclude:
stories(e.g.,historicalfiction,myths,
graphicnovels),poetry,drama,etc.
Audiencesinclude:
Peers(onetoone)
Smallgroup(onetogroup)
Wholegroup(onetomany)
CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012
CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910
PartII:LearningAboutHowEnglishWorks
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentLevelContinuum
Emerging
6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinafewbasicways
(e.g.,creatingcompoundsentences
usingand,but,so;creatingcomplex
sentencesusingbecause)tomake
connectionsbetweenandtojoinideas
(e.g.,Iwanttoreadthisbookbecause
itdescribesthesolarsystem.).
C.Connecting&CondensingIdeas
7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinafewbasicways
(e.g.,bycompoundingverbor
prepositionalphrases)tocreate
preciseanddetailedsimple,
compound,andcomplexsentences
(e.g.,Thestudentsaskedsurvey
questionsandrecordedthe
responses.).
Expanding Bridging
6.Connectingideas 6.Connectingideas
Combineclausesinagrowingnumber Combineclausesinavarietyofwaysto
ofwaystocreatecompoundand createcompoundandcomplex
complexsentencesthatmake sentencesthatmakeconnections
connectionsbetweenandlinkconcrete betweenandlinkconcreteand
andabstractideas,forexample,to abstractideas,forexample,tomakea
expressareason(e.g.,Hestayedat concession(e.g.,Whilebothcharacters
homeonSundayinordertostudyfor striveforsuccess,theyeachtake
Mondaysexam)ortomakea differentapproachesthroughwhichto
concession(e.g.,Shestudiedallnight reachtheirgoals.),ortoestablish
eventhoughshewasntfeelingwell.). cause(e.g.,Womensliveswere
changedforeverafterWorldWarIIas
aresultofjoiningtheworkforce.).
7.Condensingideas 7.Condensingideas
Condenseideasinagrowingnumberof Condenseideasinavarietyofways
ways(e.g.,throughembeddedclauses (e.g.,throughavarietyofembedded
orbycompoundingverbsor clauses,orbycompoundingverbsor
prepositionalphrases)tocreatemore prepositionalphrases,nominalization)
preciseanddetailedsimple,compound, tocreateprecisesimple,compound,
andcomplexsentences(e.g.,Species andcomplexsentencesthatcondense
thatcouldnotadapttothechanging concreteandabstractideas(e.g.,
climateeventuallydisappeared.). Anotherissuethatpeoplemaybe
concernedwithistheamountof
moneythatitwillcosttoconstructthe
newbuilding.).
12
 CaliforniaDepartmentofEducation
EnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910

Section2:ElaborationonCriticalPrinciplesforDevelopingLanguage&CognitioninAcademicContexts
FoundationalLiteracySkills:
LiteracyinanAlphabetic
WritingSystem
Printconcepts
Phonologicalawareness
Phonics&wordrecognition
Fluency
PartIII:UsingFoundationalLiteracySkills
SeeAppendixAforinformationonteachingreadingfoundationalskillstoEnglishlearnersofvariousprofilesbasedonage,native
language,nativelanguagewritingsystem,schoolingexperience,andliteracyexperienceandproficiency.Someconsiderationsare:
Nativelanguageandliteracy(e.g.,phonemeawarenessorprintconceptskillsinnativelanguage)shouldbeassessedforpotential
transferencetoEnglishlanguageandliteracy.
SimilaritiesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,phonemesorlettersthatarethesameinboth
languages).
DifferencesbetweennativelanguageandEnglishshouldbehighlighted(e.g.,somephonemesinEnglishmaynotexistinthe
studentsnativelanguage;nativelanguagesyntaxmaybedifferentfromEnglishsyntax).

CaliforniaEnglishLanguageDevelopmentStandardsforGrades910October5,2012 13