n tt nghip cao ng

LI M U
t nc ta trong nhng nm qua c nhng thay i to ln v kinh t
v x hi. V x hi khng ch p ng nhu cu ca nhn dn m cn cao v
cht lng. Nhiu khu cng nghip, nhiu cng trnh kin trc c s h tng,
xa l ang c xy dng t nc ta ang l mt cng trng khng l.
Cng vi s pht trin khng ngng ca cc ngnh kinh t. Ngnh k
thut chiu sng cng khng ngng pht trin, vic chiu sng cc cng trnh
khng ch l cung cp nh sng m hin nay cn i hi nhiu v thm m
cng nh cao v cht lng. Chiu sng ng l mt b phn ca k thut
chiu sng, ngy nay vi h thng giao thng pht trin hin i, mt giao
thng ln.. Yu cu u tin i vi h thng chiu sng l phi hn ch ti
a tai nn giao thng ban m, to cho cc li xe c mt tm nhn thoi mi V
vy, vi nhng kin thc hc v c s hng dn ca thy gio Th.S
Lng Ngc Ton em nghin cu ti Thit k chiu sng ng
NGUYN TH NH .
Qua mt thi gian lm ngoi s n lc ca bn thn cn c s ch bo,
hng dn tn tnh ca thy Th.S Lng Ngc Ton em hon thnh n.
Tuy nhin do vn hiu bit cn c hn v cha c kinh nghim nn n ca
em cn nhiu sai st v hn ch, knh mong cc thy c gio ch bo n
ca em c hon thin hn v cho em nhng bi hc qu bu phc v cho
cng tc sau ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
Quy Nhn, thng 5 nm 2016
Sinh vin

Phm Li

SV: Phm Li 1 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

Chng 1
TNG QUAN V K THUT CHIU SNG
1.1 KHI NIM V I LNG O NH SNG
1.1.1 Khi nim
1.1.1.1 Sng in t
Sng in t lan truyn trong khng gian va c tnh
cht sng va c tnh cht ht. Cng ging nh mi sng khc,
sng in t tun theo cc nh lut vt l.
1.1.1.2 nh sng
nh sng l bc x in t, tun theo nh lut sng v
ht m mt ngi c th cm nhn c mt cch trc tip. N
c vn tc truyn trong chn khng l 3.108m/s.
Uy ban quc t v chiu sng m ha a ra cc gii hn cc i ca ph
mu
380 nm 439nm 498nm 568nm 592nm 631nm 780nm

T Tm Xanh Xanh Vng Da cam Hng

Ngoi Da tri l cy Ngoi
412 470 515 577 600
673

- Cc nh sng c bc sng vo khong = 555nm c hin

th tt nht trn vng mc ca mt ngi, ti y c 2 loi t
bo:
+ T bo hnh nn c khong 7 triu t bo, nm gia
vng mc cho ta phn bit mu sc ca nh sng.

SV: Phm Li 2 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

+ T bo hnh que c khong 120 triu t bo, chng

bao ph phn cn li ca vng mc cho ta phn bit mu sc
ca nh sng: en trng.

- Bc sng m mt c th nhn c nm trong khong =

380 - 780nm.

Thu tinh
th
Cc t Vng
bo mc

Thn kinh
th gic
Hnh
1.1
i vi ngi thit k chiu sng cn quan tm n ng
cong hiu qu nh sng V().

Hnh
V() - Th gic 1.2
ban ngy.

V() - Th gic ban m.

1.1.2 Cc i lng o nh sng

SV: Phm Li 3 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

1.1.2.1 Gc khi - n v Steradian (Sr)

Gc khi c nh ngha l t s gia din tch v

bnh phng ca bn knh. N l mt gc trong khng gian.
Ta gi thit rng mt ngun im t tm O ca mt
hnh cu rng bn knh R, v k hiu S l din tch mt ca
phn mt cu to bi gc khi .

R K2S
0 S S
R

KS
Hnh
1.3
S

R2
Trong :
S - Din tch trn mt chn trn mt cu: (m2).
R- Bn knh hnh cu: (m).
- Gi tr cc i ca gc khi khi khng gian chn l ton
b mt cu.
S.R 4..R 2
4.
R R2

1.1.2.2 Cng sng I - n v o Candela (cd)

Cng sng l thng s c trng cho kh nng pht
quang ca0ngun sng. Candela
d l cng sng theo mt ph-
A
d
SV: Phm Li 4 Lp: K thut in - K
Hnh 1.4
 n tt nghip cao ng

ng cho ca ngun pht mt bc x n sc c tn s l

540.1012Hz ( = 555nm), v cng nng lng theo phng
1
ny l 683W/Sr.

Mt ngun pht quang ti 0, pht mt lng quang thng d

trong gc khi d c:

+ Cng sng trung bnh ca ngun:

d
I 0A
d
+ Cng sng ti im A:
d
I 0A lim
d 0 d

- Cng sng mnh s lm cho mt c cm gic b lo,

kh nng phn bit mu sc cng nh s vt b gim i, lc
ny thn kinh cng thng v th gic mt chnh xc.

1.1.2.3 Quang thng - n v o Lumen (lm)

Quang thng l mt thng s hin th phn nng lng

chuyn thnh nh sng, c nh gi bng cng sng
cm gic vi mt thng ca ngi c th hp th c lng bc
x:

- Quang thng ca mt ngun pht ra trong gc khi :

SV: Phm Li 5 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

I .d
0

- Quang thng khi cng sng u (I = const):

= I.

- Quang thng khi cng sng I khng ph thuc vo ph-

ng:
4
I .d
0

1.1.2.4 ri E - n v lux (lx)

ri l i lng c trng cho mt quang thng nhn
c trn b mt c chiu sng.
1lm
1Lux
m2

Trong :

- Quang thng b mt din tch nhn c: (lm).

S - Din tch b mt uc chiu sng: (m2).

Khi mt mt phng c din tch S =1m2 nhn c cng
sng mt lng quang thng = 1lm s c ri E = 1lx.

Hnh 1.5

SV: Phm Li 6 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

Khi nm v ri ngoi ngun ra cn lin quan n v

tr ca mt c chiu sng:
ds. cos d
d 2

r I

Suy ra:
d I. cos
E
d
2
r
Trong :
I : Cng sng (cd).
: Gc to bi php tuyn n ca ds vi phng I.
r : Khong cch t ngun sng im 0 cho n mt
nguyn t ds (m).
Do khi tnh ton thit k chiu sng cn yu cu v
ri theo tiu chun nh nc.
1.1.2.5 chi L - n v (cd/m2 )
chi l thng s nh gi tin nghi ca chiu
sng, l t s gia cng sng v din tch biu kin ca
ngun sng theo mt phng cho trc.
dI
L
dS. cos
chi nh nht mt nhn thy l 10-5cd/m2, v
bt u gy nn kh chu v lo mt 5000cd/m2.
1.1.2.6 nh lut Lamber
Khi nhn cc gc khc nhau th chi L bng nhau.
y l c trng cho phn x ca vt.

SV: Phm Li 7 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

Nu b mt c ri E th chi khi nhn ln b

mt c tnh theo nh lut Lamber:
E
L .

Hnh 1.6a Hnh

1.6b

I. cos I
L
S. cos S
Khi sng do khuych tn, nh lut Lamber c tng
qut:
M L.

Trong :
: H s phn x ca b mt ( <1).

E : ri (lx).
M : trng (lm/m2).
L : chi (cd/m2).
1.1.2.7 Tri gic nhn thy v tng phn
Tri gic nhn thy l nhy ca mt vi s tng phn,
vi s chnh lch tng i ca hai chi ca cc vt cnh
nhau m mt c th phn bit c.

SV: Phm Li 8 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

Khi quan st mt vt c L0 trn mt nn c chi Lf

ch c th phn bit c nu tng phn:
Lf
C L0 0.01
Lf
Trong :
L0 : chi khi nhn vt.
Lf : chi khi nhn nn.
C : tng phn.
1.1.2.8 nhn r v tnh nng nhn
nhn r l kh nng cm nhn ca mt khi nhn
ngun sng v cc b mt c chiu sng.
+Tnh nng nhn c biu din theo:
C/CS : Cho php nh gi tnh nng nhn.
C/CS = 1: Tnh nng nhn ch 10% (kh nhn).
C/CS =7.5: Tnh nng nhn c 84% (nhn tt).
C/CS = 12: Tnh nng nhn l 90% (kh chu).
Trong :
C: tng phn.
CS: Ngng tng phn.
Quang thng chiu ln b mt vt liu dng trong k
thut chiu sng c tch lm ba phn: Phn x ( ), thu x (
) v hp th ( ).

Cc h s ny phn nh s lin quan gia quang thng

ton phn ri trn b mt vi quang thng phn x, thu x
v hp th ca b mt .

SV: Phm Li 9 Lp: K thut in - K

 n tt nghip cao ng

Khi chiu ln b mt vt liu, nh sng tiu tn n mc

b mt t c chi ng u theo mi phng th cc
tia phn x hoc thu x ca nh sng ny gi l khuych tn.
+ Trng hp phn x, khuych tn:
M E. L.

E.
L

+ Thu x v khuych tn:
M E. L.

E.
L

Trong :
L : chi (cd/m2).
E : ri (lx).
M : trng (lm/m2).
: phn x.

: thu x .

1.1.2.9 S phn x, hp th v thu x

Khi nh sng p vo mt vt, nh sng c th phn x,
b hp th hoc truyn qua (thu x). c trng cho cc hin
tng trn ngi ta a ra:
*H s phn x ( ).
p

t

SV: Phm Li 10 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

*H s hp th ( ).


t

*H s thu x (Truyn sng).

t

V tng cc quang thng phn x , quang thng b hp

th , quang thng truyn qua bng quang thng ti b

mt, nn ta c :
1

1.1.3. Mu ca cc ngun
1.1.3.1 Nhit mu
c trng r hn khi nim v nh sng trng th ng-
i ta gn cho n khi nim v nhit mu, tnh bng
Kelvin. l m t mu ca mt ngun sng bng cch so
snh vi mu ca mt vt en ni chung c nung nng gia
2000 v 10000K.

Nht
mu, 0K
7000
6000
5000 Vng mi
trng
4000 sng
tin nghi
3000
2000
SV: Phm Li 11 50 100 Lp:
200K300
thut
400in
500 -1000 1500 2000
K ri, lx
Hnh 1.7
 n tt nghip cao ng

1.1.3.2 Ch s mu ca nh sng I.R.C

Ch s mu l thng s nh gi cht lng trung thc
ca nh sng do ngun pht ra.
+ I.R.C = 0 l nh sng n sc phn nh mu sc
khng trung thc.

+ I.R.C = 90 100 nh sng trung thc.

i vi chiu sng sn vn ng c truyn tivi mu th yu

cu I.R.C > 85.
Khi tnh ton thit k cc ngun sng th cn phi ch
n ch s mu.
1.2 CC THIT B CHIU SNG
1.2.1 n si t

1.2.1.1 Cu to
n si t gm 3 b phn chnh: Si t, bng n v ui n. Si t
thng lm bng dy vonfram, bng n thng lm bng thy tinh c thm
ch, bn trong c cha kh tr hoc thnh phn halogen tng hiu qu nh
sng.
1.2.1.2 Cc c im

SV: Phm Li 12 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

*u im:
+ C nhiu loi. Kch thc, cp in p, v cng sut khc nhau.
+ Ch s mu gn bng 100, mu sc m p.
+ Quang thng gim khng ng k, khi bng n b lo ha cng ch
gim khong 15%.
+ Ni trc tip vo li in, bt sng ngay.
+ Gn nh.
+ Gi thnh r.
+ Nhit mu ph hp vi chiu sng mc thp v trung bnh.
+ Khng ph thuc vo iu kin mi trng.
* Nhc im:

+ Hiu sut pht sng thp 10 20lm/w.

+ Vi n halogen t 20 27lm/w.

+ Tui th trung bnh thp 1000gi, n halogen 2000gi.

+ Tn in v pht nng.
+ Tnh nng ca n thay i ln theo s bin thin in p ngun.
* ng dng:
+ Dng chiu sng cc b, chiu sng trang tr.
+ Thun li cho vic chiu sng mc thp v trung bnh cc khu vc
dn c.
+ Dng lm n tn hiu.
+ S dng trong vn t nng v si m.
1.2.2 n phng in
1.2.2.1 Cu to

SV: Phm Li 13 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Gm hai in cc t trong bng thy tinh c cha kh tr hoc hi kim

loi. c s phng in phi t vo hai in cc mt in p UPd ln hn
in p nh mc ca n (Udm den), do phi dng chn lu (balat) v
tcte to ra qu trnh qu .
1.2.2.2 Chn lu
C hai loi chn lu: Chn lu in cm v chn lu in t.
Chn lu in cm:
Chn lu in cm l mt cun dy qun trn mt li thp k thut in.

* u im:
+ Hn ch dng in khi lm vic.
+ To ra qu in p phng in.
+ San bng dng in.
+ C bn cao.
* Nhc im:
+ Tiu th in nng ln trn chn lu.
+ Dng in khng cn hnh sin na.

+ H s cos thp (0,4 0,5) do ta c th mt thm t b nng

cao cos.

Chn lu in t:

SV: Phm Li 14 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Dng b chnh lu nghch lu bin i tn s t 50HZ ln khong

20KHZ.
* u im:
+ Loi tr c hiu tng nhp nhy do tn s thp.
+ Gim c tn hao trn chn lu.

+ H s cos cao (cos 0,96).

+ Kch thc nh.

+ iu chnh quang thng ca n thun li.

+ Hiu sut pht quang cao, tng (10 20)%.

1.2.2.3 Cc loi n phng in

n hi Natri p sut thp:

n c hnh ng hoc dng ch U, trong kh Neon cho php mi. Sau vi

pht Natri bc hi pht sng c mu da cam ( = 589 589,6), gn vi c
nhy ca mt (550nm).
* c trng ca n:
+ Ch s mu bng 0 do s ta tia hu nh n sc.
SV: Phm Li 15 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

+ Tui th khong 8000gi.

+ Thng dng chiu sng xa l, th.
n hi Natri p sut cao:

n c kch thc nh duy tr nhit v p sut. c lm bng

thy tinh Alumin, thch anh b n mn bi Na. n c t trong mt bng
hnh qu trng hay hnh ng c ui xoy.
*Cc c trng ca n:
+ Hiu qu nh sng c th t ti 120lm/w.

+ Ch s mu thp (Ra 20) tuy nhin c loi Ra >80.

+ C nhit thp nn d chu mc ri thp.

+ Tui th t ti 10000gi.
+ Dng chiu sng ng ph, bn xe v cc cng trnh th thao.
+ C mu trng m.
n Halogen kim loi:

SV: Phm Li 16 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

L n gm hn hp thy ngn v halogen kim loi p sut cao.

* Cc c trng ca n:
+ Hiu qu nh sng c th t ti 95lm/w.
+ Nhit mu c 4000 6000K, mu rt trng.

+ Ch s mu 60 90, chp nhn c.

+ Tui th trung bnh l 4000gi.

+ n dng chiu sng din tch ln nh sn vn ng, qung
trng v c ch s mu cao nn c th truyn hnh tivi mu.
+ Nhc im ca n l gim nhit mu sau mt thi gian s dng
khong 500 1000gi, gi thnh cao.

n hunh quang (n ng):

c cu to l mt ng thy tinh, bn trong c hai in cc t hai

u ng, pha trong ng c cha kh Acgn v thy ngn, pha trong ng c
bi mt lp hunh quang lm pht ra cc tia bc x c bc sng mt
thng nhn thy c. Loi n ny c cngtcte v chn lu km theo.
SV: Phm Li 17 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

c im ca n hunh quang:

+ Hiu qu nh sng t 60 95lm/w.

+ Ch s mu t 55 92.

+ Nhit mu gia 2800 6500K.

+ Tui th khong 7000gi.

+ chi tng i t.
+ Nhit bn ngoi thnh ng thp khong 450C.
+ Dng lu quang thng ca bng n s gim.
+ Gi thnh ch t hn so vi n si t.
+ Thi gian lm vic ph thuc vo s ln bt, tt n.
+ Quang thng v phm vi pht quang ph thuc vo nhit .
n compact hynh quang:

c thit k vi kch thc thu nh, c s dng thay th trc tip

n si t v c hiu sut pht quang cao, lp t thun tin tui th cao loi
n ny c tcte, chn lu km theo .
* t tnh k thut:
+ Hiu sut pht quang: 50 60lm/w.

+ Tui th trung bnh: 10000gi.

SV: Phm Li 18 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

+ bn c hc cao.
+ Mu nh sng trng m c cht lng cao.
+ Nhy cm vi thay i nhit mi trng.
n thy ngn cao p:

Cu to: Gm ng phng in, in cc chnh, v in cc ph. Bn

trong bng c hi thy ngn p sut cao.
* t tnh k thut:

+ Hiu sut pht quang: 45 60lm/w.

+ Tui th trung bnh: 2500 4000gi.

+ Thi gian khi ng: 5 7pht.

+ Nhit mu:T = 3800 4300K.

+ Ch s th hin mu CRI: 40 60.

Hiu sut pht quang thp nn ngy cng t c s dng.

n nh sng hn hp:

SV: Phm Li 19 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

y l n kt hp n thy ngn cao p vi n si t.

* t tnh k thut:
+ Khng cn chn lu, u trc tip vo li in nh n si t.

+ Hiu sut pht quang: 20 65lm/w.

+ Thi gian khi ng: Sng ngay.

+ Nhy cm vi thay i in p.
+ Tui th: 6000gi. Nhit mu 3800K.
1.2.3 Cc ngun sng mi
1.2.4.1 n cm ng khng in cc

Nguyn l lm vic da vo hin tng cm ng trong n

* c tnh k thut:
+ Hiu sut pht quang: 60 80 lm/w

+ Tui th trung bnh cao: 60.000 100.000 gi

+ Nhit mu T: 2.700 4.000 K

+ Ch s mu CRI: 85
Loi n ny c dng trong chiu sng ca hng, th vin, ng
hm, cng xng ni m chi ph bo dng hng ha l quan trng.
1.2.4.2 n LED (it pht sng)

SV: Phm Li 20 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Nguyn l lm vic da vo s chuyn i trc tip dng in thnh bc

x nh sng trong cu trc tinh th ca cht bn dn.
* c tnh k thut:
+ Hiu sut pht quang: 20 25lm/w

+ Loi LED cc sng c hiu sut pht quang: 115 lm/w

+ Tui th cao: 50.000 100.000 gi

+ Mu sc: a dng, , vng, xanh, trng

n LED c s dng lm n tn hiu v chiu sng trang tr vi cht
lng thm m cao.
1.2.4.3 n Sulfur
y l n khng in cc, nh sng pht ra do bc x ca cc nguyn t
sulfur trong mi trng kh argon, khi b kch thch bng vi sng
* c tnh k thut:
+ Hiu sut pht quang: 100lm/w
+ Thi gian khi ng rt ngn
+ Nhit mu T: 6.000K
+ Ch s mu CRI: 80
c dng chiu sng ni tht, ngoi tri, cc cng trnh vn ha th
thao.
1.2.4.4 n Laser
SV: Phm Li 21 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Pht ra nh sng n sc da trn hin tng khuch i nh sng bng

bc x kch thch.
n Laser c s dng trong chiu sng trang tr, l hi v qung co.
1.2.5 B n
B n l tp hp cc thit b quang - in c nhm thc hin mt hoc
ton b chc nng: Cung cp in vo bng n, bo v v phn b nh sng.
1.2.5.1 Cu to ca b n
* Bao gm:
+ B phn quang hc
+ ui n
+ Thn n
+ B phn c nh n vo gi
+ B phn iu chnh
+ Cc thit b ph kin khc
+ Cho n c v khng c knh bo v.
1.2.5.2 Thng s ca b n
* in p U(V): L in p lm vic ca b n.
* Cng sut P(W): L tng cng sut ca b n.

SV: Phm Li 22 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

1.2.5.2.1 ng cong cng sng (ng cong trc quang)

L c tnh quan trng ca b n, nh c tnh ny ta xc nh cng
sng I theo mt hng no , t ta xc nh c ri, chi, v
xc nh c s phn b nh sng ca b n trong khng gian.
1.2.5.2.2 Hiu sut ca b n
1.2.5.2.3 Cp b n
L thng s cho bit s phn b nh sng ca b n p ng cc
phng php chiu sng, c k hiu bng cc ch ci A, B,, J v T.
1.2.5.2.4 S chi loi - Gc nhn
1.2.5.2.5 Cp bo v b n
* Cp bo v in: Class 0, I, II, III.
* Cp bo v IP.
1.2.5.2.6 Phn loi b n chiu sng ng
* Chp rng.
* Chp bn rng.
* Chp hp.
1.2.5.2.7 ng h s s dng ca b n
H s s dng U ca b n l t s quang thng nhn c b mt hu
ch ca ng trn quang thng ca n.
1.3 C S K THUT CHIU SNG
1.3.1 Mc ch
Nhm to ra mi trng chiu sng tin nghi m bo cho ngi tham gia
giao thng x l quan st chnh xc tnh hung giao thng xy ra trn ng.
1.3.2 c im
- Chiu sng cho ngi quan st ang chuyn ng

SV: Phm Li 23 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- Khc vi chiu sng ni tht ly ri lm tiu chun u tin th thit k

chiu sng c chon chi khi quan st ng lm tiu chun u tin.
- Khc vi chi trong thit k ni tht, chi trn ng khng tun
theo nh lut Lambert m ph thuc vo kt cu lp ph mt n.
- Khi thit k chiu sng trn mt ng cn m bo ng u chiu
sng trnh hin tng bc thang.
-Cc ct n chiu sng ng cn c cng sut ln v ch n ch tiu
tit kim in nng.
- ng ph l b mt ca th nn cn phi quan tm n yu t thm
m.

1.3.3 Cc tiu chun

chi: l tiu chun u tin v quan trng nht
ng u ca chi:
L min
ng u chung U 0 L
tb

L min
ng u dc U1
L max

Tiu chun hn ch chi la mt tin nghi

G = ISL + 0,97 log LTB + 4,41 log h 1,46 log P

Trong : ISL l ch s chi la ca b n (3 6)

LTB: gi tr khi trung bnh trn ng

h = h 1,5m
P: l s b n b tr trn 1km ng theo TCVN: 4 G 6
1.3.4 Kiu b n
- Kiu chp su:
SV: Phm Li 24 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Kiu ny nh sng pht ra trong phm vi hp. u im l trnh la mt cho

ngi li xe. Nhc im l nu thit k khng cn nhc s gy hiu ng bc
thang.
- Kiu chp bn rng:
Phm vi nh sng pht ra rng hn, c ng dng rng ri nht trong
chiu sng ng.
- Kiu chp rng :
nh sng bc x theo mi hng.
C nhc im l thng gy la mt khng dng trong chiu sng ng
t, nhng thng dng chiu sng cho cc ni c nhiu ngi i b nh
qung trng, cng vin. Khu nh song hn ch chi la , bng n
c t trong qu cu c ng knh ph hp chi trong phm vi cho
php.
1.3.5 Cc phng n b tr n
1.3.5.1 B tr mt bn.

ng dng cho nhng on ng hp, mt bn c hng cy che khut.

iu kin m bo cho ng u l h l.

1.3.5.2 B tr hai bn so le

SV: Phm Li 25 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

ng dng cho nhng ng 2 chiu, iu kin m bo s ng u l

h 2/3 l.

1.3.5.3 B tr hai bn i din.

ng dng cho nhng ng c nhiu ln xe. S ng u cn thit l:

h 1/2 l.

1.3.5.4 B tr trn di phn cch.

ng dng cho ng i bn c gii phn cch gia. iu kin m

bo s ng u l h l

1.3.5.5 b tr n hn hp

SV: Phm Li 26 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Phng n ny s dng khi dng qu rng, ta c th b tr kt hp n

di phn cch trung tm v hai bn ng.

1.3.6 Phng php t s R

1.3.6.1 Cc thng s b tr hnh hc chiu sng:
L cc thng s mang tnh quyt nh nh hng n cht lng v tin
nghi chiu sng ng.
l (m): b rng lng ng.
h ( m): chiu cao n so vi ng. h
s
s (m): tm nh ra ca n (cn n).
a (m): khong cch t mp va h a
l
n hnh chiu ca n.

1.3.6.2 H s s dng ca b n:
H s s dng U ca b n l t s quang thng nhn c b mt
hu ch ca ng trn quang thng ca n.

Pha va h Pha ng
0,5

0,4 Bn che (chp su)

0,3 Bn che (chp va)

0,2

0,1

SV: Phm Li
a/h 27 Lp: K thut in -
(l-a)/h
K 0
H S S DNG
 n tt nghip cao ng

1.3.6.3 Khong cch gia hai n lin tip e

N ph thuc vo kiu b n (chp va, chp su) v chiu cao h.
m bo tnh ng u trong chiu sng cn tun th cc kch thc a ra
trong bng sau:

kiu n
Chp sau Chp bn rng
b tr n

1 bn 3h 3,5 h
2 bn i din

2 bn so le 2,7 h 3,2 h

1.3.6.4 Tnh quang thng tt ca b n

l.e.R.Ltb
tt
f u .V

Trong : V l h s gi ha V = V1 . V2
R ph thuc vo cu to mt ng tra theo bng trang 169
sch thit k chiu sng.

SV: Phm Li 28 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Chng 2
THIT K CHIU SNG V KIM TRA
THIT K CHIU SNG
2.1 c im chung v tiu chun thit k chiu sng ng cp B
2.1.1 Gii thiu chung
- Ni dung thit k: Thit k chiu sng ng cp C, ng c hai ln xe
rng 9 (m).
- ng c yu cu thit k l ng c di phn cch mm gia, c
lp b tng nha mu trung bnh.
- Khi thit k phi m bo nhng yu cu sau ( Bng 4.1 trang 89 Ti
liu 1) :
+ chi trung bnh Ltb= 1-2 cd/m2.
+ ng u theo chiu dc U1 = 0,7
+ ng u ni chung U0 = 0,4
+ Ch s tin nghi G = 5 - 6
- y l phng n quan trng nn khi thit k ngi thit k phi thit k
sao cho m bo tin cy cung cp in v thm m t yu cu tt nht.
* ng cp C:
ng cp C yu cu thit k chiu sng c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Ton tuyn c tng chiu di l 1,1 km.
+ Chiu rng lng ng l 9 m.
+ B rng va h l 3,5 m.
9m
3,5m 3,5m

Hnh 2.1

SV: Phm Li 29 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

2.1.2 Cc yu cu chung v chiu sng v cung cp in cho tuyn

ng
* Cht lng chiu sng: chi trung bnh v ng u cao, kh
nng hn ch s lo mt, mu sc nh sng phi thch hp, khi thit k trn
trc ng vn chuyn tc ln nh ng cp B, ti im kt thc phi to
ra cc vng m c chi gim vi chiu di t 100 - 150m bng cch gim
cng sut bng n hay gim i mt pha.
* Khi thit k phi m bo chc nng dn hng nh v cho cc
phng tin giao thng.
* Th hin tnh thm m, hi ho vi cnh quang mi trng th, hiu
qu kinh t, mc tiu th in nng thp, ngun sng c hiu sut pht quang
cao, tui th ca thit b v ton b h thng cao, gim chi ph vn hnh v
bo dng, p ng cc yu cu v an ton, thun tin trong vn hnh v bo
dng.
* S dng MBA 22(15)/0,4kV chuyn dng cho h thng chiu sng, st
p cui ng dy trong phm vi cho php khng qu 5%.
* iu khin h thng chiu sng bao gm h thng iu khin n (rle
thi gian, t bo quang in), v h thng iu khin t trung tm pht tn hiu
phi m bo cc chc nng sau:
+ Ra lnh ng ct h thng chiu sng.
+ iu khin chiu sng ( tt bt mt s bng n).
+Kh nng iu khin bng tay.
* Li in chiu sng (ng dy ct x s, cc chi tit cu kin khc)
phi tun theo cc qui nh v an ton li in trong xy dng TCVN 4086-
1985.
2.1.3 Cc tiu chun thit k
* Ct n

SV: Phm Li 30 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Cn c vo kho st thc a v p dng cc phng php chiu sng

hin nay ang s dng ch yu cc loi ct n b tng ly tm, ct thp hoc
tr st rng vi cc chiu cao: 7m, 8m, 10m, 12m, 14 m, 16m... Nhng hin
nay ta hay dng nht l loi: 10m, 12m.
* Cn n:
Tu theo gii php thit k chiu sng m ta chn cn n mt nhnh, hai
nhnh, ba nhnh c cc vn khc nhau: 0,5m; 1m; 1,5m; 2m; 2,5m.
* Chp n:
i vi kiu chp n hin nay: Th c 3 kiu.
- Kiu rng: Thng gy lo mt.
- Kiu su: Trnh c hin tng lo mt nhng gy ra hiu ng bt
thang. V vy khi chiu sng ng cp B em nhn thy kiu chp va l ph
hp nht, v hin nay trn th trng c kiu b n bn rng Phillips.
2.2 Chn v tnh ton thit k
2.2.1 La chn cc phng n
* Phng n 1: b tr mt bn.

Hnh 2.2

+ u im : p dng cho ng tng i hp, hoc mt pha c

hng cy, hoc mt pha un cong, c kh nng dn hng tt, chi ph lp t
thp.

SV: Phm Li 31 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

+Nhc im: ng u ni chung khng cao, m bo

chi,yu cu chiu cao n h l .
* Phng n hai: B tr n hai bn so le.

+u im: Thch hp cho nhng ng tng i rng, nhng ng

c nhiu cy xanh.
+Nhc im: Tnh dn hng thp, u chiu dc khng cao, chi
ph lp t tng i cao.
* Phng n ba: B tr n hai bn i din.

+u im: m bo lng ng lun c chiu sng mc tt nht,

kh nng dn hng tt, ng u cao,va h c chiu sng tt hn, p
dng cho ng rt rng.
+Nhc im: S lng n ln,chi ph lp t kh cao.
Nhn xt: Trong ba phng php trn th ta nhn thy phng n mt v
phng n hai p ng y cc nhu cu v kinh t k thut nn ta chn hai

SV: Phm Li 32 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

phng n ny tnh ton. Ta khng nn chn loi phng n ba v n khng

ph hp vi yu cu c thit k.
2.2.2 Tnh ton thit k
2.2.2.1 Tnh ton phng n 1
Bc 1: Ly d liu
* ng cp C yu cu thit k chiu sng c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Ton tuyn c tng chiu di l 1,1 km.
+ Chiu rng lng ng l 9 m.
+ B rng va h l 3,5 m.
+Thng thng th khong cch t ct n n mp ng: 0,5m
Bc 2: Chn chi trung bnh yu cu ( Bng 4.1 trang 89 Ti liu 1)
Tiu chun chiu sng ng theo CIE: ng c yu cu thit k l
ng cp C, c lp b tng nha mu trung bnh ta chn chi trung bnh:
Ltb= 1,5 cd/m2.
Bc 3: chn phng n b tr n
- ng hp, b tr n mt bn ng.
- Chiu cao: h = 8m, 10m, 12m, 14m, 16m...
m bo ng u, chi, yu cu chiu cao n h l.
Vy ta chn h = 10m l kinh t hn c.
Bc 4: Chn b n v loi n
- Chn b n chp va Phillips 614HGV AC 1XSON-TPP250W TP,
nghing 100, ISL = 3,3.
- chn n Natri cao p
- Vi phng n trn th ta c th s dng n c cn n
S = 0,5m; 1m; 1,5m; 2m; 2,5m.

SV: Phm Li 33 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- tnh ton ta chn ra loi n c cn n S =1m; 1,5m

tnh ton.
Bc 5: xc nh h s s dng U
Xt cn n c S = 1m

10
m
10m

3,5m 9m
a=0,5m
Hnh 2.5

Tnh h s s dng

Hnh 2.6

ng cong h s s dng ca b n bn rng Phillips

* Tnh cho n A:
Vi a = 0,5m
SV: Phm Li 34 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

a 0,5
tg1 0, 05
h 10
Tra bng ng cong h s s dng : Ta c U1 = 0,025
l a 9 0,5
tg 2 0,85
h 10

Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo: Ta c U 2 = 0.37

Vy h s s dng:
U = U1+U2 = 0,025+0,37 = 0,395
Xt cn n c chiu di S = 1,5m

10
m 3
10m 4

3,5m 9m
a=1m
Hnh 2.7

* Tnh cho n A:
Vi a = 0,5m

a 1
tg1 0,1
h 10

Tra bng ng cong h s s dng Hnh 2.6 ta c U1 = 0,045.

l a 9 1
tg 2 0,8
h 10
Tra bng ng cong h s s dng Hnh 2.6 ta c U2 = 0,36

SV: Phm Li 35 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Vy h s s dng :
U= U1+U2 = 0,045+0,36 = 0,405
* Nhn xt
Qua 2 phng n chn n c di cn n S =1m; 1,5m.
Ta thy loi n c di cn n S =1,5m c h s s dng
ln nht Umax = 0,405. Vy ta chn loi n S =1,5m tnh
ton.
Bc 6: Xc nh khong cch e gia hai n lin tip (Bng 4.5 trang 100
Ti liu1)
m bo ng u dc tuyn: emax= 3,5h
Vy emax = 3,5.10 = 35m
Vy chn e = 35m
Bc 7: Xc nh t s R (Bng 4.8 trang 101 Ti liu 1)
Vi n chp va, ng b tng ph nha trung bnh (Bng 4.8 trang 101
Ti liu1) chn R = 14
Bc 8: xc nh h s suy gim quang thng V ( bng 4.6 v
4.7 trang 100 Ti liu 1)
- H s suy gim: V = V1.V2 = 0,9 .0,9 = 0,81.
- V1: S suy gim quang thng ca n theo thi gian hot
ng mt nm, chn V1 = 0,9.
- V2: S bm bn ca n l nguyn nhn lm gim
quang thng hng nm, chn V2 = 0,9.
Bc 9: xc nh quang thng tnh ton ca b n
Quang thng ca mi bng n theo tnh ton:
l.e.Ltb .R 10.35.1,5.14
tt 22405,12(lm)
V .U 0,81.0, 405

SV: Phm Li 36 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tra bng 2.3 theo Ti liu 1 trang 27: Ta chn n c cc thng s nh

sau:

Chn bng n Natri cao p P = 250W, =27000lm, PCL = 25W

Khong cch gia hai n lin tip l:

.U .V 27000.0, 405.0,81
e 42,18m
l.Ltb .R 10.1,5.14

Vy ta chn khong cch gia hai ct n l: e = 35m

+ Tnh chi trung bnh ca lng ng:
.U .V 27000.0, 405.0,81
Ltb 2.008cd / m 2
l.e.R 9.35.14
+ Tnh ri trung bnh ca lng ng:
.U .V 27000.0, 405.0,81
Etb 25, 036lux
l.e 10.35
Tnh ri trung bnh cho va h:
Va h pha ct n
lvh a 3,5 1
tg 3 0, 45
10 10
Tra bng ng cong h s s dng Hnh 2.6 ta c U3 = 0,14
H s s dng cho va h pha ct n :
U = U3 U1= 0,14 - 0,045= 0,095
ri va h pha ct n:
.U vh .V 27000.0, 095.0,81
Etb 16,96lux
lvh .e 3,5.35

Va h pha khng ct n:
8 3,5
tg 4 1,15
10
SV: Phm Li 37 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6 ta c U4 = 0,43

H s s dng cho va h pha khng ct n :
U = U4 U2= 0,43 - 0,36= 0,07
ri va h pha khng ct n:
.U vh .V 27000.0, 07.0,81
Etb 12, 49lux
lvh .e 3,5.35

Bc 10: Kim tra ch s tin nghi (hn ch chi la) G:

G = ISL + 0,97 log Ltb + 4,41 log h-1,46logP
Trong :
cao ca n so vi mt ngi h:
h = h - 1,5 = 10 - 1,5 = 8,5m
ISL: Ch s ring ca tng b n do hng quy nh t 3 6 c tnh t
ch s khuych tn, ta chn ISL = 3,3.
p: S n trn tng km tuyn ng.
1000
p( 1) 29, 6 b
35
Vy ch s tin nghi l:
G = 3,3 + 0,97log1,5 + 4,41log8,5 - 1,46log29,6= 5,42
Ta thy G = 5,42 (Tha mn yu cu)
2.2.2.2 Tnh ton phng n 2
Bc 1: Ly d liu
* ng cp C yu cu thit k chiu sng c cc thng s nh sau:
+ Ton tuyn c tng chiu di l 1,1 km.
+ Chiu rng lng ng l 9 m.
+ B rng va h l 3,5 m.
SV: Phm Li 38 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

+Thng thng th khong cch t ct n n mp ng: 0,5m

Bc 2: chn chi trung bnh theo bng 4.1
- Chn chi trung bnh: Ltb= 1,5 cd/m2.
Bc 3: chn phng n b tr n
B tr n so le hai bn ng.
2l 2.9
m bo s ng u ta chn chiu cao h 6m
3 3
Ta chn chiu cao ct n h=8m
Bc 4: chn b n v loi n
- Chn b n chp va Phillips 614HGV AC 1XSON-TPP250W TP,
nghing 10o,
-Chn n Natri cao p
- Vi phng n trn th ta c th s dng n c cn n S
= 0,5m; 1m; 1,5m; 2m; 2,5m.
- tnh ton ta chn ra loi n c cn n S =1m; 1,5m
tnh ton.
Bc 5: xc nh h s s dng U
Xt cn n c S = 1m

A B

10
10m
m

3,5m 9m
a=0,5m
SV: Phm Li 39 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Hnh 2.9

* Tnh cho n A:
a 0,5
tg1 0, 0625
h 8

- Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6: Ta c U1

= 0,03
l a 9 0,5
tg 2 1, 0625
h 8
- Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6: Ta c
U2 = 0,42
- H s s dng cho n A:
UA= U1+U2 = 0,03 + 0,42 = 0,44
Xt cn n c chiu di S = 1,5m

A B

10
m 3
10m 4

3,5m 9m
a=1m
Hnh 2.10

*Tnh cho n A:
a 1
tg1 0,125
h 8

SV: Phm Li 40 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6: Ta c U1

= 0,048
l a 9 1
tg 2 1
h 8
- Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6: Ta c
U2 = 0,41
- H s s dng cho n A:
UA= U1+U2 = 0,048 + 0,418 = 0,458
Nhn xt
Qua 2 phng n chn n c di cn n S =1m;
1,5m, ta thy loi n c di cn n S =1,5m c h s s
dng ln nht Umax = 0,458. Vy ta chn loi n S =1,5m
tnh ton.
Bc 6: xc nh khong cch e gia hai n lin tip theo bng 4.5
trang100
m bo ng u theo chiu dc ca chi:
emax= 3,2h suy ra emax =3,2.8 = 25,6m
Bc 7: xc nh t s R theo bng 4.8
Vi b dn bn rng, lp ph mt ng nha trung bnh.Tra bng 4.8
trang 101 sch thit b v h thng chiu sng chn R = 14
Bc 8: xc nh h s suy gim quang thng V theo bng 4.6 v 4.7
- H s suy gim: V = V1.V2 = 0,9 .0,9 = 0,81.
- V1: S suy gim quang thng ca n theo thi gian hot
ng mt nm, chn V1= 0,9.
- V2: S bm bn ca n l nguyn nhn lm gim
quang thng hng nm, chn V2= 0,9.

SV: Phm Li 41 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Bc 9: xc nh quang thng tnh ton ca b n

- Quang thng ca n:
l.e.Ltb .R 9.25,6.1,5.14
tt 13042, 21lm
V .U 0,81.0, 458

- Tra bng 2.3 theo [1], trang 27. Ta chn n c cc thng

s nh sau:

Chn bng n Natri cao p P 150W , 14000lm, Pcl 20W

+ Chn li khong cch e:

.U .V 14000.0, 458.0,81
e 27, 48m
l.Ltb .R 9.1,5.14

Chn e = 25,6m
+ Tnh chi trung bnh ca lng ng:
.U .V 14000.0, 458.0,81
Ltb 1, 61cd / m 2
l.e.R 9.25, 6.14

+ Tnh ri trung bnh ca lng ng:

.U .V 14000.0, 458.0,81
Etb 22,54lux
l.e 9.25, 6

Tnh ri trung bnh cho va h

* Tnh cho n A:
Va h pha n A
lvh a 3,5 1
tg 3 0,5625
8 8
Tra bng ng cong h s s dng Hnh 2.6 ta c U3 = 0,16
H s s dng cho va h pha n A:
U = U3 U1= 0,16 - 0,048= 0,112

SV: Phm Li 42 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

ri va h pha n A:
.U vh .V 14000.0,112.0,81
Etb 2 14,175lux
lvh .e 3,5.25, 6

Va h pha n B do n A chiu sang:

8 3,5
tg 4 1, 4375
8

Tra bng ng cong h s s dng theo Hnh 2.6 ta c U4 = 0,47

H s s dng cho va h pha n B do n A chiu sang:
U = U4 U2= 0,47 - 0,418= 0,052
ri va h pha n B do n A chiu sang:
.U vh .V 14000.0, 052.0,81
Etb 2 6,58lux
lvh .e 3,5.25, 6

Vy ri trung bnh va h l:
Etb Etb1 Etb 2 14,175 6,58 20, 76lux

Bc 10: Kim tra ch s tin nghi:

Ch s tin nghi:
G = ISL + 0,97logLtb + 4,41 log h-1,46logP
Trong :
h = h - 1,5 = 8- 1,5 = 6,5m
ISL: Ch s ring ca tng b n do hng quy nh t 3
6 c tnh t ch s khuych tn ta chn ISL = 3,3.

p: S n trn tng km tuyn ng.

1000
p 1 40, 06 b.
25, 6

ta ly p=40b
SV: Phm Li 43 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Vy ch s tin nghi l:
G = 3,3 + 0,97log1,5 + 4,41 log 6,5 - 1,46log40 = 4,74
Ta thy G = 4,74 (Thiu tin nghi)
2.2.2.3 Tnh cng sut tiu th ca hai phng n
Phng n I
- S b n trn 1100m tuyn ng:
1100
p 1 32, 4 b
35

- S ct n:
1100
n 1 32, 4 ct
35

- Tng cng sut:

P ( Pd Pcl ) .s b n = (250+25).32,4 = 8910W

Phng n II
- S b n trn 1100m tuyn ng:

1100
p 1 43,97 b
25, 6

- S ct n:

1100
n 1 43, 97 ct
25, 6

- Tng cng sut: P ( Pd Pcl ) .s b n =

(150+20).43,97 = 7475W
2.2..2.4. So snh cc phng n
- Sau khi tin hnh tnh ton, ta c bng so snh hai ph-
ng n :
SV: Phm Li 44 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

(bng 2.1).

Phng n 1 Phng n 2
h =10m, R =14, Ltb = h =8m, R =14, Ltb =
1,5cd/m2 1,5cd/m2
s =1,5m, ISL = 3,3, V = 0,81 s =1,5m, ISL = 3,3, V=0,81
+H s s dng ca h -H s s dng ca h thng:
thng: U = 0,458
U = 0,405 +Quang thng ca n:
+Quang thng ca n:
=14000lm; P =150W; Pcl
=27000lm; P =250W; Pcl =20W
=25W +Khong cch e = 25,6m
+Khong cch e = 35m + chi trung bnh lng -
+ chi trung bnh ca lng ng
ng: Ltb = 1,61cd/m2
Ltb = 2cd/m2 + ri trung bnh lng -
+ ri trung bnh ca lng ng:
ng: Etb = 22,54lux
Etb = 25,036lux + ri trung bnh ca va
+ ri trung bnh ca va h:
h pha ct n: Etb = 16,96 lux Etb = 20,76lux
+ ri trung bnh ca va + Ch s tin nghi:
h pha khng ct n: Etb =
G = 4,74
12,49 lux
+S b n trn 1100m tuyn
+Ch s tin nghi:
ng:
G = 5,42

SV: Phm Li 45 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

+ S b n trn 1100m p =44 b n; n = 44 ct

tuyn ng: + Tng cng sut: P =
p =32,4 b n; n = 32,4ct 7475W
+ Tng cng sut: P =
8910W

Bng 2.1

- Qua bng so snh kt qu ca hai phng n tnh ton

trn ta thy phng n mt l phng n c nhiu u im nh
sau:
+ S ct n t, s b n t nn c li v kinh t.
+ C iu kin m rng lng ng sau ny.
T nhng u im trn ta quyt nh chn phng n mt l
phng n ti u tnh ton.
2.3 Kim tra ri v chi ca ng bng phng php im
2.3.1 Gii thiu chung
on ng ta chn l mt hnh ch nht c b rng l l, nm gia hai ct
n lin tip (khong cch e), ct u cch ngi quan st 60m. Ngi quan
st ng bn phi hoc bn tri 1/4 chiu rng.
Li im c chn nh sau:
- Hai im trn mt ln ng theo trc ngang.
- 3, 6 hoc 9 im theo trc dc nu e nh hoc bng 18, 36 hoc 54m.

SV: Phm Li 46 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Lng ng em thit k c 2 ln, v khong cch e gia hai n lin tip

l 42m. Nh vy theo tiu chun th lng ng s c 36 im cn kim tra
ri v chi.
2.3.2 Kim tra chi bng phng php im
Li im cn kim tra gm 24 im nh hnh v: (Hnh 2.4).
2.3.2a Kim tra ri v chi ti im 1
C

B
A

e=31,5m
10m

1,5m 6
p 5
4
3
1 2

P
0.5m 10
11
12
9
8
7

l 9m 17
18
16
15
14
13

24
23
22
21
20
19
60m

l/4

Ngi
quan
st

Hnh 2.12 Kim tra chi bng phng php im

a. ri v chi ti im 1
* n B:
C
Ta c: B= 900 I = 900 - arctg(5,625/60)= 84,640 B
A

CB = 900
e=31,5m
10m
0
tgB = tg II = 0,125/10 suy ra B = 0,72
1,5m 5
6
4
1p 2 3

P 12
0.5m 9 10
11
8
7

+ Xc nh cng sng ca n:
l 9m
14
15 16
17 18

13
24
23
22

47
21

SV: Phm Li 60m Lp: K thut in - 19

20

K l/4

Ngi
quan
stt
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tra Bng 4.14 trang 121 Ti liu1 ta c:

I CB = 60 CB = 75
B = 0 161 161

B = 10 226 231

* Vi CB = 60 : Ni suy IB theo B
(226 161) (0, 72 0)
I 161 165, 68 cd
(10 0)

* Vi CB = 75 : Ni suy IB theo B
(231 161) (0, 72 0)
I 161 166, 04 cd
(10 0)

* Ngoi suy theo Cb = 90 0

( I 191,94).(75 60)
194,32 191, 94
(90 60)

I = 166,4 cd
Vy cng sng ca n Natri cao p c quang thng = 27000lm l:
27000
I dB 166, 4 4492,8 cd
1000

+ Xc nh tr s R:
Ta tra tr s R theo Bng 4.13 trang 117 vi loi lp ph mt ng R4.
(Bng 4.9 trang 113)

Rb B = 75 B = 90

tg B = 0 264.10-4 264.10-4
SV: Phm Li 48 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

tg B = 0,25 231.10-4 224.10-4

* Vi B = 75 : Ni suy R theo tg B

(231.104 264.104 ) (0, 0125 0)

R 264.104 262,35.104
(0, 25 0)

* Vi B = 90 : Ni suy R theo tg B

(224.104 264.10 4 ) (0, 0125 0)

R 264.10 4 262.10 4
(0, 25 0)

* Ni suy theo B = 84,640

(262.104 262,35.104 ) (84, 64 75)

R 262,35.104 262,12.10 4
(90 75)

ri v chi ti im 1 do n B tc dng:

I dB .cos3 B 4492,8 cos 3 0, 720

EB V 0,81 36,38 lx
h2 102

R.I dB 262,12.104 4492,8

LB 2 V 0,81 0,95 cd/m2
h 102

b. ri v chi ti im 7
2.3.2b Kim tra ri v chi ti im 7

SV: Phm Li 49 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

B
A

e=35m
10m

1,5m 5
6
4
3
1 2

P p

0.5m 9
10
11
12

8
7

l 9m 16
17
18
15
14
13

24
23
22
21
20
19

60m

l/4

Ngi
quan
st

Hnh 2.13

* n B:
Ta c: B= 900 I = 900 - arctg(3,375/60) = 86,780
CB = 900
tgB = tg II = 1,25/10 suy ra B = 7,130
+ Xc nh cng sng ca n:
Tra Bng 4.14 trang 121 Ti liu1 ta c:

I CB = 60 CB = 75
B = 0 161 161

B = 10 226 231

* Vi CB = 60 : Ni suy IB theo B

SV: Phm Li 50 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

(226 161) (7,13 0)

I 161 207, 35 cd
(10 0)

* Vi CB = 75 : Ni suy IB theo B
(231 161) (7,13 0)
I 161 210,91 cd
(10 0)

* Ngoi suy theo CB = 90 0

( I 207,35).(75 60)
210,91 207,35
(90 60)

I = 214,47 cd
Vy cng sng ca n Natri cao p c quang thng = 27000lm l:
27000
I dB 214, 47 5790, 69 cd
1000
+ Xc nh tr s R:
Ta tra tr s R theo Bng 4.13 trang 117 vi loi lp ph mt ng R4.
(Bng 4.9 trang 113)

Rb B = 75 B = 90

tg B = 0 264.10-4 264.10-4

tg B = 0,25 231.10-4 224.10-4

* Vi B = 75 : Ni suy R theo tg B

(231.10 4 264.10 4 ) (0,125 0)

R 264.104 247,5.104
(0, 25 0)

* Vi B = 90 : Ni suy R theo tg B

SV: Phm Li 51 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

(224.104 264.104 ) (0,125 0)

R 264.104 244.104
(0, 25 0)

* Ni suy theo B = 86,780

(244.10 4 247,5.10 4 ) (86, 78 75)

R 247,5.10 4 244, 25.104
(90 75)

ri v chi ti im 7 do n B tc dng:

I dB .cos3 B 5790, 69 cos3 7,130

EB V 0,81 45,82 lx
h2 102

R.I dB 244, 25.104 5790, 69

LB 2
V 2
0,81 1,15 cd/m2
h 10
ri v chi cc im cn li: Cch tnh tng t nh
im 1 v im 7 vi cc im cn li. Kt qu cho trong cc
bng s liu sau:
* ri n B ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng thit k
:

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

E 36,3 11,4 5,44 3,25 1,25 0,59

8 8

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

E 45,8 37,9 17,0 11,8 5,19 3,61

2 7 1 3

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

E 39,9 20,3 13,0 5,69 2,57 1,12

8 0 0

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

SV: Phm Li 52 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

E 33,1 17 , 11,1 5,43 2,04 0,85

2 61 2

E 332,65
ri trung bnh: EBtb 13,86 lx
24 24
* chi n B ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng thit
k :

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

L 0,95 0,28 0,14 0,12 0,09 0,04

1 6 0 3 8

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

L 1,15 0,89 0,60 0,41 0,24 0,16

7 5 6 5 8

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

L 0,98 0,55 0,46 0,26 0,14 0,08

2 6 0 9 4 4

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

L 0,82 0,51 0,40 0,20 0,12 0,04

2 8 2 4 6 7

L 8,8
chi trung bnh: LBtb 0,366 cd/m2
24 24
* n C:
Do tnh cht i xng nn t n B ta suy ra ri v chi n C
Kt qu cho trong cc bng s liu sau:

SV: Phm Li 53 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

* ri n C ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng thit k

:

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

E 0,59 1,25 3,25 5,44 11,4 36,3

8 8

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

E 3,61 5,19 11,8 17,0 37,9 45,8

3 1 7 2

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

E 1,12 2,57 5,69 13,0 20,3 39,9

0 0 8

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

E 0,85 2,04 5,43 11,1 17 , 33,1

2 61 2

E 332,65
ri trung bnh: ECtb 13,86 lux
24 24
* chi n C ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng thit
k :

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

L 0,04 0,09 0,12 0,14 0,28 0,95

8 3 0 6 1

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

L 0,16 0,24 0,41 0,60 0,89 1,15

SV: Phm Li 54 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

8 5 6 5 7

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

L 0,08 0,14 0,26 0,46 0,55 0,98

4 4 9 0 6 2

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

L 0,04 0,12 0,20 0,40 0,51 0,82

7 6 4 2 8 2

L 8,8
chi trung bnh: LCtb 0,366 cd/m2
24 24
* ri v chi c 2 n B v C:
Kt qu cho trong cc bng s liu sau:
* ri n B v C ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng
thit k :

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

E 36,9 12,7 8,69 8,69 12,7 36,9

7 3 3 7

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

E 49,4 43,1 28,8 28,8 43,1 49,4

3 6 4 4 6 3

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

E 41,1 22,8 18,6 18,6 22,8 41,1

7 9 9 7

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

SV: Phm Li 55 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

E 33,9 19,6 16,5 16,5 19,6 33,9

7 5 5 5 5 7

E 665,3
ri trung bnh: Etb 27, 72 lx
24 24
* chi n B v C ti cc im trn li kim tra ca ng
thit k :

im 1 2 3 4 5 6

L 0,99 0,37 0,26 0,26 0,37 0,99

8 4 6 6 4 8

im 7 8 9 10 11 12

L 1,31 1,14 1,02 1,02 1,14 1,31

8 2 1 1 2 8

im 13 14 15 16 17 18

L 1,06 0,70 0,72 0,72 0,70 1,06

6 0 9 9 0 6

im 19 20 21 22 23 24

L 0,86 0,64 0,60 0,60 0,64 0,86

9 4 6 6 4 9

L 15, 76
chi trung bnh: Ltb 0, 657 cd/m2
24 24
ng u ni chung ca chi:
Lmin 0, 266
U0 0, 405 > 0,4 (tho mn yu cu)
Ltb 0, 657

SV: Phm Li 56 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

ng u theo chiu dc ca chi

Lmin 0, 266
U1 0, 702 > 0,7 (tho mn yu cu)
Lmax 1,06

c.Nhn xt
T kt qu trn ta thy rng vic thit k chiu sng cho tuyn ng
tho mn cc yu cu v chiu sng, ng u m bo.

SV: Phm Li 57 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Chng 3. M PHNG CHIU SNG NG NGUYN

TH NH BNG PHN MM DIALUX
Chng 3.
M PHNG CHIU SNG NG L DUN BNG PHN
MM DIALUX
1 Gii thiu giao din Dialux v.4.10
Ca s khi ng ca DIALux 4.10
Sau khi kch chut khi ng, ca s Welcome ca DIALux s xut hin bn
chn tip (Hnh 3.1)

Hnh 3.1
Ti ca s Welcome bn phi chn 1 trong 6 chc nng:
- New Interior Project: Lp mt d n chiu sng ni tht mi.
- New Exterior Project: Lp mt d n chiu sng ngoi tht mi.
- New Street Project: Lp mt d n chiu sng giao thng mi.
SV: Phm Li 58 Lp: K thut in -
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- DIALux Wizards: Phn tr gip thit lp nhanh d n.

- Open Last Project: M d n mi lm vic ln sau cng.
- Open Project: M mt d n lu tr.
Nu bn chn phn tr gip thit lp nhanh th ca s Wizard selection s xut
hin (Hnh 3.2) bn chn tip cho mt thit k chiu sng ni tht (DIALux
Light); Thit k nhanh mt d n (Quick Planing); Thit k chuyn nghip nhanh
mt d n (Professional Quick Planing); hoc Thit k nhanh mt d n chiu sng
giao thng (Quick Street Planing).

Hnh 3.2
2 Thit k chiu sng ng L Dun bng phn mm Dialux v.4.10
a. D liu thit k: ng cp C yu cu thit k chiu sng c cc thng s nh
sau:
- ng hai chiu rng 9m.
- Ton tuyn c tng chiu di l 1100m.
- B rng va h l 3,5m

SV: Phm Li 59 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- Mt ng theo Rtable: R3007, h s phn chiu Q0: 0.070

- n cng sut 250W/cao p natri
- n lp cao: 10m
- ngng n (inclination): 150
- Tr lp t mt bn.
- Khong cch treo n (overhang): 0,5m
- Khong cch tr: 42m
b. Cc bc thit k:
Bc 1 : Khi ng DIALux t Start - All Programs-DIALux-DIALux 4.2

Hoc t biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop

Bc 2: Ti ca s Welcome ca DIALux, chn New Street Project

Hnh 3.3

SV: Phm Li 60 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Bc 3: Sau khi chn New Street Project, ton b ca s mn hnh DIALux s

xut hin. Mn hnh CAD bn phi ca DIALux s c mt con ng chnh. Bn
tri mn hnh CAD l Project Manager.
- Project manager, chn Project. t tn cho d n, v m t v d n. Cc
thng tin lin h v cng ty v c nhn
- Chn thm ng v cc thnh phn lin quan: Dng mi tn qua li
Project Manager tm th. Bn chn th Arrangement chn thm ng v cc
thnh phn khc ca ng theo yu cu. Hoc vo Menu Paste, chn Street
Elements chn:

Hnh 3.4
- Chn Street 1, Chn th nh Arrangement.
. Lay-by: Thm mt ch lm u xe bn ng.
. Sidewalk : Thm va h cho ngi i b.
. Grass Strip : Thm cc mng c xanh.
. Bicycle Lane: Thm ln ng cho xe p.
. Emergency Lane: Thm ln ng khn cp.

SV: Phm Li 61 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- Chn Sidewalk : Thm va h cho ngi i b.

Cc thnh phn mi chn vo u nm pha trn con ng chnh, di chuyn v
tr, chn thnh phn Project Manager, sau kch vo mi tn ln xung
di chuyn. Kch vo x xo.
Bc 4: Hiu chnh thng s v ng.
- hiu chnh thng s ca tng thnh phn, ta chn thnh phn mun hiu
chnh, chn th General Project Manager
- Ta c th nhp tn cho tng thnh phn (Name), B rng ca thnh phn
(Width), S ln ng (Number of Lane) cao ca thnh phn (Height).
+ Chn vo Roadway 1. Vo th General, nhp tn cho ng tu
+ Width: nhp 14.
+ Number of Lanes: nhp 1.

Hnh 3.5
+ Chn Sidewalk 1: t tn tu , Width nhp 7, Height: nhp 0.2
+ Thao tc tng t cho Sidewalk 2

SV: Phm Li 62 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Bc 5: Chn n.
Vo Menu Luminaire Selection chn DIALux Catalogs. Chn nh sn xut m ta
ci t d liu. Chn dng n Outdoor hoc Road lighting. Chn n v cng
sut ph hp.
Trong bi ny:
+ Chn bng n Philips
+ Chn dng n Outdoor
+ Chn loi n 611HGV AC 1xSON-T400W TP P15
Chn Add v Close tr v mn hnh CAD ca DIALux.

Hnh 3.6
Bc 6: Phn b n v hiu chnh n
Project manager, ta kch chn vo tn n. Vo Menu Paste, chn
Luminaire Arrangement - Street Arrangement. Hoc biu tng trn thanh cng
c.
th nh Boom ta nhp cc thng s chnh xc v lp t ca b n:

SV: Phm Li 63 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

. Boom Length: Chiu di ca cn.

. Boom Inclination: ngng ca cn tnh bng .
. Overhang: Khong cch treo n tnh t l
. Distance Pole to: Khong cch dng tr tnh t l
. Angle of Rotation: Gc xoay ca cn
th nh Pole Arrangement nhp cc thng s chnh xc v phn b tr trn
ng:
. Mounting Height: cao lp n
. Height : cao ca n so vi mt phng lm vic (mt phng tnh ton
chiu sng)
. No. of Luminaire per Pole: s n trn mi tr
. Pole Distance : Khong cch gia 2 tr
. Longitudinal Displacement: Khong cch dch chuyn so vi vng tnh ton.
Trong tnh ton chiu sng giao thng th khong ny phi bng 0.

Hnh 3.7

SV: Phm Li 64 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Chn Insert thit lp cc thng s.

Bc 7: Lu tp tin
Vo Menu File, chn Save t tn cho tp tin d n, chn ni lu tr, chn OK
lu tr. Cancel hu b.
Bc 8: Tnh ton chiu sng
Vo Menu Output, Chn Configure Output xc nh nhng i lng cn
tnh ton. Sau chn Start Calculation chng trnh tnh ton.

Hnh 3.8
Bc 9: In bo co.

Chn trn thanh cng c xem kt qu v iu chnh nu cn thit .

Chn trn thanh cng c tr li Project Manager cho vic chnh sa.
Sau khi iu chnh t yu cu v chiu sng, vo Menu File, chn Print
in bo co kt qu chiu sng.

Vo Menu File chn Save hoc biu tng trn thanh cng c lu
li d n trc khi ng chng trnh hoc qua mt d n mi.

SV: Phm Li 65 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Hnh 3.10

SV: Phm Li 66 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

SV: Phm Li 67 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

SV: Phm Li 68 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

T kt qu trn ta thy rng vic thit k chiu sng cho tuyn ng tho mn
cc yu cu v chiu sng, ng u m bo.

SV: Phm Li 69 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Chng 4 TNH TON THIT K H THNG

CUNG CP IN
4.1 Gii thiu chung
Tuyn ng yu cu thit k cp in c chiu di 1100m
H thng cung cp in c nhim v cung cp cho h thng chiu sng in
p n nh v tn tht in p nm trong phm vi cho php. Ngoi ra h thng
cung cp in phi m bo sao cho qu trnh vn hnh v sa cha c n
gin nht. Nh vy vic tnh ton v thit k cung cp in cho h thng chiu
sng l mt phn quan trng trong vic thit k chiu sng ng.
4.2 Phng n cung cp in cho h thng
+ Phng n 1: Ni trc tip vo li in h th ca cc
h tiu th.

Hnh 4.1

SV: Phm Li 70 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

* u im: Phng n ny h thng chiu sng dng chung

mng in h th vi cc h tiu th nn gim ng k vn
u t mua my bin p do tnh kinh t cao.
* Nhc im: Khi gp s c cn sa cha b phn no
trong mng in ta c th phi ct in ton h thng, do
tin cy chiu sng khng m bo.
+ Phng n 2 : Thit k 1 trm bin p ring cho h
thng chiu sng.

Hnh 4.2

* u im:
tin cy cung cp in lun c m bo.
D dng theo di, vn hnh v sa cha.
* Nhc im:

SV: Phm Li 71 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Phng n ny ch p dng cho nhng on ng ngn

cng sut tiu th ca h thng nh.
+ Phng n 3: Thit k 2 trm bin p cho h thng
chiu sng.
Ta phn tuyn ng cn chiu sng thnh 2 on. Mi trm
bin p cung cp cho mt on.

Hnh 4.3

* u im:
tin cy cung cp in lun c m bo.
Gim tn tht in p v tn tht in nng.

SV: Phm Li 72 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

* Nhc im:
Vn u t mua my bin p ln.

4.2.4. Chn phng n cung cp in

Da vo u nhc im ca 3 phng n cung cp in ni
trn ta thy phng n 2 l phng n hp l nht cho on -
ng m em thit k chiu sng. Phng n ny m bo cung
cp in cho mng in chiu sng, h thng in chiu
sng khng lin quan n mng in sinh hot do qu
trnh vn hnh v sa cha n gin hn, tn tht in
p v tn tht in nng nm trong phm vi cho php. Nh
vy phng n 2 l phng n cung cp in cho h thng
chiu sng.
Thit k 1 trm bin p ring cho h thng chiu sng

SV: Phm Li 73 Lp: K thut in -

Hnh 4.4
K
 n tt nghip cao ng

4.3 Tnh ton chn my bin p

Tnh ton chn my bin p l nhim v quan trng, khi chn my bin p
phi tho mn cc iu kin sau:
+An ton v m bo cp in lin tc.
+Tit kim vn u t v chi ph vn hnh.
+Thng thng ngi ta chn my bin p theo iu kin sau:
SMBA 1,25 SHTCS
Trong :
SMBA : Dung lng my bin p (KV.A).
SHTCS : Dung lng ca h thng chiu sng (KV.A).
4.3.1 Tnh cng sut ca h thng v trm bin p
Tng cng sut ca cc n:
P = (P + PCL) N1 = (250+25).27=7425 (W)
Trong :
P : Cng sut ca 1 n (W).
PCL : Cng sut ca chn lu n (W).
N1 : S n chnh trn tuyn ng.
4.3.2 Dung lng my bin p tnh ton v chn my bin p
Cng sut biu kin tnh ton cho my bin p:

SV: Phm Li 74 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Ptt P 7, 425
Stt 8, 74 KVA
cos cos 0,85

Dung lng my bin p cn chn l:

SMBA = 1,25.SHTCS hay SMBA = 1,25 8,74 = 10,93KVA
Tra bng ph lc 1.5 theo [2], trang 25 s tay la chn v tra cu thit b
in t 0,4 n 500 Kv. Ta chn my bin p phn phi hai cp in p do
Cng ty Thit b in ng Anh ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.1

Cng Trng lng

Tn hao (W) Kch thc bao (mm)
sut (kg)
nh in
mc Dng
p Tm
(kVA) in
Um ngn bnh
khng Ton
(kV) Khng mch xe Du
C ti ti I0 Di Rng cao b
ti UN (mm) (lit)
(%) (kg)
(%)

50 22/0,4 185 850 1,8 4 1240 650 1480 450 180 660

4.4 Tnh ton chn cc phn t bo v cao p

4.4.1. Chn dao cch ly
Chn dao cch ly theo cc yu cu sau:
in p nh mc: Udm CL = UdmT = 22KV
S mba 50
Dng in nh mc: Idm CL = I1dm = 1,312 A
3.U1dm 3.22

Trong :
Udm CL , Idm CL : in p v dng in nh mc ca dao cch ly.
UdmT : in p nh mc ng dy trung p.

SV: Phm Li 75 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

I1dm : Dng in nh mc pha cao p my bin p.

Tra bng ph lc 2.32 theo [2], trang 127. Ta chn dao cch ly trung p t
ngoi tri do Cng ty Thit b in ng Anh ch to c cc thng s nh
sau:
Bng 4.2

Loi in p Dng in Dng in Dng in Khi lng

danh ngha danh ngha ngn mch n nh (kg)
(kV) (A) cho php nhit (kA)
(kA)

DN 24 200 23 8 90
24/200

4.4.2 Chn cu ch cao p

Chn cu ch theo yu cu sau:
- in p nh mc: Udm CC = Udm T = 22KV
- Dng in nh mc: Idm CC = I1dm = 1,312A
Tra bng ph lc 2.21 theo [2], trang 121. Ta chn cu ch cao p loi 3GD1
401-4B do SIEMENS ch to vi cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.3

Ict Khi
Udm Idm Di ng knh Ict N P
Nmin lng
(Kv) (A) (mm) (mm) (KA) (W)
(KA) (kg)

24 6 442 69 40 25 35 3,8

4.4.3 Chn chng st van

SV: Phm Li 76 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Mc ch chnh ca vic t chng st van l kh sng qu in p ca

st khi st nh vo h thng in chiu sng.
Tra bng ph lc 8.1 theo [2], trang 380. Ta chn chng st van do hng
Cooper (M) ch to c cc thng s nh sau:
Bng 4.4

Gi Gi cng
Udm Gi Gi Gi hnh
MBA v xn kiu
(KV) ngang khung khi
ng dy dn khung

AZLP501B AZLP519B AZLP531A AZLP531B AZLP519C2

24
24 24 24 24 4

4.5 Tnh ton chn dy dn cao p

C nhiu cch chn tit din dy dn nh l chn theo iu kin tn tht
in p cho php, chn theo mt dng in kinh t, chn theo iu kin ph
tn kim loi mu nh nht, trong n ny em chn dy dn theo mt dng
in kinh t.
Tit din dy dn c xc nh:

I max
Ftt
J kt
Trong :
Ftt : Tit din tnh ton ca dy dn.
Imax : Dng in lm vic ln nht ca h thng in chiu sng.
Jkt : Mt dng in kinh t.
Dng in lm vic ln nht ca h thng c xc nh:
Imax = I1dm . K = 1,312 . 2 = 2,624 A (K : H s chn)
Tra bng ph lc ta chn Jkt = 1,1 A/mm2 (vi Tmax = 3000-5000h).

SV: Phm Li 77 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tit din dy dn tnh ton:

I max 2, 624
Ftt 2, 38mm 2
J kt 1,1

Tra bng phc lc 4.6 trang 230. Ta chn dy nhm li thp do CADIVI
ch to c cc thng s nh sau:
Bng 4.5

Tit din Tit din ng knh

R0 IN
nh mc tnh ton Nhm Thp

mm2 mm2 mm Mm /km A

16/2,7 16/2,69 5,60 1,90 1,7818 105

ng dy ny ni t li trung p n my bin p ca h thng chiu

sng, chiu di ng dy ngn do khng cn kim tra tn tht in p.
4.6 Chn cc thit b pha h p
4.6.1 Chn aptomat tng
Tnh chn aptomat tng vi dng ct nh mc: Ic = K.Idm h
Trong :
Ic : Dng ct nh mc ca aptomat.
Idm h : Dng in nh mc pha h p ca h thng chiu sng.
Chn K = 2 (Khi khi ng cc n th dng in tng gp i).
Dng in nh mc pha h p ca h thng chiu sng c xc nh:
Stt 8740
I dmh 15, 622 A
3.U dmh cos 3.380.0,85

Nh vy: Ic = K.Idm h = 2.15,622 = 31,244A

SV: Phm Li 78 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tra bng ph lc 3.27 theo [2], trang 162. Ta chn aptomat loi S253 in
p 230/400, dng ct ngn mch IN = 10kA do ABB ch to c cc thng s
sau:

Bng 4.6

S cc Idm (A) M s Du ct

3 63 S 253-B63 GJF 253 0001 R6304

4.6.2 Chn Cngtct

Trong s cung cp in cho chiu sng ng ta phi thit k mt h
thng t ng ng ct h thng chiu sng. H thng s c iu khin
bi 2 cngtct 3 pha l K1 v K2. Trong K1 dng ct bt 2/3 s n
khi v khuya nhm mc ch tit kim in nng, cngtct K2 c nhim v
ng ct 1/3 s n cn li. Tuy nhin ta phi b tr cc n theo mt quy lut
no vic ng ct ny vn m bo h thng in lm vic bnh thng,
khng b lch pha, ngoi ra th h thng phi m bo ng u chiu sng.
* Chn cngtct K1:
Cng sut nhnh 1 (K1) thc hin ng ct 2/3 s n:
P1 = 2/3 P = 2/3 7425 = 4950W
Dng in ca nhnh 1:
P1 4950
I1 8,85 A
3.U dmh .cos 3.380.0,85

Dng in nh mc ca K1 c gi tr: IC1 = 2 I1 = 2 8,85 = 17,7 A

Ta chn cngtct theo bng 3.20 s tay la chn v tra cu thit b
in c cc thng s sau: Udm = 400V, Idm = 100A

SV: Phm Li 79 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

* Chn cngtct K2:

Cng sut nhnh 2 (K2) thc hin ng ct 1/3 s n:
P2 = 1/3 P = 1/3 7425 =2475 W
Dng in ca nhnh 2:
P2 2475
I1 4, 424 A
3.U dmh .cos 3.380.0,85

Dng in nh mc ca K2 c gi tr: IC2 = 2 I2 = 2 4,424 = 8,848 A

Ta chn cngtct theo bng 3.20 s tay la chn v tra cu thit b in
c cc thng s sau: Udm = 400V, Idm = 40A
4.6.3 Chn my bin dng in
Mc ch vic chn my bin dng in l o lng.
Chn my bin dng theo iu kin: ImBI = Imh = 15,622 A
Tra bng ph lc 8.9 theo [2], trang 389. Ta chn my bin dng in c
cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.7

Um
Loi I1dm (A) Cp chnh xc S cun th cp
(KV)

TKM -0,5 0,5 5800 0,5 1

4.7 Chn cp h p
4.7.1 Yu cu
Phi m bo st p cc i = 3% Umh (3% 220 = 6,6V) cc u
vo ca n, nu khng th quang thng n s gim i v do s khng m
bo yu cu chiu sng. Ngoi ra th cp cn phi m bo lm vic bnh
thng v c bn c hc.
4.7.2 S cp in:

SV: Phm Li 80 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

ng ca
pB
ng ca
pB

U? NG DY TRUNG P 22KV

Hnh 4.2
My bin p c dung lng v kch thc nh, trm bin p c xy
dng theo kiu hp kn chuyn dng cho chiu sng cng cng.
T trm bin p, in p h p c dn n t phn phi iu khin,
bo v v cung cp in cho h thng chiu sng.
Thit b bo v: Aptomat v cu ch.
Thit b ng ct: Cngtct.
Thit b iu khin: B chuyn mch, b phn iu khin t ng.
Mng in cung cp cho cc n phi c b tr sao cho tn tht in nng
v st p trn ng dy l nh nht.
4.7.3 Tnh tit din dy dn
a. Chn cp phn phi t t phn phi n im A
Gi thit rng t phn phi t pha trong va h. Nh vy khong cch t
t phn phi n A l 21m.
Dng in chy trn on cp l:
P 7425
I1 13, 27 A
3.U dmh .cos 3.380.0,85

Dng in khi ng:

I1kd = 2. I1 = 2 13,27 = 26,54 A
Tra bng ph lc 4.24 theo [2], trang 249. Ta chn cp h p bn li
ng cch in PVC do LENS ch to c cc thng s sau:

SV: Phm Li 81 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Bng 4.8

F d(mm) M r0 ICP
(mm2) Li V (kg/km) ( /km) (A)

4G25 6 25,5 1294 0,727 127

st p trn on cp chn:
.I1.l1 22.13, 27.0, 021
U A 0, 25V
SA 25

Vy tho iu kin: U U CP
Kim tra n nh nhit ca cp theo iu kin: 2.I1 =26,54 K1.K2.ICP (A).
Trong :
K1 : H s xt n mi trng t cp (K1 = 0,9).
K2 : H s iu chnh theo s lng cp t trong cng rnh (K2 = 1).
Ta c: K1.K2.ICP = 0,9.1.127 = 114,3A> I1kd = 26,54 A
Nh vy cp chn m bo iu kin n nh nhit.
b. Tit din cp
* Xt nhnh 1:
Cng sut nhnh 1:
P1 = 2/3 PAB = 2/3 7425 = 4950W
Dng in ca nhnh 1:
P 4950
I1 8,85 A
3.U dmh .cos 3.380.0,85

Tn tht in p t n u n n cui trn nhnh 1

.I1.l1 22.8,85.2
U1 3, 6V
2 S1 2.S1

SV: Phm Li 82 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Trong :
: in tr sut ca ng ( = 22 /km/mm2).

l1 : Chiu di ca on ng
720,94
Tit din S1 chn theo iu kin: S1 109, 23mm 2
3, 6

Tra bng ph lc 4.24 theo [2], trang 249. Ta chn cp ng h p 4 li cch

in PVC do LENS ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.9

F d(mm) M r0 ICP
(mm2) Li V (kg/km) ( /km) (A)

4G150 14 52,5 6605 0,124 395

st p trn on cp chn:
.I1.l1 22.8,85.2
U 1 4, 65V
2 S1 2.150

Vy tho iu kin: U U CP .
Kim tra n nh nhit ca cp theo iu kin: 2.I1 =17,7 K1.K2.ICP (A).
Trong :
K1 : H s xt n mi trng t cp (K1 = 0,9).
K2 : H s iu chnh theo s lng cp t trong cng rnh (K2 = 0,9).
Ta c: K1.K2.ICP = 0,9 0,9 395 = 319,95 A > I1kd = 65,54 A
Nh vy cp chn m bo iu kin n nh nhit.
* Xt nhnh 2:
Cng sut nhnh 2:
P2 = 1/3 P = 1/3 2750 = 9166,7W

SV: Phm Li 83 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Dng in ca nhnh 2:
P2 9166, 7
I1 16,38 A
3.U dmh .cos 3.380.0,85

Tn tht in p t n u n n cui trn nhnh 2

.I1.l1 22.16,38.2
U 2 6, 6V
2S2 2.S 2

360,36
Tit din S2 chn theo iu kin: S 2 27,3mm 2
6, 6

Tra bng ph lc 4.24 theo [2], trang 249. Ta chn cp ng h p 4 li cch

in PVC do LENS ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.10

F d(mm) M r ICP
(mm2) Li V (kg/km) ( /km) (A)

4G95 11,1 42,5 4150 0,193 298

st p trn on cp chn:
.I1.l1 22.16, 38.2
U 2 3, 79V
2S2 2.95

Vy tho iu kin: U U CP .
Kim tra n nh nhit ca cp theo iu kin: : 2.I2 =32,76 K1.K2.ICP (A).
Trong :
K1 : H s xt n mi trng t cp (K1 = 0,9).
K2 : H s iu chnh theo s lng cp t trong cng rnh (K2 = 0,9).
Ta c: K1.K2.ICP = 0,9 0,9 298 = 241,38 A > I2kd = 32,76 A

SV: Phm Li 84 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Nh vy cp chn m bo iu kin n nh nhit.

d. Chn dy dn t cp n cc n
Chn dy dn theo iu kin:

2.( Pdc PCL ) 2.(250 25)

I dddc K .I dc 2,94 A
U .cos 220.0,85

Trong :
Idddc : Dng in nh mc ca dy dn n n chnh.
Chn K = 2 (dng in khi ng tng gp i).
Tra bng ph lc 4.23 theo [2], trang 247. Ta chn cp ng h p 2 li cch
in PVC do LENS ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.11

F d(mm) M r0 ICP
(mm2) Li V (kg/km) ( /km) (A)

2 2,5 1,8 9,6 155 7,41 36

Tn tht in p trn on cp n n :
2. .I dc .ldc 2.22.2,94.0, 021
U dc 1,1V
S 2,5

Trong :
Mi n c cung cp bi dy pha v trung tnh nn in tr tnh hai ln.
ldc : Khong cch t u cp n n (chn l dc = 21m), v chiu cao ct n
v tm vn n l 1,5m do ta chn ldc = 21m.
e. Chn cp t trm bin p n t phn phi

SV: Phm Li 85 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Dng in chy trn on cp:

Stt 32350
I C I dmh 57,82 A
3.U dmh 3.380.0,85

Dng in khi ng:

IC k = 2.IC = 2.57,82 = 115,64 A
Tra bng ph lc 4.23 trang theo [2], trang 247. Ta chn cp ng h p 2
li cch in PVC do LENS ch to c cc thng s sau:
Bng 4.12

d(mm)
M r0 ICP
F
Li V (kg/km) ( /km) (A)
(mm2)

2 25 6 17,5 830 0,727 149

V on cp ny ngn nn ta khng cn kim tra tn tht in p.

4.8 Kim tra tn tht in p
a. Tn tht in p trn nhnh 1
Tn tht in p t t phn phi n im A:
U1 A 0,9V

Tn tht in p trn nhnh 1

U1 4,8V

Tn tht in p t cp n n

U dc 1,1V

Tng tn tht in p trn nhnh 1

U1 U1 A U1 U dc 0,8 4, 65 1,1 6,55V

SV: Phm Li 86 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Tn tht ny tho iu kin: U1 U cp = 6,6V

b. Tn tht in p trn nhnh 2

Tn tht in p t t phn phi n im A
U 2 A 0,32V

Tn tht in p trn nhnh 2

U 2 5,15V

Tn tht in p t cp n n

U dc 1,1V

Tng tn tht in p trn nhnh 2

U 2 U 2 A U 2 U dc 0,8 3, 79 1,1 5, 69V

Tn tht ny tho iu kin: U 2 U cp = 6,6V

* Nhn xt: Tt c cc loi cp ta chn u tho mn cc yu cu kinh t v k

thut. Tn tht in p trn ng dy ca cc l ca tuyn ng u nm
trong gii hn cho php.
4.9 H thng iu khin
H thng chiu sng ng c iu khin bng rle thi gian t trong t
phn phi, qu trnh iu khin c thc hin nh sau:
Bui ti bt 100% s n.
V khuya tt 2/3 s n.
Sng tt 1/3 s n cn li.
Qu trnh bt tt cc n c thc hin bi cc cngtct.
4.10 Tnh ton v b tr dy dn
Tng chiu di tuyn ng l 1.1km, h thng chiu sng c cp ngun
my bin p c cng sut 50KVA, trm cung cp in cho 27 ct n. tn

SV: Phm Li 87 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

hao nh nht ta b tr trm bin p gia trung tm hnh hc ca tuyn

ng. Trm ny nhn in t li trung p 22KV.
4.11 B tr tip a
Ton tuyn ng c b tr tip a lp li, cc v tr tip a lp li cch
nhau t 150 - 200m, u tin t ti v tr cui tuyn, yu cu in tr tip a
phi nh hn hoc bng 10 .
Cc tip a loi L63 x 63 x 6 c ng su di mt t 0,7m v cch
tm ct 0,5m.
T iu khin c b tr bo v ni t, yu cu in tr tip a 10 , c
tt c 6 cc tip a .
i vi trm bin p th h thng ni t an ton v ni t lm vic dng
thp dt loi 40 x 4, kt hp vi cc thp L63 x 63 x 6 di 2,5m v chn su
0,7m.
Cc kt cu kim loi ca trm (gi , v my bin p) c ni t an
ton bng mt nhnh ring dng thp dt 25 x 4.
Trung tnh my bin p c ni t bng dy ng.
4.12 Cc bin php tit kim in nng
in nng cho chiu sng thng chim khong 20% in nng tiu th,
mt khc n c s dng vo gi cao im, buc h thng in phi huy
ng ton b cng sut ca tt c cc nh my in, do vn chiu sng
hiu qu v tit kim in nng phi l mi quan tm ca ton x hi.
Vn chiu sng hiu qu v tit kim in nng bao gm mt lot gii
php k thut v qun l cc cp qun l cho n ngi tiu dng.
Vit Nam chng trnh chiu sng hiu qu v tit kim in nng c
UNDP ng h khi xng t 10 nm nay l mt trong cc gii php qun
l nhu cu ph ti DSM ca Tng Cng Ty in Lc Vit Nam.

SV: Phm Li 88 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Cc cng ty chiu sng nh Cng ty bng n Rng ng vi chng trnh

chiu sng hc ng v chng trnh chiu sng doanh nghip; Cng ty
Chiu sng v thit b th H Ni HAPOLICO vi nhng thit b v gii
php chiu sng cho cc cng trnh th v ng giao thng; Cng ty chiu
sng cng cng Thnh ph H Ch Minh vi xy dng thnh cng h thng
qun l cht lng. Cc thit k chiu sng v cc sn phm n chn lu v
b n v vic qun l cht lng ca cc cng ty trn thc s hiu qu v
tit kim in nng, mang li gi tr ln v kinh t.
Cc gii php chiu sng hiu qu v tit kim in nng c th:
Tn dng nh sng t nhin: Gii php nh sng t nhin va em li hiu
qu kinh t va mang tnh thm m trong cc cng trnh cng nghip, trung
tm thng mi

Ngy nay, bng nhiu cch m ngi ta c th tn dng nh sng t nhin

mt cch ti a t hiu qu cao. Ty theo khng gian v mc nh s dng
m c nhiu cch x l nh sng gim chi v hi nng nh:
- S dng cc di knh chy sut b ngang ca mi nh theo cc khong u
c th cung cp chiu sng tt, ng nht trong cc xng cng nghip v cc
nh kho.
- Kt hp cc ca s trn nh lm bng cht liu FRP cng vi trn gi
trong sut v trong m lm gim chi v hi nng t nh sng t nhin.
- S dng ca vi mi vm FRP chiu sng cu thang, hng lang trong
cc ta nh

SV: Phm Li 89 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

- Tn dng nh sng t nhin t cc ca s.

Thay th cc b n kiu c bng cc loi n tit kim in
u im ca cc bng n tit kim in
- Cng sut tiu th mi bng n nh hn nhiu so vi bng n c.
- Nng cao cng chiu sng
- Sa cha, bo dng d dng
- Tng tui th ca thit b
- Thn thin vi mi trng lm vic.
- Gim nhp nhy, nng cao cht lng chiu sng
S dng cc n c hiu sut pht quang cao: V d dng loi n ng
hunh quang 1,2m T8 ng knh 26mm 36W thuc th h mi thay th n
T10-40W; Dng n compact hunh quang thay th n si t cho thit k
ni tht. Dng n Sodium cao p th h mi thay th n thu ngn cao p
trong thit k n giao thng.
S dng b n hiu sut cao: Cc b n ny c mng phn x tt, nh
tng h s s dng quang thng.
S dng chn lu st t tn hao thp: Nn dng t in b h s cng sut.
S dng chn lu in t tn tht cng sut cng sut nh: Tng h s pht
quang n v c h s cng sut cao.
B tr n thch hp: C th thit k nhiu mc chiu sng, phi hp chiu
sng chung v chiu sng cc b, m bo ri b mt lm vic.
S dng cc cng ngh hin i: iu khin tt hoc gim quang thng n
khi yu cu mc chiu sng gim.
Thit k h thng chiu sng ph hp vi tnh cht cng vic s dng: H
thng chiu sng nh hng rt nhiu n nng sut lm vic cng nh sc
khe con ngi nh nu cng sng qu ln s gy chi mt gy cng

SV: Phm Li 90 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

thng trong lc lm vic hay cng sng thp lm nh hng n cht

lng sn phm hi tinh so trong tng sn phm.
Do vy phi thit k h thng chiu sng ph hp vi tng cng vic c th:
- S b tr n hp l m bo sng
- Lp t ccthit b iu khin theo nhm hoc n l khi chiu sng s
dng nng lng hiu qu nh Thit b iu khin quang in, Thit b iu
khin vn hng t xa hoc hn gi, S dng cng tc iu khin theo nhm
Vn kinh t v k thut lun cn phi c gii quyt mt cch hi ho,
h thng c thit k sao cho tn tht cng sut v tn tht in nng l nh
nht.
Nng cp, ci tin, bo dng thng xuyn v nh k h thng chiu
sng.
Qun l vn hnh h thng chiu sng tt: Qun l tt h thng chiu sng
th ngoi vic c th trnh c s c m cn c th tit kim in nng.

SV: Phm Li 91 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

KT LUN

Sau mt thi gian tin hnh nghin cu v tnh ton thit k chiu sng
ng cp B vi s gip nhit tnh ca thy gio Th.S Lng Ngc Ton
cng vi s ng gp kin ca cc bn sinh vin trong lp, n nay em
hon thnh n ny.
Do hiu bit ca bn thn cn c nhiu hn ch nn khng th trnh khi
nhng thiu st. V vy em rt mong c qu thy c v cc bn ng gp
kin b sung, sa cha n ny c hon chnh hn.
iu cui cng m em nhn c sau khi hon thnh n ny l nhng
kin thc cn thit m cc thy c gio tn tnh truyn t trong sut thi
gian ngi trn ging ng i hc lm hnh trang sau ny em bt tay vo
cng vic thc tin.
Qua y em xin by t lng cm n su sc n thy Th.S Lng Ngc
Ton cng cc bn trong lp, nhng ngi nhit tnh gip em hon
thnh n ny mt cch hon thin v sm nht.
Sinh vin thc hin

Phm Li

SV: Phm Li 92 Lp: K thut in -

K
 n tt nghip cao ng

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. ng Vn o - L Vn Doanh - Nguyn Ngc M , Thit b v h
thng chiu sng, Nxb Gio dc, H Ni, 2008.
[ 2]. Ng Hng Quang, S tay la chn v tra cu thit b in t 0,4 n
500 kV, Nxb Khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2007

SV: Phm Li 93 Lp: K thut in -

K