Tng Cng ty Vin thng Qun i

Phng k thut
---------------------

Hng Dn x l s c
thit b trm BTS 3012

Phin bn 1
2008
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 1
 Tng Cng ty Vin thng Qun i
Phng k thut
---------------------

Hng Dn x l s c
thit b trm BTS 3012

NGI LP NGI PH DUYT

o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 2

 Phn E: Hng dn x l s c
I. Gii thiu chung.................................................................................... 4
1. Cch xc nh li.................................................................................. 4
2. Phng php x l li........................................................................... 4
II. Cc li thng gp................................................................................ 5
1. Li trn h thng anten feeder............................................................. 5
2. Li truyn dn...................................................................................... 8
3. Li kt ni phn cng.......................................................................... 10
4. Li phn cng..................................................................................... 11
III. Cc bin php phng nga li.............................................................. 11

o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 3

I. Gii thiu chung
1. Cc cch xc nh li
o Nhn c li t cc cnh bo (Alarm) bao gm:
9 Cnh bo t h thng iu khin (Alarm console)
9 Cnh bo t hp cnh bo (Alarm box)
9 Cnh bo t trung tm vn hnh (OMC)
o Nhn c li t vic thng k phn tch lu lng
o Nhn c li t Driving test
o Nhn c li t vic kim tra nh k
o Nhn c li t cc phn nn ca khch hng.
a. Xc nh thit b li
o Nu BSC c li th thng l n s nh hng n mt s trm hoc n s nh
hng n tt c cc trm BTS
o Nu BTS c li th n s ch nh hng n chnh n v t l chuyn vng thnh
cng (handover success rate) ca cc cell ln cn
o Trong khi m rng pht trin mng, chng ta c th tro i cc BTS v v th gy
ra li cho BSC hoc BTS
o Li gy ra bi qu trnh bo dng sai.
b. Cc loi li trong BTS
o Li Antenna & Feeder
o Li truyn dn
o Li kt ni phn cng
o Li phn cng
2. Phng php x l li
a. Phn tch thng tin cnh bo
Thng tin cnh bo t h thng cnh bo BSS thng ch th thng qua m thanh,
nh sng, n LED v cc biu tng a ra trn mn hnh N bao gm cc m t
chi tit v trng thi khng bnh thng, cc nguyn nhn c th, cc gi khc phc,
bao gm phn cng, kt ni (link), trung k v t l ti CPU vv... Chng l cc im
mu cht phn tch v xc nh li.
b. Phn tch cc trng thi ch bo
o Cc ch bo c th ch ra cc trng thi lm vic ca mch, ca link, ng truyn
quang, node v ca ch active/standby
c. Kt qu phn tch thng k lu lng
o y l phng php ch yu xc nh li ca phn mm RNO.
d. Phn tch kt qu o kim bng cng c, my o
o N phn nh li mt cch t nhin qua cc d liu c lng t ha v c th
nhn ra c
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 4
 o Mt s loi cng c, my o
My phn tch bo hiu (Signaling Analyzer), in thoi test (Test phone) nh my
TERM, my Bird (Site Analyzer) vv
e. D theo cc giao din (Tracing the Interface)
o N c s dng xc nh nguyn nhn gy li kt ni cuc gi ca thu bao v
tng tc bo hiu ni i vv...
o Kt qu d c th dng tm ra nguyn nhn trc tip gy li cuc gi v xc
nh v c vn hoc thu c du hiu cho cc phn tch tip theo.
f. Gi kim tra (Calling Test)
o y l cch n gin nht v nhanh nht a ra phn on v chc nng x l
cuc gi v cc module lin quan ca BSS bnh thng hay khng.
g. So snh v tro i
o So snh: So snh cc thnh phn li hoc cc hin tng li vi nhng ci bnh
thng tm ra s khc bit qua tm ra vn . Phng php ny thng c
dng vi cc vn n gin.
o Tro i: Nu li khng th xc nh nguyn nhn ngay c khi cc phn t d
phng c thay, bn c th tro i cc phn t bnh thng (nh bo mch, si
quang vv) vi cc phn t c kh nng b li v so snh trng thi hot ng
phn bit ra phn b li. Phng php ny thng c dng vi cc vn li
phc tp
h. Tt bt /khi ng li (Switching/Resetting)
o Cch ny khng xc nh c nguyn nhn li mt cch chnh xc, do c chy
li phn mm, li c th s khng xy ra na, v th kh c th bit c nguyn
nhn li thc s v khc phc vn .
o y l phng php khn cp v ch dng trong trng hp khn cp
II. Cc li thng gp
1. Li trn h thng anten feeder
a. BTS feeder system structure

o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 5

 Phn loi li:
Phn loi Li Hin tng
Khng c tn
Trn tn hiu MS li truy nhp vo mng, cc cuc gi khng thit lp
hiu ng
ng xung c, cuc gi b rt, TRX ri (idle) trong thi gian di
xung
(downlink
Tn hiu ng
signal) Cht lng chuyn i km, vng ph ca BTS b co hp
xung yu
Khng c tn
Trn tn hiu Cc cuc gi khng th thit lp
hiu ng ln
ng ln
nhy thu ca
(uplink signal) Cht lng chuyn i km, vng ph ca BTS b co hp
BTS yu
C cnh bo sng
Cnh bo VSWR ti DDPU
Li h thng ng VSWR
Feeder-Anten Cnh bo b K
C b khuych i tp m thp LNA ti DDPU
tp m thp LNA
b. Cc li hay gp trn ng xung
o M t
9 Khng c tn hiu ng xung
9 Tn hiu ng xung yu
o Phn tch
9 Khng c tn hiu ng xung
B1: Xem li cc cnh bo c v cc cnh bo thi giam thc OMC hoc
trm bng phn mm local maintenance console
B2: Nu c cnh bo sng ng nghim trng DDPU th phn ln kh nng
l do khi DTMU tt b khuych i cng sut lm cho khng c tn hiu
u ra. Cch x l:
Kim tra VSWR ca tuyn antena-feeder bt u t im jumper u
vo DDPU.
Nu VSWR vn nm trong gii hn cho php th tip tc xc nh li
bng phng php khoanh vng nh sau:
B3: V hin tng l khng c tn hiu ng xung, v vy im li phi nm
trong ng tn hiu RF. Nu im li c xc nh nm trong phn t cng
ra ca DDPU ti antenna trn nh ct, th DDPU s pht hin c v a ra
cnh bo VSWR. Nu khng ng th c th kt lun l im li nm gia u
ra ca TRX ti u ra ca DDPU. Cch x l:
Kim tra cp kt ni gia cc cng DTRU TX1, TX2 vi DDPU
TXA, TXB hoc DTRU TCOM vi DDPU TXA, TXB l ng.
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 6
 B4: Nu cc cch lm trn vn khng tm c li th thay DDPU.
B5: Nu cc cch lm trn vn khng tm c li th thay DTRU.
9 Tn hiu ng xung yu:
Triu chng ca li ny l vng ph ca BTS hoc ca cc sng mang b
thu hp. Cch x l nh sau:
B1: Kim tra cng sut u ra ca TRX l bnh thng.
B2: Kim tra ch s VSWR o c ti DDPU l bnh thng.
B3: Kim tra suy hao xen ca ng truyn qua DDPU.
B4: Kim tra cc u ni lin quan n ng tn hiu RF c bt cht.
c. Cc li thng gp trn ng ln
o M t
9 Khng c tn hiu ng ln
9 nhy thu ca BTS yu
o Phn tch
9 Khng c tn hiu ng ln
B1: Th thay th ng feeder-antenna khc cho ci khng c tn hiu ng
ln
Nu tn hiu ng ln c khi phc ng feeder mi th chc
chn ng feeder nguyn gc l c vn .
Nu hin tng vn lp li th DDPU c vn . Kim tra li cc cp
ni gia RXA1-4 v RXB1-4 vi cc ng RXM1, RXD1, RXM2,
RXD2 l ng (theo cu hnh).
B2: Nu li vn cha c khc phc th thay DDPU, v lp bn ghi lin quan
n tnh trng li v nh km DDPU b li;
Ch : Khi phc li kt ni antenna feeder v trng thi ban u
ca n.
Khi thay i antenna feeder m bo rng:
Hai antenna - feeders tng ng s trong cng cell/sector
Kt ni antenna ln c khi phc v trng thi ban u sau khi xc
nh c li. Nu khng vng ph ca cell c th s b nh hng.
y l cc nguyn tc c bn phi tun th, khi s dng phng php
ny gii quyt vn .
9 nhy thu ca BTS yu
Kim tra VSWR ca antenna feeder
Nu n qu ln th chng t kt ni ca mt phn t no trong
tuyn antenna feeder RF l km cht lng.
Nu VSWR l bnh thng th cc ch s nng lc knh thu ca
DDPU nh li (gain), h s tp nhiu (noise factor).
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 7
 9 nhy thu ca BTS yu
Cc lii thng thng s c th c xc nh bng cch pht trin cc
phng php trn. Nhng s khng th trnh c mt s li khng th xc
nh c theo cc phng php ny, v n khng phi l cch kim tra ton
din. V d: li gim v h s tp nhiu tng trong trng hp ca b
khuych i s khng c phn nh trong trng thi hot ng v li s khng
th xc nh c.
Vic to cc bn ghi r rng v trng thi li s rt hu ch cho cc phn
tch su hn sau .
d. Cc li thng thng trn h thng feeder
o M t
9 Cnh bo VSWR trn DDPU
o Phn tch
9 Cnh bo sng ng
Kim tra VSWR ca h thng antenna - feeder. Nu n thp hn 1.5, m
cnh bo DDPU VSWR vn c to ra th cnh bo ny s c xem nh
l mt cnh bo li v cn phi thay DDPU.
Nu VSWR l cao hn 1.5, th cn iu chnh cc kt ni antenna feeder
cho n khi VSWR thp hn 1.5
Tiu chun lp t yu cu VSWR thp hn 1.3
2. Li truyn dn
a. M t
o Bng iu khin cnh bo (Alarm console)
9 Bo BIE (BTS Interface Unit) mt ng b PCM, c cnh bo
LAPD_OML
o Chng trnh iu khin thng k lu lng
9 T l chuyn giao thnh cng, t l rt cuc gi ca cell l bt thng.
o Phn nn ca khch hng
9 Khng th gi, cht lng ti, rt cuc gi
b. Cc nguyn nhn
o Thit b truyn dn, bo mch hoc lung E1 b li
9 Nhiu loi thit b truyn dn th s c nhiu li
o M ng dy, m pht hin, sa li dng khc loi nhau (HDB3, CRC4)
o Cht lng kt ni lung E1 ti
9 N s gy ra cht lng km hoc lung truyn dn b chp chn
o T l li bit cao High BER (bit error rate)
9 Truyn dn Vi ba v HDSL c bit l khi tri ma
o Li h thng tip t
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 8
 c. Li truyn dn loi 1: E1 chp chn
o Tin trnh x l
o Cc nguyn nhn c th l thit b truyn dn, bo mch hoc lung li
9 B1: Thc hin kim tra self-loop test pha BTS v kim tra n ch th LIU ca
card TMU l tt. Nu n LIU khng tt th vn nm trong card TMU
thay card TMU.
9 B2: Thc hin kim tra self-loop test v pha BSC v kim tra ch th E1 ca bo
BIE ca BSC l OFF. Nu BIE khng OFF, th vn nm thit b truyn
dn.
9 B3: Kim tra phn mm qun l truyn dn NM v kim tra cc cnh bo lin
quan. Da trn cc cnh bo (nu c) ny bn c th xc nh vn nm
thit b truyn dn.
9 B4: Nu khng c ci no li th vn nm kh nng tng tc gia thit b
truyn dn v BSC (hoc BTS)
d. Li truyn dn loi 2: Cnh bo OML thng xuyn
o Tin trnh x l
L do c th l lung E1 c u tip t cng tc khng tt hoc thit b
truyn dn li.
9 Kim tra card TMU trong BTS kim tra thit lp tip t cho lung E1.
9 Kim tra in tr ca u ni E1 v rack my o tnh trng cch ly.
9 Kim tra u ni E1 trong DDF (khi lp t) c u t
9 Kim tra v ca thit b truyn dn E1 c u t
9 Kim tra ton b h thng s dng cng mt h thng ni t. Nu khng sa
i li cho ng, ri kim tra xem vn c khc phc cha.
9 Nu vn khng c khc phc sau cc bc o kim tra trn th vn
nm thit b truyn dn, lung truyn dn E1 hoc card giao din E1. Kim
tra kt ni v thc hin kim tra loop test khoanh vng xc nh li.
9 Kim tra phn mm NM v kim tra cc cnh bo lin quan. V x l n theo
cc hng dn ca thit b truyn dn.
e. Trng hp li in hnh: OML chp chn do E1 tip t sai.
o M t
OML ca trm thng xuyn b gin on v ch th tng ng ca E1 u
BSC nhy lin tc. Phng my t trn nh i cao 300m. Phng t thit b
truyn dn cch xa 20m.
9 Ti trm, k s O&M tm thy cc vn sau:
Lung E1 c u t v c kim tra ng DIP switch
u ni E1 c bo v cch li vi v t my. Cp tip t cng tc
c u ni vi h thng t ca phng my.
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 9
 DDF v tt c cc khung kim loi c ni ti cp tip t ca phng
my. u ni E1 tip xc vi khung kim loi ca DDF
Khng c chng st cho lung E1 c s dng
n ch th ca lung E1 nhy nhanh
o Tin trnh x l
9 B1: self-loop lung E1 ti nh t BTS nhn c n ch th cp lung E1 l
OFF BTS l OK.
9 B2: self-loop lung E1 trn DDF v nhn n ch th cp lung E1 l OFF
lung E1 t BTS n DDF l OK
9 B3: self-loop v BSC trn DDF v thy trng thi E1 l OFF E1 t BSC n
DDF l OK
9 B4: Tt ngun ca TMU ri bt li, vn li
9 B5: Tho lung E1 ra khi DDF, vn li
9 B6: Ngt kt ni E1 nh t BTS, tt ngun v tho TMU. Kim tra in tr
gia v u ni E1 nh t v cp tip t ca t my th thy chng cch ly
vi nhau ( bnh thng)
9 B7: Thay i TMU DIP switch sang v tr tng ng tip t ca cp lung
E1 thnh OFF (khng ni t), vn li
9 B8: Tho u kt ni E1 ra khi DDF thay i TMU DIP switch sang v tr
tng ng tip t ca cp lung E1 thnh OFF (khng ni t). Ht li
9 B9: xc nhn li, thay TMU (vi cp E1 khng c ni t). v u
ni E1 tip xc vi DDF th thy n ch th E1 trn TMU nhy nhanh Li
9 Khi phc li TMU ban u v tho u ni E1 ra khi DDF, li bin mt.
3. Li kt ni phn cng
Trng hp li in hnh: cnh bo VSWR do cp t
o M t:
Trn phn mm O&M trm BTS, c mt TRX trong mt sector c n cnh
bo , alarm console ch ra cnh bo TRX VSWR. Trm va c lp mi.
9 Ti trm k s O&M tm thy cc vn sau:
Cp RF gia TRX vi DDPU c kt ni tt
Dy nhy RF ti DDPU cng c kt ni ng
Cp RF (dy nhy) gia DDPU v thit b chng st c kt ni.
o Tin trnh x l:
9 B1: Kim tra tt c cc kt ni t TRX n ng feeder chnh v chng st
vn cht li tt c cc ch ni, nu vn vn cn th n khng nm kt ni.
9 B2: Ni DDPU ca sector b li n feeder-antenna ca mt sector tt khc,
n cnh bo TRX vn , tc l h thng antenna v feeder khng c li, phc
hi li cc kt ni.
o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 10
 9 B3: Thay TRX li bng mt ci mi, cnh bo TRX vn , tc l TRX khng
c vn , khi phc li nh c.
9 B4: Thay cp gia TRX v DDPU, vn bin mt Vn l cp b t
trong khi vn chuyn.
4. Li phn cng
Trng hp li in hnh: Trm b li do TRX li
o M t
Trm khng c lu lng v khch hng phn nn rng h khng th gi in.
9 N l mt trm omni-directional v ch c mt TRX
9 Ti trm, k s O&M tm thy cc vn sau:
Tt c cc card u ng v tr v tt c cc n ch th u khng c cnh
bo
H thng Antenna v feeder tt
H thng tip t tt
H thng ngun tt
o Tin trnh x l
9 B1: Kim tra trn h thng iu khin OMC, tm thy cch bo link radio trong
trm.
9 B2: Kim tra trn h thng iu khin O&M OMC BTS khng c card no .
9 B3: Kim tra phn mm ca cc card, tt c u ng
9 B4: Thay card TMU bng mt ci mi, vn li, phc hi li nh c.
9 B5: Reset li TRX v thay tt c cc kt ni n TRX bng ci mi, vn li,
phc hi li nh c.
9 B6: Thay i TRX bng mt ci mi, vn bin mt li nm TRX
III. Cc bin php phng nga li
Cc bin php phng nga li cho BTS
1. Phn cng: Tiu chun lp t l quan trng nht
o Cn ch hn cho u ni E1
o Cn ch hn cho u ni feeder
o Cn ch hn chng thm nc cho h thng antenna v feeder
o Kim tra xc nhn h thng chng st v tip t c bo v
2. Kim tra trng thi lm vic
o H thng iu khin O&M BTS
u tin thc hin ly cnh bo ca tt c cc trm multi-site fault query, ri
th loi b cc li theo cc m t cnh bo v cc gi khc phc. Nu bn khng
th khc phc li ngay th cng phi xc nh c nguyn nhn li.
3. Thc hin gi th calling test cho tt c cc khe thi gian.

o i Ngha - Phng K thut TCT Nng 05/2008 11