Muscles

Muscle= Myo or mys

Sarco= flesh also refer as muscles
1. Sarcomere
2. Sarcoplasm
3. Myofibril
4. Epimysium
5. Perimysium
6. Endomysium

Muscles job:
1. Produce Movement
2. Maintain posture & body position
3. Stabilize Joints
4. Generates heat
5. Stores Calcium
6. Protects organs, valves, dilate pupils, raise hairs ( Goose
Skin/GooseBumps/Horripilation/) (Erector Pili Muscles)

Types of tissue Muscles

Skeletal (650): Voluntary, Striated, multinucleated
Cardiac: (heart) Striated, Involuntary
Smooth: Visceral (lines hollow Organs) nonstriated, involuntary

Special Characteristics
Excitability: Can receive and respond to stimuli
Contractility: Can shorten forcibly
Extensibility: Can be stretched or extended
Elasticity: Can recoil and resume resting length after being stretched

Facts
Each single muscle is considered an organ
Each muscle served by a nerve, artery & vein
Rich blood supply - need energy & 02
Connective tissue sheaths: wraps each cell and reinforce whole muscle
Tendons attach muscle to bone, cartilage attach muscle to muscle
Muscles: Muscles cells + blood vessels + nerve fibers. Covered by Epimysium
(connective tissue)
Fascicle: bundle of muscle cells. Surrounded by Perimysium
MUscle Fiber (cells): Surrounded by endomysium
Myofibril: Complex organelle
Sarcomere: contractile unit

Anatomy of muscle Fiber

- Up to 30 cm long
- Multinucleate cell
- Sarcolemma (plasma membrane)
- Sarcoplasm (cytoplasm)
- Myofibril = rodlike organelle
Contains contractile element (sarcomeres)
Alternating light (i) and dark (a) bands
 Sarcomeres
Smallest contractile unit of muscles fiber
Region between 2 successive Z disks

Myosin extend from the Z disc

ACTIN IS IN THE (A) BAND
- SLIDING FILAMENT HYPOTHESIS =
Protein myo-filaments
Thick filaments= myosin protein
Thin filaments = actin protein
Actin (Filament): double helix
Actin + Troponin = not interact with myosin

Sarcoplasmic reticular - Calcium

Neurotransmitter for muscle contraction: acetylcholine (Ach)

ATP: Release
ADP: Contract
Agonist: contacting
Tagonist: relaxation
Motor Neuron attaches to skeletal or cardiac muscle. (ACH)
T-tubule: present only in muscle
Rigor Mortis