Predisposing Factor Precipitating Factors

Previous diagnosis
Age (60 y/o) Smoking COPD (2010)
Male Environment (exposure
Prolonged used of
to dusts and chemical
fumes) steroids (Symbicort)
Occupation (Crafts
man(Furniture maker)

Agranulocytosis

Increased susceptibility to respiratory infection

Abnormal inflammatory response

Narrowing of the airway wall (bronchioles) Pulmonary Tuberculosis / Pneumonia

Structural changes in the lung parenchyma (respiratory bronchioles and alveoli)

Degrade elastin by proteolysis

Disequilibrium between elastase and anti-elastase

Destruction of Alveolar wall and capillaries

Decrease in elastic recoil. Loss of alveolarAttachments

 Enlarge air spaces Impaired gas diffusion Air trapping on expiration

Dynamic hyper inflation Shortness of breath

Decrease compliance
Barrel Chest

Dyspnea Increase work of breathing

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease