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Complete German The Basics by Living Language Excerpt PDF
Complete German The Basics by Living Language Excerpt PDF
COMPLETE
Written by
Helga Schier
Edited by
Suzanne McQuade
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COURSE OUTLINE
How to use this course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Language learning tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
German spelling and pronunciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvi
Lesson 1 (words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The definite article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Lesson 2 (phrases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Personal pronouns in the singular . . . . . . . 6
The verb sein (to be) in the singular . . . . . . 8
Lesson 3 (sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Numbers 010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Numbers 1120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Lesson 4 (conversations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Personal pronouns in the plural . . . . . . . 15
The verb sein (to be) in the plural . . . . . . 17
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Lesson 5 (words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The verb haben (to have) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Regular verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Lesson 6 (phrases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Indefinite articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Possessive adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Lesson 7 (sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Negation with nicht (not) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Negation with kein (no) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Lesson 8 (conversations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Asking questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Numbers 20100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Lesson 9 (words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Telling time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Numbers above 100 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Lesson 10 (phrases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
The months and seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Expressing likes and dislikes with
gern + verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Course outline v
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Lesson 11 (sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The plural of nouns 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The plural of nouns 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Lesson 12 (conversations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Descriptive words 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Descriptive words 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Lesson 13 (words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
The present tense of regular verbs . . . . . . 72
The present tense of stem-changing
verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lesson 14 (phrases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Separable verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Reflexive verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Lesson 15 (sentences) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
The accusative case of nouns 1 . . . . . . . . 82
The accusative case of nouns 2 . . . . . . . . 85
Lesson 16 (conversations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The accusative of kein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
The accusative of possessive
pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
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Lesson 17 (words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
The accusative case of personal
pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
N-nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
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Course outline ix
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Unit 1
Talking about yourself and making introductions
Lesson 1 (words)
WORD LIST 1
Guten Tag! (fml.) Good day!
Hallo! (infml.) Hello!
Auf Wiedersehen! (fml.) Good-bye!
Tschss! (infml.) Bye!
Herr Schneider Mr. Schneider
Frau Schneider Ms./Mrs. Schneider
der Lehrer teacher (male)
die Lehrerin teacher (female)
der Student student (male)
die Studentin student (female)
der Rechtsanwalt lawyer (male)
die Rechtsanwltin lawyer (female)
Note
The following abbreviations will be used in this course: (m.) =
masculine, (f.) = feminine, (sg.) = singular, (pl.) = plural, (fml.) =
formal/polite, and (infml.) = informal.
Lesson 1 1
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The word that comes before each profession, der for a male and
die for a female, is called an article. Well learn about articles next.
The female version of the profession often takes the ending -in.
There are a few words that have additional changes. The female
version may change a vowel to an umlauti.e., a becomes .
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PRACTICE 1
Decide which vocabulary word best describes the person below.
WORD LIST 2
der Mann man
die Frau woman
das Kind child
das Haus house
das Bro office
der Bus bus
die Welt world
der Amerikaner American (male)
die Amerikanerin American (female)
und and
heien to be called
arbeiten to work
bei at
aus from
in in
Lesson 1 3
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teacher) are all masculine, while die Frau (woman) and die
Lehrerin (female teacher) are feminine, and das Bro (office) and
das Haus (house) are neuter.
But not all nouns have a natural gender. Just look at die Welt
(world) or der Bus (bus) or das Kind (child). There is no natural
reason for the world to be considered feminine, the bus to be
considered masculine, or the child to be considered neuter. So
the best thing to do is simply to learn the definite articleder,
die, or das (the equivalent of the English the)along with the
word. The vocabulary lists will always list the article der, die, or
das as well. Lets look at the genders of some of the nouns youve
learned so far, along with some new nouns.
You will also often see the article das used to mean that in Ger-
man.
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PRACTICE 2
Insert the correct definite articleder, die, or das.
Tip!
There are quite a few different ways to memorize new vocabulary,
so its a good idea to try a few out to see what works for you. Sim-
ply reading a word in a list isnt going to make you remember it.
Write down your new vocabulary in a notebook, and then try to
write it or say it out loud a few times so itll sink in. You can use the
recordings that go with this course for that, too. Make flash cards,
with the German on one side and the English on the other. Start
out translating from German into English, and once youve mas-
tered that, go from English into German. Label things in your home
or office with pieces of paper or sticky notes, so youll see the Ger-
man word every time you come into contact with an object. Exper-
iment and explore, but whatever you do, pace yourself. Ideally
youll spend a little bit of time on your German every day
sometimes twenty minutes a day over the course of a week will go
much further than a two-hour sitting in one day. If you cant find
the time to practice some German every day, dont despair. Just
work regularly, and grab a free moment here or there to remind
yourself of what youve learned.
ANSWERS
PRACTICE 1: 1. die Rechtsanwltin; 2. der Student; 3. der
Lehrer; 4. die Schauspielerin; 5. die rztin
PRACTICE 2: 1. die; 2. das; 3. der; 4. das; 5. der; 6. die
Lesson 1 5
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Lesson 2 (phrases)
Wie gehts? (How are you?) Are you ready to build on the words
youve learned so far?
PHRASE LIST 1
Wie gehts? (infml.) How are you?
Wie geht es Ihnen? (fml.) How are you?
Gut, danke. Good, thanks.
Ich bin Amerikaner. Im American. (male)
Ich bin Amerikanerin. Im American. (female)
Ich bin Deutscher. Im German. (male)
Ich bin Deutsche. Im German. (female)
aus Dresden from Dresden
aus Chicago from Chicago
in Mnchen in Munich
in Deutschland in Germany
Ich bin Rechtsanwalt. Im a lawyer. (male)
Ich bin Rechtsanwltin. Im a lawyer. (female)
. . . , nicht wahr? . . . , right?
ich I
du (infml.) you
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er he
sie she
es it
Notice that there are two different words for you. When speaking
German, you have to distinguish between talking to strangers,
business associates, people older than you, and anyone you want
to show respect to (formal), and talking to family, friends, chil-
dren, and people you know better and are very familiar with (in-
formal). German has different forms of the pronoun you to show
this distinction: the formal form Sie, and the informal form du.
PRACTICE 1
Which German pronoun would you use in the following situa-
tions?
PHRASE LIST 2
Guten Morgen. Good morning.
Guten Abend. Good evening.
Gute Nacht. Good night.
Bis bald. See you soon.
Bis morgen. See you tomorrow.
beruflich hier here on business
von Beruf by profession
Lesson 2 7
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ich bin I am
Note in the last example that the first two words in the sen-
tence are inverted to form a question, just as you would do in
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PRACTICE 2
Follow the instructions below.
Language link
Whod have thought that you can surf the web and learn German
at the same time? Its important to keep in contact with the cul-
ture of the language youre learning, so why not check out a few
websites? For the official and independent portal to all things
German, visit www.deutschland.de. For information on Switzer-
land, visit www.schweiz.ch. You can learn more about Austria at
www.oesterreich.at, and www.dw-world.de offers news and gen-
eral information on all three countries in English.
ANSWERS
PRACTICE 1: 1. du; 2. Sie; 3. er; 4. ich; 5. sie
PRACTICE 2: 1. Klaus ist aus Mnchen. 2. Susanne ist aus
Dresden. 3. Horst, du bist Rechtsanwalt, nicht wahr? 4. Frau
Schneider, Sie sind aus Chicago, nicht wahr? 5. Ich bin aus . . .
Lesson 3 (sentences)
You already began to learn a few sentences in German in the last
lesson; lets expand on those phrases you learned in Lesson 2
with sentences such as Wie heien Sie? (Whats your name?)
Lesson 3 9
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SENTENCE LIST 1
Wie heien Sie? (fml.) Whats your name?
Wie heit du? (infml.) Whats your name?
Ich heie . . . My name is . . .
Wie war Ihr Name? (fml.) What was your name again?
Wie war dein Name? (infml.) What was your name again?
Mein Name ist . . . My name is . . .
Woher kommen Sie? (fml.) Where are you from?
Woher kommst du? (infml.) Where are you from?
Ich bin aus Los Angeles. Im from Los Angeles.
Ich bin aus Chicago. I am from Chicago.
Ich bin Amerikaner. Im American. (male)
Ich bin Amerikanerin. Im American. (female)
null zero
eins one
zwei two
drei three
vier four
fnf five
sechs six
sieben seven
acht eight
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neun nine
zehn ten
PRACTICE 1
Complete the sentences.
SENTENCE LIST 2
Wie spt ist es? What time is it?
Es ist sieben Uhr. Its seven A.M.
Wir sind pnktlich um We are here at ten A.M. sharp.
zehn Uhr hier.
Ich bin um neun Uhr Ill be in the office at nine A.M.
im Bro.
Wie lange sind Sie schon How long have you been with InterCorp?
bei InterCorp?
Seit fnf Jahren. For five years.
Das ist mein Bus. Thats my bus.
Das ist meine Haltestelle. Thats my stop.
Das ist unglaublich. Thats unbelievable.
Das ist ja geradezu Thats truly uncanny.
unheimlich.
Lesson 3 11
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elf eleven
zwlf twelve
dreizehn thirteen
vierzehn fourteen
fnfzehn fifteen
sechzehn sixteen
siebzehn seventeen
achtzehn eighteen
neunzehn nineteen
zwanzig twenty
Note that sechs loses the -s and sieben looses the -en when com-
bined with zehn.
PRACTICE 2
Answer in German.
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Discovery activity
Learning the numbers in German can be a lot of fun. Memorize
your telephone number in German. Go through your dresser and
count all your socks in Germannot the pairs, but the individual
socks. Go through your kitchen drawers and count all your spoons,
knives, and forks. How many chairs do you have in your house?
And what about windows? How many people are in your immedi-
ate family, including spouses and children? How many in your fam-
ily of origin, including parents and siblings? How many in your
extended family, including grandparents, aunts, and uncles? How
many years did you go to school, including college? The things you
could count are endlesstrees on your street, tables in your fa-
vorite restaurant, cups of coffee you drink every day. Make a point
to find at least drei things to count per day for the next sieben
days. Enjoy!
ANSWERS
PRACTICE 1: 1. vier; 2. sieben; 3. neun; 4. zehn; 5. zehn
PRACTICE 2: 1. zwlf; 2. dreizehn; 3. achtzehn; 4. zehn;
5. zwanzig
Lesson 4 (conversations)
Words, phrases, and sentences put together make up a conversa-
tion. Lets listen in.
CONVERSATION 1
Sabine Schmidt and Klaus Huber are waiting for the bus. Klaus is bored,
so he decides to speak to the woman sitting next to him.
Lesson 4 13
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Notes
Note that Klaus and Sabine are using the formal form Sie when
addressing each other. From this we can gather that they are prob-
ably over twenty years old and dont know each other, at least not
very well. Also note that they introduce themselves with their
first and last names. Generally, adults wont be on a first-name
basis until theyve known each other for a little while.
wir we
sie they
PRACTICE 1
In this exercise, replace each of the following nouns with the cor-
rect pronoun.
Lesson 4 15
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CONVERSATION 2
Remember Sabine and Klaus? In the brief conversation they had
while waiting for the bus, we discovered that Sabine is Klauss
boss. Lets see what happens next.
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Notes
In most countries in Europe, parking is difficult in the city, so
people tend to take public transportation rather than a personal
car to get around town. And because people depend on public
transportation that much, buses, trains, and streetcars adhere to
their schedules and run on time. So make sure you are pnktlich
(punctual)!
Lesson 4 17
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PRACTICE 2
Answer the questions based on the cue in parentheses.
Language link
Train travel is one of the most preferred forms of public transporta-
tion, particularly in Europe. Who wouldnt want to take a trip on the
fast ICE (Inter City Express), connecting major cities in Germany
and the rest of continental Europe, or the convenient Regional-
express (regional express train), allowing passengers to travel be-
tween smaller cities around a particular metropolitan area? Check
out www.bahn.de to get timetables for the Deutsche Bundesbahn
(German Railway), purchase tickets, and make travel arrangements
including hotel reservations and car rentals. www.oebb.at offers
the same service for the Austrian railway, and www.rail.ch for the
Swiss railroad.
ANSWERS
PRACTICE 1: 1. sie; 2. Sie; 3. wir; 4. er; 5. ihr
PRACTICE 2: 1. Wir sind aus New York. 2. Er ist Arzt von
Beruf. 3. Herr und Frau Rosen sind beruflich hier. 4. Guten
Abend. 5. Ich bin . . . von Beruf.
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UNIT 1 ESSENTIALS
The following phrases have been introduced in Unit 1. This isnt
a list of every sentence you learned in the first unit, but it covers
the most essential phrases. Be sure to practice these phrases as
much as possible until they become natural to you.
Wie war Ihr Name? (fml.) What was your name again?
Wie war dein Name? (infml.) What was your name again?
Lesson 4 19
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