Chemistry II

Year 2065/7
Q1. What do you understand by 1st and 2nd order kinetic reactions? Give
evidence to show the reaction between tert. Butyl bormide and
hydroxide ion to yield tert. Butyl alcohol is the 1st order kinetic reaction?
Ans -A chemical reaction in which the rate of reaction is directly
proportional to the concentration of the reacting substance is
known as 1 st order kinetic reaction.
A chemical reaction in which the rate of the reaction is determined by th
e concentration of two chemical reactantsinvolved or the square of the c
oncentration of one chemical reactant is known as 2nd order kinetic
reaction.
Q2. Define energy of activations. Give reasons to show that as number
of substituents attached to the carbon bearing halogens is increased the
reactivity towards SN2 substitution decreases.
Ans- Energy of activation is the minimum amount of energy that should
be supplied to the reactant molecule in order to cross the energy
barrier.It is obtained by substracting average energy value by threshold
energy value.
Q3. Define dehydrohalogenation. Give mechanism for preparation of
propylene from n-propyl chloride.
Ans- The elimination reaction in which hydrogen and halogen attached
to adjacent carbons are removed or eliminated is called dehydrogenation
reaction. Generally, the reaction is carried out in presence of alcoholic
base.
Mechanism for preparation of propylene from n-propyl chloride.
Q4. Differentiate between any Two.
i) Singlet carbene and triplet carbene

Singlet carbene Triplet carbene

The odd electron in single carbene The odd electrons in triplet

are spin pair i.e exhibit sp2
hybridization
It occurs more often in aqueous
state.
The reaction of singlet carbene is
stereospecific
Its energy is 8kcalmol-1 more than
triplet carbene
carbene are not spin pair i.e
adopt sp hybridization.
It occurs more often in gaseous
state.
The reaction of triplet carbene
is stereoselective
Its energy is less than singlet
carbene.

ii) Meso compound and diastereomer compound

Meso compound Diastereomer compound