Unruly Practices: Power, Discourse, and Gender in Contemporary Social Theory Nancy Fraser Lr] Univesity of Minnesota Press Minneapolisah © 9 ye ep oe Uy Me ‘Tet more Repr saa my at Sn creel ama a ‘ trae ah Sb 5012520 | ie wince pen “i Ns ‘eProp be poraien, ‘Re rening ape we ely iid ows (Gig tru ong oe 32 SF a tl 4 so (Gap ti cma no. 38 Oa 0 (GS Sutra 8 oe ah 27-7: (Gop & fer cnn Cn ms pape 18 07 Oo Fg Rend i og Ub Car Catan Pn De Sl ee a cee SsevostetE3 (ty (Leto Mty 2 Rain 3 ein Mem Mae seta cae Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Apologia for Academic Radicals Part 1 hap 1 Chapter 2 caper 9 Part 2 chapter 4 chaper 5 Part 3 caper 6 caper? chaps 8 Powers, Ns, and Vocabularies f Cometaton Foucault on Moder Power: Empirical sgh ‘Notmaive Confess Mice Foca: A Young Conserv? Foaca’s Boy Language: A Pothuranit Pll (nthe Poti andthe Synbti ‘The Freah Derdeans:Plisicng Deconstucton or Deconsrocing the Pola Solidi or Singuliy? Richard Rory tetwece Romantic and Tener) (Gender andthe Polites of Need Interpretation ‘Whats Chit stout Cre! Tear? The Cae of Haber and Gens Women, Wella, and he Politi of Ned Interpetaon Srugel over New: Oi of 3 Soi Fein (Cate Thuy of ae Capi Polis Cute we 161 9Acknowledgments, "ee very foramte ohve eee man forms and sources of sappoet ang ‘te lng and often dice poet of working on this book. Ie plea fo seknowlege them be, recived gers fm spp fom fr insitaons, The Univesity | orgs Reseach Foundation unde research rp to rnc 1982 wiht ‘he spp, sud ot ave writen Chper of this book The Stand Hu Inaies Centr provided + Mellon Fellowthip i 19-85 giving ete et [iol yearanay fom he nia exes of aad Me. Tam gat an ‘Wat nde Mort Sout fo cesting congenial simulating vcaent in Sohichmyietscipinary ies ousbed. The Mary Ingram Busing I ‘Shue of Ralf College sare me 4 Banting Fellowship in 19878 an ‘ier pesos pt of Sine ad space nich otk and wre. am especialy [ese wo thank Ann ok snd Ediabth MCKiney force wok ‘nine cs gue atton, a rescach and stay cent for momen. rally. Nortesers Universi gave me spleen financial seppor ig bth Fellows yer, aque of pi ee in 195, sad the cecil ol cose redscon when the goin tou, Tam gail ofr Dea of Art ‘Senos Rudnph Wega ant Actos Dean Rober Sel fr hse ch append forms of appr. ‘Neath of hese stuns, eb om the profession kl nd personal smth of sort sa. ea plese o tank Lace Eppenon, Dee Ma flee Marina Rosine an Ae) Th or he lpi ging mater ‘Ret oly tog,In ain to fora ition, have sho rio he spect final etwets nd commanies enjoyed many hous ful a shal is ‘Ste at esting tbe Sacer for Wome in Plsophy (epee. ‘em SWIP) the Raia! Psloophy Asoiin, an the scl theory ou of fhe Cone for Paychowncal So, I eared much ao fom wares ses ‘Saconion gous at Norwest Univer ts more ica to ny the many nia colleagues whose genera incest, salting conversion and concrete sepgestons have payed such & {ge prin the making o hs bok Ihave ed where psa aknowldge specific ls det nthe foots o each chapter. Some pope, ho ‘her, deserve pil mention ere Sami Barty, Jey Grif, Tom McCarthy, Linda Nistlson, and Judy \Witner have ee my llc engin, well a my ood fends, or ‘many yar Ihave red heehee, onthe lingese 0 ne 5) ‘eed ions don th gd een restining my de Figo fey owe 4 deh of grate of ante Kindo collages whose lee em en ouragement nd inerest my work have ben sss and sping. Her. ‘wo ket thn Jonaan Ar, Ses Besa, Haber. Dreyfs gen Habermas, David Hoy Alon agar, Mari Jy Richard Roy, Terry Wino, a oun, "The foc nd collegues owe thanks fora kind of spp hat dees the distinction tote the inlet the personal. er, mst geo Barr renee Kepon Dani, Jean Pra, Mar errs, Pal Match, Susan Revert, Rober Roth, Ania Soler, Soe Weiter nd Kaa ‘Werchnsor, And ms a6) pia nord of hans for he eilege of at ine tnown my deat an eeply mised end Barbara Rosen, ‘Next [wat n expe my rita to Terry Cockan ofthe Unies of ingests Pres: He fal th sono tive here was a took where T oad ‘eaely mine one. Tam abo grata forthe apr cpyetting of Mary Ca fy And I very mach appreciate he suppor and patience of Joba Thompson of Pay Press ly wish tank ny pares, Ean Fria Shapiro whom bok ‘dali. Over he ser hy hae afaingy fund om ior aod Tir hears for a someties yard and often fel nage Is em that Lome whatever pote paon dnl sesaseess have mange) tof imo th Pk Unruly PracticesIntroduction Apologia for Academic Radicals 1k fshonble sows to decry eller combine stivsm and acai, Neoconeraie tll that pracce etiue while employed by an eden ‘ional insta sa betrayal of protsional standards. Convene, ome inde een et wing inlotas nit hat o oin the professor to ety the Imperative of cigue. Ply may acts cue te academy Soo he ermine! and elit cademics who claim be he lls aco ae ing 'o oe ho has ried bea plc crea acaemic in he United Stes an siply diss teh compas witout ede, The soto of a ith ‘rewinding, each of tee charges pis 0 and in the ao pense ‘sions ad cnadctons tht we ede our atom, Raia in aad ‘ntsdo ad ests subject competing pesue and countess, We ‘be iteraie several sti an msl incompatible sets of experts ‘And we do experince nity coc s Wey sarltanoenly o wea evra terest ha: However, we Sood a ts 0 join inthe chao ef wing ‘ofewor ting. The real eosin for ives twining he ad Sel academe so an oxynere, ‘The essays collected here were mr wee With he specif tain of ov an Sea Re. at Beat Pal Mak Tom Carty. San Rese, Raber ‘ah nt ny eee cans nage pa ‘Situ ner he yp Saga, Rai Coe,ing that thesis They wera ocasna iervntns in ais ple {Su soviet Sets of he 1980s, Nevers, sem oe 0 | ‘farts collection can eel be ed at cnmbtion ongoing zune ‘Sout the soi le nd pal ain of lets sao the ec of “re sovlistfeminst'an omer New Left activi real bea politely ‘Shvitecieal leta itin the acadery. in one coy te Mar’ deinion of equa “the sttarfcaton of theres nd wishes ofthe age” Tis define sad as an eiraph for the ene volume citric he eas boat the rebsoestip etwen ci {cl hoy an pie pace ft, ales histone specific oa {ual gales he agenda ster for ciel theory coed, posts sca Imoerents a the sabe of rgd this thatthe re ‘Ske of pil pace tha ei theres meet the lite est of iby. Something He his eof es provide the exit and plcal unde innings ofthis volume. Atte sme tie, he pital ad tcl history of | eeermon ends it disintve pysiognmy, The sons nl wise fo {i tre found expan in moments for sci joe rnping fo Heh, wel ripht, nts: ingrals 1 environmental eis, ad {By hd san eran, Moteove, se race mules informing these Inovets hate teen simultaneously dseminted and aenoe, momeroas ‘ovis and wel wists of sch rage ave found hei wy in the a> hy. These scholars ae mrkingf eave and extend the ileal ei lazesof Ameren eal, bly severed and mopped by McCarthy, [Asa rol ven dep the dectie of ass ati and the eof an uav- ‘Bie ade Zager eae sing the emergence of il sce et ou fecule. One comequence i triable explosion of ew thoes! pars ‘Signn fr polical ant uur canoe, praigms aging fom variants of ‘Nesecn Mars, Fossliian new sos, an he ey of parptry emocrcy, to econsrcin, pstnaernsm, tthe many vsti of fem pares “Th nasi his ook grew out of his specie geneaonl sory. Acar ingly tye oa ont, responding smulancousl opie cond ‘ows and to nlc devetopments. Whatever he sajet ude dsusin, Ive alway pone ee on hori Gebietes Sil pola paces, In thr ord, [have td 0 Kep semaneous Niew tne diss sda ofthe thors and of he pola get ma ‘ce one othe eer Far example, 5 parr of, an pata te fen inst movemens ave insted on bling new hort paratpms secu tie wo the demands of pol prac the sae time, a» eal sea thers haved bes te vai of trae forme of paca He ‘te rs of terete! efecto. den acl ed fy ing, Te css ast an hore, ehey ee acento gene) tat be ‘peas eneagsne On the one hand, I wits ert tnd 8 Piesoper an uence by osm cheatin erry hey et "her an ala suds On he te hind, wie a dear so tna emit eer hve td pero he it a ingens tok of srg he ground tween nay profession ds we tem. Cosequety cre the moa enbabedly tral paces ae epomses to problems generated i, andl oly Ovugh pic pace: even the most ostensibly impersonal ess grew out of extent lemmas and Peon! coonies “Te ft hr chper—the sso Foucauk—are a casein oie. What strate me Foal was his oes on “poerknowedge "Tas was com> Peli sje fora nent cries Ph.D. with oll past who was Sg ngs esaban bel ar "pofesonl hlsaper” Inds adn Fo {aus here efecton of my own dived concourse toe bad, Terese Kin often ie of sade ines ot te othe I dcerned a oe ands sane ta crepe an serie nl testa pai. This was nese cmon fr aone who fal ce rte the areca of th "New Maniatis od dt ie wore o ay eoups on Maris plc! emmy bat who was mow having ade ‘Sens an 9 pblih perth Tens th great works of Foca’ mid ero tht fond moet compl ting. Here was an apsch "te pits of th tht smuaneny on ‘ue and entended more ania hoes! an pial parm i Eiptine and Push, for errpl, proposed new ways 1 understate Marit wai ota the oration fh professions managerial cla ae lncreig socal divine of mana! and lect abr" ad "he spread of Tri.” By wackig hse poe teyond the Donde of he tical econony.! Fourat abo recast what Weteses snd Ciel Theor hve unersoo ssl cela an "ereucraeon, ‘any of Foca’ et thes ree ogo he essa hs vols rum agian gain the prose fe ples of wie, especialy Serta hc sn of xperieo ial movems and oe ate Inied, tr fois on he problema expertise rac oe no ‘Eon f soca services at inks he papers on Fone fn Pat 1 tok with thn nthe pois onan" Pat However even ahve taken p Feat thai fac, tate een p= ed by he s-pstoing Wha the sci in eh pated none ‘terete soc his engage? What was his practical net, hs polite nent? On he ns hand, hs acount he apa" hrc mod “npower zens mall pose ses of pail age ano ali tewofension of ne sail moves; hereby ves theoreti sappec 10 ow ef cigs of econriam aod 0a expanded seme of wha cout 5 "otic." On the air had harer'o know what to mae of Fone’ ‘en tenon normative and propa mars, his lactase. ‘Slot ow al tes varus sels might be coord and what sor of hangs they ight accompli, and his mucrscssed ahaclogial "col Paz by thse and eats sana in Foc’ wok, ave ed the sie essay that ke p Pat to ape othe normative pola ena of Invern. hve ltd for dd fet, forthe kt of aero fhe fora thai of esisance th cold ponte the sugpes and wes of ‘Snort socal moverents. In so, have wi understand an teva tate onc alee of "icity powered fom he samp tt engeciee of plicl price ‘Aelita wet of poossptons ifr the esas consitng Pa 2 of his solome, Herth foc fi fom he "specif elect” the "never Ines” frm he Sokal cet 1 be pilose and the all-purpose {cof culture Consequently the pote of "powerinowledg it w the ncn sn devotion fete radon andthe polis of knowledge {aes he for of gels over where wo dw he ine eter“ SOP ‘Ea andthe piel" "pole andl," be pb” ad the pr Th Chater 4, "The French Desens," Hat a poll hort ee 2 ‘te phenomenon of ecostton. The ote! or thes wa the Foes inthe Une Sates ofthis astonishingly energie new movement fey ci iis, Gren my political sry, ts cine by he are of ete tsdnconssucor an sede iow hoe feos waft a ose pe te vepedon ite omalom. And onc psn ws pz ty he sous ti ceeperary tcl wily. Why dd deconsrctin se cries oe tetas of presence a poli cr? Why ei hey hak ha tudo inary “rpains i high ere Ine ex was fo count socal tansform: ‘on How dd ey square hi tsitence on te ny of the "lose ofthe ‘Wes ih thir ppt fo stl specie negates nd oppress? ‘On lev in Pre Isoughtanmer nthe more exp andslecosiosly lial writings of» group of French consrcionst ploughs. Las [ied lee ht fr thon he cl nll ore asking esas Fe euncenetal phlwoper On the one hand, Bey pepe the ahaa ‘tof he condor for te post of "the pita” oe the pra in Policalsregles On the ier hand thy hoped extrac an eos of pli eget ely fo he ilosphy tou ving to make Soa troup empire cology or norma poll thay. In ener they ‘Seed te pola wilt “pots” and ote spared emsles te to tying omnes ret tons wih he ses ad ‘tikes ote “he Femch Deda” tres soe of te ima inet in hs “pare deems Welsch Ides, howe, ape ‘er lintel an sl uso conrton aha of ee Ira fr ical ens sich kite, Nevers te sams mE have aged sre ily new reac ne wef vs soa Be poll pst af Martin Hengr and Pl e Man. The poem of te po Ia adhe piso” cent cme seoeting tse ret nin er te igs t,o no atte of Oa fo he “Teron cunt lh, deve, Bure oa te it fee ht in Heeger and de Man ste a arc a mare es ffi ole ‘One respme fhe oe etn f sme Earp ics with polis cleat the downer rma eof Aneto pg, fm. Tis he ck ea by Red Ror ea of Chap Sal ‘ity or Simpl” Ray fe fs marten on ny len Aevclogment, since was hcblie nanet quo he ana alton, in Philosophy and he Miror of Natur, th seeds psi Nsan a ‘opi which Former Nw Lio cons ‘mens msc my espns Raya wrk deeply ved ‘on hone n,m on hol, hc, sd anes ld nok eval cho nhs pagan, Oncol try ak forme ep ae jad sas of ene prs of ron nya tor tncghging ise nt poy of pe, onthe cotinge. teal conned chr fetes ad nas, nd on td tsivemporace of weary she othe ming of pola nes Ths ‘erty ok ke sn apposed ge wh pel) ‘esorthe yes an peaton of sine i pop, On the het nda consi wimps y Rays piel ew: he Hse An-aton-ter he smog ety Wee oth hs fe ‘et Nord Adan towrsis demas" te ory eres hal Incas! et dosnt se lis a aa Tm pty cot of sympathy th eve hat pens kyl to “psa or tess ier," an a st tomer when tepeckages cl nl Somers ncaig sch aided expe Tc not lp bat wonder What he slain beeen Rot’ pp thie poter? How an seh er Incughsopical is tn comfy i ch compacet pl tc Is tere Some dep ceomestonRetecen Pema ad eg Merton"? Or ee connor Roy merely foto? Can 3emocrati socom ept Rot’ mtaptosophy while ecg bis ‘puis? Or in embracing thon, wl he be leat Yo the the? In "SolkaryorSinglary?” Ty sete acouns with Rist Rory. 1 tae low, hat lnk ath ihotemzation of "ple and vat Kena Tague gant dvson call aor tha allows fr the athe frase of Ua social meer ad engines on he one hand, and fr te [fotcal hor of ecient acter, on oe an, bt hat as ‘place forthe aia pital ory orien inline Wi eso oppo ‘tnt movements. My aim nh tn to rescue hepsi of nober prosinaism a dentate scat fermi pag with anther unde Sanding of he lain betwen toy amd pace. "Sverre theme on hough tees U have st Ben sessing (ne an sistnce ha you can pet poles Sight ot of epstrmoog, even ‘then te eptensogy I'l steering Be Matias, pragma {nme cconsrction, Om te cna, ange repent tha plies us (Tibi af ta thong th lends norasv gue a ri so {iS apis fa "apne of he mes." Ia his, Lam ang ay ‘sie Ft iew found in Marx sin Frankf schoo Coal Theor. Ate ‘anc tne1 om opposing tndeney in mesons othe academic Let ‘ngage in what ca only sppear ar ext Toes of score nes and il Secon fo prac te else, indeed ened touphsckpliia tale lowes, hs snot enone a ead. marrow dfnton of he pol fea." second and lol led cen theme ese esas presi {te boodenng of tht deiton fo encompasses asicl viewed a "alta." private “eon” Somes,” abd "personal" ners inpy. this question about the its fhe pla! press poiica ate Tn addon arses an excelent eka of he process by wish poe tal eugene sew theoretealpoblens. Tis sve mas pt on the tical trea ages by New Le, feminist, nd gn and lesbian ieaan ‘novemens iiting lpm before marginale sugges ve sings The sexuality, meine, fain, and Bese In his spec these move tren hn followed ne tatoo workings nd soli movements, (ich fou 0 make "economic" ss pole. ‘yon appro ia hs lame eo dled the rade conception ofp ites One oer had, hve so wanted to spect more ety th ay ttacazc te ways in which cla erin plc have claortd 2 (qs Gramcian view. i which eral ofr ctrl meanings and sci ‘Memes re sgec for clu! heey, ht fo the pose 1 consort ‘Striaive dfn of sal suas A leptons of 0 ‘needs. Pace soe et res fhe scar La such tres an sa do ‘eur ntsc wal next aademlc pbb spheres. nb css ‘i plcal ie comes to his, bower mediate the oppostona ‘movers whose neds and Wenesindod, whore rales and wish — tease “Tis questionof inks brween et cae and soil movements another jar theme of his volume, emerges most concetl and exp tee ‘yin Part 3. The, tpt my onm viene as emit the cee, nd vero ai he gees nd wishes crea swiing aout gene Ia) ‘these struggle nd ies have ts apf execs a sexi nthe ‘New Latin he aad, fall pers of eral and soca if, But {hey se lo informed by coumevaling, empowering expesenes—ofcon- ‘howines-sing, sero, and parcpato nthe canon a emit te ty, Boca thy te elven by pono lake he ens his section tear special iment. They represent the coming pte oa aia aciea ies india node with he istoral nesds of = plical movement Ts, ‘hese vas ar exercns in stusted heriing. I adn, hey re ineren- ‘Hows Theyfncon to ipl he my ha al iain ae sinly pls with ep! othe levers of scl power, onthe one had ad 0 the Ioovements hat oppose them, ote aber ‘Chane 6, "What Cel abot Cal Theory?” sa cae in pi Here, "east femuinsee on the socal theory of Sirgen Habermas. Tis ear trated my nts fortwo reso. Fine, Habermas he elo be wanna Frankfurt col Cia Tory: i work, hrf, Bad rma face elmo "eaten oa former New Left once resi) tached by te oughta He tert Marat, Send, Habermas soil theory ihe most mous cen a ‘eng do forte epitaxial tenth ear Wha Ma's {Capt wed do forse o he ae ninent I iso et he suc “yams the cris tendencies and he ors confi characishe of ese focites Moret the ters elburaed with he prac inet” of po ‘ing emincipcry scl wanforaton. I eck lai the sation and [ospecs of soci movements whos racice might cone to soch rs maton. Th, cical lune wih es fo social movement ave mo ‘Sone bat engage iy ens aeses the emp and pola adequacy of Habeas tory from the perspective of feminist hry and practice. Tes, have len pole issues as opposed tometer ser aout sy” oF "ound elses ay pit of depart” Conesuety, have lsd otter {mec of sappse schineetn actly Brae fo speak oto 506 legal spect exp gendered, and pracy engaged Statin. I 50 fing am aking sero Hibema's professed pcan” of clay tne te emncipory pera” of eonempray regs. Likewise, am taking seo hi rofewed sap fr te case of women iran. My [url sate itd hin toe word by earn the sucess fi hryines of abit o contrib to “te selrifieton ofthe sles amd Say, the ess ar tha asfctory eas out ha Habermas’ work, the dat of many male eis, rominrelieywetoucbed by te enormoas feet otouringo eatin fein hery. AS a esl, Ms soci hy ‘epoanes andrei ba ate vel fbi categor amevork, Ke ‘Roposs raher than challenger dani, ieaoglcal mays of comeing amy” and economy," "pvt sper and "publi sper," symbol ‘epeason’ ad aerial reed.” stem” and "ewer." These ‘Schone ke iia see, uc est analy, sone import de ‘remo fale dominance i ate aptalst soiies. For example, hey ose eens of domestic gener epression that rent only "orm bat aso sjstemic™ and "enone" Lie the dichotomies cl Forms of gender \ncquality inte oc som and hee hat re ot only ysemi™ but tis "syiolic™ sed “somatve,” One rel tha Habermas teary mi lonesome eal ees fae capi societies. Anche that, po- Tilsen t fis to tice oh roeles and wishes of onempo- ee dee te te bem it dey ein semely important, Given be sage of fs smbtos ad gee pails owns omnis scares of postive and negative lessons fer soils fem ‘cal het. One of eels at sparc iieece pede of fenmsts impli mascot ie Antes iecogy owes dichotomies. IWllows hat ea erst neatopolematize gender asi inary op poston et hehe mccumb othe diese ry aim wo dagoose, "Teast two essays inthis vole reper my emp opt tec ad other lessons to Wor ine raking of scien ental or. Here, Tse my ney whey meth tt fo ago ear in ona tne socal hen the rae yea werk on Foucault, deconstruction, ‘ory and Haberman gener, have sought wo elo a appon a - tepts te wc mensions fcc of tee cil params whi viding their respective weakness in thes st wo sy i itnded 8a eae ‘yresson—eamey apalsm and paiachy an then edt unersand tw hey mee elated, Dual yer hor was one ofthe ist Fein eos {ovoid “vinge vale" model by tering the nerscon of gender with ‘lon lands some etc wath). But Spite thi noe am Soon ‘Each an ings ving bp by supposing the fondant dsticess ‘Spits and pach, la nd ond, ta seve lar How 0 pute tk oper sa ‘Some svat feminists ave responded thi gas by poping 0 = place dual yes theory with snl yt they” hear in which as a genie copaliam snd patchy would be meal ity fom te ‘ry tien though analy conched nasal set of eategorcs ANoogh {hsrepfesetsanimrosement over da stems ters hott hate fake. Like Foucault apd Habeas, Ihave waned o ai objects. ne {ional models tat purport ow how "systems repretice teases” “These moder screen out "dysfunctional action ha est, coment and op ona socal patie. I ato, hey epi! the sel interes of ‘nl apnt Mow general, nconl apache sph teenie ace ie ‘tsce processs, he ways in whch even he most rotiied pate osc ‘gens imvaes he making sad unmakig of socal reall. Uaforuaaty, ingle ste thoy" emis imply fancies sone esd eschew Ihave te nado devise a peach table of Fepesemtng human agen, soll oa adhe consacton an decent ‘om fell mesmings ‘Chper7."Women, Weir, an te Plt f New! Iteration repre: seus one fort in ths deco, follows Habermas ning othe etd ‘Sopa kof relating sacar and interpre apace tthe Sy of o- ‘Sif. Br combines he withthe fern pica sk of closing the “xistence and cara of sone specifiy at apt frms of ae domi tance. Sometines (swat misleading) ale "pul pata.” these teens of male dominance aris inte wake of preter tte repaaton of he eco ‘om. They are characteristic fod, song ote plies, in scab welire programs "The ey aay the conan ad exacerbation of sexi “by ther rea" inthe US sca nel term. shows hat hi sytem cee ‘Shade imo two pend ink ube an mic “mascline Scl frome subyacn ted to "primary Ibo force partpaton and gered 10 (hie mae "endwonr" and a pil eminine™ welt ssn ed to owschold income a geared to homemaker motes and Die fecse” (Le. female eate) fares. Premise as they ae onthe (cue factual assumption of "spare spheres,” the to seem lr markedly Inthe dope of aslonaey, ih, snd pesampin of dese thy accord Dene ‘char, well a in th ann ave, mode of ainisraon an carter level of Beis Inher wort hey are separate ad ue. "The account presented i ths cher simalneosy socal int reine. It wens what we wally Som as "ecosome" phenomena ise tons! pers of nepetaton The pit hat Scal-netare pogans {rove mre than meri sd hey ao pie ems. and the public ae, Sth a act but powertal merptive map uf normative, ifleeatialy valved ede oles nd geared meds Tas nal hows ow sci weects ene sexs an ndcenic terres of womens med ine ‘Peon eed onthe bast of ieologsa,generlinid dichotomies He dome” vers “econ,” “hone vers work,” “mote” eros ‘wendwinser" pir)” vets “secon Tabor "Atous ths sexist ned inert are powerful and jositnally sanctions, ey dot go onan In Caper he as es in his ok {Ect ond th fa fing oak thew rena of Enrico ‘edit apa oie Here, nrpcaons embeded in te pas ‘the sla ste represent only ope of several mar kd of encounes abot ‘is They nerounge fies plenscaly, with competing interpretations a- ‘ined with poston sca ovement social slece expert, and esc Servis, eopesvely.Lilewie ste bse actors represent ny ne of ‘ral nde of apts engaged iepeting peoples nets. They nee, oft ‘Sift, wih scal-eline cen. profesional knowledge pode, ‘ovement activist ae unions, party policns and oes. Sale over Neenah poles of ed ier.” ep rests my mos ambos ello 0 dat fo develops sii feist cal ‘ery. By aalying cones among rival icounes out ess, a8 aap ttl capitals soc src and peal er 1 nk th potato ‘eds to si nthe boundaries searing "pola" "ccomomi.” and "o> Irs pre of, Lao sow how eed lis simple inh on Sinton o posal sca eres, om th ve hand, din peso ‘as eration, theo aon, Hea te major kd of neds {an wel se seve "opps" Sacoeren,“wepiazaon CGnsunen and "expe doco Fly na sere of examples Lebar unter oil tendencies oo sth eden forthe pis of ned ‘eetaion fo devote to he amination of ed sainacns te har {hr coumerendensy that ub fom administration resstance ad pottily ‘mak to polis Tn irae over Neots.” have pu ico athe cent for several sons Fi by tcsing "the plies of interpetation," Thar dt f= ‘Saran arte to andar theres sto oes fa lok ont at th bron of satisfactions. Second, by aplpng eas from ary sas 10 te ‘din of soil and pola thy, hve ted bie the vie between Btu and soci te Morante dhe soi scenes. Tied yng on “purty of gents nd Sicounes Ive edo develop an alma tea femlyfashinsble Scour here tat spose 4 sal. monlihie “sym fate oe Trav sumed tnoughou at here are mile axes of power in tap tas cee, Ths, vet allow th foe crscting eso al ‘ation and for conplx roses of group formation Likewise hate ame (hee te anor of erent "pies in which groups an inva at “Tras, have ied to aid orersinpic, shatonous conceptions f pai np. Finally, Rave acranced» genera hue actu of ae ap tit pola cal. Thus, Ihave td to prove the sat big asec pct necesry to ein poi racice whem the same time repecng Ptr specifiy, soci differen, and xtra mati. ve te in shor, develop a nw type of Souls femme een eoy hat ‘overcomes the liitaonr of te corey aval arate, “Above alleie,Strupate ovr Neal” sm 0 conte oe sella cto fhe srgeles an wishes ofthe ape” Widnes sme robin ro ipssve moverots face a mld gels wth nee“ n and oun the scl se Hee I py speci stenten ote isto bc ton abd option of experts. etamine ees discourses develope uve Sites tik nk, profesional asocisions, and sca servic raza. tales these as ridge cous, which ede therein: betwee scl Imotemens andthe ste. Ishow ow expert dicouses pa his mediating ae ty wanting te pitied nas aed by opostonal movement ine p> ‘eal objec fsa aminisrato, "Tus nts as ey 1 provide Jel ancher ak nthe problem ofthe oi read polite faction of lect. Ando ome alle othe es Ssh whch 1 tezan. What pt does this discussion shed cn he siason of ‘aden atest "We to. [hak occupy messing poston. Accordingly. we, to ae in the busines bug beige. Inveaion oar acaceme dscns, we fneion 2 the oppostinal wing of n expert pubic In elation 1 exteacadeie socal ‘noyenents onthe thet hand we ona te expert wing ofan oppositional i. Tn adition. any of ws also relate sil ter pubs. As aches me fy to foe an emergent papi cunercutare A fy aise, we ey {0 provide itn and leitcy to ae oent gros on ou cages, Filly as tea pctv, wet tones our preven wha ‘rca or polis abi pers we ave asso. The pots that We Tancon a several dst isoaliedpols. Necsan. hen w seak imscveral voices, Insfar twin ules talking th 0 expert an 09 thi, we stated Berean movements and protests, ‘Ore way to thik tour hs “betwen” sas pie where peso is oss an orper sours neat. One thing, then, that real elects ‘Soap fom peaking fo movement, onthe on and ol 0 experts on ‘ther funds find mays to Kat hei pune nour oper In ter ‘ord, we ae engaged in creating ridge cores und In opening sew bid publics and areas of sroggle "Te ests Tv bon acing ere ile the aris ofthis engage ret In some of them, I Rave writen with my acti vie in he Foret Here, Iiypclly adres a expert pte «qn oui. nrg» ens‘ity and an agenda hat vgn eure. Tis ithe ease in "Whats Cita tout Creal Tiny?” where make a emis fray i th mascline hea Tand of Crical Tur, Aner examples "Soliant Singular?” whee Tirade a oil emit pepsin no debts about pag ad ib ss Tn ter ess; my exert wie takes he end. Here, adress trea sefeions vom epson pb led commited omy police ease “Tis ithe casein" Women, Welle, andthe Polis of Need Interest Tac and storia reve stay ofthe frat and foconing of nem ‘ensue networks of scl pate vaving te metal reson orauangeculogy is obiousy 2 unig an org approach ctu 1: groupe eter phenomena that re sul het separate and separates pe ‘mens th ae aly proupe ogee It oes iy aden. OF PONE {© adore, lo a numer of meoologial stages at can te hened 1 tracking” “raceing’ of ous, not Focal’ terme it sito with he phenomenological adston fo hich he so Aol, he Would Subs eee fe Neverels the term sages of he sot of sel sspenson of San- ‘ar ctegors an probleme athe practices i shoud ley be apparent for example at Rca’ apache stay of powered gies oped the egres uay or tuiedogy. I sped, that the rob f pesto tie, Focal simply oes oak pe qe ‘hn of whether te anos egies be ss poi knoe ha i any seme tv or warranted aut rund, Intent sein epistemic ‘omen, be dures knowledge pedton procure, pois, pos "Thisrakting of the polemaic of psec justification I sascepile ox variety of cons. tan be acer tly hese ané provisos an, irl 8 lang open the question whether such jsticaon pose t,o, n what coi, Alera ca be son less ily 83 ‘Shs, panied commen to some version of epemolgsal clara Iavsm. Te veka evidence fs condo though he preponderance Beta ar may, Foals views on eptemic ustifcaton a a yp mary concer ere, Mare whe pst anther sof backlog oe that Pe Sin ote probleate of norma json. Foot lms wo spe ‘ch sti a his stay of poverowlede regimes. He ase des mt tite ap the question of wheter not he ares contain Iden pacts, ‘ines, pocres, an apatues Re mcies ae legit ro he {sis rom roblentzing tbe norms val of powerhnowlege reps” ‘Amber of ery portant qesons ase coacring the ae ale of Fons acai ofthe ormaive. WM eta 5 end Scope? Deer Focal mend fo surpend one parcalr normative fuer el. ames the framework of moter epi thery, whose cena ae Fes ar thw fightin, overly contact, and oppression’ Ti me tort dsingubes Betwee, onthe one had, te lepine exert of oe ‘on power wich stay with ts fied by fp nd on te the. the ‘teptinte execse of sch power bch ranges hese Hrs, Vols ‘hand is ths ope. When Foca ecg the me of be coop ‘eptnacy and lptmay from geesog, dees be mean tele ely se ‘itera ore? Or erate Fou rackting of the oman rather Tyo? Des einen suspend mot nt era! Framework ut every Po Inne framework wbatcver? Docs he mean he wil racket he probit eet seston spicier In ee ae, odo Foscaulsprctined Imcnton are wid hie acl practice of gneiogy? Whatever ls be ‘mgs oe workin fat suspend al peal ns rol the eal one? arthrore, whatever the sop of Mckeing, mts haat? I Fo cats bchtng of the nomative ney a mednogcl SEW. 2 temp tary ews ated at ming i pose fo sce the plow nfs ee ‘tre? fs, then t wou lve pen he posit 0 Some subdue nore Tre ascasen of powermt regimes. Or aenatvely, des Fouts Tracker ofthe normative reeset substantive, Piped commentohic curl eave, othe impoestlty of aormave sien cs fewerhowledge epimer? "Tose questions ve enormous ingore othe teretation ad ses rene of Fossa’ werk. But thant, and age, do ete ey than in is wns To opin to untangle therm, wil be acest to lok more ‘Sonya the ata cont se hema of his genealoia hd. 2. The Genealogy of Modern Power Foucault's empiric! sy of mar cet focuses 0 the question of tem foe and emergence of dincvely moder forme of power His hs es a ‘oc coisa eat in art, the developmen and operation fa ra iy new xine of pomehaonedge, Ths epme compre roses, rc ‘hes abject of sghy nana ses nd, above al frms of Sv and obi Snsta ha ifr mare fem hose previous ees. Motz ower one carer powers acing 0 Fea, hao a, ominous prctiv, cpl. an ext. Thi 10. pst a8 8 Consequence of te cicumsance in which soe, Fooca cams that te Ines powertowledg regime wis mt impose frm they down bu eel (ped only sadly in oa, plsemes fon ingly what be als“ ay tations Bening i he Inte epee cen. A variety of mccchaiger wre efededby obser dacton, wares, ad shots ‘erin obscure spl, pone and schools fr emoved foe ge poser ‘ote ofthe ancien rime Only nr nee tse echoes and pracces {ake up and tgate no wtFoucult als “loa or macs of ‘demnaton”" “Te diplnay institutions were amg the fs ofc the robles of pean, manapemen, surveil nd col of ge numer of pers {ey mere the ists tht to faethe problems hat would eventual become the consti probleme of mae goverment Hence, he acts td ‘ie they ponecrd sin Fcal view, define of mae power. Fuca devrites «vant of mew diary macs al paces “Tne for hich be bet Kno de repr “he gae" The ge was 2 Teche of poweoowiege at ested ministre o manage hem ‘wna poplaons by creaag and exploiting a new kindof vis. Adio sor organized these poplatos 0 hat they could be sen KROWE ‘ile, and ts comlle®. The pew vsbty war of to Kinds, ecg 1 Fst jon and ining, “Syopc vy mas promised on architectural an opizatoal anova: ‘ns ha made onan ineligible overview ofthe poplton nto there [loos among element x exemplified inthe dep of prsom ater Be ‘ams Panoptic ngs of tack cols ecg ace observa owe), inthe separion of hop tints acing ei dans, andi the a ‘gts con pe tel est fl Thaiidaing vs, on the ter hn, sine at exhaustive deta ob- servation of individ tc abr an toes. Foe cams tha his Wi iy sucoteded im consti he nl for be st ine a "ease" tulancoaly anew objec of ing ad a ew target of powe Bath ings of gs, ypc and nding, were micopacties ishing ew process of proton of ow kosledges one kinds of pow They Combined scene bration of populions nd intl, and heer 2 ne “ince of man, with svelnce’ This ink depended up thease ‘Sarco the fv onesonl the scent or warden coh the inmate trot vice ven. This mot sing i the case ofthe Panoptic. Becasehe nection of bit dened he inmates Kore of when nd wher they mee stall being watched made fen alee gze tnd in feet rel hemalres Les ony, the forms of enti thn nah insttion eile hl apt and po cles i ery spot oft experience Foot woul nt howeve, ive ws conc hat the ebjetipng bean Jor senor have tone on he we ofthe gare a a mlcxechngue of ‘mole poresknowledge, He demonstrates he sil Fnctoing of wha be Gisthehamencutes of he pce" Paces Iie psichonmalys, which ‘rstttetheinvidal speaking subj ae thanas hair bet ao ievlve an ayer, seca vl perhaps ome shold a {Bbliy, The pode ofthe dncurse define neapable of dope {ui dependent upon alent emetic autho" Here, too. teres 3 tice we of eoeteon oct Kaowedge ad of knowledge cone “The importa for Rose f microphase gaze ar wanceds shir pace te istry of ely Sip nations. AS td ete, they fre among the fest respntes the problems af population manapemen tat Ins came fo define oder goverment. They were evenly ied in [Bot pata steeples od oettions, bul even a eit ery pia Ferm Bey evince a mmber fe alma fa sine moder power Tecate hey cine power pete cominously. dpi tates ani ipa ner decopment nthe pnclogy of aden power Panta save tne in epet ey fleet rom prmaers power mechani. Te liter operated conical ete an eure te presence of 0 enti apy eee, Mem pomer a ft eloped ciphers: ‘he. he her han equ no ch presence replaces viens and fre rar the “gener srt ferred sbi. Modern pws, ‘hens dstictne oth ep ow pile has monet ofthe specaslar ‘Solas carci ofthe exe of power athe ancien rine, isomer inont tah economily, sce egies es aor power. a anil nei Tes cay tree or ressance Yeti mre effieaioan ive connection tithe soil eens mde powe capa scoring o Foca ofa Cuhauive ann oft objects deed of he ni sacl body Its meer Tenonat aor Bind, or does ke Mt or mis a heart fepimes AS 2 ‘ul of ts sper blonde more pencting tan eaters of power I gts old of ts abe athe deepest evel~in het gestures, habits Ress and desis. Pee poset on te ole and oul ie oly Perfil and fom ae Moreover modern power asst eelpe i i Diary mires, cnt esely stated some cena pesos Seto oh ar King sovereign, ring cls, ste or amy. Rat, clenwhee.Asthe deci of pant ef surveil demons 8 ‘ena urgetsthmeve, ne beds, gesture, desis abd MIS ‘ter weds as Fora fen 5ys, den powers eapilry It des note {nae fom sme eal sures bt heats ogo the ei sil By ‘Sonn weve he tne and appareiy most vl exten "ker in comtmaton, thse characteris deine the eprtion of modern overt what Fossa cl sf amplifying Inthe eget ko ioe Be power othe ancien gine Te interoperate With soo speak Ged !soant of force ati dps expended tha force via what Fowl ll "eduction (lemon? i singly coupe el woe opposing fret tnt sug 0 liane or mime them. Maden pet, on th ter hand ently augments nd ieeass sow force in he couse of texte. I ests not by neeting psig forces bt abet y wig eb inking them up ane ps winsome." Hence, the pantie meh ‘ni kes he mae within the pinay ecomomy and males ee eras att suppressing er bt rather tcl eee hice wha Foucault calle "doce ad fal er" Bortowing Mares tobe, may be ad ht whens rerodem power fnctined 2 ym ‘exe silo repotucion moder power onze expanded repose caus description ofthe esipinary eis of aden poner ise try ich nd cone, He proud lin the way of etl acount of the pocewes whey the la piecemeal micuchnaues were grate no tl macrotis. The alle acon of hat the one fan volume | [thi Mors of Sealy Tee, otal Sc te morn meray ‘tte Bloomer concer the mannercat of he rdcton ad ‘rotation of ie in modem sos. evan to such a aj pow rhoowlege append ely objeies hese Scrosorces obese, cated, and conte. wes new gua {resell iene tcigos wo cout atalye, pet, ad presi Wao make ie of widely coating nonganaive Ghcnuree aboot sexta ‘whe rigs Focal es othe nterpctation seaman of te ‘nhs Tae Lectures of 1979 Foucault inked his work on bio power the robiematc of polis atoning, his etme ofthe development Sn te of sci sence as a strane of population eure anager {nol eontl is ceary elite moe fan este of mesa {r+ proces of raionalirsion, Bl fre soe sing ant Yery pon it Terence, Wheres for ler weiter th concaps of aionity an raonaiston fave twosted ormatve chara n Roca’ wage yd tn he Sought of Fen Heras, for example, raoaliaton inves a coma be "west insruentlzatonwhich is aenesisf, part and inset aon ‘lasion~ anda fuller praca, pola raonaty. reo cars hi hrm andar for eiging mod soem, Fours cussion of o- Tcl aot inte Tae Lect, on the ther hand, onan 0 sch ot tr ann poste normative ple. Raton fr hi eh otal romenon ot (moe fen) an nero of mio tu court 3 The Pllc Implications of Genealogy Fucus picture of dstinsively moder poe that function at the epilry level via plurality of everyday meropactie ies numberof gna alia inplstons, Some of hese a sei ad sone we erative, Coase hat Focal analyses that mode power totes indie ‘als gh the vaca forms of conse oat of ek sca paces ‘ater tan pial thegh he station of hei Beles. Foal anaes ths pointy cling tht power sour odes, ot in or Beads, Pu esp tone, he means ha races are more fndamentl than tee tens ‘shen comes to unerstaning te hl ht powers 0 flows fra his ie tal the aa nd ekg of sch paces ae rity vee aay amd erie of eo. cal’ sight hs endo Fil ot at neat rade eso fly eng sb reel. Mune othe sail ely of moder pve les ot tat he view hat ‘hea be aproprare cbjeive material condone on Fain hing at ‘angen the way of scl change peopl enol Stored preton ‘finds an tress When st ths ly 5 qustomable wher Sayone seal bode his ew Stil Foca ii min the Pony of asics ia tefl correntv othe pte one sheds of even more 5 ‘hae version of the pics of tly cre "A seco atc tation of Foca nah ow thecal car ter of modern power once fh aoa of steered and economic [tcl onetons Sucharznaon ate tat power emanates fr oe {becshr or oth ofthese coal pons Sie But Fecal’ deserpion of‘he polymorphous, onan cclation af pore dough miropraices eles {hi astmpton sb, ate a poet everywhere and fn veo Shows that power ts pet nthe ne opprey val dels eons ‘teveyiay ie ie copes, nda ambi, parle ty chambers and wiry ntlltons, Feacal's view eee ues ou St centere une cinco retains. Iu ot 5, te ‘te thatthe sere an anfrmaton of ete anor economic power mould [Stele wo dsnane or tuner emotes power gine ‘These wo satel polis mpicaton of Fuca emia work an be ‘combined and sted moe poseey. In reveaig he eapllary charter of mx ‘nove an therey ing nt cafe logy eigae stim, and econo fiom, Foocal canbe unto neff ling wha fe alle 2 tic everyday Ife” rf pve istated in manda soil pr ‘io nd lana, thn fort mune o amor the gine ms a restos rates and rebtions. “The poly he single mont portant fae of Focal’ hog He ovie the empirical and concept afr Went sch pheaomena ss ni, he fm acho, prety, mein, social slence, and he ke plitca tenes. sanctons the teient of proses in thse reat 3 Pola! robles. hs widets the area within whch people may cole ‘rely contont undead, td ek change te carter of tees There ism gusto hanes move o widen the Boars ofthe political areas hs ‘een under nthe Wes once th 19 Foca has ery bees inaeoced ty tanh, inn, eipe oBatres rp and conceptual Inthe freoingcontiraions of plieal sity has bot taken for ru that be moter poser epme undesirae an ia aed of sang {nd anformaton Bat ht ston persis seal oe oma po Tiel implications of Fuca genesopeal deseo, Ii thee tat ere ave noted ser ines tht in oct’ acount mode pver it a 3p ped co nine bythe sat or sori a3 top-domn fathom. Rate, Selateseveryher, een teh the ies cpl of he ail Bay I {ons trom hi clare Foaca,at te casal ber noeasive cones tecwcc eptimate sn illite power iet adequt othe area et [mer The lina ameter anerans power sb carting fom the sve "pn ad posing el upon theses. cies wo define a posers roe af ‘ions the onctnon of wich ima, Melia power i underood ‘rope, eel uneraoo a he raneprsson of Hut ocr everyhre an doesn cmaate fo an ou oi oe ireton then ths bra framework wl nt apy. Free, iene Splicabtiy, Focal claims har the rier fds vee by his Ts rancor may elt ta pa of the capil depyment of od empower: This couse may anton, nother words 19 mas he acl ha oer of maern power a ths wo conceal domination = scl tha wth hi as charge oct as croed the ine betwee on esl an sabe normaie sali sig he ere onan athe ‘Se tine hit es rling ote ier normative amen apps hat be {e pesoppeing some aerate frames (will css he guestion a1 ‘iat hm igh bei he next section of ths paper) However comet, Fo Cul empincal esis a modern powers cap des nt by sede {fe adpton of ny paralar norma Memeo. At most, ues one ‘dna bao he ber ne “hss rss wth espe othe normative pal implications ‘Focus ist no the poste an cf ampiying character of moder foc sini it sentation what eal expanded epodcton. “Tis insight bles what Focal calle "be repressive hypothe." Thay Petes sme ht power ction eealy negates tough Sch ope [tones imerdton, censor, and en Power inthis es sts 0 ‘lps to mint are dfn ari desis, ne, tt and pech, Bat ow ‘ul sight, der power is ely ils in producing al hese Wing Hisempineal acount us out epee hypothesis ad the Heras po Titealonemato suppers Mao, whichis mow rer widespread the Wo aime a Ubering what ower epee Tater “ile” spech, de ‘Se ard att exgesions opel revo No oly does Foucalt eet ‘tae nado othe te are of mser pome, bu oce ain he SAEs that ia etre of he deployment of made power o poet Ueraoist ‘daca, once aan to mask he al fencing of omiaaton Inulin st he reese Fp, Foucault ling ot he aia or nave framework, whch tite he cota "ropesin vera ieraton’ forthe ber cot "eptmy vers egitina.” He bas inked bot | these famenosto the fanning of what ees 8 Sorina. p- Pears therefore, hat Focal mate preroposing some skernve mera Framer iow What ight hie Be? 4 Unanswered Questions concerning the Normative Dimensions of Foucault Genealogy eis my tess tht despite be imgetan contbtons fo the say of moter Socios, Foucault werk nde up i ee, inviting qursons ta is ve {unl acgupped to anwer A nit esp of my ne of azuent hs ont il clay wha ean by his alga have med tht ucla est he cima eit pail at power egimesbe touch and denied strapon at ey Fee examebe interrogated Inmet fom te tera Sandi 250 hellegitimacy ortega. hae also aed that the wse of this eto stay permits imo gue a perspcuous scat of the energece fhe mod Em poner regime, a ct that tr Dp to ht ome negleted fe {uct ef the operation of perm modern ies Ferthermre hae sued ht [Foucault's sssun of maden power coesties pond pounds or mcg ame ‘ily widespread ssp and arma plical eventos ad fo loping instead he sundpin a "pols of every ie 'At the same tie, hve left open he question ofthe nae and exteat of Fogel’ braking ofthe problematic of normative json of power “now reies Ihave nots indcatons ht his descpion of ern ‘erin fc nol nomately metal, U hve oot yeti pred ‘hese. now wish oop hse qeston by looking more lst the p= Incl engaged character of Foucals work. "et me gn by eting hat Foals wring band wit sch pases a8 “te age of bo-powe', "the dscginary soit "the crea archipelago’ — phases rife, tht hominy overies Tmo me hat oar Jes bo srink fom frequen re of rich ee a oma’, bug’ aad ‘bj deeing the moder poverknoladpe reine. Acsoring he ‘mun outline of his expo canbe clingy rested flows fn Cry ‘nose ptod cloned pinay itttons epsom preted arty of Inechanisns fo the faction and wbjastion of individual aseismic ob Jfetsand as rats of pow These ehnigues and fe aaa f devi 1 docile and tefl bes 1 e ener in he socal machine Later hese Feces were exported beyond the confines of tht instal itipacs {nd wore mae he bas for pba eae of domination smd he to ‘Thninteaton fe, Vaso dacouner hat ave scenes oppose ime vein fact supose it in part by masking is re charac Pat sway rs leat Poca acount of power a mer soit it saying but neal an uongaged. How, hen, dd he gt othe sspesion the question ofthe legacy of modern power is engaged equ of ‘oper? Tiss the robe | wan to aes, “Armumber of ose explanaons ome o mind. Ft, one might ead Fos clei plscaly engaged yet somehow al ormsively neta One Pgh thas itrpet is acttg ofthe aormaive a covering al pote) rms, ot jst th eral ons. tarry of itv, Four ise ‘ope tis interpetaon, He cin He has poached power setegcaly and mila. nt narmaely. He says be has sisted fe especie of war ‘hi coat betwee sagged sbmisson, fe tht of iM, ih Son ast between pity and ileptinaey.” Tn is imerpreatn, Foca se ‘tthe rmsd, "sabjagaton and son would be ormaiey nesta: thse tems woul ply be descriptive ofthe stg igmment and tmdes of pean ofthe aus opposing Frees in he modern wor ‘och an ierprettion i open oa amber of guztons, weve. usually the case fat strep miliary anal ey thevasos posing ses inthe Stops. They are capable of seifyng who domingo bjaaing whom ‘Sn who i atsing or tits whom. Ts Foul doesnot onde, eves its possibly. Hea at is mending 1 think of ower a3 Property tht oad be pst by soe pron o clases and at hers intr beter concited sa complex, fing eld of eltons in wich ev ‘yon ra element.” "This lim does mo sre, tcl speaking wih the Atta Foes sem tines 1 lk power wi le deaton a 0 imply ace (cen clement of the ateadant Marian economic eration No does ‘are with hs eneney to dently Sh apa gets a cl sks, ‘etnologsts of tehvit, and hemeneasts ofthe pee with te “ores of But wher or he does or can ifthe Feces of domination ad hore ‘te dite, thes hth oem ued toa sot mor theo her, lary rns in cod cl: he lary wae Som Ino’, "raglan submission" cant, In a of elf expla or ass tyne prefer foo conminento be ides opposed thes os ‘Shi can o uncertain ter fo reristnce to domination. Bat why? Why Srugle peteable to sobmisin? Why ovgt domino tobe rex? Only ‘rhe todtn of rormatve ions fsx hind could Foal Begin © ower sich quinn, Only ni be inedstion of normative ion old he ‘intel whats wrong withthe den ponent rep ed hy se cunt oppose it scm, hen, a the ssunpin at Foe rq is engaged but 0 ormsive cents serous fis fr him, I wal praps be beer oa ‘Sone that he rt baceted every normative framework But oly the Hera ‘eth one bed ley In ht cs, comes eset 0 dco ‘rhcaleratve normative framework be prepping Cou he gue of ‘Srna, sup, stop, and estance be lnapete mteseeon ‘ome sltasie famewoet? ‘Ah hiss erty theoeilpossbiiy, Tam uae to dev it conc Hind cle a oc’ wtings eo what hs alee noes ‘night be see 20 hin aso how cnc to intepet ‘damian, ab {ie abet’ ands fr in wome completly new postive” fh fen Ths spot to deny tha hee es acquire ch empl Cnet fn Fuca’ dscrpuen of dpinnry power: domino example, comes Ile dg, ch ver we an po the prodocton of "aor," conforming, ied nid: Bat sch poe {an oe meaning acon and extensions ae aon and of emees a- ‘Rouse labora of a ny new norma ew, They oo,‘note words, sutce wl us psy whats wrong wth iin in terms ‘ely independ of he era arms. On the conta, ormaive force seem to depend up cit ppl the nots Hh iit. andthe ike Traggesed eae ta Fouts semetines seme o press that macto- ‘steps of gol domination such ti power ae conc with cass Jom ination an that he Mr coon of he ner x aly ig. Coa it be then, that be is presuppose the Marsan normative framework? is urate ‘se of hat framework. at les on oe wey acetic at ly Ssped al era oes. Rater pesppss taste of hs ‘ig of expat acl and prac elas. For example Mar eo ‘rater ht lthogh the contact exchange of abr power or wages papers tobe symmeteal and fe, i fat i ssymmcncal ad coerce. He ir a, tretoefly sispendng he aren norm of ioc and feed. Pe taps Foucault olde rea in sitar fabio, Pras he ot ly spendin tas mer reippsing te very ber noms esis i escrpton f| ‘och bciinary mercies ashe gaz, fr example, woul thea have te force of demonstation tht arn scl esc ae, ower mach perp te eutal an powefine, in fat aio involves asymmety and corcon “This eng of Facts we one am sr he would have rected. Ye it ie some play one cones he diay, carer, socket) ‘scrim Dsciine and Pansh one asks what cracls rong with Sooty Kaan nos leap immetatly to mind. Whea cotomed with the treatment of pons sly as cans tht re cosy manipled by varios Sttiron, one canst help bu peal such coors she vin of ‘iy an anor. Bat api, tes Kantian abo re cle rola 0 he Trl norms of psimacy and ilepimacy fied nes if its ad gh. ‘ise oor mame ames r pparet in Focal ings, is et unesnoable fo asume tat he Ira framework ba ot een lly pede. Buf is, Fouls engi ar ought oman, Fre, ‘tenor than Mars dso et ater a inl) an estuent of “The pint osm tht Focal cntadis Nmsel Raer hat be oc npr cae he miersand, set when i comes 1 Bs om ‘tua, te way that oe fnston sca escrito. He sae ha be ‘an pug ll races of ral fom hie acount of der power sy by Fereaig expe een tthe ipo. iceberg oon of leimacy and Mgitinacy He sme, ner words fa hese norms ane ety ited to exc fo he are cla nd ingusic mats io whieh they ae i td: He fas appreciate degree o which the normative eed in ad In sed troghout te whole of lnguge a every level an the dist which, ‘epee hsm cig has ke ero mas of erin, ner prction, ani Jaden fomid win the moter Western moraine tron” Tens the, tht one ofthe endings fered ee eves Fa ety ‘execs. Wet rene ims opening every orm ae Wak nl te tel ow, even Lp hone. pe! Wi nnswerl sn pepe smavca gusios ecase be fais 0 cone tnd yrs ay sgl cosas egy, be ed Wh ces Alpen ord wis desspton, Marea ren, nd Kato wor ip Tuan ash npr eps notetianing eon ce oe Fact oak ora cofes Tieton oth ef con tae ome concept tigi ie Fost toson of power Tl concep el an a of ‘eurliy and ngagaer ae orange, sein at pes prob {Rec ow epee Torn per ae sppse th hs wos mem ial ci sb se sampling ac of» inte) den poe. Bi i wh ley an equ, Foc matress rede {ip ts coc fu of al poner a ch He iin ha ot jt Imei epee per epee, and sais asinine ‘Zora paces, aig ne ens te pec of th Ee Sp tesme cea, eld and since form of Me oie heme, Novepme sly pc Fon a make he cone iy ro pate form of ica tn wou wer Power ee ut 0 Salpaccs, tinted ange ngs Ilo. n his em havo can eject fom fe npy ome gun ot pow Inka, Toners pain nlnial, an theorems etal Mow stn vice tate ses? heemsto me tl down a conmcion tte ce) mel pin ae red (2) pace goeing norms oso cosis ade ‘Bing, and) ech sors nl ony sna hy conta, Tope tse the acme nply nom comet have sol pte thot cosas ‘Sete, ene et da ona ce gist on ‘Satara. vow sania onentwentetcentiy egy. i ipl or ump o Habra aca of hewn hich he sce petoman fay apech ct presses arms of eu, congrehnstliy, Func and appopisne Sich mom make commencaion posible, tot ont y dean trig ot ere pose nd beta wean: hy ths hoa Foca eth tra psy an itinnity cf power mets. pone ea xa eat permanent ‘esr cor ith Fens age? some ese HE ‘festa unc te poserhnwige able enone tio ‘formed for Knots i, eters ht Slane valoiesome sntement forms and deve others and he i nls sail asin ‘onal iersing of knowledge cama, easing at salen ates ‘ome spe: to make cera Kinds of speciale! Knowledge css nd x ‘ds ers rosa cing hese te esr of hing et by power en the hss that powers podcine,slinabl, an there ware eu. ‘lis unobjectonaie But Foucault's pomernowlizeresimes abo include phenomena of the sort They ic or of one an over coro in te extacon of k= ‘lee frm and shot persons a ah in he geting beet. studs pe toms, forthe applet of oly moe sale ways. These phenomena rf Tee lamocuus and far mone menacing That he rin ripen tet inant apparent Sof hey ae wha meant by ores thn te chin a power i product, feininale, and teeore normaly weal s phy questionable ood err that Fuca noto fa powering regime covered a hiphiyheteropeeou collection of phenomena, Now appr ha te cia tes concerning te ormaiedmebon of his work tem af eat prt om theron. The pole that Foucault cls to many feet sors ‘ngs power and sil Teves it at ha. Granted al eal pracices vce matt hae cont of very offre ide a he ‘ands any of eile! aomatve espns. Grd the cn be 9 soil Fractics without power tat docs fallow that ll fms of power ar nt Inve quale orth any sei paces ar ax good ay ete Indl, Iisa to Forse’ on poet at be eae disingus eer ‘ore sto practies and frm of onsite hs eis reer norma {ve estes than be ones, "The pol can so be pt his may: Foca wets a hugh he were b= ‘oust the existence fhe we body of Webern Social hry wih cartel Sinctons between sick oie ator, ec, vee, dion, ae Teptimaton, Phenomena ha ae capable of ing tingid tous such eneeps ar sinpiyInged get under his catchall ence of poet” Asa enone he fetal fora toad ane of normative nantes Is sen ‘dered and he rest certin oamatveone-dmensoaliy, Tieond eater har tough Fouls genealogy of mole owes was ‘eed ote stay of morse 5 raonalzatin, hte as on ey I ‘tan ieee, Ti fleece was Foca’ ack fay bipolar orale ota compartie to. ay, Jurgen Habermas corns btween 3 prt a ‘resid isrumenal ronal, on the ne han and alle pact, pot ical aoa, on he or Rnd, The consequences of his ck are now mere filly apart. Bocatse Fourth no as for stigscing, forex ferme of power that ive domination frm hoe that Jo nk be pps 0 mda onesie whoee eton of modernity sich, Furthermore, he pens oon without ay concn of what ro replaces Te fc, Fecal vil between wo eal adequate stances, Oo te one and be aos one of ower ha emis is a conto of any ‘Sheena fetts of vera sot, Bat a he seve time and ote the ‘and hi het betray te conse ht moder oii re ter} wit ‘scrig fees Clary, wha Fouad, an ees desratly aenor ‘ave clea for dsingusning tose from aarceptate forms of pone. [Asi stan po the ungoeionsbly gna and sauale dimensions of his ‘rn stand i anger of beng meno for ck an ae aoatne Pest 1 ge en gy mn cn wt er ees ay nm Caso Pe (then NY. 87, Eri chs pena accng eee ae ‘Pen oA Set Si ee 1 erm i te it Stn ero net oO To sete, ey a io santo at ctr ‘ine tte penta norman ieee). Mice oc Bron Seca and Face aa ef nd ah Pp na ct" sch he feof Pe 68 ind Ph 3-8 28 ‘eh Dep an ot 32 $+ Rech, iw on ter, ty en enh sri, Teme Me foc" Ey Pomc” Te Mr Sat 19 8 pie ot osc, ine at i 18setter sat os SN pc ah tat rem a ea Rar” he ye 1a $n Ls Pend Spe 1 Bon bc a hoon ap ane Chapter 2 ‘Michel Foucault: A “Young Conservative"? In een cso of postmnderiam, rg Habermas eer to Mitel Fiscal as a "Young Comervatve." This epet was anallision the "OW ‘rate evllonres fnerwar Weimar Germany a rp of al at ‘role nels whos mune nla Martin Hesegpe Est Jing. {GaSe ané Hans Pye T cll Foacaut "Young Conservative.” ten Wasa him af eltorting What Habermas all iol eta of ‘eniye Sachacatige conn to Hater, x oth hore paradox iGtand pally sap theoretically panos tease cnt bel terse presuppose sme of the very mn categories a ites ica to have upsets oily sspct becuse ims es at Slee fhe poles moder setts than aa rail re ‘fn madenty a sch sum, is Habermas conecon ht ahous Fos ‘Sls cq of contemporary clue adsociey purports tobe posoder. {Sat hest mer and at wort aioe "As Tabenas sacs te, he oe Betwoen him ap ural concems thei respecte since ied mney Habermas ets is ow stance 1 ch atton of daft vocal rem that ras rr) art te rons ‘Shel This radon anlyer mserization a a two-sided stl proses tn iste hat kbouh alpen analy issled peer rms of Shminaton a atesd. ge of new an sido for of OF ‘Te mprtant ings th ton, om Habeas po of iw, a he ‘hg sets tpt from he al ito in wich he cae Foe tt [toes nt eet note mdn nl and mprations whose tose‘uaz rcs Inte, ees wopesere and ented oth the “ea ‘Story pu eid he Elgon an at mover el ac ‘rercomingprenadcen forms of domination chen whe irs the od Fens of mer itis, “Tis, bowever, clams Haberman he stn of aca Foca be longs ater to ration of eects cam of mera, one which i Clade Neseche, Medes. ad the Franch pores These wes, nlite the dalesican wth whom Haber ene, xp awa teak ‘dhe Eighteen Inthe oe eae x posible the "tlie {tae so tatu aga el Not content to eae the contin ecween moder are and der ey, they eicize even the consaie rms of modernity, resting the very comment oh, rata. and ‘redom ta sone mate enue posse ‘What ar ne fo ak of ht iy shag tack on he most pot of be French potas ty the leading expe t of German Catal Ther? ‘rte one hod, Haba’ ciel of Focal ics ou ate seen ery important iestons Where does Foucault sta vib the political ‘els ofthe Engen? Docs he eet he prot f examining he Bek tind practices and intitions hat arate the posites of sia ie i rd to rng them nde the conscious collective contol of ran eines? Boss he ret the concyion fila ony that ht pj appears 0 ‘resippore? Does pie 2 al beak wih he Ton standing Wester {tion f emancipation via anal fection? Bion thc fer hand, cena Hiker’ risa detour ateton such ucstons, nds nt sol he sot of ing that neko ase then, ln fac, ikem formulation 0 enemas permit aj ‘sof he ses. Tevet he posit Ht the argt of Rac’ Thue may no be mde sinpicer bt, rather oly one pric compe- femt of nancy a miaem of pace and scoune tht Fecal al hamanism” Moroter, bes a mepertant urston By assuming that one ‘tot jet bumanion tot a ejecting ser. Fly, jumps he fun wih the lari upposton haf Foca rejects enero” or {ondaonalstie meters of man conse and values, Hen be ras be ejecting these ences ad vals ently "All hen, Habermas he ae to pci and closes he pouty of posing to Focal ore mance nd rally press stot ‘estos Assuming tha octet sided humans,” hen what {Sly and whi alation wo modesty more Boal conceived? Does Focal really mean jt humans and ifs. fhe on wht pounds? Des hej forcrampe on sty oncotal nd poeple Probe th the hamsns vocal nll med in apes Carson Ftaphysic? Or tert Fal et Manion step rnd ier words, ds he conten ht tow 3 Raman plc wance may ce tive hd eanciptry fre when mar 8 maser of opening te premiers Ferme of doncato the ancien rpme, his ro longer the case? Das Be fhe tink, stg, ht apts aman vale in he present cone: toes fa dscourage ined, mst promote new ules od Em forms of Sian? Or final, dos Focal eject mais on or {ve poo? Ds he od thal he hans pj nisl ese? [shumanism, in is iw simpy afrmal oe doiaatn ot cour? Haterma oh fae or fing 10 ask sue questions. then Fossa nat be fated fr falling anor he. ft postion Mgly abi ‘Sou: oethe oe had, be eer dey pomoanee i vor of tonsm san Scrnve to dtl soil cael Bato he eer Band, swings ‘Shoo wth al dvies that conve econ ides, Moreover, en fis gener eiiance ose the hectic presoposions noring ‘ves, sot suring ths Foul fs isu nog th arouses ‘trejetonsn Te jt one. On he con. eds conte concep tal sei and mate argument pant amass "frie ambigis fave poen ie an iteesing vergence sang Fou aul ier one Ut ters ety onthe convey spared by He ‘eras, Hecate Foust’ teste cout secs of pilowpicl strc {nu pola soning tht sacepble o varios rejection inert: ‘St este he conceal, ate and noemaivedmeason ofthese ae not “Megstely singed, erate have tended 1 sea on one of aot of the cement ate by tothe whe, Davi Hey, for eae, has mere Fovcanit sia my tre, « merely concep or poopie reco of mans te readers have ano aie ake i Be, agin oy teens, a merely sate ejections of hunni: an Huet Dryland Pal Rano hate pat the rons contraction ofall on Foal ang him fin ay rma, &sbeae, normative eects of haraist vaes* “The: tle, at the man, roetypelntrpctaton of Foam ex {an Gy by cll examining thom sam we hope fo pet the om ofthe ung Conserve" coaroves. wba flows sal consi each of thes the intercon of Fou oul Tsao be dzty concer, bower. wth he question, Who spo Foal igh? oheve tat aca dos wot ely Rae sig coast ona tha there some teal cite in fv ofeach ang more ‘ret 1 do at wish ert ete whe hi the blance af sachin es, My ptinary cicero wil be the sasantvehaae bomen Foucault and He eva {sly freee ss more pecs and prey than Tk Haber s done anf bein aan hem. MY feu, hea, will te following probe: Which, ty th vara sors econ hatcan be tit to Focal desl nd defensible seratives othe sort of data acl exam Habermas emir? ne neo edig of Foca is premised on he ssunion ht— pace aber ec foundational o ives meaplsopical ‘erpreaton ofthe human eal of moder snot cesar 0 et ' reels research ground pla the Second eating everthing 25 "stad ing revere,” or esourec o be nebilzd within a techlogeal rc). Buon (he hha abate same time he “age of ateoplogy as read a ous experience he min hank th research plan nd bjs, ad he ‘il tat ls themobiton of snc eerve Tis bjectieaon ad ts ‘ubjctieaon. sys Heeger ae two ses of he same on. Humanist ara {estriol a worst compl in thkig ey can sole the poles of mo tm cute by tert the dominance te sj sie over the cet ie, (Ontological the tn ae exact sae (nn pene” snd "orset- {a level ebay ~ the yerymton feiss put fhe problem. Ba, eiegger noe of his seat sponsor he lotion othe inbumane i Ss ame rte a finding a ihe Ses ofthe cen of "man an at e- heey buna” “Those who emplsize Heidegger’ nfuene sues Foucault’ scout of be moder cui formato of hananinm. Human, clams Foal Tal and emi pane ote 03 dine object known a "Man." Man cae imo execs any te nt eighteenth ery nineteenth entry. with he emergence of ne pomeraontege regime, Within and by mean the sail pacts tha rege compres, Man Wasa i conte the pstemie eject ofthe new "hana Scleces” ad as insted as the sje Wo she euped instreat of w kd normalizing power Bah at pion et ands sje of power Man i srange, ual, tide ry or double.” He com an imposibe symbol oft oP bles, on objective, theater scbjeive. Fach tse pols sch 0 eee The ther bt 0 dens, manages oly oot an eoance yc ach a {ae rege th oer Humana hn ihe conrad, easels, e-e-In The Onder of Things Fasc pevies ri forte vsetes of mater anism by ing ee Toms of he Man doublet, Fit, hr ste {rnscndenlonpcal bl, a which Map bah conse te word fem Pinal objets ad's constue nel, an empal bet ean ch i the ‘fori. Seond, he the copiotunhove dbl, i which Mans bth de- ‘erie ace unknown hi adaware tate so detente sts ‘Surge withthe wk of inking His ox ashought and tee ing hime. Fly here lth tase the-orgin double in which Man bh the ear opening fon ich sory unfolds anda eject with 3 sry ‘ada im ach f thse thee dows coi abet pole hat soph auton- omy. rans ed ifn ale of Man As thane who taney com Ses the word, Ma sa meaning giver dlink, As nk fis on Sntouche, eben erage! arated bd Fe And as eing eof soy be ss mca esting. Bat sone oes is sec fu endow Man ih hs ples and vale ant dts he opposing et foe tht does thm. As empirical bt, Man sujet prediin an on {ol ake to fama he is eteraned by nfs. Al asa eing ith {istry ta sates hm, be x emumbered wih easy not propery his "Te humanist plc pot, that of saving he Maa ples the pet of making the sabe ple wumph over he bet ple, of ahicving tony by master a istry nce noes of making so ‘ce nto aet Foun aim, bho The Onder of Things and tooo Iie bsoqene mrngs fa the prot promised 5 on the “abject Sverinty f Manis sl-teting, scone, a can ea pra ‘ev nly to oman, Only completely new configuration — possi ‘oe that no Tonge pes thi are Man doublet ut athe, sme om Pty eet cero oa “The reoiig of owca as 2 ely plsopbial reject takes the rigs afer The One of Tang woking nt he cl imptctons of the Pnlesophial coor humans, Dp and Pas see soci Ue tabocaon of test side of Mahe fs volume of he History of Sex {land sore pses ke “Tra and Sabet hoc he fabian ‘tthe sujet se" Wheres 4 umanst might be expected citi te ob [tinting of Man nthe ame of subject, Focals work on sexu ately sows that abet is every Da problematic a abjetivy In ‘Ea hecompliciy and yrmty of he wo poles dramatically veveled in two ahr wont, Pre Riviere and Hecline Barbi. each of bse books, Foucaltoxapois the fin eon atjetve discourse of iil nthe fin. annem cer French parce: the Soon nineteen) French nemaphrte) fo te comenpary obecve sland egal courses abot him oer Aosgh never xpi clarified his intentions ia ‘tee fobs, sem seo aume at Foals in ot the bam one of sinking the subjective dbcoure wir agin the eect One Be oy, mst be te ahem in of placing the vo on ap of swag ‘Garey depend on ad egue each thet, tht hey ae generated tpebe ‘iin nd ae trae ofthe nar formaon of moder mans. "When oul’ wrk area in hi wy psi lo et eon nis 8 me cop pale eee oe gn aca cigue, pace Habermas, snot an ack oa he aon of ‘red and eso prs Is ahr ejection of oe contig, speeded ‘lowphic om odie formation in which hse vale have Ie Found tee exgesion. Whats nove and importa i Foal sociale ‘sais reading, fs pd ora coment — da, oral patil porns shamans” in some ners, The nove rather he ep Pingo he clacal oem phils anderpings o tat sone. Fo (huh cende in proucg pecs of Karri at Ss ot nied, tat esp repattesbe sect Framework inal He Familiar guises He eet the nao of progress— na ony in ssl congeae latary Wiggs fm ut als nth tre ea ad soptittd fom In which appears in Maris and Sone versions of Geman Cia! Teo ‘Tus, be prices geste ident of ajtonabl specs of made Ture wither pesoppeing «Hepsi lesley and» wiry saber of irs ‘Sin, berejest the dint between "ea and"admistered ned inerest, wher the former are presumed be pruned in someting ethan "contingent, hist! powertoawlege rp er bckpound a soc pre ‘cer Heb ae, comeqony, condemn ebynale acces wioat pe ‘pporing he naon of stonomous suc. Tus, Dad Hey teats Fs {aus exp politcal wos Dicipine and Pen andthe is vlune of ‘Thetlsoro eral ~aeSononstations ofthe apes thse nah ‘ons and questionable natn." Foacat as shown tha ne does ot ed Dumaismn orn ete pons, sol iene, paeusoprgrame esl Viera andthe Hk ht aman ot th at mod rea sal ed nrc! wring: hat here iia crue aftr Catia. One ed ‘our dain ving up he parol and spr bjt mewn, ne ving up loa necessary the pos of engaged pli ee “isang of Fooault sa merely pip econ is tact: sues the potty of combing someting te Heeger’ and Fowcaal’ postmotense in pony with something ie Habeas moder in [lik thereby bos othe pening prise atone can have ane cake [nea it. One gies pte futons metsinerpetaton of hua‘ales he view tha such aes ae rounded in the ate of sorting (Man, The sbjr indent of aed more ening than ody changing mes of sail practi. One pes up a wel he om in mich humans (rbave had hel casa modem epee’ the terme “aonony'. "sec {hig and self-rating. at oe doesnt phe "Sul tal core of ara, What Habermas woul ell sane ory Yrs esi One simply ses ther tol devices and Sots 0 ‘dewey the same cal wok tha he amano 1 6am. © ‘emi and conden ose forme of men dscouse and practice hat ude the pe of promoting fedom, extend domination. "Ande fromthe question ofthe li of hi reading, i projec ia srs to Foucault een and dese one? Take ta mel ilo ‘lpia eto f humans defensible an dexale ncie 1ery {mach onthe crn poi iowa agenda cn sen ro wide asc f rset work fr example, nate acount of the cont f aon ‘yb Jn Ras and Gerald Dworkin antowan econsractos of Tersm by Rico Rerty and Michal Walz antamanst Yrsons of Marin inci by Loic Alsen dconstve reconeepitisions (of vibe plea” by French piosophersinfsnced by Derrida” Even por oa of Habermas's wrk canbe cen (oder) veson hs proj is “Snamanicativ constuction of Kantian ei, for example, an aterm svat the humans on of som oF some fs Crean tapping onload it hse oma) nile reserving iT) a5 a lnsrumet of scaler: i distin between evolution st Sys an feet encumber hamane of be Hegelian pesppotn ofa metacon- ‘ve abet of Risin and mis "npast Ian anemp to each Mo ‘nani fom te steno othe soy of consumes, "ro cadone in pil te general ora of de Cartesian and egelsizing aman ot ot to esate gest many very importa and ‘opera ly 0 gino spel os the ks ad tna ners ‘wich oacaida meelyplsopical econ of humanism tbe eva “he Among thes ek an standard, Tbeve te adoqnyof wha Fou ‘tha to tym espns the flowig sort af mete aeson: SOP ‘ing one ahandon Funda rondng of humans vas, hen to ‘rat sr of wonfundoali usionon cn ach var ly lm? Ti, Rowers ba gus Foca as never sqarly acd: rate, eb ed ‘place ning ta vals ether can hae oe egies jie tion. And yet hha ot prone ompeling reso fr embracing that xem tet position. “This pus Foca ia he paradoxical poston being unable acount for Js the ort of momatve ola uments hema ll he ie fo ‘ample tht "ascii ra hing. Moreover, aie be ues 0 ‘wheter the ale impli ni unabashedly valve nen designs of sce ‘aly woul, rendre expe, consti a cote ad content stone ‘oemae uo That queson Is especialy pressing. sce Fea hs over, dept tepesed simon, ices mpbed thal beet ft rr orate calok i penne ania rita (ee Char Io his vote) "Be pobems tht rie when we read Foo popountiag «merely uosoptical reecton of humaism a sil dpe Even ise absolve ho {be oni of poocing an acceptable ral her, we ma stil question whee tetas pode a sisficory nonhumans politi retro tht Jos a ‘id oan do ete cil work that amas etre opt odo. We iy gosto, forexampe, wheter Foca’ storey oes he fd {ingasbing ter rom were egies of soil acces; wither ally dos theo ening forms of domination or whether ovroos some odor risecopizs tes: whee realy does the jb of isinguishig ruil From nri accep rom unacceplte frm of resistance to domain: sd aly, wheter telly dos the oof sagging no simply a change Psi ur io what sot of ange dsl ee Cape of is vlome) ‘Tse, ket a among he ppl ws oscil rib, and ty ae aks ‘respect o which Fuca seem might wel be dg deo. Iris worth alight the reading of Fossa x mere pirical Jeon of hams ined he lr ta ead accede ong 3 ‘pees of Kidrrik wit relying on Carson wndepnsings. But ‘mow soon open quem, We oad coed, then, at howeet = thie the general peje, Focal’ enon of merely paso reins, ‘rhe version tat hs bom ated to he by ears he Dad Ho. b= Complete an hence unaired esl, 0 inte the astmpon ttn Foucauls week oe dag witha ejecta ofa Stenger Sor. a | ssond eating of Fossa Hd hit a adton 1 ejecting Raman 0 ‘lsh pounds, bea eject ston seep round. Te edges ‘ovmepndent understanding f Focal onto: crtode ha eee ‘maniam a plc toi and pre tha eloped at he begining of te ‘oleae one 0 oppose wht wee essential premodern ors of domi ‘ion and oppression. ares were things ke monarch abc. the sof treo et cofesons fom min nd spectacles ole ‘cin, In opposition sich acces, Romane sgh mi as on {roples eit proclaimed ae espe ornare, proaood, human {and igh However, the fest was mothe aolion oF mina but ate he eplcerent of premodern fom of distin wth ew, besten‘ly mater one. The ne concer fr namenes fein he development ‘of powefl faery of scl scene technolo ta masely taastomed nd wal extend he scope and pensation of cil col. The stoning {omth and aca bigaioas pend of tee fcnigees smoomed 1 revelation {the very nts of power der cate. The operation of per a 50 "horouphly ransomed eo eer humans teat an dase. The de ‘erat afd forged the ropa spuist premodern desptsm hve 0 fore agai he new mses of domination. Tak of ahs andthe vay of the proms of se en he enemy fot he dep ue seine sca ‘reves nds, atch and eit erm patie oly make igs woe Humanism thn, muse jee on sarge as well as piosopicl grounds, the corn ston, devi of emancipatory foc. ‘Thi reading gives rent weight he aginent of Disciple and Push ‘There, Foal chronicles the emergence of "naan placement of ‘he neath primary introment of mer seca col, This ange cae teat, became, a a rest of th evelopment fa new powehaowlge r= tine tar produced anew abject nd objet of Knowledge and new tage of power nul, Man, Wheteatan err regime ad rouced strove of (re ations (rms cei) an power whose fart mas os. he new {ine sori know and deci charate, orth sol" Tht ne power omledge object wae» Sperone: waste serie esau tha ‘rue nthe fabrication of he "scl boo” (257 Fo the ese oF he po Titel toot bean oir sca organi oe harmony of commune. ‘neve han team bes prion of Fancon an ferences. Nor an tbe anarchy. Tost, eth nancy fhe rch Wel” (27). Totes wars the {ieston ofthe rad poligu rej ie general problema te opening ‘tbe mace ar elaborated y De (2. "Than ie “Ouverture,” Nak ad TacoaeLabrtbe sketch a progam for etikiog te pico the sandpit of deconstrucion. Is progam taints pu digo, far moe thal he pit of Desa wok an fe laters conn comparatively mpi eit remars t Ces. Bat alo {ede herfore reveal he more sly be mations of deconsacton atk seeking to conten te pl ‘Conse pain he way sn hc the eer’ project merase tea sod pie of Gaya Spivak, the Deen found hess faetfae ‘ih he authentic poses exes of Derridean opcstcion: evan a ektaon of the "monsrusess" of he whaler” But hs othe ed isonlya pn, one dt does ot do josie othe dees ofthe hist expe ‘ene ro ich dcontton merges. Ropes was ight to deat Ter disses” beneath Deneanbovadn 1 eesti dates of se ‘Siceululeserienc he experience of nam nthe eda wake fhe toca dépasemont of Marci. Rogoriasts own pois of ressance were dog the compos of comerporay soc ely. reais the suewte ctpesion othe deep age aretenderyngdecnsacion’ Conpelsve panes, When sounded agaist tha apse aia, Deis po ite tine aout ot spliting te Lefts fle. Hence, Nancy and Lacoe {ators tne testy in showing ta raves the won tos of ‘Scontracton-tn tos that hey sak maint, ven s Dia ens 12 The studi of Nancy ad Lacouette hen, is funded 0 he ca lupe of te pial eens, te versions ofa pig Spivak’, Ro fink, and Der. The authors of the “Ouverire ret each of te Bee and gy ny sew as inaqute. But ts tling an ig =. "hy dont death ponents ome ers own polars Rate,thy ise he sm tc eae ni ts ay, main {uo conan, re on offen: scot aot leat: ame eras pa, pnd ined pea en Ants, Nay an aco arte ae ery ene mii ey ‘ib dccsnacon neti nse pl eae hse hom pon sn href cm, Ont nnd they og ih a pagan) cel Rog rs ot Maan pol iy gemie "cngneme” Ba eh Rl tp aa ait a prea ie ol ses pi hr at Imag snes ents te oar, te plop ape pet eens he, ha te “Oar” of Lao Labte ad Nini he scen of lc os oes ete est en Shae Bun on ty re pee Sst "ny ey oy tno a ann a bg tele ye esc meget In a et eo emneng Pc Inu eater cr te Cone Psi Reset ‘eFunds or “Thera ft cn’ stole sis om hat at ng ‘efit ron exo to he pe see Sey ped ‘te ropa ote "Oeo.” Nua es we wey ‘Nines Lave Ltr, regecvaly In“ Dc fe Hepa Mach,” Nang pve etaatie ang a Te Ploy of ih thasboed bw potent x ht wr nan fs oh ‘ete litle pps escent Ta ‘codec Ens in Puls ase Latur essed th "seal ‘niger ane fe pode sia dao tation tec poli olin segs Nac wigs Theron rf trcomert wets sem ee ar of sents acm af he “Osteruse ogra. Dens Kae qe ‘rm! econo empl wr sl edt Nay and asa Stew in dn of tcmbg son. Pp Sa nd ‘ee Lcnianconieron oust fl “hi he aa ‘et te mtr at nee mcm he ‘esha ovale most maps epson ef fay a he tPamof wining he se fort poligu manent pli “he sb of Ltrs pager she ilewmer bare dec) ad wala ceed espe he met eigen ta {te ety Lace Latur nd Nan.” Ale oon eso a bcs ‘cond yeu he incl ora wg ae ek fe puso Yeas! wo nde fw hg se son urn dae “ower.” Afr prising numberof at document's salem hemes and reppin othe care of eli, hey locate on conspion of tari elton efor’, Nancy and Lacoue-Latrts sinh Seo ‘eres of totam’. et, hr hr on ety geal sense oppesed ithe ton of the tliat of the pica "The tems coer De ‘hiverazaton of he piel othe pint of wuping and excluding every oer ‘Goin of eference find syinora expeson he onegorary wus ‘ta everyting palical" Ths generale sense of Youiarans mot teil hey sama des peri the tematzton of ean alle ace” othe ae the Aran ara fhe appearance of he speci ft plea nis ey donation th confeunting the pola Wher Insane, char te spioecenomc, te techaleia, theca and he ‘enol and the congue blratin ofthe pail. The sof the Fr ofr hi sont thy ay ha omer can even he HN ‘St speifaly plc qieston be ped nowhere can he quien a Folic ane the alight chance of emering none of which, Hameve, > ent polis ssl ror Being eared on (188-89), "Nunya Lace bart stags hi st ese of tolranisn fom secon, armer ne. The arenes fam polia-cente ays — tye for example, Arc and Leort—of notable cae ie arom, cm, Si Tn, and Sot sets, Hr, tara ego oe "= iv of democracy” Following the eon of uta, ato, and iin, [node democracy ests on «essed and nce frm of pone ‘has ise verso fh pitt beret of metaphyseal funda hme devel of transcemfece. Te reat “dloeateatoof he pale the tumombermet of th pola dy which i onze ofe eee he [ue diperson of sfrage” an te comequent serene of poli aas © the ply of mere, Responding. hen ois dear “inpase.” ota lois the rw Sete te tp oi. raed eniiaoe tnd ication fh pail Na, roma th pli y fore oa flys pone wanscendence and ui (189-0), ancy td Lacoe-Labrt sli ht hei adherence to th st ener inl ee lari doesnt ea hem eet i sean me Se ‘Seem. The liter too, mit coins invented i al (pare) etcrognety” with he forme (190) But, hey 20 ono tg. sch es tion shoul be informed by i ust sagged y the geez see ‘tons: lane ~encaaton no aplcbl, awe all tars {alte silextan) purely tl istrilfce otra? And ‘owe sic en nl, nthe "encase, unde te pea ‘lation systems gover ty techs a prorat eri, a ‘tools, sons otf feta’ a histone ht, uni “har ara," oes not ase te use of rebuke Urerestme? Ist he ee, th, ht Sapte the ering ferences, cee tin ready and widely ccalting oppostion etme otras and ‘Senay iar ton simple? Grated, "we done camps and or police ritever thei "echelogal avandia,” are ab nese poll po Tce Bat this doesnt mean, boneer: hat the demactay we have hat Se serie by Tacgoevile Ani the deoctcy of Tcguvie contained te gem ‘felsic atari thee 9 aan tha ar tin he poet of Seseing someting ce,» ban frm [ne frm nite fara ‘sm 9) With expe reas ote wok of Huon Arendt, Nancy ad Lane [Laure ink te wihraval ofthe pci sot alana” 1 te se ofthe "economic scioecno-cultl comple.” complex ha loge Spy thet. Tey cam ht his comples ie harry (he ugh ‘the animal aborans, 2) he elnzaton oh bli spc by «peli Tiers, Sach ha consnen es poerned by comers ering ‘baitence and nt by Benny public r pal eds and) ce so thority 5 diet element of power ss oncom wa eae ier ‘They argue tht hese characterises of Sof tartans demons he suiceney of simple cies of easier I esse tetas ‘ns proceeds fom the “isorporaton ab prestatin of tance ‘hen sf altars proces rom edison of anus ds Ion tat pervades aha mngeives every sper of ie, chaisig shee ‘The rem politique thc, she witha ofthe transcends or sry of hepa vekss ther il ines Bay cone Labrte {nd Nancy. nes nooo that he tk to achieve new poli ame ‘ence Tat. nde sth program class tun The ik aber tetera the wan which the ea ete op a elo the const of poli tancensnc,f hk "ubely tater ta Senden or alt ofthe polite (19293), Reestaling «(Romulan akeriy ofthe pot tay, hey ci, soul requ the Tllowing: (1) the overcoming ofthe preset ds atin ower (ates ont) rm thority rmsd.) the wep Of he Presently draped ation ofthc crusty fo wha Arc ale “mmol {5 (thse imran which te cormuny pases the won tnd deeds of moras though epee) (3) he eran of the com ‘munis capac) epesen oman el the pia hee (ise, ‘Nancy an Lou Lata goon to inerwcae these gus Arenian obser ‘avons thre propery Heieggeian mi The ad lige, they tls, nota whelypvatve phenome, Rates isa witawal at leases or deliver someting ee: mies something appear samy. he pos ‘lin, indo the neces, of cui the ple! snes Farthrmore. 5 Pray he ase at wht ede whe x something that el neve red inthe ft place doable the pis desl by Area ever ‘sted. But Nine and Lacoe Labarbe deny tate tk so male ocr ‘om: oF 1 pl te poltical ut ts witha, or even achieve ane fund Ing ofthe pola hey war, ised to pose wha they ake to be 2 more a {Event gestion To what the read poligu bd? Is ink he rte ofthe unity tli ade manifestation othe oman) seas "Ts, Nay and Laue Latarte prophase Heidegger in claiming tha fr oe the witha of the plitialte pic "Wel arses as agus tho anda a sign. What elas the peng ofa. question On the testo what apa what, he lnare of the pial race? The ase i ‘x simpy on he bans of ots he opi an answer poplar by Pte Clases defn fur, Sot agai he Sate) hs aber: nie ass fo gan. the "esoce ofthe pital.” the sence that ‘Tithdawe ia te ttl somlson ofthe pola ithe echn-socal (95:56) Provisional, eral hings may esi, chim Nancy and Lacoue Laban stot the esc of th pola” This essences mashed by nanos met ‘ysl programs tt purport to ound the pola Joma on a arscenden Fenda, Chit among these the mde eid is th ater fund te fia on 4 pecunsiied pein auooomens subjectivity. Hs m0 ‘ron then howe serkng ave oundaonalism often subst the Tomo human finite fort suo abs, Bat at ation by oe iui forthe centers pune rs ot grand ead Beyond the police of ial demexracy, Morne since fade devolves upon Sion in an says sendy ier, comingentscahircal mari fl 10 Problema, Bu a ale forged he existence ofthe soil Bnd. I [her moh fel hoe quoton hat Nancy and Lace Laure ea ‘taka crcl other rjc he qunstionscclating aod the shalowy sigaticigeof the moter” namely the questions of the cial consi hf ey of the cotton scl et. a of prepa." ‘aay svat (196-9, Nancy a acoue Latte lam hat ee themes ead ack othe problem of he speci of he polio te psp atta a et ie ‘Amat the hg tgther of human eng, fhe aon polo. based (the fatal sven of neds andthe vial mecsis of ie. Its se be on ‘totes ger he staring incl or evalua pech, Wirthe excess of i ‘econ piven over the ist ang well” ont mere "fe or cil ig Sepsis he som pion And the question of "god“ner and above every eraizton ned sd repltion of forces that eins Inver an tee opens he question ote peal (13) "Tis mow recent omen of Nec) ad Lace Labs por i at be fer he tarp ito which shes he dca ote eer. On he ‘oe Hand, the authors ck oe the preset proce polis, a ty tive instead 0 main a par, pots, decnsacive,qustarsendeeal ington ofthe pola! Baton he other han. they entrain he not secre hope tat he host engendered yee hs apach wil ld Sights ht wl erent ok pole. Hence, the sa incest sing back nd ford between wo heteopenous levels of balsa const eat inp toward th ling of oil pion a a ang bck to maples] ‘alnophial efecton This oslo clay vibe te wesnent of ttarianam, The hess ou "ar and sot” tins spate pall potion vem {we imo fa poligu. For wala witout Sout x pala conestd vin, Nancy and Laoue-Labute concede as much when ey coomerpe ‘heir conception that of Leo apuing that he ate na aden ok ‘he character of omemporryWesem soci. Hee hy supposing «pe fi ierpetation fl rele hat rt merely dsr as ‘losopical but empirical, nrmate and rte. They we confoting he Pica roblen of e character and mening of comtemporaty setieeh ological ue Aad hs necessary brings ther it Sgt in, ito Confit with competing pole! posors and interretons. On he one and ty mt comet Letot ad er her of Soi sess. Bet lo, a cm ter and, wheter they aii te ascot com pting neare of Wester pital etre =o promt, peas thn of Habermas an Foucat nt to memon Mar and Weer Only thy ae wil 'o emer the fay apa such aleve ca hey pony make good thle ‘ams abou the al dmimaton a he pita and" ara, Bat jot when sch stairway expr and ola argumentation «ale fo jt when a poligue abot be ested in ares Nac) a {scouts remove themselves frm hese of onic ad rw back ‘nto ans Heiegpean speustion, They tft on he "ese the pit fale "dlvery of he question of fhe pial,” "de," he ca a.m aria Sei.” "he moter” and a whol trator then." The pole snort suc peataion iin lf eles ile aot is te ht ncn for Nancy ad Lacou ature ar means of "olin the step so pee wich the ogi of eso ope ed eh "Tiss even ina omer fren way nthe tent ofthe Arenian themes ofthe een f the specifiy othe pola inthe sof he "co cscs” cmp he ap the animal labora the losin of he pbc es by gelihalich soi: he et fae ig. of hs wold timer, of he ranscenence oats f the plc ‘sedis ie" Reds adhe prepotical i general. With he aactn of ‘ck hemes Nancy and Lavo ature srg once aan apo plies proper Inded they wre these themes apni the plc of Lorem hey take 0 te initial of comerperary "democratic soca Butt when ‘erewel ancendence oa ofthe poli © Wig in Bing Wo te pli" of polis that ay never ae existed a isp hey ra ‘ck once ain nd xpi dey that any sich norma polite! a ad enclsos fll Ica they Concent oe mas tik the rea. he sence th tacing of he ls, ad the est ‘Simla, when Nancy and Lacoe Lar evoke Arise a he close of thertex, they sp jo shor of eran ny normative peal conan “They ape tothe ences of ivig well” ener ere eof he shan ae fen chloe spech over mere ec ad ces. They lim that i the “ues of "gad over and shove every npniton of eds san ‘voce ht epes the quan of he reba of he piel today. Bat i ‘Sieantth they oo poco rom hese remark teal oan ston ‘station of roirrmenta, norm, pte! delberation but “the good Iie” ie sian hat, seal hey ote aera hat Os Boe son ever organization of peuds and vegan of fnes i oe tha they “hrge with mo moral weight” (98). ‘Win tne dco of totais, Avni, a Arse shows my sew the agi spy shat ofthe trope on which Nancy ad La ove Laban walking. The ate engaged ina sot of balaeing coe at rol cm be alain! wth ch fife for very ong. ly ht eter oc of two things wl hope, Fer they il ry 0 sii te ‘wus cali of pice, and especialy of empl std somatic ensicatons—in which eae the plea! sport of tee piosopical work Sil dminch Or they wil com the tie and ener upen conse plea ‘election in which each work will ocome ceasing empire and no atv and teeore mereuigl one Tn eles case ne eR AES {bfeeaclade. the oto wich Nany and Lacie Laure prey bps esp namely the mide way of» piosphiel interrogation fhe pc Tat somehow en op procing profound, mw. pital lear nits ‘hot drying any han aii supe "Tis imps site nace, Ba one ought on tht coun, une esse he pentane othe queso Nancy a aoe Lahr ate sig ‘When thy probe the meaning. carr, al boon of he Joma fe palo ned in Western civilization. the serial wasformations tt ‘hint nerone since Gch epnngs, and especialy adem(mit al, pre ens, boc sc hat ana ‘Soncnyry pln Totes hey poop Sihrwo moneys of cope a rm ard gute Fi and mo yt arya Le atari ech as sus oe aon ee pil an ee Sno cnengrsy sess Tis lash aa of be ere Src ft cp ie Waan aann Sion mh Ea obey eee an ph of cies ans tec Pond in Say seg or osama Frome Neen Seca dre ferme Wn ‘ae ic terpenes he pont of cg atl pa ener’ en ere, ees Shr dno he thc! mae nwo coe he trv eld uno wep ch ato {oh come pita em wht pe tasfermton ee inal rail orang ony on asa eed ‘aint annonce bogey nny ‘racemes cmp hb Be ion bebe cio Sy the ua nn incor frm oy nem a pa ning spr sn ci fmf ak by oo! cara aed ‘eo angel) Ho a ch par ety ta ‘espa ay ohn cpa oe tt a eee, ‘opment? har eal vec sin nl a stn me Senos nasa aed plc cmon ca oe Bat the ny fe pa ne mes ae Second but arm lig he erential ihn ctises uncer eee pla lore ‘ese dines cme es. When hy ple he or ‘Seer wim at reine peal” ca tt "ed the pa tm ees wie Fees ae” Nay tn Lae treo neste al om ues tow eg rosy Wieser In, ct wan snc ed ‘ivy comer an pies ype tne arent ware ote nhsrap itt Sth ced Manian iereaio a be i! mw pon eo Stina ei eed wi bmg ea coe St of pen sl hes of tans Sarria empl an mat cen slap! Tit erm hen Noy tan art te Se cane ie cof ages monn tuto isiace pei alte ail When rasp, sero se) ot inthe West depend upon nerd athe ip side the ation ofthe al: df te fai, a a pre of guy and expaton can 0 Ingerbe immune frome an tansormaton. thew how mst and ght te plc sphore change a wei Fo example ifs Are aged oer po Fel calre,incadng Maris, as bon deformed by ceson nh e praacton of fond and objet 1 he nel of symbole ation: an pce womens erearng wrk (his he claton of pees i bali acon par exelence,then ow might a uta organ of hd ‘ering. one tht pot at he cet of publi concep eile and transform the poll? Finally, i women’s transl mesic sti, In ‘tung the moral serving af en and chide, have coe othe de Selopment of enlist ee) of Sieve womens eles with dine Somer alc, and thew ves, which nle trans cams afc ents: plc clea peileges atom sovereign aster ‘eon. tee how might he pliclbe wasted i women’ cues were heated from dest an permite to ifs plc ie? Together, these wos fasion om he oer orzo of Nancy ani La oe-Labarhes work Tht th 0, forme, pe part he ret Smprtanse ofthat work, But io an ination of tons Fort be {ean hee question income sf nexeay Wo andon ance nd deeomracive dscoune for guy of fern sort I rmis for he ‘Cente for Piespial Reach onthe Pica to ne rks of thw sk {ng et ths callenge ‘The psig scot wa rite ine fl of 1982 ‘On 16 November 198, Pipe Lace abarhe and Janse Nancy ore ty ne nity spe i he Cee ime tthe cetera re 0 Be 3 ple whee oe col aan the rot of nerogsing "theese te pla.” Tat pj ree at [igucston soem te pita be ep open an ha i cartes Bracke ht th wat ger th cna he oie On he aa ne ‘Speen gonna co ik ke forged cosets hd seed itch tc opaing in wick ade gusting hd fo me, bea fh came treo ee ia cmt, Flt ference mong sare of hori nd contemporary iti, hd coneInto asim an vehement destino he sl politi danger hese {orth inearaed by eines of Mars proves.” Second Mars 0, {eased to Bea qision aa ad Besne simpy pseu obsote n “ornate cent century icp #9 which a 8m opposed conceptions ‘ha somchow sll wv eighth coniry —coacptions of Nery sop Posed equity) a of mp (a pps pli) Fall th plicit nd ace the onedimensalsigication fa danger anda passe, 50 tha i atmo Inger pose comer he hace and fganvaton of ea Tet enya sovereignty which mea! te elo the aeshti, ‘en the ligiou” had come to be piviged over he ola. The esa was the sure of he eyo of he centers ad, simulnees) the emp of apelin, Ba ews, reaction 1 detec Poll postion uel th scopic naira” apollo Feemisn= ow sweeping rnc, a brain itera arg ror wha last be testes of Maris, "Mi of couse, oly oe sie of he ty. Lacking the oer Slt) ome right well esta to fer an analy. Nonethles, carne ei peg ot ft the demise of th cemer espe i costae en. nts momruom, Nancy and cna Laren nds tbe cot they are responding to pl exigency. ned, they hve ake Wat from one poo iw pps toBe a sapere pial tan: hy a ‘ppsing nt Maranello, Bu fom ter pit o iw hes thn sore compa. The dominant rst of thei dslaion memorandum {Sot mail psa agumens aginst he noir: rates 1 ‘eth of visting he ramen pac, of freaking ath wih the te ‘pono the ccs the pli The problem, note wr ls that ‘fr epponent fave ha polis than ht ey hae pois which sa fa [nest te scleral eden won hgmny fn the cere Fit ie "Moreover, theses in which the nee poston repress one —if notte lege working ou ofa ea sere of Nancy an Lacoue Labarhe’| ‘Gun own, What they mam encore a "apliciam,”for example. 3 bot ‘tolls afi claorton of ei wm theme of the ta ammaton of he Pula” Afr al, at these wan vay ibeely ambignon cone pruned Heidegger's aleady oem sion exh an Are Fay to ep stspca of he sail” ft ah een me loa and ‘iret sipcn of the pola, te sceminy 10 sender te ssi of pote! oposon tosis ad insu esan No Toner then, hat some mem concded tat hecefot ssh operon Inthe waged under th annette eal the see, ven he o~_" Asin argument oud dons ema wth respect ant Mariam In fac ofthe ree sates dicued inthe dasouten memoranda, cay ne— tame tara i aloe veambigns, Fo ely wih pet to a ior do Nony and Lace ature ert hemes Unesvocaly Fin thy Fopet 0 ae ofthe term lari’ tt would pt tem ney wih NATO. an ha» pita snd, Second, hey insist o concept ie ons adequate othe empl complxity of contemporary soil ai ast tn West an hr 4 postrnscendetl methane Sin hc, rine he it ofthe mow advanced strand Of tov, the Sra har col pip, led teond the eure inpse and wanton their problema “Tyr go [red ha he Centr forPilowpicl Reseach an he Po ‘eal would be but" eporary wy tan ote exodus on Mass 9 tring tele ty he French tle dt) permet eng pace.” ‘Now the presse character ofthe jourey~ its pose and etl desation — emo cident. Oe rut rae hoa th Cente fr Pioopicl Reseach on ‘he Pola © “aol! nelberasn.” Another, arly sie, would re {gre French pst Marsss develop tks ih German Cac Ther a el American soci fin, Given the ler cents of ontenptrary French calor, isang esa dlasonment ah the Mitra 20% “mc th psies oake te ft te aeonomna. That Nancy apd La ‘ue Labbe notes fe its ent ei cei till, oe ops they wl som vere forth rm thr anced sf se, Notes ie pia a codec Bei hed of son tl ay Feet Bey at a Ps 5 fering rao er si fle ek Cet Charny Sp iba oeOe er Seagate ipsa ern uen [ene Seth onuaeneeeanaen oes are earn eee ee Ge terete eee Seance eee eerec eens See eee eae eee care eee eae! er aceeeentee mene cance Raa er ee oe peed SESE aeamaemnem seminars Se eet errr Sseetemeatesneecaantes Steet ieeten ices tae ranma SSeS seen eter (nese eteormearemerantenes poate iat Searaerncreetnatee dnmaramct ‘at Pry Nn ant Ron on a sae 19 Ca Cg Solgar as eee SS eh Gn eC a” Ke Na ‘amet Mies 9p one on tose ae sc my Caper “ ines enhancing ees Chapter 5 Solidarity or Singularity? Richard Rorty between Romanticism and Technocracy Noting can ere at etic of inal vocabulary sae ‘outer iach ocular thereto anever fo a redeseriplon Svea re esr, ruched Rony, Connon. Iran, and Solidarity Conca smeuhat cironish chiriserzaion of te Rome impale, “Think of ths np the valor of inka enon ender 5 seating” A Romantic ipulse of is Sort wold onze the figure ofthe aodmry iia no des hot simply ply tt ter. ewes Cala sit ischial lieu as read fr hin. wood represen ‘hisinvital ac a" geins oF "song pet." especie ofthe eld of i Invemivenes. Seence, polis, whaever"fom the sano of he Rea imple evry sen of mention wuld be batch of leat an eed ‘cme jos a very signin et mo! ean aestc et andevey making = Ssitmaling. Here, govely mold te valued ort owe sake wool Be he “heerdiference tween what mre ow or nerd on hoe and and svat sind or deme up ex ml, on he tr, hat would cfr vale and Iguana the Romantic ple pues ach erence malig os the work of exroninary nfs, molar a treat them an ee WO "he sourse of all sigan histrieal chane, mar at ews sr lagely "te socom of sich pens, bacomes sewing, dais Sat yey Sa CK tow cay Line Mae ce eed ‘nse fn yap a ypc ees pains cn dt ee