6/3/2017 Lumen(unit)Wikipedia

Lumen(unit)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Thelumen(symbol:lm)istheSIderivedunitofluminousflux,ameasureofthetotalquantityofvisiblelight
emittedbyasource.Luminousfluxdiffersfrompower(radiantflux)inthatradiantfluxincludesall
electromagneticwavesemitted,whileluminousfluxisweightedaccordingtoamodelofthehumaneye's
sensitivitytovariouswavelengths.Lumensarerelatedtoluxinthatoneluxisonelumenpersquaremeter.

Thelumenisdefinedinrelationtothecandelaas

1lm=1cdsr.

Afullspherehasasolidangleof4steradians,[1]soalightsourcethatuniformlyradiatesonecandelainall
directionshasatotalluminousfluxof1cd4sr=4cdsr12.57lumens.[2]

Contents
1 Explanation
2 Lighting
3 Projectoroutput
3.1 ANSIlumens
3.2 Peaklumens
3.3 Colorlightoutput
4 SIphotometryunits
5 Seealso
6 Notesandreferences

Explanation
Ifalightsourceemitsonecandelaofluminousintensityuniformlyacrossasolidangleofonesteradian,the
totalluminousfluxemittedintothatangleisonelumen(1cd1sr=1lm).Alternatively,anisotropicone
candelalightsourceemitsatotalluminousfluxofexactly4lumens.Ifthesourcewerepartlycoveredbyan
idealabsorbinghemisphere,thatsystemwouldradiatehalfasmuchluminousfluxonly2lumens.The
luminousintensitywouldstillbeonecandelainthosedirectionsthatarenotobscured.

Thelumencanbethoughtofcasuallyasameasureofthetotal"amount"ofvisiblelightinsomedefinedbeam
orangle,oremittedfromsomesource.Thenumberofcandelasorlumensfromasourcealsodependsonits
spectrum,viathenominalresponseofthehumaneyeasrepresentedintheluminosityfunction.

Thedifferencebetweentheunitslumenandluxisthattheluxtakesintoaccounttheareaoverwhichthe
luminousfluxisspread.Afluxof1000lumens,concentratedintoanareaofonesquaremetre,lightsupthat
squaremetrewithanilluminanceof1000lux.Thesame1000lumens,spreadoutovertensquaremetres,
producesadimmerilluminanceofonly100lux.Mathematically,1lx=1lm/m2.

Asourceradiatingapowerofonewattoflightinthecolorforwhichtheeyeismostefficient(awavelengthof
555nm,inthegreenregionoftheopticalspectrum)hasluminousfluxof683lumens.Soalumenrepresentsat
least1/683wattsofvisiblelightpower,dependingonthespectraldistribution.

Lighting

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Lampsusedforlightingarecommonlylabelledwiththeirlightoutputin
lumensinmanyjurisdictionsthisisrequiredbylaw.

A23Wspiralcompactfluorescentlampemitsabout1,400
1,600lm.[3][4]Manycompactfluorescentlampsandotheralternative
lightsourcesarelabelledasbeingequivalenttoanincandescentbulb
withaspecificwattage.Belowisatablethatshowstypicalluminous
fluxforcommonincandescentbulbsandtheirequivalents.

Electricalpowerequivalentsfordifferinglamps[5]
AstandardLEDlampcapableof
Electricalpowerconsumption(watts) producing470lumens.Itconsumes
Minimumlight
output(lumens) 120VIncandescent Compact aboutonesixththeenergyofan
LED
(nonhalogen) fluorescent incandescentlightbulbproducingthe
200 25 35 3[6] samelight.

450 40 911 58
800 60 1315 812
1,100 75 1820 1016
1,600 100 2428 1417
24
2,400 150 3052
30[7]
3,100 200 4975 32[8]
4,000 300 75100 40.5[9]

OnSeptember1,2010,EuropeanUnionlegislationcameintoforcemandatingthatlightingequipmentmustbe
labelledprimarilyintermsofluminousflux(lm),insteadofelectricpower(W).[10]Thischangeisaresultof
theEU'sEcodesignDirectiveforEnergyusingProducts(EuP).[11]Forexample,accordingtotheEuropean
Unionstandard,anenergyefficientbulbthatclaimstobetheequivalentofa60Wtungstenbulbmusthavea
minimumlightoutputof700750lm.[12]

Projectoroutput
ANSIlumens

Thelightoutputofprojectors(includingvideoprojectors)istypicallymeasuredinlumens.Astandardized
procedurefortestingprojectorshasbeenestablishedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,which
involvesaveragingtogetherseveralmeasurementstakenatdifferentpositions.[13]Formarketingpurposes,the
luminousfluxofprojectorsthathavebeentestedaccordingtothisproceduremaybequotedin"ANSIlumens",
todistinguishthemfromthosetestedbyothermethods.ANSIlumenmeasurementsareingeneralmore
accuratethantheothermeasurementtechniquesusedintheprojectorindustry.[14]Thisallowsprojectorstobe
moreeasilycomparedonthebasisoftheirbrightnessspecifications.

ThemethodformeasuringANSIlumensisdefinedintheIT7.215documentwhichwascreatedin1992.First
theprojectorissetuptodisplayanimageinaroomatatemperatureof25degreesCelsius.Thebrightnessand
contrastoftheprojectorareadjustedsothatonafullwhitefield,itispossibletodistinguishbetweena5%
screenareablockof95%peakwhite,andtwoidenticallysized100%and90%peakwhiteboxesatthecenter
ofthewhitefield.Thelightoutputisthenmeasuredonafullwhitefieldatninespecificlocationsaroundthe
screenandaveraged.Thisaverageisthenmultipliedbythescreenareatogivethebrightnessoftheprojectorin
"ANSIlumens".[15]

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Peaklumens

PeaklumensisameasureoflightoutputnormallyusedwithCRTvideoprojectors.Thetestingusesatest
patterntypicallyateither10and20percentoftheimageareaaswhiteatthecenterofthescreen,therestas
black.Thelightoutputismeasuredjustinthiscenterarea.LimitationswithCRTvideoprojectorsresultin
themproducinggreaterbrightnesswhenjustafractionoftheimagecontentisatpeakbrightness.Forexample,
theSonyVPHG70QCRTvideoprojectorproduces1200"peak"lumensbutjust200ANSIlumens.[16]

Colorlightoutput

Brightness(whitelightoutput)measuresthetotalamountoflightprojectedinlumens.Thecolorbrightness
specificationColorLightOutputmeasuresred,green,andblueeachonaninepointgrid,usingthesame
approachasthatusedtomeasurebrightness.Expertsadviseprojectorbuyerstomakecertainthatwhitelight
outputandcolorlightoutputareequalforoptimumviewingexperiences.

SIphotometryunits
SIphotometryquantities
Quantity Unit Dimension
Notes
Name Symbol[nb1] Name Symbol Symbol
Unitsaresometimescalled
Luminousenergy Qv[nb2] lumensecond lms TJ[nb3]
talbots.
Luminousflux/ lumen
v[nb2] lm J[nb3] Luminousenergyperunittime.
luminouspower (=cdsr)
candela Luminousfluxperunitsolid
Luminousintensity Iv
(=lm/sr)
cd J[nb3] angle.
Luminousfluxperunitsolid
candelaper angleperunitprojectedsource
Luminance Lv cd/m2 L2J
squaremetre area.Unitsaresometimescalled
nits.
Luminousfluxincidentona
Illuminance Ev lux(=lm/m2) lx L2J
surface.
Luminousexitance/ Luminousfluxemittedfroma
Mv lux lx L2J
luminousemittance surface.
Luminousexposure Hv luxsecond lxs L2TJ
lumensecond
Luminousenergy v percubic lmsm3 L3TJ
density
metre
Ratioofluminousfluxtoradiant
lumenper
Luminousefficacy [nb2] lm/W M1L2T3J fluxorpowerconsumption,
watt
dependingoncontext.
Luminousefficiency/
V 1
luminouscoefficient
Seealso:SIPhotometryRadiometry

1.Standardsorganizationsrecommendthatphotometricquantitiesbedenotedwithasuffix"v"(for"visual")toavoid
confusionwithradiometricorphotonquantities.Forexample:USAStandardLetterSymbolsforIlluminating
EngineeringUSASZ7.11967,Y10.181967

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2.Alternativesymbolssometimesseen:Wforluminousenergy,PorFforluminousflux,andorKforluminous
efficacy.
3."J"hereisthesymbolforthedimensionofluminousintensity,notthesymbolfortheunitjoules.

Seealso
Brightness
Luminousefficacy
Lux
Nit(unit)

Notesandreferences
1."Lessonintroductiontosolidangles".RetrievedOct4,2010.
2.Bryant,RobertH."Lumens,Illuminance,Footcandlesandbrightshinybeads".TheLEDLight.RetrievedOct4,
2010.
3."OSRAMDuluxEnergispareprer"(PDF).Osram.dk.Archivedfromtheoriginal(pdf)onMarch1,2012.Retrieved
May25,2013.
4."ConventionalCFLs".EnergyFederationIncorporated.RetrievedDec23,2008.
5."LearnAboutLightOutput:ENERGYSTAR".Energystar.gov.Retrieved20120715.
6.forexample:http://www.amazon.com/BulbsIncandescentEquivalentDimmable200lm/dp/B00KYK07OU
7.oneexamplehasbeenfound,atURL:http://www.amazon.com/PacLightsUltra150PerformanceEquivalent
Replacement/dp/B00F9CM49Y
8.PhilipsLuxeonCoBemitters,specificallyLHC140901208datasheet
http://www.philipslumileds.com/uploads/419/DS115pdf
9.PhilipsLuxeonCoBemitters,specificallyLHC140901211datasheet
http://www.philipslumileds.com/uploads/419/DS115pdf
10."Lightingnowlabelledinlumens".England:NationalPhysicalLaboratory.RetrievedMarch10,2012.
11."Ecodesignforenergyusingappliances".SummariesofEUlegislation.theEUinstitutions.Feb2,2010.Retrieved
March10,2012.
12."Energysavinglightbulbs:howtoreadthepackaging".EuropeanCommission.Archivedfromtheoriginalon28
June2013.RetrievedMarch10,2012.
13."ANSIlumenarticle".PCMagazineEncyclopedia.RetrievedDec20,2006.
14."ProjectorGuide".CPILive.net.February2004.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember3,2006.RetrievedDec20,
2006.
15."ANSImethodoflightoutputmeasurement".1993.Archivedfromtheoriginal(doc)onFeb26,2012.Retrieved
Jan15,2008.
16."SonyG70Brochure"(PDF).

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Categories: Photometry Unitsofluminousflux SIderivedunits

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