MT S THUT NG, KHI NIM HOC QUY NH THAM KHO

T QUC T V TRONG NC NGHIN CU, VN DNG TRONG BIN SON

D N LUT THNG K (SA I)

TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT

I. MC CH CA LUT THNG K
1 Lut ca Croatia Lut ca Croatia
The present Act regulates the fundamental B lut hin ti quy nh cc nguyn tc c
principles of official statistics, the bn ca thng k chnh thc, t chc, v tr,
organisation, status, activities and hot ng v s iu phi ca h thng thng
coordination of the official statistics system, k chnh thc, Chin lc pht trin thng k
chnh thc ca Cng ha Croatia, Chng trnh
1

the Development Strategy of Official

Statistics of the Republic of Croatia, the hot ng thng k ca Cng ha Croatia, thu
Programme of Statistical Activities of the thp, x l v lu gi ti liu thng k, h
Republic of Croatia, the collection, thng ng k thng k, ph bin v s dng
processing and storage of statistical material, d liu thng k, tnh bo mt v bo v d liu
statistical registers, the dissemination and use thng k, hp tc quc t trong lnh vc thng
of statistical data, the confidentiality and k v cc vn khc lin quan n thng k
protection of statistical data, international chnh thc.
cooperation in statistics and other issues
relevant to official statistics.
2 Lut ca Trung Quc Lut ca Trung Quc
This Law is formulated in order to organize Lut ny c xy dng t chc cng tc
statistical work in an effective and scientific thng k mt cch hiu qu v khoa hc,
manner, to ensure accuracy and timeliness of m bo tnh chnh xc v kp thi ca d liu
statistical data, to bring into play the thng k, pht huy vai tr quan trng ca
 TT TING ANH
important role of statistics in comprehending
the actual condition and strength of the
country as well as in guiding national
economic and social development, and to
promote the smooth progress of the socialist
modernization.
3 Lut ca Latvia
This Law determines the procedures for the
organisation of official statistics work in the
Republic of Latvia and the rights and
responsibilities of the State or local
government authorities producing official
2
statistics, of respondents and other natural or
legal persons in the official statistics field.
4 Lut ca CHDCND Lo
This statistics law defines rules, regulation,
measures with regard to the organization,
management, monitoring and inspection of
the statistical activities in a systematic way,
strength, effectiveness and efficiency to
assure the full coverage, accuracy and
consistency with fact in order to provide
reference for policy direction, socio
economic planning, and contribute to the
countrys development to achieve wealth,
culture, well-being and equity.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
thng k trong nhn thc iu kin thc t v
th mnh ca quc gia cng nh trong nh
hng pht trin kinh t x hi quc gia v
thc y tin hin i ha nn x hi ch
ngha.
Lut ca Latvia
Lut ny xc nh quy trnh/th tc t chc
cng tc thng k chnh thc ti Cng ha
Latvia, quyn v trch nhim ca cc c quan
Nh nc hoc c quan chnh quyn a
phng sn xut s liu thng k chnh thc,
i tng iu tra v cc thc th php nhn
khc trong lnh vc thng k chnh thc.
Lut ca CHDCND Lo
Lut thng k xc nh quy tc, quy nh, cch
thc v t chc, qun l, gim st v thanh tra
cc hot ng thng k mt cch h thng, th
mnh, tnh hiu qu v hiu sut m bo
phm vi, chnh xc v nht qun vi thc t
c cn c trong vic nh hng chnh sch, lp
k hoch kinh t x hi v gp phn pht trin
t nc t c s thnh vng, vn ha,
hnh phc v bnh ng.
 TT TING ANH
II MC CH, NHIM V CA HOT NG THNG K CHNH THC
1 Lut ca Trung Quc
The fundamental task of statistical work is to
make statistical investigation and analysis of
national economic and social development,
to provide statistical data and advice and to
exercise statistical supervision.
2 Lut ca Hungary
The task and aim of statistics are to give a
truthful and objective picture about the state
3
of, and changes in, society, economy,
ownership and environment to the organs of
the state power and public administration as
well as to the organisations and members of
the society. In order to obtain this aim the
present Act - in harmony with the Act LXIII
of 1992 on the Protection of Personal data
and on the Disclosure of Data of Public
Interest - shall regulate the surveying,
processing, storage, transfer, receiving,
analysis, supply, communication and
publication of data by statistical methods
(hereinafter referred to as "statistical
activity").
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Trung Quc
Nhim v chnh ca cng tc thng k l iu
tra thng k v phn tch tnh hnh pht trin
kinh t x hi quc gia, cung cp d liu
thng k v t vn cng nh thc hin gim
st thng k.
Lut ca Hungary
Nhim v v mc ch ca thng k l a ra
mt bc tranh trung thc v khch quan v thc
trng v s thay i trong x hi, nn kinh t,
s hu v mi trng cho cc t chc ca chnh
quyn nh nc v b phn hnh chnh cng
cng nh cho cc c quan v thnh vin ca x
hi. t c mc ch ny, B lut hin
hnh - ph hp vi B lut LXIII nm 1992 v
Bo v d liu c nhn v v cng b d liu
cho cng chng quan tm - s iu chnh hot
ng iu tra, x l, lu gi, chuyn, tip nhn,
phn tch, cung cp, truyn thng v cng b
d liu theo cc phng thc thng k (sau y
gi l hot ng thng k).
 TT TING ANH
3 Lut ca Latvia
The primary duties regarding official
statistics are as follows:
1) development of a unified statistical
information system, based on internationally
accepted methodological principles,
regarding economic, demographic and social
phenomena and processes occurring in
society, and regarding the environment;
2) compilation and analysis of statistical
information;
4
3) publication of such information, making it
available to the general public; and
4) provision to the Saeima, State and local
government authorities and the general
public of statistical information required for
the adoption of decisions as well as for the
promotion of research and exchange of
opinions.
4 Lut ca Ba Lan
The official statistics shall provide reliable,
objective and systematic information for the
society, the state and public administration
bodies and economic entities on the
economic, demographic and social situation
and the environment.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Latvia
Cc nhim v chnh ca thng k chnh thc
nh sau:
1) xy dng h thng thng tin thng k thng
nht, da trn cc nguyn tc phng php lun
c quc t cng nhn, v cc hin tng kinh
t, x hi, nhn khu hc v cc qu trnh pht
trin trong x hi cng nh v mi trng;
2) bin son v phn tch thng tin thng k;
3) cng b thng tin, thng tin lun sn sng
vi cng chng; v
4) cung cp cho Seima, Nh nc, chnh quyn
a phng v cng chng thng tin thng k
yu cu ph duyt cc quyt nh cng nh
thc y nghin cu v trao i kin.
Lut ca Ba Lan
Thng k chnh thc s cung cp thng tin tin
cy, khch quan v h thng v tnh hnh kinh
t, nhn khu hc v x hi cng nh mi
trng cho x hi, c quan nh nc v khu
vc hnh chnh cng cng nh cc n v kinh
t.
 TT TING ANH
5 Lut ca Crotia
The purpose of official statistics is the
production and dissemination of statistical
data in conformity with the fundamental
principles of official statistics.
Official statistics provide to the government,
to the economy and to the public, on an
impartial basis, reliable statistical data on the
economic, demographic, social, health, and
environmental situation, and on activities or
events that can be measured by using
statistical methods, and ensure the meeting
5
by the Republic of Croatia of international
obligations concerning the production and
dissemination of official statistics.
III HOT NG THNG K (HOC HOT NG THNG K CHNH THC) S LIU THNG K
CHNH THC
1 Lut ca Croatia
"Activity of official statistics is any activity
based on the present Act or on the regulations
stipulated in Articles 34 and 35 of the present
Act, with the application of scientific and
professional methods and standards aimed at
producing, processing, and disseminating
outputs of official statistics.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Croatia
Mc ch ca thng k chnh thc l sn xut
v ph bin d liu thng k ph hp vi cc
nguyn tc c bn ca thng k chnh thc.
Thng k chnh thc cung cp cho chnh ph,
nn kinh t v cng chng, trn c s cng
bng, cc d liu thng k tin cy v tnh hnh
kinh t, nhn khu hc, x hi, y t v mi
trng cng nh cc hot ng hoc s kin m
c th o lng c bng vic s dng
phng php thng k v m bo p ng
cc ngha v quc t ca Cng ha Croatia lin
quan n vic sn xut v ph bin s liu
thng k chnh thc.
Lut ca Croatia Hot ng thng k chnh
Hot ng thng k chnh thc l hot ng thc l hot ng thng k
da trn B lut hin hnh hoc da trn cc ca H thng t chc thng
quy nh c ch ra trong iu 34 v 35 ca k nh nc trc tip thc
B lut hin hnh, vi vic ng dng cc hin hoc y thc thc hin
phng php khoa hc v chuyn mn cng theo chng trnh thng k
nh cc tiu chun sn xut, x l v ph quy nh do c quan nh
bin kt qu ca thng k chnh thc. nc c thm quyn ph
duyt.
 TT TING ANH
2 Lut ca Serbia
Official statistics activity is any activity that
is based on this legal act or on the specific
acts on census. The activities that are not
based on either of these acts, i.e. on the
official statistical programs and plans
stipulated thereby, those activities are not
considered as the official statistics activities.
3 Lut ca Azecbaizan
Official Statistics is activity in the field of Thng k chnh thc - l hot ng trong lnh
6
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Serbia
Hot ng thng k chnh thc l hot ng cn
c vo vn bn lut ny (lut thng k) hoc
cn c vo cc vn bn lut v tng iu tra.
Cc hot ng m khng cn c vo nhng vn
bn lut ny, m cn c vo cc vn bn khc,
v d chng trnh v k hoch thng k chnh
thc, th khng c coi l hot ng thng k
chnh thc.
Lut ca Azecbaizan

production of official statistics, including vc sn xut s liu thng k chnh thc gm

administrative data c d liu hnh chnh.
4 Lut ca CHLB Nga Lut ca CHLB Nga
official statistical accounting - activities Hch ton thng k chnh thc - cc hot
aimed at conducting of federal statistical ng nhm thc hin cc quan st thng k lin
observations in accordance with the official bang theo phng php thng k chnh thc, x
statistical methodology and processing of l v th hin d liu thu c bi y l kt
data obtained as a result of this observations, qu ca nhng quan st ny, bin son thng
and performed in order to compile official tin thng k chnh thc.
statistical information
5 Lut ca Nht Bn Lut ca Nht Bn
The term "official statistics" as used in this Thut ng thng k chnh thc c s dng
Act means statistics produced by trong Lut ny c ngha l thng k c cc
administrative organs, local public entities, c quan hnh chnh, cc c quan cng lp a
 TT TING ANH
or incorporated administrative agencies, etc. phng, hoc cc t chc hnh chnh on th
(hereinafter referred to as "administrative (sau y gi l c quan hnh chnh) sn xut.
organs, etc.").
6 Lut ca Latvia
official statistics statistics that is compiled
by the Central Statistical Bureau or some
other State authority within the framework of
the National Programme of Statistical
Information
7 Lut ca New Zealand
official statistics means statistics derived by
7
government de- partments from:
(a) statistical surveys as defined in this
section; and
(b) administrative and registration records
and other forms and papers the statistical
analyses of which are pub- lished regularly,
or are planned to be published regu- larly, or
could reasonably be published regularly
Official statistics shall be collected to
provide information re- quired by the
Executive Government of New Zealand,
government departments, local authorities,
and businesses for the
purposeofmakingpolicydecisions,
andtofacilitatetheappre- ciation of economic,
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Latvia
Thng k chnh thc - thng k m c C
quan thng k trung ng hoc cc c quan nh
nc khc bin son trong khun kh Chng
trnh thng tin thng k quc gia.
Lut ca New Zealand
Thng k chnh thc c ngha l s liu thng
k do cc c quan ca chnh ph c c t:
(a) iu tra thng k nh c nh ngha trong
phn ny; v
(b) cc bn ghi hnh chnh v ng k, cc hnh
thc khc cng nh vn bn phn tch thng k
c xut bn thng xuyn hoc c lp k
hoch s xut bn thng xuyn hoc c th
c php xut bn thng xuyn
Thng k chnh thc s c thu thp cung
cp thng tin theo yu cu ca Chnh ph New
Zealand, cc c quan nh nc, chnh quyn
a phng v doanh nghip cho mc ch
hoch nh chnh sch v gip nh gi cc
vn kinh t, x hi, nhn khu hc v cc
vn quan tm khc cho Chnh ph, c quan
 TT TING ANH
social, demographic, and other matters of nh nc, chnh quyn a phng, doanh
interest to the said Government, government nghip v cho cng chng.
departments, local authorities, businesses,
and to the general public.
8 Lut ca Secbia
Official statistics shall provide, on impartial
basis, the figures and representative data and
information on mass economic, demographic
and social facts, and on the phenomena of
working and living environment, for all
respective users: economic subjects and their
8
associations, government bodies, authorities
of autonomous provinces and local self-
government units, cultural, educational and
scientific institutions, and public at large.
Official statistics are envisaged to fulfill the
international obligations of the Republic of
Serbia regarding the production,
dissemination, analysis and publishing of the
official statistical data.
9 Lut ca Ba Lan
official statistics - a system of collecting of
statistical data, gathering, storing and
generalising of the collected data and
announcing, providing and disseminating of
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Secbia
Thng k chnh thc s cung cp, trn c s
khch quan, cc con s, d liu v thng tin i
din v thc trng kinh t, nhn khu hc v x
hi cng nh v hin tng lao ng v mi
trng sng, cho tt c cc i tng dng tin
lin quan: cc i tng kinh t v cc hip hi
kinh t, c quan nh nc, chnh quyn cc tnh
t tr v cc n v t qun, cc t chc khoa
hc gio dc v cng chng ni chung. Thng
k chnh thc c xem l tun theo y cc
ngha v quc t ca Cng ha Secbi v sn
xut, ph bin, phn tch v xut bn d liu
thng k chnh thc.
Lut ca Ba Lan
Thng k chnh thc - h thng thu thp d liu
thng k, tp hp, lu gi v suy rng cc d
liu thu thp c cng nh thng bo, cung
cp v ph bin cc kt qu iu tra thng k
 TT TING ANH
the results of statistical surveys as the official nh vi t cch l d liu thng k chnh thc.
statistical data
10 Lut ca CHDCND Lo
Official Statistics are data or figures from
survey and administrative records thru the
process of collection, integration,
compilation, processing, analysis and
interpretation in accordance with statistical
science that are certified by the national
statistics system
NGUYN TC TRONG HOT NG THNG K
9
IV
1 Ca Thng k Canada (StatCanada)
1. Accessibility
Accessibility reflects the availability of
information from the holdings of the agency.
It takes into account the suitability of the
format in which the information is available;
the media of dissemination; the availability
of metadata (descriptive text); and whether
the user has reasonable opportunity to know
it is available and how to access it. For users,
the affordability of the information in
relation to its value to them is also an aspect
of this characteristic.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca CHDCND Lo
S liu thng k chnh thc l d liu hoc con
s t iu tra v cc bn ghi hnh chnh thng
qua qu trnh thu thp, tch hp, bin son, x
l, phn tch v din gii theo khoa hc thng
k m c h thng thng k quc gia cng
nhn
Ca Thng k Canada (StatCanada)
1. Tnh truy cp/tip cn c Tnh truy cp/tip cn
Tnh tip cn c phn nh s sn c ca c
thng tin t cc n v s hu s liu ca c
quan. V phi m bo tnh ph hp ca nh
dng m thng tin th hin; phng thc ph
bin thng tin, tnh sn c ca metadata (vn
bn m t) v liu ngi dng tin c c hi
bit thng tin c sn hay khng v cch truy
cp thng tin ny. i vi ngi s dng, mt
kha cnh ca c tnh ny l kh nng chi tr
c cho thng tin gn vi gi tr ca thng tin.
 TT TING ANH
2. Accuracy
The extent to which the results of a
calculation or reading of an instrument
approach the true values of the calculated or
measured quantities and are free from error.
(See also: precision.)
3. Precision
Precision is a measure of similarity. The
same surveys conducted more than once
should have the same or similar results. The
closer the results from each repetition of the
10
survey, the more precise they are.
4. Coherence
Coherence reflects the degree to which the
data and information from a single statistical
program are brought together with other data
information and are logically connected and
completed. Fully coherent data are
consistentinternally, over time, and across
products and programs. Where applicable,
the concepts and target populations used or
presented are logically distinguished from
similar concepts and target populations or
from commonly used notions or terminology.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
2. Tnh ng n
Trong phm vi no th y l kt qu ca
vic tnh ton hoc hiu c cc gi tr thc
ca s lng c tnh ton hoc o lng v
khng c sai s. (xem thm v tnh chnh xc).
3. Tnh chnh xc Tnh chnh xc
Tnh chnh xc l o lng s ging nhau.
Cng cuc iu tra c thc hin nhiu hn
mt ln th nn c kt qu nh nhau hoc ging
nhau. Kt qu cng gn nhau t vic lp li
iu tra th cng chnh xc.
4. Tnh cht ch
Tnh cht ch phn nh mc m d liu v
thng tin t mt chng trnh thng k n
nht c tp hp cng vi cc thng tin d
liu khc, c kt ni v hon chnh mt cch
l gic. V bn cht, d liu cht ch y l
s nht qun theo thi gian v theo sn phm
cng nh chng trnh. Khi ph hp, cc khi
nim v tng th ch c s dng hoc c
trnh by th c phn bit v mt l gic vi
cc khi nim v tng th ch tng t hoc t
cc thut ng hoc nim thng c s
dng.
 TT TING ANH
5. Confidentiality
In a confidential survey, the privacy of
information provided by individual
respondents is maintained, and information
about the individual respondents cannot be
derived from the published results.
6. Relevance
The relevance of data or of statistical
information is a quantitative assessment of the
value contributed by these data. Value is
characterized by the degree to which the data
or information serve the purposes for which
11
they were produced and sought out by users.
Value is further characterized by the merit of
these purposes in terms of the mandate of the
agency, legislated requirements and the
opportunity cost to produce the data or
information.
7. Timeliness
Timeliness of information reflects the length
of time between the information's availability
and the event or phenomenon it describes.
Timeliness must be considered in the context
of the time period that permits the
information to be of value and still be acted
upon. Typically, timeliness can affect the
reliability of the information.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
5. Tnh bo mt Tnh bo mt
Trong mt cuc iu tra c bo mt, tnh b
mt ca thng tin do cc i tng iu tra
cung cp phi c thc hin v thng tin v
cc i tng iu tra c nhn khng th
c ly ra t kt qu c cng b.
6. Tnh lin quan/ph hp
Tnh lin quan/ph hp ca d liu hoc thng
tin thng k l nh gi nh lng gi tr ng
gp ca nhng d liu ny. Gi tr c c
trng bi mc m d liu hoc thng tin
phc v cho cc mc ch m chng c sn
xut v c tm kim bi ngi s dng. Gi
tr cng c c trng hn bi s ph hp ca
cc mc ch ny xt v s mnh ca c quan,
cc yu cu lp php v chi ph c hi sn
xut d liu hoc thng tin.
7. Tnh kp thi Tnh kp thi
Tnh kp thi ca thng tin phn nh lng thi
gian gia tnh sn c ca thng tin v s kin
hoc hin tng m thng tin m t. Tnh kp
thi phi c xem xt trong bi cnh khong
thi gian cho php thng tin c gi tr v vn
cn b tc ng. c bit, tnh kp thi c th
phn nh mc tin cy ca thng tin.
 TT TING ANH
2 Lut ca Serbia
1. Relevance means that the statistical datum
shall meet clearly defined information
requirements, which relate to the purpose of
official statistics. Statistical data shall be
checked periodically, and the relevant needs
for statistical data shall be identified in due
time.
2. Impartiality means the objective manner
of laying down methods and definitions in
the process of collecting, processing and
12
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Serbia
1. Nguyn tc ph hp c ngha l thng k s
p ng cc yu cu thng tin c xc nh r
rng, theo mc ch ca thng k chnh thc.
D liu thng k chnh thc s c kim tra
nh k v cc yu cu lin quan n d liu
thng k s c xc nh trong thi gian ph
hp.
2. Nguyn tc trung thc (khng thin v) c Nguyn tc trung thc
ngha l cch thc khch quan trong vic a ra
cc nh ngha, phng thc thu thp v x l

disseminating statistical data, which is free s liu, cng nh ph bin s liu m khng b
from any influence. bt c tc ng no.
3. Reliability means that the methods and 3. Nguyn tc tin cy c ngha l cc phng
procedures used in collecting, processing and thc v quy trnh thu thp, x l v cng b
disseminating statistical data shall be thng k s c xc nh trn c s cc tiu
determined on the basis of established chun chuyn mn, cc phng php khoa hc
professional standards, scientific methods v cc nguyn tc o c ngh nghip c
and principles of professional ethics, so that thit lp, s liu thng k phn nh hin
the statistical output reflects the observed tng quan st cng tin cy v chnh xc cng
phenomena as faithfully as possible and with tt.
an appropriate level of accuracy.
4. Principle of timeliness means that the 4. Nguyn tc kp thi ngha l cc khong thi Nguyn tc kp thi
time intervals between data collection, gian gia thu thp s liu, x l, ph bin v
processing, dissemination and availability sn sng ca s liu s l t nht cng nh vic
 TT TING ANH
shall be minimal and that statistical registers ng k s liu v c s d liu s c cp
and databases shall be regularly updated.
5. Principle of professional independence
means that the decisions on the definitions,
methods of collection, processing and
dissemination of official statistics are
exclusively in charge of the producers of
official statistics.
6. Principle of cost effectiveness envisages
that the available resources are used in an
optimal economical way and that the burden
13
for reporting units is minimized; and that
workload and costs of collecting statistics
should correspond to the importance of data.
7. Principle of consistency anticipates that
official statistics should be consistent in
contents, terms and time of release and also
to be harmonized with the international
concepts, nomenclatures, classifications,
definitions and methods, in order to achieve
their possible comparability.
8. Principle of availability and accessibility
means that all official statistics both
processed and unprocessed data, as well as
the information on the applied methods and
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
nht thng xuyn.
5. Nguyn tc c lp v chuyn mn c ngha Nguyn tc c lp v
l cc quyt nh v nh ngha, phng php chuyn mn
thu thp, x l v ph bin thng k chnh thc
hon ton l trch nhim ca cc c quan sn
xut thng k chnh thc.
6. Nguyn tc hiu qu chi ph hnh dung l
cc ngun d liu sn c c s dng theo
cch thc kinh t ti u v gnh nng ca cc
n v bo co c ti thiu ha; cng nh
khi lng cng vic v chi ph cho thu thp s
liu thng k tng ng vi tm quan trng ca
s liu.
7. Nguyn tc nht qun cho thy s liu Nguyn tc thng nht
thng k chnh thc nn nht qun v ni dung,
thut ng v thi gian cng b v cng phi hi
ha vi cc tiu chun quc t, cc thut ng,
nh ngha, cc phn loi v phng php
t c tnh so snh c th c.
8. Nguyn tc sn c v c th truy cp c Nguyn tc sn c v c
ngha l tt c s liu thng k chnh thc - c th truy cp
d liu c x l v cha x l - cng nh
thng tin v phng php p dng v ngun d
 TT TING ANH
sources of data that authorized producers of
official statistics use they are all available
to public and simultaneously accessible to all
users.
9. Principle of confidentiality refers to the
protection of data relative to individual
statistical units, regardless the fact whether
they are collected directly through statistical
surveys or obtained indirectly, from
administrative or other sources. Essentially
that is to say that authorized official
statistics producers are entitled to use
14
individual data for statistical purposes only.
The principle of statistical confidentiality
does not apply to the data of government
authorities as statistical units. Pursuant to this
principle statistical data may not be used as
the grounds for practicing rights of or
imposing obligations to reporting units.
10. Principle of using individual data for
statistical purposes only means that the data
obtained through statistical activities that are
subject to the provisions of statistical
confidentiality may be used exclusively in
accordance with this law and the special law
stipulating the protection of individual data,
i.e. confidentiality.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
liu m cc c quan sn xut thng k chnh
thc c thm quyn s dng - cc d liu ny
c sn cho cng chng v ng thi ngi dng
tin c th tip cn c.
9. Nguyn tc bo mt cp n vic bo v Nguyn tc bo mt
d liu lin quan n cc n v thng k ring
bit, bt k cc d liu ny c thu thp trc
tip thng qua iu tra thng k hoc c c
mt cch gin tip t ngun hnh chnh hoc
ngun khc. Cn thit ni rng cc c quan
sn xut thng k chnh thc c quyn s
dng d liu c nhn ch cho mc ch thng
k. Nguyn tc bo mt thng k khng p
dng cho d liu ca cc c quan chnh ph
(nh nc) vi t cch l n v thng k. Theo
nguyn tc ny, d liu thng k c th khng
c s dng nh l nn tng c bn cho thc
hin cc quyn hoc p t ngha v cho cc
n v bo co.
10. Nguyn tc s dng d liu c nhn ch
cho mc ch thng k c ngha l d liu c
c thng qua cc hot ng thng k m l
i tng ca iu khon bo mt thng k c
th c s dng ring theo lut ny v cc lut
c th p dng cho vic bo v d liu c nhn,
v d nh tnh bo mt.
 TT TING ANH
3 Lut ca Azecbaixan
Autonomy of Official Statistics
The state and non-government organizations
are not interfere to the implementation of
powers of the state statistical bodies and not
influence the staff of the statistical
authorities in the performance of their tasks.
When implementing the Programme, the
state statistical bodies are autonomous and
are not seek or take instructions from state
and local bodies notably in the selection of
data sources, statistical methods, in the
15
contents, form and time of dissemination and
in the application of statistical
confidentiality.
V. MT S THUT NG V IU TRA, TNG IU TRA, D LIU, THNG TIN, S LIU, CSDL
1 Data collection
Lut ca Serbia
5. Data collection is any activity of an
official statistics producer relative to direct
data obtaining in statistical surveys or taking
over the data from administrative sources, as
well as the supply of data by the method of
constant monitoring and observations, as
provided hereby and by other acts that
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Lut ca Azecbaizan
Tnh c lp/t ch ca Thng k chnh thc
Cc c quan nh nc v phi chnh ph khng
can thip vic thc hin quyn ca cc c quan
thng k nh nc v khng tc ng ti vic
thc hin nhim v ca cc cn b lm trong
cc c quan ny.
Khi thc hin Chng trnh, cc c quan thng
k nh nc l c lp/t ch v khng tm
kim hoc thc hin cc hng dn t cc c
quan nh nc v a phng trong la chn
ngun s liu, phng php thng k, trong ni
dung, hnh thc v thi gian ph bin s liu v
trong vic p dng tnh bo mt thng k.
Thu thp thng tin
Lut ca Serbia
5. Thu thp d liu l mt hot ng ca c
quan sn xut thng k chnh thc lin quan
n vic trc tip ly s liu trong cc iu tra
thng k hoc c s liu t h s hnh chnh
(ngun d liu hnh chnh), cng nh cung cp
d liu bng phng thc gim st v quan st
c nh, cn c vo cc vn bn lut nu trn v
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
stipulate the collection of relevant data for cn c vo cc vn bn lut khc iu chnh
official statistics. vic thu thp d liu lin quan cho thng k
chnh thc.
2 Survey iu tra
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada iu tra thng k l hnh thc
The collection of information about Thu thp thng tin v c im quan tm t thu thp thng tin thng k v
characteristics of interest from some or all mt s hoc tt c cc n v ca mt tng th, i tng nghin cu c th
units of a population, using well-defined s dng cc khi nim c nh ngha r, cc theo phng php khoa hc,
concepts, methods and procedures, and the phng php v cc quy trnh cng nh bin thng nht c quy nh
compilation of such information into a useful son thng tin di dng bng tm tt hu trong phng n iu tra
summary form. dng. thng k cho mi ln iu tra.
16

Lut ca Serbia Lut ca Serbia

3. Statistical survey presents the method of 3. iu tra thng k, th hin phng php thu
systematic data collection directly from thp s liu mt cch h thng trc tip t cc
reporting units and for statistical purposes n v bo co v ch cho mc ch thng k.
only.
3 Census Tng iu tra
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada Tng iu tra thng k l
The collection of information about all units Thu thp thng tin v tt c cc n v ca mt iu tra thng k ton b
in a population, sometimes also called a tng th, i khi cng gi l iu tra mu do Th tng Chnh ph
100% sample survey. (When capitalized, 100%. (Khi vit hoa ch "Tng iu tra" quyt nh thu thp
"Census" usually refers to the national thng lin h ti Tng iu tra dn s ca thng tin ca tt c cc i
Census of Population.) quc gia). tng iu tra trn phm vi
c nc, lin quan n
nhiu ngnh, nhiu cp.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
4 Characteristic Thuc tnh/c tnh
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada
A property which helps to differentiate Mt thuc tnh gip phn bit cc danh mc
between items of a given population. This ca mt tng th xc nh. S khc bit ny c
differentiation may be either qualitative or th l nh lng hoc nh tnh.
quantitative.
Data D liu
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada D liu thng k l cc con
Facts or figures from which conclusions can Cc s kin hoc con s m t c th rt ra s, s kin hnh thnh
be drawn. kt lun thng tin thng k chnh
thc v hin tng, qu
17

trnh nghin cu.

Lut ca Serbia
9. Statistical data (results) present official
statistical information on the relevant
economic, demographic and social mass
phenomena and also on the facts of work and
living environment.
5 Information
Ca United Nation thesaurus
An information gatherd by statistical
observation or produced by survey data
processing.
Lut ca Serbia
9. D liu thng k (kt qu) th hin thng tin
thng k chnh thc v cc hin tng kinh t,
nhn khu hc v x hi ln cng nh tnh hnh
cng vic v mi trng sng.
Thng tin
T in ca LHQ
Thng tin thng k l thng tin c thu thp
qua cc quan st thng k hoc c sn xut
qua x l d liu iu tra.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Statistical information describes, expresses in Thng tin thng k miu t, trnh by bng cc
figures, characteristics of communication con s, cc c tnh thng tin lin lc (dn s).
(polulation).
Ca StatCan Ca StatCan Thng tin thng k l d
Information are data that have been recorded, Thng tin l d liu c ghi li, phn loi, t liu thng k c x l,
classified, organized, related, or interpreted chc, lin quan hoc din gii trong mt khun tng hp v phn tch theo
within a framework so that meaning kh a ra ngha. phng php, quy trnh
emerges. chuyn mn nghip v
thng k phn nh c
trng, thuc tnh ca hin
tng, qu trnh nghin
cu.
18

6 Database C s d liu
Lut CNTT ca Vit Nam
C s d liu l tp hp nhng d liu c cu
trc c sp xp, t chc qun l, cp nht
v khai thc bng phng tin in t.
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada C s d liu thng k l
An organized and sorted list of facts or Mt danh sch cc s kin hoc thng tin c tp hp nhng d liu
information; usually generated by a sp xp v phn loi; thng do my tnh thc thng k c lin quan vi
computer. hin. nhau c sp xp, t chc
theo mt cu trc nht nh
qun l, cp nht v
khai thc bng phng tin
in t phc v cho mc
ch thng k. C s d
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
liu thng k c hnh
thnh ch yu t d liu
ca iu tra thng k, bo
co thng k v c s d
liu quc gia, c s d liu
ca cc B, ngnh, c s
d liu ca a phng.
7 Data set B d liu
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada
Any grouping of data which has a common Bt c nhm d liu no m c chung ch
theme or similar attributes. hoc cc thuc tnh tng t.
19

8 Statistic Thng k (s t)
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada
A function that will produce a numerical L chc nng s sn xut ra mt con s m gi
figure whose value may vary with different tr ca n c th a ra cc kt qu khc nhau
outcomes of an experiment (e.g. with v mt th nghim (v d vi cc mu khc
different samples). For example, the mean or nhau). V d trung bnh hoc trung v ca mu,
median of a sample, etc. v.v...
9 Statistics S liu thng k (s nhiu)
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada
A type of information obtained through Loi thng tin thu c thng qua cc hot
mathematical operations on numerical data. ng ton hc v d liu s.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
10 Statistics, the study of Khoa hc thng k
Ca StatCan Ca Thng k Canada
Construed as singular it is the field of study c hiu l lnh vc nghin cu thu thp
that collects and arranges numerical facts or v sp xp cc s kin s hoc d liu c lin
data, that relate to human affairs or natural quan n vn con ngi hoc hin tng t
phenomena. nhin.
11 Administrative data D liu hnh chnh
Lut ca Azecbaizan Lut ca Azecbaizan
Administrative data is a data which are D liu hnh chnh - l d liu m c thu
collected and used in official statistics in thp v s dng trong thng k chnh thc gn
20

connection with the implementation of vi vic thc hin cc ngha v hnh chnh bi
administrative duties by the relevant cc c quan hnh php v cc c quan chnh
executive authorities and other government ph khc.
authorities;
Lut ca Serbia Lut ca Serbia D liu hnh chnh l d
12. Administrative data sources are the sets 12. Ngun d liu hnh chnh l cc b d liu c hnh thnh cho
of data that are maintained, as envisaged by liu c duy tr, theo cc lut c th quy nh, mc ch qun l thuc
specific legal acts, by certain administrative bi cc c quan hnh chnh v c th c s phm vi, chc nng ca c
authorities and that may be used for dng phc v cc quyn thc t v hon thnh quan, t chc, thng c
practicing rights and fulfilling obligations of cc ngha v ca cc c nhn v t chc. ghi chp, lu gi, cp nht
legal entities and physical persons. trong cc h s hnh chnh
dng giy hoc dng in t.
D liu hnh chnh gm:
d liu ng k hnh chnh
 TT TING ANH
T ADLS (Administrative Data Liaison
Service)
http://www.adls.ac.uk/adls-
resources/guidance/introduction/
What is administrative data?
Administrative data refers to information
collected primarily for administrative (not
research) purposes. This type of data is
collected by government departments and
21
other organisations for the purposes of
registration, transaction and record keeping,
usually during the delivery of a service.
In the UK, government departments are the
main (although not exclusive) purveyors of
large administrative databases, including
welfare, tax, health and educational record
systems. These datasets have for many years
been used to produce official statistics to
inform policy-making. The potential for this
data to be accessed for the purposes of social
science research is increasingly recognised,
although as yet has not been fully exploited.
Two areas of research education and health
- have seen fairly extensive use of
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
v d liu khng phi ng
k hnh chnh.
T (Dch v lin h d liu hnh chnh-
ADLS)
D liu hnh chnh l g?
D liu hnh chnh cp ti thng tin c
thu thp trc ht cho cc mc ch hnh chnh
(khng phi nghin cu). Loi d liu ny c
cc c quan nh nc v cc t chc thu thp
vi mc ch ng k, giao dch v lu tr,
thng trong thi gian thc hin mt dch v.
Ti Anh, cc c quan chnh ph l nhng ngi
cung cp chnh (mc d khng duy nht) cc c
s d liu hnh chnh, bao gm cc c s d
liu v h thng phc li x hi, thu, y t v
gio dc. Cc b d liu ny c s dng
nhiu nm sn xut s liu thng k chnh
thc cho qu trnh hoch nh chnh sch. Kh
nng d liu ny s c truy cp cho mc ch
nghin cu khoa hc x hi ngy cng c ghi
nhn, mc d vn cha c khai thc y .
Hai lnh vc nghin cu - gio dc v y t -
c xem l s dng nhiu s liu hnh chnh
(1), nhng hu ht cc b d liu hnh chnh
khc cha c s dng rng ri cho mc ch
nghin cu.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
administrative data[1], but most other
administrative datasets have not been widely
used for research purposes.
T SIAP (Statistical Institute for Asia and T SIAP (Vin Thng k Chu v Thi
the Pasific) Bnh Dng)
http://www.unsiap.or.jp/ms/ms7/DennisP1_O
ppoChalle.pdf D liu hnh chnh cp ti d liu c thu
thp trc ht qun tr mt chc nng c th
Administrative data refers to data primarily (v d hi quan) hoc chng trnh no (v
collected for the administration of a d nh li ch ca chnh ph). Ngi qun l
particular function (eg customs) or program thng l B hoc c quan chnh ph nhng
22

(eg a government benefit). The custodian is khng nht thit l cc c quan ny trong mt
usually a government department or agency s trng hp. S lng giao dch in t ngy
but this does not necessarily need to be the cng tng m ra cc kh nng mi cho s dng
case. The increasing number of electronic d liu hnh chnh cho mc ch thng k. C
transactions opens up new possibilities for quan qun l cc ngun d liu ny c th t
using administrative data for statistical khu vc t nhn.
purposes. The custodians of some of these
data sources may come from the private
sector.
T Pronab Sen T Pronab Sen
Chief Statistician of India Tng cc trng n
At one level, administrative data can be mt mc no , d liu hnh chnh c
defined as any data generated by any th c nh ngha l bt c d liu no c
government agency other than the National bt k c quan chnh ph no ngoi C quan
 TT TING ANH
Statistical Office and its counterparts at the
state level. This would of course be wrong in
the Indian case since the statistical
responsibility is decentralized and the
statistical units within each concerned line
Ministry should be considered as an integral
component of the National Statistical System.
An alternative way of defining administrative
data as distinct from statistical data is: when
the specific identity of the respondent or data
source is central to the use of the data.
Statistical data, on the other hand, would be
23
those where such identity is in itself of no
consequence. In other words, the distinction
between statistical and administrative data is
based on the focus on the general as against
the particular.
T EuroStat
What are administrative sources?
The term administrative record encompasses
any record resulting from fiscal, taxation or
other authority requirements, created to
facilitate the administration or operation of
government programmes, or to supervise and
oversee compliance with legal obligations by
certain segments of society.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
thng k quc gia v cc c quan i tc khc
cp nh nc sn xut ra. D nhin iu ny l
sai trong trng hp ca n v trch nhim
thng k l phn quyn v cc n v thng k
trong tng B s c coi nh l mt yu t
khng tch ri ca H thng thng k nh
nc.
Mt cch khc xc nh d liu hnh chnh
khc bit vi d liu thng k l: khi danh tnh
c th ca i tng iu tra hoc ngun s liu
l trung tm ca vic s dng d liu. Ni cch
khc, d liu thng k s l nhng d liu m
bn thn danh tnh khng c g quan trng.
Ni cch khc, s phn bit gia d liu thng
k v d liu hnh chnh da trn s tp trung
vo mc chung so vi mc c th.
T C quan Thng k Chu u
Ngun d liu hnh chnh l g?
Thut ng h s hnh chnh bao gm bt c
bn ghi no l kt qu ca cc yu cu ti kha,
thu hoc chnh quyn, c to ra h tr
qun tr hoc hot ng ca cc chng trnh
chnh ph, hoc gim st v theo di vic
tun th cc ngha v php l ca tng b phn
x hi.
 TT TING ANH
Administrative processes are set up in
response to legislation and regulations. Each
regulation (or related group of regulations)
results in registering institutional units
enterprises, persons, etc. bound by that
regulation and in a data set. The register and
data are referred to collectively by the
statistical office as an administrative source.
Administrative sources contain information
that is not primarily collected for statistical
purposes, but is used by statistical offices.
Some examples of administrative sources
24
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Th tc hnh chnh c thit lp p ng yu
cu lp php v cc quy nh. Mi quy nh
(hoc nhm quy nh lin quan) l kt qu ng
k cc t chc - doanh nghip, c nhn.. - c
gii hn bi quy nh v trong mt b d
liu. ng k v d liu c cp mt cch
tng th bi c quan thng k nh l ngun
hnh chnh. Cc ngun hnh chnh bao gm
thng tin m khng c thu thp chnh cho
mc ch thng k, m c s dng bi cc c
quan thng k. Mt s v d ca ngun hnh
chnh nh sau:

include the following:

value added tax (VAT) data;
personal income tax data;
business (including corporate) taxation
data;
social security data;
business registration and administration
records;
business accounts of corporations;
records held by Central Banks;
records (other than VAT) held by Customs
and Excise Authorities;
D liu thu gi tr gia tng (VAT)
D liu thu thu nhp c nhn
D liu thu doanh nghip (gm c tng
cng ty)
D liu an ninh x hi
ng k doanh nghip v h s hnh chnh
Cc ti khon kinh doanh ca tng cng ty
Cc bn ghi chp ca Ngn hng trung ng
Cc bn ghi (ngoi VAT) ca C quan Hi
quan v Mn bi;
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
records of government (central and local); Cc bn ghi ca chnh ph (trung ng v a
phng)
records held by associations of employers, Cc bn ghi ca cc hip hi lao ng, ngi
of employees and of businesses and lm cng, doanh nghip v ngh nghip;
professions;
records held by other private sector bodies, Cc bn ghi ca cc c quan khu vc t
e.g. credit-rating agencies, non-profit units, nhn, v d cc c quan nh gi tn dng, cc
etc. n v phi li nhun
The use for statistical purposes of S dng cc ngun hnh chnh cho mc ch
administrative sources requires a careful thng k yu cu s nh gi nghim tc c s
evaluation of their conceptual base, khi nim, bng phn loi v thi gian tham
classification and time reference. chiu.
25

12 Statistical registers ng k thng k

Lut ca Serbia Lut ca Serbia D liu ng k hnh chnh
11. Statistical registers are systematic lists of 11. ng k thng k l danh sch h thng cc l loi d liu hnh chnh
reporting or statistical units, with selected n v bo co hoc n v thng k vi cc v c quan, t chc, c
features, which are regularly updated and c tnh c la chn m thng xuyn c nhn thc hin ng k vi
used for statistical purposes only, as cp nht v s dng ch cho mc ch thng k, c quan nh nc theo quy
envisaged by this law. theo quy nh ca lut. nh ca php lut.
13 Statistical indicator Ch tiu thng k
Ca United Nation thesaurus T in ca LHQ Ch tiu thng k l khi
Statistical indicator is a data element that Ch tiu thng k l chi tit d liu m th hin nim trong thng k phn
represents statistical data for a specified time, d liu thng k trong thi gian, a im c nh c trng ca b phn
place, and other charatersitics. th v cc c tnh khc. hoc tng th hin tng,
qu trnh nghin cu trong
 TT TING ANH
Ca EU Quality Assurance
http://www.eqavet.eu/qa/gns/glossary/s/statis
tical-indicator.aspx
DEFINITION: A data element that
represents statistical data for a specified time,
place, and other characteristics, and is
26
corrected for at least one dimension (usually
size) to allow for meaningful comparisons.
CONTEXT: A simple aggregation such as
the number of accidents, total income or
women Members of Parliament, is not in
itself an indicator, as it is not comparable
between populations. However, if these
values are standardized, e.g. number of
accidents per thousand of population,
average income, or women Members of
Parliament as a percentage of the total, the
result meets the criteria for an indicator
SOURCE: Content-oriented guidelines.
SDMX, 2009.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
iu kin khng gian v
thi gian c th. Ch tiu
thng k gm tn, n v
tnh, tr s ca ch tiu v
cc d liu c t.
Ca C quan m bo cht lng chu u
http://www.eqavet.eu/qa/gns/glossary/s/statistic
al-indicator.aspx
NH NGHA: Chi tit d liu m th hin d
liu thng k trong thi gian, a im c th v
cc c tnh khc, v c chnh sa t nht
mt chiu/ mc (thng l quy m) cho
php s so snh c ngha.
BI CNH: Tng hp n gin nh s tai nn,
tng thu nhp hoc s thnh vin i biu quc
hi n, bn cht khng phi l ch tiu, v n
khng th so snh gia cc tng th. Tuy nhin,
nu cc gi tr ny c tiu chun ha, v d
s tai nn trn 1000 dn, thu nhp trung bnh,
hoc s % thnh vin quc hi l n so vi
tng th i biu, th s p ng tiu ch ca
mt ch tiu.
NGUN: Hng dn nh hng ni dung,
SDMX, 2009.
 TT TING ANH
Ca OECD (Organization for Economic
Co-operation and Development):
http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2
547
A statistical indicator is a data element that
represents statistical data for a specified time,
place, and other characteristics.
Source Publication:
Economic Commission for Europe of the
United Nations (UNECE), "Terminology on
Statistical Metadata", Conference of
27
European Statisticians Statistical Standards
and Studies, No. 53, Geneva, 2000.
A composite indicator is formed when
individual indicators are compiled into a
single index, on the basis of an underlying
model of the multi-dimensional concept that
is being measured.
Definition of 'Indicator'
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/indicat
or.asp
Statistics used to measure current conditions
as well as to forecast financial or economic
trends. Indicators are used extensively in
technical analysis to predict changes in stock
trends or price patterns. In fundamental
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Ca OECD (T chc hp tc v pht trin
kinh t):
http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=254
7
Ch tiu thng k: Chi tit d liu m th hin
d liu thng k trong thi gian, a im c
th v cc c tnh khc.
Ngun n phm:
y ban kinh t Chu u ca Lin hp quc
(UNECE), "Thut ng v D liu c t thng
k", Hi ngh ca cc nh thng k v tiu
chun thng k v nghin cu, s 53, Geneva,
2000.
Ch tiu tng hp c hnh thnh khi cc ch
tiu ring bit c bin son thnh mt ch s
n nht, trn c s m hnh c bn ca khi
nim a chiu m c o lng.
nh ngha "Ch tiu"
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/indicator.
asp
Thng k c s dng o lng cc iu
kin thc t cng nh d bo xu hng ti
chnh v kinh t. Cc ch tiu c s dng su
rng trong phn tch k thut d bo nhng
thay i trong xu hng tn kho hoc m hnh
 TT TING ANH
analysis, economic indicators that quantify
current economic and industry conditions are
used to provide insight into the future
profitability potential of public companies.
Investopedia
Investopedia explains 'Indicator'
In the context of technical analysis, an
indicator is a mathematical calculation based
on a securities price and/or volume. The
result is used to predict future prices.
Common technical analysis indicators are the
28
moving average convergence-divergence
(MACD) indicator and the relative strength
index (RSI).
In an economic context, an indicator could
be a measure such as the unemployment rate,
which can be used to predict future economic
trends. Common general economic indicators
are the unemployment rate, new housing
starts and the consumer price index (CPI).
Statistics New Zealand
http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/indicator-
guidelines/definitions.aspx
Indicator
An indicator is a summary measure related to
a key issue or phenomenon that can be used
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
gi. Trong phn tch c bn, cc ch tiu kinh t
xc nh iu kin kinh t v cng nghip c
s dng cung cp ci nhn v tim nng li
nhun trong tng lai ca cc cng ty cng ch.
Investopedia - trit l u t
Trit l u t gii thch "Ch tiu".
Trong bi cnh phn tch k thut, mt ch tiu
l mt php tnh ton hc da trn gi v/hoc
khi lng c phiu. Kt qu c dng d
bo gi tng lai. Phn tch k thut chung l
ch tiu ng trung bnh hi t phn k
(MACD) v ch s sc mnh tng i (RSI).
Trong bi cnh kinh t, mt ch tiu c th l s
o lng nh t l tht nghip, c th c s
dng d bo xu hng kinh t tng lai. Cc
ch tiu kinh t chung l t l tht nghip, v tr
nh mi v ch s gi tiu dng.
C quan Thng k New Zealand
http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods/indicator-
guidelines/definitions.aspx
Ch tiu
Mt ch tiu l mt o lng tng hp lin
quan n mt vn hoc mt hin tng
 TT TING ANH
to show positive or negative change. The
evaluative nature of an indicator
distinguishes it from the descriptive nature of
statistics.
Indicators are measurable aspects of a
project/environment/society that can be used
to monitor its progress and direction.
A key function of an indicator is to reduce
the volume of information to which decision
makers must attend.
29
Analytic Quality Glossary
http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/
glossary/statisticalindicators.ht
Statistical indicators
core definition
Statistical indicators are any quantitative data
that provide evidence about the quality or
standard of higher education.
explanatory context
Statistical indicators may be collected on a
regular and systematic basis by governments
(especially where institutions are publicly
funded) and these or other statistics may be
included in quality review processes.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
chnh m c th c s dng ch ra s thay
i tch cc hoc tiu cc. Bn cht nh gi
ca mt ch tiu phn bit n vi bn cht m
t ca thng k.
Cc ch tiu l cc kha cnh c th o lng
c ca mt d n/mi trng/x hi m c
th c s dng gim st tin v nh
hng.
Chc nng chnh ca ch tiu l gim khi
lng thng tin cho nhng ngi ra quyt nh
phi tham d.
T vng cht lng phn tch
http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/gl
ossary/statisticalindicators.ht
Ch tiu thng k
nh ngha chnh:
Ch tiu thng k l bt k d liu nh lng
no m cung cp bng chng v cht lng
hoc tiu chun ca trnh gio dc cao hn.
Bi cnh gii thch:
Cc ch tiu thng k c th c thu thp trn
c s thng xuyn v c h thng bi cc
chnh ph (c bit l nhng ni m cc t
chc c cp ngn sch) v nhng c quan
ny hoc cc c quan thng k khc c th nm
trong quy trnh r sot cht lng.
 TT TING ANH
Statistical indicators are sometimes used
synonymously with performance indicators
and sometimes are meant to imply a lesser
evaluative status than embodied in
quantitative performance indicators.
In answer to the question What are
statistical indicators?, West (1999) makes
the following distinction between a statistic,
an indicator and a performance indicator:
Statistics unlike indicators are purely
descriptive; so, for example, the total number
of trainees enrolled on a programme is an
30
example of a statistic.
Indicators on the other hand are generally
conceptualised as having some reference
point. So for example, the percentage of a
particular age group entering initial
vocational education and training is an
example of an indicator. Indicators unlike
raw statistics can assist with making a range
of different sorts of comparisons as a result
of having a common point of reference. As
Nuttall (1992) comments: An educational
indicator tells us something about the
performance or behaviour of an education
system and can be used to inform decision-
making. Not all education statistics qualify as
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Cc ch tiu thng k i khi c s dng
ng thi vi cc ch tiu hot ng v i khi
c ngha ch tnh trng nh gi t hn so vi
cc ch tiu hot ng nh lng.
tr li cu hi "Cc ch tiu thng k l g?"
West (1999) phn bit gia thng k, ch tiu
v ch tiu hot ng nh sau:
Thng k khng ging nh ch tiu n thun
l m t, v d, tng s hc vin o to ng
k chng trnh hc l mt v d cho thng k.
Ch tiu, ni cch khc, c khi nim ha v
c im tham chiu. V d phn trm ca nhm
tui c th tham gia hc ngh ban u l mt v
d ca ch tiu. Ch tiu khng nh s liu
thng k th c th gip phn loi nhng khc
bit ca so snh c im chung l s tham
chiu. Theo Nuttall (1992) nhn xt: ch tiu
gio dc cho chng ta bit vn v thc hin
hoc thi ca h thng gio dc v c th
c s dng thng bo qu trnh ra quyt
nh. Khng phi tt c s liu thng k gio
dc nh lng nh ch tiu. l mt ch tiu,
thng k gio dc phi c im tham chiu so
vi ci m ch tiu c th c nh gi.
Thng th im tham chiu l mt tiu chun
c x hi nht tr mt gi tr trong qu
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
indicators...To be an indicator, an education khhoc s so snh vi cc trng, khu vc
statistic must have a reference point against hoc quc gia (Nutall, 1992, trang 14).
which it can be judged. Usually the reference
point is some socially-agreed upon standard ...,
a past value ..., or a comparison across schools,
regions or nations (Nuttall, 1992, p.14).
Further work on the concept of an indicator Cng vic v khi nim ch tiu c Van
has been undertaken by van den Berghe den Berghe nghin cu (1997), phn bit
(1997) who distinguishes between four types gia 4 loi ch tiu - ch tiu m t, ch tiu
of indicators descriptive indicators, qun l v chnh sch, ch tiu thc hin v ch
management and policy indicators, tiu cht lng (mt b phn ca ch tiu thc
performance indicators and quality indicators hin). Cc ch tiu m c lin kt ti vic t
31

(a subset of performance indicators). Indicators c cc mc tiu hoc cc mc ch c th c

that are linked to the achievement of particular th c coi nh danh mc c bit ca cc ch
goals or objectives can be seen as a special tiu thc hin.
category of performance indicators.
VI DIN GII CA THNG K CANADA V D LIU, THNG TIN V S LIU THNG K
(http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power- (http://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-
pouvoir/ch1/definitions/5214853-eng.htm) pouvoir/ch1/definitions/5214853-eng.htm)
Data D liu
Before one can present and interpret Trc khi d liu c th c trnh by v din
information, there has to be a process of gii thnh thng tin, c mt quy trnh thu thp
gathering and sorting data. Just as trees are the v lc d liu. Ging nh nhng ci cy, cung
raw material from which paper is produced, so cp nguyn liu th cho sn xut giy, th d
too, can data be viewed as the raw material liu cng vy, d liu c xem nh l nguyn
from which information is obtained. liu th hnh thnh nn thng tin.
 TT TING ANH
In fact, a good definition of data is "facts or
figures from which conclusions can be
drawn".
Data, information and statistics are often
misunderstood. They are actually different
things, as Figure 1 shows:
Figure 1. Data collected on the weight of
20 individuals in your classroom
Data Information Statistics
20 kg, 5 individuals in the Mean
32
25 kg 20-to-25-kg range weight
22.5 kg
28 kg, 15 individuals in the Median
30 kg, 26-to-30-kg range weight = 28
etc. kg
1 Data can take various forms, but are often
numerical. As such, data can relate to an
enormous variety of aspects, for example:
the daily weight measurements of each
individual in your classroom;
the number of movie rentals per month
for each household in your neighbourhood;
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Thc t, mt nh ngha ng v d liu l
"nhng s vic hoc nhng con s m c th
a ra kt lun"
D liu, thng tin v s liu thng k thng b
hiu sai. Thc t l chng khc nhau, xem bng
1 di y:
Bng 1. D liu c thu thp v cn nng ca
20 ngi trong lp
D liu Thng tin S liu thng k
20 kg, 5 ngi c cn nng Cn nng trung
trong khong 20-ti- bnh = 22.5 kg
= 25 kg
25-kg
28 kg, 15 ngi c cn Cn nng trung
30 kg, nng trong khong v = 28 kg
vv. 26-ti-30-kg
D liu c th c nhiu dng khc nhau nhng
thng l cc con s. Cng nh vy, d liu c
th lin quan n nhiu kha cnh/lnh vc khc
nhau, v d:
o lng cn nng hng ngy ca tng
ngi trong lp;
S phim c thu theo thng ca tng
h gia nh trong khu vc ;
 TT TING ANH
the city's temperature (measured every
hour) for a one-week period.
Other forms of data exist, such as radio
signals, digitized images and laser patterns
on compact discs.
Statistics Canada collects data every day to
provide information.
Once data have been collected and
processed, they are ready to be organized
into information. Indeed, it is hard to imagine
reasons for collecting data other than to
33
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Nhit ca thnh ph (c o hng
gi) trong giai on 1 tun.
Cc hnh thc d liu khc nh tn hiu radio,
hnh nh s v cc ng sng laser trn a
nn.
Thng k Canada thu thp d liu hng ngy
cung cp thng tin.
Khi d liu c thu thp v x l, chng sn
sng c t chc thnh thng tin.
Trn thc t, kh a ra cc l do thu thp
d liu hn l cung cp thng tin. Thng tin

provide information. This information leads a n kin thc v cc vn v gip cc c

to knowledge about issues, and helps nhn v cc nhm a ra quyt nh da trn
individuals and groups make informed thng tin.
decisions. Thc t, a ra quyt nh da trn thng tin c
In practice, informed decision-making can th gip cc quc gia tit kim hng triu la
save countries millions of dollars (for (v d thng qua vic chi tiu ng mc ch
example, through accurate targeting of ca chnh ph). N cng c th gip cu cuc
government spending). It can also lead to life sng con ngi thng qua thng tin v thuc v
saving breakthroughs in medicine, and can c th gip bo tn mi trng t nhin ca tri
help conserve the earth's natural t.
environment.
Information Thng tin
A good definition of information is "data that nh ngha ng v thng tin l "d liu c
have been recorded, classified, organized, ghi li, phn loi, t chc, lin quan hoc din
 TT TING ANH
related, or interpreted within a framework so
that meaning emerges".
Information, like data, can take various
forms. Some examples of the different types
of information that can be derived from data
include:
the number of persons in a group in each
weight category (20 to 25 kg, 26 to 30 kg,
etc.);
the total number of households that did not
rent a movie during the last month; and
34
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
gii trong mt khun kh no a ra
ngha"
Thng tin, ging nh d liu, c nhiu dng
khc nhau. Mt s v d ca nhng loi thng
tin hnh thnh t d liu bao gm:
S ngi trong nhm thuc tng nhm cn
nng (20 ti 25kg, 26 ti 30 kg, v.v...);
Tng s h gia nh khng thu phim trong 1
thng qua; v
S ngy trong tun c nhit trn 20 C.

the number of days during the week where

the temperature went above 20C.
2 Statistics S liu thng k
Statistics represent a common method of S liu thng k th hin mt phng thc
presenting information. In general, statistics chung trnh by thng tin. Ni chung, s liu
relate to numerical data, and can refer to the thng k lin quan n d liu s, v c th dn
science of dealing with the numerical data ti vic x l d liu s. Ni chung, mc ch
itself. Above all, statistics aim to provide ca s liu thng k l cung cp thng tin hu
useful information by means of numbers. ch bng cc con s.
Therefore, a good definition of statistics is "a Do vy, nh ngha ng v s liu thng k l
type of information obtained through "mt loi thng tin c c thng qua cc php
mathematical operations on numerical data". ton trn cc d liu s".
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Score of hockey game im trong trn hc-ky
Toronto Maple Leafs Edmonton Oilers i Toronto Maple Leafs i Edmonton Oilers
6 5 6 5

Using the previous examples, some of the S dng v d trc, mt s s liu thng k c
statistics that can be obtained include: th c c bao gm:
Statistics obtained S liu thng k c c
Information Statistics Thng tin S liu thng k
the number of the average weight of s ngi trong nhm cn nng trung bnh ca
persons in a group students in your class trong tng nhm cn sinh vin trong lp
35

in each weight nng (20 n 25kg,

category 26 n 30 kg..)
(20 to 25 kg,
26 to 30 kg, etc.); tng s h gia nh s lng ti thiu h gia
khng thu phim nh ca bn phi thu
the total number of the minimum number of trong thng qua; v thuc nhm (tp) 5%
households that did rentals your household ngi thu phim trong
not rent a movie had to make to be in the thng qua
during the last top 5% of renters for the
month; and last month; and s ngy trong tun nhit thp nht v cao
c nhit trn 20 nht quan st c tng
the number of days the minimum and C ngy trong tun
during the week maximum temperature
where the observed each day of
temperature went the week
above 20C.
 TT TING ANH
A major role of Statistics Canada is to
provide the Canadian community with
statistics that will help society make
informed decisions. Statistical information
provided by Statistics Canada is used widely
by governments, business people, doctors,
farmers, teachers and students.
The provision of accurate and authoritative
statistical information strengthens modern
societies. It provides a basis for decisions to
be made on such things as where to open
schools and hospitals, how much money to
36
spend on welfare payments and even which
football players to replace at half-time! An
example of statistical information that can be
used for decision-making is given below.
VII V HP TC QUC T
1 Lut ca Georgia
Cooperation with the International and
Local Organizations
1. In view of the basic principles set out in
Article 4 of the present Law it is important
that Geostat cooperate with the international
and local organizations in order to effectively
produce the official statistics.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
Vai tr chnh ca Thng k Canada l cung cp
cho cng ng Canada s liu thng k m s
gip x hi a ra cc quyt nh da vo
thng tin c cung cp. Thng tin thng k
c cung cp bi c quan thng k Canada s
c Chnh ph, doanh nghip, bc s, nng
dn, gio vin, sinh vin s dng rng ri.
Cung cp thng tin thng k chnh xc v c
thm quyn gip x hi hin i hn. y l c
s cho thc hin cc quyt nh v cc vn
nh m trng hc hoc bnh vin, bao nhiu
tin dnh cho phc li x hi v thm ch cu
th bng no c thay ra ti hip 1. Mt v
d ca thng tin thng k c th c s dng
cho vic a ra quyt nh nh sau:
Lut ca Georgia iu 46. Hp tc quc t
Hp tc vi cc t chc quc t v trong v thng k chnh thc
nc 1. Hp tc quc t v thng
1. Bi v cc nguyn tc c bn trong iu 4 k nhm bo m cc s liu
ca Lut hin hnh ch ra rng vic Georgia thng k p ng yu cu so
hp tc vi cc t chc trong nc v quc t snh quc t, nng cao v th
sn xut cc s liu thng k chnh thc hiu thng k Vit Nam trong khu
qu l vic quan trng. vc v trn th gii.
 TT TING ANH
2. The goal of international cooperation in
the field of statistics is to introduce the
international practice and methodology and
share relevant experience based on the
agreements and treaties concluded with the
international organizations engaged in this
field.
3. Cooperation with the local organizations
means the cooperation and coordination of
the Geostat with the bodies producing the
statistics in order to effectively produce the
statistics.
37
2 Lut ca Croatia
Article 67
In executing international duties the
producers of official statistics shall achieve
comparability with other European countries,
abide to and apply international standards,
and actively participate in the development
of official statistics at an international level.
Article 68
The Central Bureau of Statistics shall
organise an exchange of the outputs and
methodological bases of official statistics
with other countries and international
organisations, unless in certain cases it may
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
2. Mc tiu ca hp tc quc t trong lnh vc 2. Cc lnh vc ch yu
thng k l gii thiu kinh nghim v phng trong hp tc quc t gm:
php lun quc t cng nh chia s kinh a) Phng php thng k;
nghim lin quan da trn cc tha thun v b) o to nhn lc;
hip c c k kt vi cc t chc quc t
tham gia trong lnh vc ny. c) So snh quc t;
3. Hp tc vi cc t chc trong nc c ngha d) Thu ht ngun lc.
l s hp tc v iu phi ca Thng k 3. C quan Thng k
Georgia vi cc c quan sn xut thng k Trung ng gip B
sn xut s liu thng k hiu qu. trng B K hoch v
u t t chc, iu phi
hot ng hp tc quc t
trong hot ng thng k.
Lut ca Croatia
iu 67
thc hin ngha v quc t, cc c quan sn
xut thng k chnh thc s c c tnh so
snh vi cc quc gia chu u khc, tun theo
v p dng cc tiu chun quc t, v ch ng
tham gia vo vic pht trin thng k chnh
thc cp quc t.
iu 68
C quan thng k trung ng s t chc vic
trao i kt qu v cc c s phng php lun
ca thng k chnh thc vi cc quc gia khc
v t chc quc t, tuy nhin, trong mt s
trng hp nht nh c th y quyn thc
 TT TING ANH
grant the authority to do so to another
producer of official statistics, or unless
differently regulated by a special act.
The Central Bureau of Statistics and other
producers of official statistics under the
conditions of paragraph 1 of this Article may
transfer individual statistical data without
identifier, to which the provisions on
confidentiality and protection of statistical
data of the present Act apply, to the
statistical offices of other countries and the
statistical services of international
38
organisations if such users guarantee
statistical confidentiality.
Each transfer of the statistical data referred to
in paragraph 2 of this Article shall be
recorded with a statement on the country, or
international organisation, to which these
data have been delivered.
The statistical office and statistical service of
the international organisation which requires
the statistical data referred to in paragraph 2
of this Article shall submit a written
declaration confirming that it shall apply the
provisions on statistical confidentiality on
these statistical data, and that it shall use
them exclusively for statistical purposes.
DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
hin hp tc cho c quan sn xut thng k
chnh thc khc, hoc c quy nh ring bi
mt b lut c th.
C quan thng k trung ng v cc c quan
sn xut thng k chnh thc khc thuc cc
iu kin ghi trong on 1 ca iu khon ny
c th chuyn d liu thng k c nhn m
khng cn thng tin nh danh, cho nhng c
quan thng k ca cc quc gia khc v cc t
chc quc t trn c s bo mt v bo v
thng tin thng k theo Lut hin hnh nu nh
nhng i tng dng tin m bo tnh bo
mt thng tin thng k.
Mi giao dch/chuyn ti d liu thng k
thuc on 2 ca iu khon ny s c ghi
li bng vn bn/bo co cho quc gia hoc t
chc quc t bit.
C quan thng k v cc t chc thng k quc
t yu cu d liu thng k thuc on 2 ca
iu khon ny phi gi vn bn khng nh
rng s p dng iu khon bo mt thng tin
thng k v s ch s dng cho mc ch thng
k.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
3 Lut ca Serbia Lut ca Serbia
Chapter X. INTERNATIONAL Chng X. Hp tc quc t
COOPERATION Hp tc vi cc t chc quc t
Cooperation with international organizations
Article 50 iu 50
The Office shall maintain the cooperation C quan thng k s duy tr hp tc vi cc t
with international statistical organizations. chc thng k quc t.
Coordination role Vai tr iu phi
Article 51 iu 51
Within the system of official statistics of the Trong h thng thng k chnh thc ca Cng
39

Republic of Serbia, the Office shall have a
coordination role in international statistical
cooperation.
4 Lut ca CHDCND Lo
International Cooperation
Government promotes regional and global
cooperation thru the coordination, exchange
of experiences, participation in international
meetings, upgrading of technical competence
and technology, cooperation in the area of
research, and support mobilization in order to
develop a strong and modern statistics
system.
ha Secbi, C quan thng k s c vai tr iu
phi trong hp tc thng k quc t.
Lut ca CHDCND Lo
Hp tc quc t
Chnh ph thc y hp tc trong khu vc v
ton cu thng qua hot ng iu phi, trao
i kinh nghim, s tham gia cc phin hp
quc t, nng cp nng lc k thut v cng
ngh, hp tc trong lnh vc nghin cu v huy
ng h tr xy dng mt h thng thng k
vng mnh v hin i.
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
VIII V MT S IU KHON NG QUAN TM KHC
1 Budget, Logo, Uniform and Stamp Ngn sch, biu tng, ng phc v con
du
Lut ca CHDCND Lo Lut ca CHDCND Lo
Part VIII- Budget, Logo, Uniform and Phn VIII
Stamp Ngn sch, biu tng, ng phc v con
du
Article 57: Sources of the Fund Cc ngun ti chnh
The main sources of funds to support Cc ngun ti chnh ch yu h tr hot
statistics activities are from government ng thng k l t ngn sch nh nc, h tr
40

budget, support from bilateral and t t chc quc t song phng v a phng,
multilateral international organization, s ng gp t x hi v cc ngun khc.
contributions from the society and other
sources.
Article 58: Budget Ngn sch
The budget of the Lao Statistics Bureau Ngn sch ca C quan thng k Lo (LSB)
(LSB) is classified at the first grade layer of nm trong nhm u ca danh mc ngn sch
the state budget. nh nc.
The management and use of the budget for Qun l v s dng ngn sch ca h thng
the vertical statistics system must follow the thng k ngnh dc phi tun theo lut ngn
state budget law. sch nh nc.
Article 59: Logo, uniform and stamp Biu tng, ng phc v con du
The vertical statistics system has its own H thng ngnh dc c biu tng, ng phc
 TT TING ANH DCH RA TING VIT D THO LUT
logo, uniform and official stamp for use in v con du ring s dng trong cng vic
their official routine work. chnh thc.
2 iu khon b sung
Lut ca Trung Quc Lut ca Trung Quc
Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions Chng VI iu khon b sung
Article 32 Measures for administration of iu 32 Cc bin php qun l iu tra thng
non-governmental statistical investigation k phi chnh ph s c Hi ng nh nc
shall be formulated by the State Council. xc nh.
To conduct a statistical investigation within thc hin iu tra thng k trong lnh th
the territory of the People's Republic of Cng ha Nhn dn Trung Hoa, cc t chc v
China, organizations and individuals from c nhn bn ngoi lnh th ca Cng ha Nhn
41

outside the territory of the People's Republic
of China shall submit a report for
examination and for approval in advance
according to regulations. Specific measures
shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 33 The State Statistics Bureau shall,
in accordance with this Law, formulate rules
for its implementation and submit them to
the State Council for approval before they
are put into effect.
dn Trung Hoa phi np bo co kim tra v
ph duyt trc theo quy nh. Cc bin php
c th s c Hi ng nh nc xc nh.
iu 33 Theo lut, C quan thng k nh nc
s thit lp cc quy tc cho vic thc hin ny
v trnh ln Hi ng nh nc ph chun
trc khi cc quy tc c hiu lc.