Tiu ban Nng lng, K thut cng trnh, Vn ti v Cng ngh Bin 61

LA CHN GII PHP KT CU TURBINE PHT IN SC

GI XY DNG VEN BIN VIT NAM

Mai Hng Qun, V an Chnh

Vin Xy Dng Cng Trnh Bin, i hc Xy Dng. S 55, Gii Phng, H Ni
Email: quandhxd@gmail.com

Tm tt:
Turbine pht in nh sc gi hay cn gi l Trm Phong in l mt ngun
nng lng ti to ang c c th gii trong c Vit Nam a vo khai
thc. So vi cc trm phong in trn t lin, cc trm phong in xy dng
ngoi khi c cc li th r rt nh sc gi mnh v n nh, gim nh hng
v nhim ting n v khng mt t. Bi bo ny nhm gii thiu cc dng
kt cu c th s dng cho cc trm phong in bin Vit Nam.

A SELECTION OF OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY GENERATED TURBIN

SUPPORT STRUCTURE IN COASTAL ZONE OF VIETNAM
Abstract:
Wind turbine is one of renewable energy exploited in the world including
Vietnam. Compare with the onshore wind turbine, the offshore have some
significant advantages as the high and stable wind velocity, reduce the
effecting of the noise and save the land. The purpose of this paper is to
introduce some type of offshore wind turbine support structure which is
suitable to build in Vietnam conditions.

1. M u:
Pht in nh sc gi ang l mc tiu theo ui ca ton cu, trong c Vit Nam
nhm cung cp cho x hi mt ngun nng lng ti to tim nng v rt t nh hng n
mi trng sng. Theo nghin cu ca WorldBank th Vit Nam vi bin v b bin di v
nhiu o l mt quc gia c tim nng ln v nng lng gi. Trong bng sau l mt s
a phng c tim nng cung cp in gi Vit Nam.
62 Hi ngh Khoa hc v Cng ngh Bin ton quc ln th V

Bng 1. Tim nng gi Vit Nam (S liu ca cc Kh tng Thy vn 2005)

a phng Tc gi Mt cng Mt nng lng

trung bnh sut gi bnh qun/nm
Vtb(m/s) (W/m2) (E=kWh/m2)
Pha in 3,2 - 751,1
o C T 4,4 - 1.317,9
Bi Chy 3,3 64,0 562
Bch Long V 7,3 119,0 4.487,0
Nam nh 3,6 72,0 631,0
Vn L 4,3 72,0 933,5
ng Hi 3,9 108,6 952,0
Quy Nhn 4,1 106,6 935,0
Cam Ranh 4,2 124,3 1065,7
o Ph Qu 6,8 108,0 3554,2
Ply Ku 3,1 69,6 610,0
Lt 3,0 66,2 580,0
Tn Sn Nht 3,2 56,1 492,0
Vng Tu 3,9 101,1 886,0
Ph Quc 3,7 97,5 855,0
Rch Gi 3,2 47,7 476,0
Trng Sa 6,3 307,1 2692,0

S liu iu tra cho thy cc vng bin v ven bin min trung, cc vng o, hi o
l nhng vng c tin nng in gi ni tri.
Nhng trm pht in sc gi (Turbine gi) c xy dng nhiu trn t lin, d t
nhng vn c nhng nh hng nht nh n mi trng nht l v ting n, v chim
qu t trng trt ng k. Turbine pht in nh sc gi ngoi bin (Phong in bin) l
mt hng ang c cc nc trn th gii pht trin nhm tn dng vn tc gi ln v
n nh ngoi bin v gim ting n, khng chim t dnh cho canh tc. y cng l
hng pht trin tt yu ca Vit Nam trong tng lai gn.
Tiu ban Nng lng, K thut cng trnh, Vn ti v Cng ngh Bin 63

Roto- Cnh qut

Tr trn Tr trn
Kt cu
Sn cng tr
tc

Mc nc
Tr di Tr di
Cc

y bin

t Cc

Mng
Hnh 1: Cu to cng trnh phong in bin

Cu to cng trnh phong in gm cc phn:

- Turbine: Gm cnh qut, phn thn rotor (Hub). ln ca cnh qut v cao t
hub ph thuc vo cng sut thit k, iu kin gi ti v tr xy dng. Cng sut pht in
cng ln th ng knh cnh qut v cao t turbine cng ln. V d turbine cng sut
4.5MW c ng knh cnh qut D=112m, turbine 5MW D=126m ..
- Kt cu tr trn: Phn kt cu ni gia Turbine vi phn tr di tnh t sn cng
tc. Kt cu tr trn thng l tr thp ng ng knh ln. Kt cu dng khung rng cng
c th c s dng.
- Kt cu tr di: L phn kt cu c tnh t sn cng tc n mng, tr di c
th coi l kt cu cng trnh bin loi nh. Ty su nc v cng sut thit k v iu
kin c th ti ni xy dng m la chn s dng kt cu b tng hay kt cu thp, kt cu
monopile, tripods hay jacket. nhng vng nc su c th s dng kt cu dng ni c
neo.
- Kt cu mng: C 3 loi mng chnh c s dng cho cng trnh phong in bin
l mng nng trng lc, mng cc v mng ging.
64 Hi ngh Khoa hc v Cng ngh Bin ton quc ln th V

- Cc b phn ph tr: Gi cp tu, cu thang, sn cng tc v sn bay l cc b phn

ph tr gn vi cng trnh phc v cng tc vn hnh, bo tr, bo dng, sa cha.

2. Gii thiu cc gii php kt cu cho phong in bin ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam:
2.1. Kt cu Monopile:
Monopile l kt cu dng n gin nht c p dng trong thc tin. Mt ng thp
va lm tr phn di va lm mng cc cho cng trnh. Tr trn v tr di c lin
kt trc tip bng hn hoc thng qua mt kt cu chuyn tip lin kt bng trm xi mng
cng cao. cng ca ng thp cng nh su ca cc phi c thit k cng
chu ti trng ngang ca cng trnh. ng thp c ng knh c th n 6m hoc ln
hn v dy n 150mm. Monopile l kt cu c dng nhiu nht trong nhng vng
nc nng d<=30m. Khi chiu su nc tng nn vic kt cu monopile s i hi ng
knh v dy tr ln v s t hn cc kt cu khc
2.2. Kt cu Monopile c dy cng:
Hn ch ca monopile khi ra nc su s c khc phc bi cc dy cng. Kt cu
dy cng cng l mt phng n vi nhiu u im trong vic chu ti trng ng, nh
hn, d lp t hn v kinh t hn.
2.3 Kt cu Tripods:
Tripods c cu to nh hnh H3 di y, phn tr trn v cc kt cu thanh chng lin
kt vi mng to ra mt kt cu c cng ln hn dng Monopile. Lc ng v lc
ngang s truyn t phn tr trn qua cc thanh chng v xung mng. Vi kt cu n
gin, d thi cng, hnh dng hp l, c li v mt chu tc ng ca ti trng sng nn
Tripods cng l mt kt cu c s dng kh rng ri trn th gii hin nay, tripods c
th s dng vi su <=50m.
2.4. Kt cu dng jacket:
Kt cu dng thanh t hp thnh khung khng gian nh hnh di y l dng kt cu
truyn thng c s dng rt nhiu trong cng trnh du kh bin.
2.5. Kt cu trng lc:
Kt cu tr B tng mng trng lc cng c nhiu u im nh vt liu r, kh nng
chng n mn cao v c th t ni cng ang c s dng kh rng ri trn th gii.
Tiu ban Nng lng, K thut cng trnh, Vn ti v Cng ngh Bin 65

Hnh 3: kt cu Monopile, Monopile c dy cng, kt cu Tripods

2.6. Kt cu dng cng trnh ni:
Vi nhng vng nc su >50m th cc kt cu c nh i hi chi ph ln hn, khi
ngi ta c th s dng cc cng trnh ni c neo dng nh TLP, Semi-Sub, v Spar nh
hnh Hnh 4 sau:

Hnh 4: kt cu kiu Jacket, Kt cu trng lc, Kt cu ni c neo

3. Tnh ton thit k tr phong in bin
3.1. Tiu chun thit k trm phong in bin:
Hin nay mi tiu chun thit k cho cc trm phong in ch yu l p dng tiu chun
DnV DNV-OS-J101 (2004), Design of Offshore Wind Turbine Structures, DNV,
Denmark, 2004.
3.2. Ti trng tc ng ln cng trnh:
Ti trng tc ng ln cng trnh gm cc ti trng, Ti trng bn thn cng trnh, Ti
trng gi, Ti trng Sng cng Dng chy, ti trng ng t .
66 Hi ngh Khoa hc v Cng ngh Bin ton quc ln th V

Ti trng gi tc ng ln phn cnh qut, Hub, v kt cu tr nh khi mt nc. Khi

tc gi vt qu 25m/s th h thng phi ngng hot ng, v vy khi tnh ton cn phi
chia thnh cc trng hp cc hn v cc trng hp vn hnh. Ti trng gi tc dng ln
phn cnh qut khi quay c xc nh bng l thuyt a hiu dng .
Ti trng sng v dng chy tc dng ln kt cu xc nh bng cng thc Morison
hoc l thuyt nhiu x, lu hin tng sng v trong vng nc nng.
3.3. Phng php tnh, m hnh tnh v phn mm tnh ton:
- Phng php tnh: S dng phng php phn t hu tnh cho cc bi ton ta tnh
hoc bi ton ng.
- M hnh tnh kt cu: kt cu c ri rc ha thnh h thanh lin kt vi nhau ti nt.
- M hnh cc v t: C th s dng cc m hnh sau: M hnh ngm gi nh, m hnh
cc tng ng hoc m hnh cc lm vic ng thi vi t m t bng cc ng cong
quan h gia phn lc ln cc v chuyn v ca t, P-Y, T-Z,Q-Z
- Phn mm tnh ton: Hin nay c nhiu phn mm tnh c cc cng trnh bin nh;
SAP2000, SACS, ANSYS, STAAD Pro,.
3.4. Mt s bi ton cn tnh ton kt cu di tc ng ca cc ti trng:
Kt cu cc trm phong in bin c mnh ln v vy hiu ng do cc ti trng ng
l ng k v vy nn tnh ton kt cu theo m hnh bi ton ng.
- Bi ton ng tin nh: Khi sng, gi c m t tin nh
- Bi ton ng ngu nhin: Khi sng, gi c m t ngu nhin
- Tnh ton kim tra bn ca kt cu phn tr v mng
- Tnh ton kim tra mi ti cc nt
- Tnh ton kim tra nn mng
- Tnh ton cc bi ton phc v thi cng trn b v ngoi bin
4. V d thit k mt trm phong in bin ti Vit Nam.
- S liu u vo: Cng sut thit k 3MW, di
cnh qut 45m t cao 73m so vi mt nc bin,
su nc 30m
- S liu kh tng hi vn: S liu gi theo cc
hng, chiu cao sng, chu k sng dng chy cc
pha. iu kin a tng, a cht.
- Gii php kt cu la chn: Kt cu Tripods mng cc.
- Kt qu thit k kt cu nh sau:
Tng chiu cao: 103m
Tr trn: 60m, D=5-3m, t=50mm
Tr di: 43m, D=5-3m, t=50mm
Cc thanh chng: D=1.4m, t=23mm
Cc: D=1.4m, t=20-50mm ng su su 50m.
- Kt qu tnh ton kim tra:
Dao ng ring T1=2.06sec Hnh 6: Turbine pht in 3MW
Lc u cc ln nht P= 845T
Tiu ban Nng lng, K thut cng trnh, Vn ti v Cng ngh Bin 67

5. Kt lun:
- Cc s liu thng k v sc gi v c tnh ca Worldbank nc ta cho thy tim
nng in gi Vit Nam c th t n 531GW/h, c bit cc vng bin, v o nh
Trng Sa, Vng Tu, Quy Nhn
- Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc c ngnh cng nghip du kh pht trin mnh,
cc c s v h tng, k thut, nhn s v kinh nghim rt y xy dng hu ht cc
loi kt cu nh nu trn, c bit l kt cu thp.
- p ng c nhu cu phc v pht trin ca t nc v bo v mi trng sng
th gii php pht in sc gi l gii php chin lc. Hin ti cc d n phong in trn
t lin nh Tuy Phong, Phng Mai Bnh Thun c trin khai, phong in bin c
nhiu u th v hiu qu pht in v gim nh hng nhim chc chn s l gii php
ca tng lai gn Vit Nam.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. BTM Consult ApS (2005) International Wind Energy Development, World Market
update 2004, Forecast 2005-2009 IC Christensens All 1, DK6950,Ringkbing, Denmark
2. Khn, M (2001) Dynamics and Design Optimisation of Offshore Wind Energy
Conversion Systems Institute for Wind Energy, Delft University of Technology,ISBN 90-
76468-07-9
3. DNV (2004) Design of offshore wind turbine structures Det Norske Veritas, DNV-OS-
J101
4. DS472 (1992) Code of practice for loads and safety of wind turbine constructions
Danish Society of Engineers and the Federation of Engineers
5. Tempel, J van der (2000) Lifetime Fatigue of an Offshore wind Turbine Support
Structure Section Offshore Technology & Section Wind Energy, Delft, University of
Technology