PROBLEM 14.1 of the flatcar when the cars are moving at constant speeds. ‘Car 4 of mass 1800 kg and car B of mass 1700 kg are at rest on a 20-Mg flatcar which is also at rest. Cars A and B then accelerate and quickly reach constant speeds relative to the flatcar of 2.35 m/s and 1.175 m/s, respectively, before decelerating to a stop at the opposite end of the flatcar. Neglecting friction and rolling resistance, determine the velocity SOLUTION ‘The masses are m, = 1800 kg, my = 1700 kg, and my = 20% 10° kg. Let vv, and vp be the sought after velocities in mis, positive to the right. Ve) = 0 Initial values: (ade =). Initial momentum of system: ma(va)y + ma (Yay + me (Ye)y = 0 ‘There are no horizontal external forces acting during the time period under consideration. Momentum is conserved. 0 = myvg + myvy + Mery 1800v, +1700v, + 20 10*vy = 0 ‘The relative velocities are given as Yap = V4 ~ Vp = 2.35 mis 1.117 mis Yer = Ya Ye Solving (1), (2), and (3) simultaneously, v4 =-2.085 mis, vp ~ 0.910 m’s, vp = 0.265 mis aw Q) @) vp = 0.265 mis—PROBLEM 14.2 Car 4 of mass 1800 kg and car B of mass 1700 kg are at rest on a flatcar which is also at rest. Cars A and B then accelerate and quickly reach constant speeds relative to the flatcar of 2.55 m/s and 2.50 mis, respectively, before decelerating to a stop at the opposite end of the flatcar. Knowing that the speed of the flatcar is 0.34 m/s when the cars are moving at constant speeds, determine the mass of the flatcar. Neglect friction and rolling resistance. SOLUTION ‘The masses are my = 1800 kg, my = 1700kg, and mp. Let the final velocities be v4,vg, and vp = 0.34 mis, positive to the right. Initial values: (ads = ado = (rly = 2 Initial momentum of system: ma(va)y + Ms ra)y + me (Yep ‘There are no horizontal external forces acting during the time period under consideration. Momentum is ‘conserved, 0 = myyg + mgr + mpvp Solving forme, ig = MMA MY a ‘ From the given relative velocities, y, 2.21mi Vp = Vp + Vay = 0.34 — 2.50 = -2.16 mis Substituting these values in (1), (1800)(-2.21) + (1700)(-216) 99 510 ag mp = 225Me4PROBLEM 14.3 ‘An airline employee tosses two suitcases, of weight 30 Ib and 40 Ib, respectively, onto a 50-Ib baggage carrier in rapid succession. Knowing that the carrer is initially at rest and that the employee imparts a 9-fUs Je) horizontal velocity to the 30-1 suitcase and a 6-f¥/s horizontal velocity to (PD) te Soci stitcase, determine the final velocity ofthe baggage carir it _ # & GZ the first suitcase tossed onto the carrier is (a) the 30-Ib suitcase, (8) the 40-Ib suitcase. SOLUTION ‘The weights are W,, = 30 Ib, Wy = 40 Ib, and W. = 0b. Initial velocities: (v), =9fs—, (vp), =6fS—-, and (ve), = 0. ‘There are no horizontal external forces acting during the impacts, and the baggage carrier is free to coast between the impacts. (a) Suitcase A is thrown first. Let ¥, be the common velocity of suitcase A and the carrier after the first impact and v, be the common velocity of the two suitcases and the carrier after the second impact. Initial momenta: bf A OO g g Suitcase A impacts cartier. Conservation of momentum: +e Walwady — G0)(9) Maey,), +0 = Mee, y= Malte . CY) _ 53750 8 g W,+We 80 Suitcase B impacts on suitease A and carrier. Conservation of momentum: Wet Woy Wet Wy +o, g g 7 “oat Malena Mcne (NC) (C37) eee ee West, +W 120 : % (6) Suitcase B is thrown first. Let v, be the common velocity of suitcase B and the carrier after the first impact and v, be the common velocity of all after the second impact. Suitease B impacts the carrier. Conserv. _ Walva)y + Wa + We)¥s _ (30)(9) + (90)(2.6667) _ y= 4.25 fUs vy =425fs— 4 W, +W, + 120PROBLEM 14.4 ‘An airline employee tosses two suitcases in rapid succession, with a horizontal velocity of 7.2 f/s, onto a 50-Ib baggage carrier which is initially at rest. (2) Knowing that the final velocity of the baggage carrier is 3.6 f/s and that the first suitcase the employee tosses onto the carrier has a weight of 30 Ib, determine the weight of the other suitcase. (b) What would be the final velocity of the carrier if the employee reversed the order in which he tosses the suitcases? _4t.== SOLUTION ‘The weights are W., = 30 1b, W, Initial velocities: (ado 72fs—, (ve), =0 Final velocity: vy = 3.6 (@) Conservation of momentum: W, Wa, We + Wy + v)y + 2E(v4), +0 = M4 yy « gle tae e (30)(7.2) + W7,(7.2) = (30 + Wy + $0)(3.6) Wy = 20.0104 (b) Equation (1) shows that the final velocity is independent of the order in which the suitcases are thrown. vy = 3.60 fsPROBLEM 14.5 A bullet is fired with a horizontal velocity of 500 mi through a 3-ke block 4 and becomes embedded in a 2.5-kg block B. Knowing that blocks A and B start moving with velocities of 3 m/s and 5 mv, respectively determine (a) the mass of the bullet, (b) its velocity as it travels from = block 4 to block B. SOLUTION ‘The masses are m forthe bullet and m, and my for the blocks. (a) The bullet passes through block 4 and embeds in block B. Momentum is conserved. Initial momentum: iy + m,(0) + m(0) = my Fin! moment: ee Equating, vg = Mv + mv + MaVy mine morn ON) 25)3) «545610 ee ‘Ye 500-5 m= BAe (b) The bullet passes through block 4. Momentum is conserved. Initial momentum: avy + m4(0) Final momentum: my + mv Equating, any = my, + m4 (43.434 <10°)(500) -(3)3) “43434107 = 292.79 mis v, = 293ms— 4PROBLEM 14.6 ‘An 80-Mg railroad engine A coasting at 6.5 kmv/h strikes a 20-Mg flatear C carrying a 30-Mg load B which can slide along the floor of the car (44, = 0.25). Knowing that the car was at rest with its brakes released and that it automatically coupled with the engine upon impact, determine the velocity of the car (a) immediately after impact, (b) after the load has slid to a stop relative to the car. SOLUTION ‘The masses are the engine (me = 20% 10° kg) = 80 x 10° kg), the load (my = 30x 10° kg), and the flat car Initial velocities: (vj)p = 6:5kmvh = 1.80556m/s, (vp), = (v0), ‘No horizontal external forces act on the system during the impact and while the load is sliding relative to the flat car. Momentum is conserved. Initial momentum: ma(va)y + ma(0) + mc (0) = ma(va)y o (@ Let ¥’ be the common velocity of the engine and flat car immediately after impact. Assume that the impact takes place before the load has time to acquire velocity. ‘Momentum immediately after impact: img + mg(0) + mev! = (me-+me)v" @ Equating (1) and (2) and solving for v’, (30 x 10*)(1.80556) — v =520km/h — (b) Let vy be the common velocity of all three masses after the load has slid to a stop relative to the car. Corresponding momentum: impy + mgvy + mews = (my + my + me) vy @ ‘Equating (1) and (3) and solving for v,, (80 x 10")(1.80556) (0x10) ye maa 7 =a _ 111 mis my + Mg + me vy =4.00kamh — €PROBLEM 14.7 ‘Three identical cars are being unloaded from an automobile carrier. Cars B and C have just been unloaded and are at rest with their brakes off when car 4 leaves the unloading ramp with a velocity of 5.76 fs and hits car B, which hits car C. Car 4 then again hits car B. Knowing that the velocity of car B is 5.04 fs after the first collision, 0.630 f/s after the second collision, and 0.709 f¥/s after the third collision, determine (a) the final velocities of cars A and C, (6) the coefficient of restitution for each of the collisions. SOLUTION There are no horizontal forces acting. Horizontal momentum is conserved. @ Velocities. m (5.04) Ste (5.76) +0 = m(v,), + (5.04) (v4)y = 0.720 fis — Event 2—+3: Car B hits car C. m(5.04) ° va (6.686) (Ws ‘m(5.04) + 0 = m(0.630) + m(ve), (vc), = 441 fts— Event 3—-4: Car A hits car B again. me m (0.680) mee (0.709) Bie: Gia: Gia bea ‘m(0.720) + m(0.630) = m(v,), + m(0.709) (v4), = 0.641 fis — (©) Coefficients of restitution Bvent1—=2: 42 ee acd Event 2—=3: ey ) =| ("2 =e) | _ at 0.630 onoa : 29 Vrs) =(%c)g| 508-0PROBLEM 14.8 ‘Three identical cars are being unloaded from an automobile carrier. Cars B and C have just been unloaded and are at rest with their brakes off when car 4 leaves the unloading ramp with a velocity of 6.00 fi/s and hits car B, which hits car C. Car 4 then again hits car B. Knowing that the velocity of car 4 is 1.20 fs after its first collision with car B and 1.008 fUs after its second collision with car B and that the velocity of car C is 3.84 fs after it has been hit by car B, determine (a) the velocity of car B after each of the three collisions, (b) the coefficient of restitution for each of the collisions. ‘SOLUTION ‘There are no horizontal forces acting. Horizontal momentum is conserved. (@) Velocities. Event I—2: Car 4 hits ear B. mm (6.00) mm(6.00) + = ali + may (vp), = 4.80 fs — Event 2—+3: Car B hits car C. rm(Wa)e roles (3.4) Gia Gi: Geet Bea ‘m(480) +0 = m(vp), + m(3.84) 0.960 fs— Event 3—=4: Car 4 hits car B again, (b) Coefficients of restitution. Poett—2s ag = [EH Cah) a1 ons = 0600-4 Event 2-3: 43 = epi aoe e243 = 0.6004 Bre y= ah tal) et toee ese = 0600-4PROBLEM 14.9 expressed in m/s are, respectively, v, = 14i + 21j, y, ‘A system consists of three particles, 4, B, and C. We know that kg and me = 14 kg and that the velocities of the particles, =14i+21j, and Vo 2k. Determine the angular momentum Hy of the system about 0. SOLUTION Position vectors expressed in meters. 14 = 0.95418}, ty =18)+0.9k, re = 0.91 + 0.9K ‘Momentum of each particle expressed in kg-m’/s. mig = 281442}, myvy =-281+ 42h, move = ~A24- 28k ‘Angular momentum of the system about O expressed in kg-m7/s. Ho = 4% (mava) +9 * (V9) + Fe x (McVe) i gk) fi gk] [i Gk =|o9 18 0/+/0 18 09/+]o9 0 09 28 42 0| |2s a2 0| Jo 42 -28 -12.6k) + (-37.8 ~ 25.25 + 50.4ke) + (37.81 + 25.2) - 37.8k) = 01+ 0]+ 0k Hy = zer0.4PROBLEM 14.10 For the system of particles of Prob. 14.9, determine (a) the position vector F of the mass center G of the system, (b) the linear momentum ‘mv of the system, (c) the angular momentum Hof the system about G. Also verify that the answers to this problem and to Prob. 14.9 satisfy the ‘equation given in Prob. 14.28. SOLUTION (@) : EO +183) + (2)(L.8) + 0.9k) + (14)(0.91 + 0.9k)) = 0.81 + 0.4) + 0.8k (0.800 m)i + (0.400 m)j + (0.800 m)k o nit = mv + Mave + MX = (2)(14i + 21j) + (2)(-14i + 214) + (14)(~3§ - 2k) = 01 + 42) - 28k inv = (42.0 kg-mis)j ~ (28.0 kg-ms)k (©) Position vectors relative to the mass center G expressed in meters. = (0.94 + 1.8)) - (0.81 + 0.4j + 0.8k) O.li + 1.4) - 0.8K = (1.8) + 0.9k) ~ (0.81 + 0.4) + 0.8k) O81 + 1.4) + 0.1k (0.91 + 0.9k) - (0.81 + 0.4) + 0.8k) 0.11 - 0.4) + 0.1K ¥ * (mava) + ts * (move) + 16 *(meVe) iis eel ek =|o1 14 08] +|-08 14 0.1] +\01 -04 01 28 42 0} |-28 42 o| |o -42 -28 = (33.61 ~ 22.45 ~ 35k) + (4.21 ~ 2.8) + 5.6K) + (15.41 + 2.8) ~ 42k) Hg = (44.8kg-m"%)i ~ (22.4 kg-m"/) (33.6 kg-m*PROBLEM 14.10 CONTINUED From Problem 14.28, H, Fx nv +H ijk Hy =|08 04 08| + (44.81 - 22.4) - 33.6k) 0 42 -28| 44.81 + 22.4] + 33.6k) + (44.81 — 22.4] ~ 33.6k) i + 0} + 0k From Problem 14.9, angular momentum of the system about O expressed in kg-m”/s. Ho = #4 *(mava) +5 x (ave) + Fe *(™e¥c) ijk) fi go kl [i Gok =|09 18 0f+|0 18 09/+|09 0 09 28 42 0| [28 42 0| |o -42 -28) —12.6k) + (-37.8 ~ 25.2) + 50.4k) + (37.81 + 25.2) - 37.8k) + 0)+ OkPROBLEM 14,11 A system consists of three identical 19.32-Ib particles 4, B, and C. The velocities of the particles are, respectively, V, =v4h Vy =vgh and Vc = vck. Knowing that the angular momentum of the system about O, expressed in f-lb-s is Hy =—1.2k, determine (a) the velocities of the particles, (6) the angular momentum of the system about its mass center G. SOLUTION 1932 2 ‘The masses are my = mg = mc = 123 = 0.61b-s?/ft. = My = Me = o> = 06 Ibs". Position vectors (ft) = 3k, M+ +3k, re = ht 4 In units of f-Ib-s, Hg = ry x (myvg) + tp (mvp) +e x (move) ij ok ijk) fii k S/O) 20 aie) 22) 2s | alia 0 (0.6r,) 0} |(0.6y,) 0 0} [0 0 (0.6ve) = (-1.8vl) + (1.8yq] —1-2vgk) + (2.4y¢4 — 0.604) = (-1.8¥4 + 24ve)i + (1.8¥9 ~ 0.6v0) J + (-1.2¥p)k But, Hy is given as’—1.2k f-1b-s. Equating the two expressions for Hy and resolving into components, = 1.8y, +24y¢ = 0 a 1.89 ~0.6y = 0 ® ¢ =1.2¥y = 12 ® (a) Solving, vy = 4 fs v4 = (4.00 RS) j-¢ vy = 15 vp = (1.00084) ve = 3s Vo = (3.00 Rs)k Coordinates of mass center G in ft. mtg + my akg + pty + Mote my + Mg + MePROBLEM 14.11 CONTINUED Position vectors relative to the mass center inf. ik) — (I+ 2) + 2k) = 1-2) +k i +25 + 3k) — (1+ 2+ 2k) = +k (i+ 4) ~ (1+ 25 + 2k) = 2) - 2k myvg = (0.6)(44) = (2.41b-8)5 mg¥y = (0.6)(t) = (0.6 16-8) mec = (0.6)(3k) = (1.8 b-s)k © Hg = £4 (mav4) + Fax (maven) +e * (move) 24-4) x (2.4j) + (1+) x (0.61) + (2) = 2k) x (1.8K) i ~ 2.4k) + (0.69) + (3.64) = 1.24 + 0.6) - 2.4K Hg = (1.200 f-Ib-s)i + (0,600 f-Ib-s) j — (2.40 f-b-s)ke-PROBLEM 14.12 A system consists of three identical 19.32-Ib particles 4, B, and C. The velocities of the particles are, respectively, vy =v,h Vp = Vai, andVc = vek, and the magnitude of the linear momentum L of the system is 9 Ib-s. Knowing that Hg =H, where Hy is the angular ‘momentum of the system about its mass center G and Hy is the angular ‘momentum of the system about O, determine (a) the velocities of the particles, (b) the angular momentum of the system about O, SOLUTION Themanesae m= =me = 222 = 061s Position vectors (8: eG Coordinates of mass center G expressed in ft. gta + mpty + mete my + my +m )(3k) + (0.6)(24 + 2) + 3k) + (0.6)(i + 43) 18 =i+2j+2k Position vectors relative to the mass center expressed in ft. Hy = ry —F = (3k) ~ (1+ 2) + 2k) = 1-2) +k Wy = tp —F = (2h +2) + 3k) — (142) +.2k) =i +k He = re = (i+ 4j) ~ (1+ 25 + 2k) = 2) - 2k ‘Angular momenta Ho = 4x (mv4) + tp *(mava) +c x (mv) Hg =< (mava) +19 (mova) +42 x (meve) Subtracting, (r= 14) (ava) + (te 5) x Mave + (Fo — HE) MeV Fx (mava) +¥x(mavn) + x (mvc) Fx (myvy + meg + mice) = EXL Lis parallel to F. L=aF L-L=2-F 2 LO 3 g-spen GyPROBLEM 14.12 CONTINUED my ¢ + MyVy + MCV = (0.6)(vsi) + (0.6)(vp1) + (0.6)(vok) = 43(4 + 24 + 2k) (@) Resolve into components and solve for v,, vp, and vo. v4 = 108s v4 = (10.008s)i-< vp = Sifts Vp = (5.0088)i-< ve = 108s Ve = (10.00 s)k (®) Angular momentum about O expressed in ft-Ib-s. He = 14x (mvs) + (mova) + Fe x(meve) ijk to ojkl fig xk =|o 0 3/+| 2 23/414 0 0 (06r,) 0| (0.6%) 0 0} Jo 0 (0.6¢)| 1.80 4) + (1.8vp§ - L2vpk) + (2-4veH ~ 0.6 ye) 804 +24yc)i + (1.8vp ~ 0.6Vc)j + (-1.2vp)k 1 + 3) - 6 Hy = (6.00 f-1b-s)i + (3.00 f-Ib-s)j ~ (6.00 f-1b-s)k 4PROBLEM 14.13 A system consists of three particles 4, B, and C. We know that my =3 kg, my =2 kg, and mc = 4 kg and that the velocities of the particles expressed in m/s are, respectively, v4 = 4i + 2j+ 2k, vp =4i+34 and vo =~2i+4j+2k. Determine the angular ‘momentum Hy of the system about O. SOLUTION Linear momentum of each particle expressed inkg-m's. mv 4 = 12 + 6) + Ok Vp = 81+ 65 +16)+8k Position vectors, (meters): fy = 1214+24j)+3k, 1p = 3.61 Angular momentum about O, (kg-m7). H, 4% (ava) + 5% (mv) + Fe x (meve) ijk i jk ijk =/0 3 0) +/12 24 3) +/36 0 0 126 6 8 60 -8 16 8 = (81 — 36k) + (~181 + 24) - 12k) + (-28.8) + 57.6k) = Oi - 4.8) + 9.6k 4.80 kg-m?/s)j + (9.60 kg-m7/s) kPROBLEM 14.14 For the system of particles of Prob. 14.13, determine (a) the position vector F of the mass center G of the system, (b) the linear momentum mv of the system, (c) the angular momentum Hg, of the system about G. Also verify that he answers to this problem and to problem 14.13 satisfy the equation given in Prob. 14.28 SOLUTION Pe On vectors, (meters) ry 23h m= LQ+24j+3k, re = 3.61 (@) Mass center: (my + mg + mc 9F = (3)(34) + (2) (1.24 + 2.4) + 3k) + (4)(3.61) 1,866671 + 1.53333] + 0.66667k = gry + Mighty + McK (1.867 m)i + (1.533 m)j + (0.667 m)k-€ Linear momentum of each particle, (kg-m?/s). m4 = 12 + 6) + 6 81+ 6 -8i +16] + 8k msy, mee (®) Linear momentum of the system, (kg-mvs.) i = mv 4 + mpVq_ + meVe = 12k + 28) + 14k ‘nv = (12.00 kg-mis)i + (28.0 kg-ms)j + (14.00 kg-ms)k Position vectors relative to the mass center, (meters). 1.866671 + 1.46667) - 0.66667 ty = tp — F = -0.66667i + 0.86667) + 2.33333k Re = te ~ F = 1.73333 -11.53333) - 0.66667k tayoPROBLEM 14.14 CONTINUED (©) Angular momentum about G, (kg-m?/s). Hig = 1, X mv 4+ Fy X MyVy HHL X MeV i i k i j k = |+1,86667 1.46667 0.6667] + |-0.66667 0.86667 2.33333] 2 6 6 8 6 0 i i k + [1.73333 -1.53333. ~0,66667 38 16 8 = (12.81 + 3.2 - 28.8k) + (—141 + 18.6667) — 10.9333k) + (1.61 ~ 8.53334 + 15.4667K) = -2.81 + 13.3334 - 24.2667k Hg = -(280kg-m'A)t + (13.33 kg-m ~ (243kg-m’s)k 4 i i k 1,86667 1.53333 0.66667, a2 2 = (2.8 kg-m*/s)i - (18.1333 kg-m?/s) j + (33.8667 kg-m*/ Hg +Fx nv Angular momentum about O. (4.8kg-m?s)j + (9.6kg-m7/s)k Hy = 1, x(m¥ 4) +5 * (evs) + 1c *(mc¥c) ikl |i ikl |i ik =|o 3 o/+|12 24 3/+|36 0 0 1266] |8 6 o| |-8 168 = (181 - 36k) + (—181 + 24] - 12k) + (28.8) + 57.6k) (4.8kg-m7s)j + (9.6kg-m?4)k Note that Hy =H + Fx nvPROBLEM 14.15 ‘A. 500-kg space vehicle traveling with a velocity vp = (450 m/s)i passes through the origin O at r = 0. Explosive charges then separate the vehicle into three parts 4, B, and C of 300-kg, 150-kg, and 50-kg, respectively. Knowing that at ¢ = 4 ss, the positions of parts 4 and B are observed to be 4 (1200 m,-350 m,-600 m)and B (2500 m, 450 m, 900 m), determine the corresponding position of part C. Neglect the effect of gravity SOLUTION There are no extemal forces. The mass center moves as ifthe explosion had not occurred. ot = (4501)(4) = (1800 m)i (im, + mg + me)E = mara + mgky + mete AL (im, + my + me = mets ~ mats] Fl (500) (18008) -(300)(12001 ~ 350} 600%) ~(150)(2500% + 450) + 900k)] = 33001 + 750) + 900k 1 = (3300 m)i + (750m)j + (900m)kPROBLEM 14.16 A 20-kg projes ile is passing through the origin O with a velocity Vo = (60 m/s)i when it explodes into two fragments A and B, of 8-kg and 12-kg, respectively. Knowing that 2 later the position of fragment A is (120 m, -10 m, -20 m), determine the position of fragment B at the same instant, Assume a, = ~; 81 m/s and neglect air resistance. SOLUTION rhe mass center moves as if the projectile had not exploded. 12), \ (oa) -(ar = (aia) -[Loosnyy = (120 m)i - (19.62 m)j F (my + mg)F = mary + mate t= lle + mde mata) 1 . {gL (20)(1208 = 19.62)) ~ 8(1201 ~ 10j ~ 20k) | = 1204 ~ 26.033) + 13.333k (120.0m)i- (26.0m)j+(13.33m)k €PROBLEM 14.17 A small 3000-Ib airplane and a 6000-Ib helicopter flying at an altitude of 3600 ft are observed to collide directly above a tower located at O in a ‘wooded area. Four minutes earlier the helicopter had been sighted 5.5 mi ‘due west of the tower and the airplane 10 mi west and 7.5 mi north of the tower. As a result of the collision the helicopter was split into two pieces, * Hy andH,, weighing 2000 Ib and 4000 Ib, respectively; the airplane remained in one piece as it fell to the ground. Knowing that the two fragments of the helicopter were located at points H, (1500 ft, -300 ft) and_H, (1800 ft, -1500 ft), respectively, and assuming that all pieces hit the ground at the same time, determine the coordinates of the point A where the wreckage of the airplane will be found. SOLUTION Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical. Velocities before col Helicoptor: Airplane: Mass center: ma tindel ate {ead +[00, | my + my (Set Jays + 2000 (220i -165)) ‘9000 = (154 fvs)i~ (55 5)j No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center after impact: Time of fall. 14.9538PROBLEM 14.17 CONTINUED F = (154)(14.953)i ~(55)(14:953) = (2302.8 Ai — (822.42.8)} (rm + ma) = (mar), (Pir), + (mar )a (Fa + ata 112 ellen + madF— Cou lta), ~ (medals) “og (9000) (2302.8 — 822.424) ~ (2000)(15004 — 3004) ~ (4000)(1800% - 15003) ] = (3510 ft)i - (267 fj Coordinates of point 4:(3510 8, ~267 ft)PROBLEM 14.18 In Problem 14.17, knowing that the wreckage of the small airplane was found at 4 (3600 ft, 240 ft) and the 2000-Ib fragment of the helicopter at point H, (1200 ft, ~600 ft), and assuming that all pieces hit the ground at the same time, determine the coordinates of the point H where the ‘other fragment of the helicopter will be found. SOLUTION Choose x axis pointing east, y axis north, and z axis vertical. Velocities before collision: Helicoptor: Apple: _ 7S mi 5280 Ami __ [0], = —“4min 60simin = 1° +7 + Mass center: rag OE {o0,]i+[e0, Li} (SB )eam + B20 ~ 1653) = (154 Ris)i - (55 fU)j ‘No external forces act during impact. Assume that only gravity acts after the impact. Motion of mass center after impact: F wa +o — Let )h = 154 — 551+ (3600-161) 3600 16.1 F = (154)(14.953)i - (55)(14.953)j = (2302.8 A)i ~ (822.42 A)j Time of fall. 1 = 149538 (ry + ma)E = (my) (tu), + (maou a + ata (w= [loa + ma) mate (oma) (0) ] (mm), = “Fug (9000) (2302.8 - 822.42)) ~ (3000)(3600% + 240j) ~ (2000)(1200% ~ 600j)) = (1881 8)i-(1730)j Coordinates of point H,:(1881 ft, -1730 ft)PROBLEM 14.19 Car A was at rest 9.28 m south of the rear by car B, which was traveling north ata speed vp. Car C, which was ‘traveling west at a speed vc, was 40 m east of point O at the time of the collision. Cars A and B stuck together and, because the pavement was covered with ice, they slid into the intersection and were struck by car C which had not changed its speed. Measurements based on a photograph taken from a traffic helicopter shortly after the second collision indicated that the positions of the cars, expressed in meters, were ry = 10.11 + 16.9}, ty = -10.li + 20.4), and re = ~19.8i - 15.2). Knowing that the masses of cars 4, B, and C are, respectively, 1400 kg, 1800 kg, and 1600 kg, solve the problems indicated, Knowing that v-~ 72 km/h, determine the initial speed of car B and the time elapsed between the first collision and the time the photograph was taken. SOLUTION Mass center at time of first collision. (my + my + me 48005 ia(Fa), + ma (Fa), + mele), 400)(-9.28}) + (1800)(~12.83) + (1600)(40i) 3.3333 m)i - (7.5067 m)j 5 Mass center at time of photo. (my my + me 4800 1a(F4)s + ™a(Fa)s + me(Ke)s 1400)(-10.11 + 16.9) + (1800)(-~10.1i + 20.4j) +(1600)(-~19.8 ~ 15.23) (13.3333 m)i + (7.5125 m)j Since no extemal horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved, and the mass center moves at constant velocity. (mg + mg + mc)¥ = malva), + ma Ya), + mL), a) R- Q) Combining (1) and (2), (my +mg + me) =[m (v4), + ma(va), + me(ve) ]¢ (4800)(-26.66671 + 15.0192j) = [0 + (1800)(vg),§ + (1600)(~201) } ‘Components. = 128000 = -32000r 00s J: 72092 = 1800 vgr vy (72092) _ _ i901 vy =10.01ms-4 (1800)(4.00) ~PROBLEM 14.20 Car A was at rest 9.28 m south of the point O when it was struck in the rear by car B, which was traveling north at a speed vp. Car C, which was traveling west ata speed vc, was 40 m east of point O at the time of the collision. Cars 4 and B stuck together and, because the pavement was covered with ice, they slid into the intersection and were struck by car C which had not changed its speed. Measurements based on a photograph taken from a traffic helicopter shorty after the second collision indicated that the positions of the cars, expressed in meters, were r, = -10.li + 16.9}, ry = -10.1i + 20.4), and ¥,. = -19.8i - 15.2}. Knowing that the masses of cars 4, B, and C are, respectively, 1400 kg, 1800 kg, and 1600 kg, solve the problems indicated. Knowing that the time elapsed between the first collision and the time the photograph was taken was 3.4 s, determine the initial speeds of cars B and C. SOLUTION Mass center at time of first collision. (m4 + mp + me 4800 F Mass center at time of photo. (m4 + my + me 48005 DR = malta), + a(F5), + c(t), 400)(-~9.28)) + (1800)(~12.83) + (1600)(40i) = (13.3333 m)i ~ (7.5067 m)j Vi = mats), + ma (Fe), + me(K), (1400)(-10.11 + 16.9) + (1800)(-"10.18 + 20.49) + (1600)(~19.8i ~ 15.2)) j = ~(13.3333 m)i + (7.5125 m)j ‘Since no extemal horizontal forces act, momentum is conserved and the mass center moves at constant velocity. yt my + Combining (1) and (2), imc )¥ = ma(v4), + a(n), + mc(Ve), a @ (m4 + mg + me) — 5) =[mav4), + ma(¥n), + mc(¥e),]# (4800)(-26.66674 + 15.0192j) = [0 + (1800)(vp), § ~ (1600)(ve),1](3.4)PROBLEM 14.20 CONTINUED Components. 72092 = 6120(vq),, (vp), = 11.78 mis, Vp = 42.4 kmh i ~128000 = -5440(ve),, (ve), = 23.53 ms, Yo = 84.7 kmhPROBLEM 14.21 In a game of pool, ball 4 is traveling with a velocity vy when it strikes balls B and C which are at rest and aligned as shown. Knowing that after the collision the three balls move in the directions indicated and that vp =4 mis and ve = 2.1 mvs, determine the magnitude of the velocity of (a) ball 4, (6) ball B. SOLUTION Velocity vectors: ¥y = vp (c0830% + sin30%j) v4= v4(sin7.4% + cos7.4°j) Vp = vg (sin 49.3% ~ c0849.3°3) Ve= ve(cos45% + sin45°j) Conservation of momentum: My 4+ MGV + MVE Divide by m, = mg = me and substitute data. 4(cos30% + sin30%)) = v, (sin7.4% + c087.4%j) + vp (sin49.34% ~ 0549.37 + 2.1(cos45% + sin4s*}) Resolve into components and rearrange. & (sin 74°)v, + (sin49.3°) vp # (cos7.4°)v, ~ (cos49.3°) vp = 4sin30 ~ 2.1sin 45° }c0s30" ~ 2.1e0s45° Solving simultaneously, @ v4 = 201 mis 4 ny vp = 2.27 misPROBLEM 14.22 In a game of pool, ball A is traveling with a velocity vp when it strikes balls B and C which are at rest and aligned as shown. Knowing that after the collision the three balls move in the directions indicated and that vy =4 m/s and ve = 2.1 m/s, determine the magnitude of the velocity cof (a) ball 4, (b) ball B. ‘SOLUTION Mccss Denon Vo= vp (cos 45% + sin 4s" v= v4 (sin 434 + £0843%) p= vp(sin37.4°% — c0837.4°j) Vo= ve (c0830% + sin30"j) Conservation of momentum: Ny = MV + MV + MVC Divide by m, = my = mc and substitute data. 4(cos 45% + sin 4S*j) = v,(sin4.3% + cos4.3°}) + vq (sin37.4°4 ~ cos37.4°)) + 2.1(cos30% + sin30°}) Resolve into components and rearrange. & (sin4.3°)v, + (sin37.4°)vp = 4e0845° — 2.160830 i (cos4.3°)v, — (c0s37.4°)vy = 43in 45° — 2.18in30° Solving simultaneously, @ v4 = 2.83 mis 1313ms4 () yPROBLEM 14.23 A 6-lb game bird flying due east 45 ft above the ground with a velocity vp =(30fts)i is hit by a 20z arrow with a velocity 180 ft/s) j + (240 f/s)k, where j is directed upward. Determine the position of the point P where the bird will hit the ground, relative to the point O located directly under the point of impact. SOLUTION Weight of arrow: W, = 202 = 0.125 1b. Weight of bird: Wy = 6b Conservation of momentum: Let ¥ be velocity immediately after impact. Bay, 4 May, = Ma* We g g g = Miva, Wavy (0:125)(180j + 240K.) + (6)(30) W,+W, Wy +H, 6.125 = 29,3881 + 3.6735] + 4.8980 Vertical motion vem e(y)e- | 0 = 454367351 3(322)? or? 0.228171 ~2.7950 = 0 Solving for Horizontal motion: x = (29.388) (1.7898) = 52.6.8 y= (4.8980)(1.7898) = 8.77 8 tp = (S2.6R)i+(8778)i¢PROBLEM 14.24 ‘Two spheres, each of mass m, can slide freely on a frictionless, horizontal surface. Sphere A is moving at a speed vy = 16 fs when it strikes sphere B which is at rest and the impact causes sphere B to break into two pieces, each of mass m/2. Knowing that 0.7 s after the collision one piece reaches point C and 0.9 s after the collision the other piece reaches point D, determine (a) the velocity of sphere A after the collision, (6) the angle @ and the speeds of the two pieces after the collision. SOLUTION Velocities of pieces C and D after impact and fracture. (%), + (ve), = 9tan30° fs (%), = (vp), = Ttand fs ‘Assume that during the impact the impulse between spheres 4 and B is directed along the x axis. Then, the _y component of momentum of sphere A is conserved. o= (a), ‘Conservation of momentum of system: Bet yyy +mg(0) = mv + me(Ve), + ™o(%b), (16) +0 = mi, + 50) +30) @ +f: ma(0) + ma(0) = ma(via), + me(%e), + mo(¥D), m yo) — 040-04 (otan30") -2(71and) © tang = 2 tan30° = 0.7423 0 = 36.64 ve = lve) + Ge), = Yl)? + (9tan30") ve = 1039 80s € vp = lve) + oye = (7) + (710366) vp = 8.726PROBLEM 14.25 ‘An 18-Ib shell moving with a velocity vp = (60 fv/s)i ~ (45 fUs)j— (1800 fVs)k explodes at point D into three fragments 4, B, and C ing, respectively, 8 Ib, 6 Ib, and 4 Ib. Knowing that the fragments hit the vertical wall at the points indicated, determine the speed of each fragment immediately after the explosion. SOLUTION Position vectors (ft): tp = 18k ry = TSE typ =-T.5-18K yp = 19.5 fy = 18149) typ =181+95-18k rp = 27 Fe = 1355 Foy = -13.54- 18K op = 225 1 Int vectors: Along typ, hy = >= (-7.5i- 18k) Unit vect Ng Fy. at ) Pe ee pile +9} -18k) Along rep 1 sgt3.5i- 18k) ‘Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the explosition have the directions of the unit vectors. Va=Vihy Ve =Vehp Ve = Vac Conservation of momentum: vy = myV 4 + myVp + MCV 1g ay 6(y , 4 18 (601 454 - 18008) = 2(%4.)(-7.51 18x) + £(%)184 +99 -19K) + 4(%_\-13.55- 15 (60-45) 18008) 5(z4) si - 18k) nea 9j vw) 4( 36) 13.5) -18k) ‘Multiply by g and resolve into components. 1080 -810 = 32400 y, 4 = 119.944 Solving, 7s Xb = 76,635 vp = 2070 fs 27 Zc = 95.160 Ve = 2140 fis 4 25PROBLEM 14.26 ‘An. 18-1b shell moving with a velocity vy = (60 f¥s)i-(45 fs) j (1800 f/s)k explodes at point D into three fragments 4, B, and C weighing, respectively, 6 Ib, 4 Ib, and 8 Ib. Knowing that the fragments hit the vertical wall at the points indicated, determine the speed of each fragment immediately after the explosion. SOLUTION Position vectors (ft): ty = 18k Fy = A751 tgp = TSI 18K gy = 195 Fp =1814 95 ty =18+9)—18K yp) =27 Fe=-I35) top =-13S§- 18k Moy = 225 Unit vectors: ‘Along typ, Ay = we Si - 18k) Along typ, Ay = (tsi + 9) ~ 18k) 1 . Along Foor he = 5y5(-13.55~ 18K) ‘Assume that elevation changes due to gravity may be neglected. Then, the velocity vectors after the explosition have the directions ofthe unit vectors. yv, Aa Ya=Yehgp Vo = Vche Conservation of momentum: Vo = MV 4 + MV + MeV 6 18 (604 — 454 - 1800k) = 2{ € 8 ise si 18) + 4{ 34a +95 - 18k) + ‘Multiply by g and resolve into components. ogo = —45 oi) +7(22) 93)* 27 : (13-194) “810 36( 32) _ 103( 355) 27) '\a05 0 = -10s( 2) of 22) - (25) 195)” a7)" aos Solving, v4 = 3150 fs: solving, 195 < = H15.820 Vy = 3130 fs C= 46.106 Vc = 1037 fus 4PROBLEM 14.27 In a scattering experiment, an alpha particle 4 is projected with the velocity uy = (600 m/s)i + (750 mvs)j — (800 m/s)k into a stream of ‘oxygen nuclei with a common velocity vp = (600 m/s). After colliding successively with nuclei B and C, particle is observed to move along the path defined by the points 4 (280, 240, 120) and 4, (360, 320, 160), while nuclei B and C are observed to move along paths defined, respectively, by B,(147,220,130) and B,(114,290,120), and by (240, 232,90) and C,(240, 280, 75). All paths are along straight lines and all coordinates are expressed in millimeters. Knowing that the ‘mass of an oxygen nucleus is four times that of an alpha particle, determine the speed of each of the three particles after the collisions. SOLUTION Position vectors (mm): 801+ 80j+ 40k (4,4,) = 120 331+ 70j-10k —(B,B,) = 78.032 48) — 15k (ce Unit vectors: Along 4.4, 2g Along BB, Ag Along CG.Cr, he = 50.289 0.666671 + 0.66667) + 0.33333k 0.422901 + 0.89707j - 0.12815k 954485 - 0.29828 ‘Velocity vectors after the collisions: vi=VA{ Ys=¥py Ve.= Vdc muy + Amv + Amv, = mv, + dmvy + dmv Divide by m and substitute data, (600% + 750j - 800k) + 2400j + 2400) rh + Avphy + Ache Resolving into components, i: ~ 600 = 0.66667y, ~ 1.69160vp J: 5550 = 0.66667v, + 3.58828vp + 3.81792. I: ~ 800 = 0.33333y4 ~ 0.51260yp ~ 1.19312¥¢ Solving the three equations simultaneously, v4 =919.26ms, vp = 716.98m/s, vo = 619.30 m/s v4 = 919 mis vy = 717 mis ve = 619 misPROBLEM 14.28 Derive the relation Ho = between the angular momenta Hy and Hy defined in Eqs (14.7) and (14.24), respectively. The vectors F and ¥ define, respectively, the position and velocity of the mass center G of the system of particles relative to the newtonian frame of reference Oxyz, and m represents the total mass of the system, xm +H SOLUTION From Eq. (14.7), Hy = EG xmy,) = E[@ +e) xmm] =Fx Emm Ei my,) =F xni¥+ HyPROBLEM 14.29 Consider the frame of reference Ax’y’2' in translation with respect to the newtonian frame of reference Oxyz. We define the angular momentum Hi, of a system of » particles about A as the sum HY, = Serxmy, a of the moments about 4 of the momenta my} of the particles in their motion relative to the frame x'y2 Denoting by HL, the sum Hy = Daxmy; @) of the moments about 4 of the momenta mv; of the particles in their motion relative to the newtonian frame Oxy, show that Hy = H', at a given instant if, and only if, one of the following conditions is satisfied at that instant: (a) 4 has zero velocity with respect to the frame Oxyz, (6) A coincides with the mass center G of the system, (c) the velocity V4 relative to Oxyz is directed along the line 4G. SOLUTION This condition is satisfied if, @ v4=0 o OF=% or (©) vy is parallel to F - ry. = Em(n-e)ev4 +H m(F~4,)xv,+Hy =H if, and only if, m mney Point 4 has zero velocity. Point A coincides with the mass center. Velocity v, is directed along line AG.PROBLEM 14.30 Show that the relation 2M, = H',, where H', is defined by Eq. (1) of Prob. 14.29 and where EM, represents the sum of the moments about 4 of the extemal forces acting on the system of particles, is valid if, and only if, one of the following conditions is satisfied: (a) the frame Ax’y'z’ is itself 2 newtonian frame of reference, (8) A coincides with the mass center G, (c) the acceleration a, of A relative to Oxyz is directed along the line AG. SOLUTION From equation (1), Differentiate with respect to time, Elle eden —va)] + Elle -rs) mH ¥0)] heyy, and Hence, 0+ Sls) xmla,-a0)] Ls =n) -maa)] = E[la-n)<4]-Slmts -naom = M,~m( ~r)*a H, (if, and only if, ‘This condition is satisfied if (@) a4=0 The frame is newtonian. o OF=% Point A coincides with the mass center. or (©) ays parallel to F ~ ry. Acceleration a, is directed along line AG.