H THNG HI

1
 Mc tiu

Xc nh c cc dng tn tht nhit v gii

php TKNL trong l hi
Xc nh cc vn v gii php trong h
thng phn phi hi
Xc nh cc vn v gii php TKNL trong
s dng hi
Nhn din cc c hi tn dng nhit thi

2
 Ni dung

Tng quan v l hi cng nghip

TKNL l hi
H thng phn phi hi
Tn dng nhit thi

3
S H THNG HI TRONG CNG NGHIP
TNG QUAN V L HI

5
 Phn loi l hi

Theo nhin liu s dng

Theo b tr lp t
Theo kt cu (mc ch s dng hiu qu)
Cc phn loi khc (cng sut, thng s hi,)

6
 Cc loi l hi theo kt cu

L hi ng l-ng la
L hi ng nc ng
L hi ng nc cong, c bao hi

7
L hi ng l-ng la

8
L hi ng nc ng

9
L hi ng nc c bao hi

T DU / KH T THAN

10
 La chn l hi
L hi t du, kh Cng sut nh v va
ng la t than, ciCh vn hnh 3 ca
HT s dng hi: thit b ln
L hi t du DO, kh Cng sut nh
ng nc Khng vn hnh 3 ca
ng HT s dng hi: nhiu thit b
nh, cn hi nhanh
L hi t mi loi Cng sut trung bnh v ln
ng nc nhin lin liu Ch vn hnh 3 ca
cong, c Rt ph hp HT s dng hi: thit b ln
bao hi cho nh/ liu rn cn p sut cao, hi qu nhit

11 11
 Thng s k thut ca l hi
p : ..

t : nu sn xut hi qu nhit

D : ..[kg/h; t/h;]
Dm : SLH ln nht m LH c th lm vic lu di
thng s (p, t) thit k
Dquy c : SLH sinh ra ti 100 oC nu nhit nc cp cng
l 100 oC
Dkt :SLH ng vi khi LH t hiu sut cao nht. Thng
Dkt = (0,8 0,9).Dm

12
 c im ca hi nc bo ho
Nhiet o nc soi va boc hi goi la nhiet o bao hoa, ts. mot
ap suat nhat nh th nc soi mot nhiet o ts tng ng.
Khi hi nc cap nhiet cho cong nghe p = const., th nhiet
o ngng tu cung khong oi ts => che o nhiet on nh.
NHIET AN (r, kJ/kg) : lng nhiet can cap cho 1kg nc soi
chuyen thanh hi bao hoa kho; va cung chnh la nhiet do 1kg hi
o nha ra khi ngng tu hoan toan

Ap suat (d), bar 0 1 2 3 4 6 8 10

Nhiet o, oC 100 120,4 133,7 143,6 152 165 175,4 184,1
Entanpi, kJ/kg 2675 2707 2725 2738 2749 2764 2774 2781
Nhiet an, kJ/kg 2257 2201 2163 2133 2108 2066 2030 2000
TKNL L HI

14
Qu trnh chuyn ha nng lng trong l hi

Qu trnh Qu trnh
chy trao i
nhit

Trong Qua vch

khng gian ng
bung t

15
 Hiu sut l hi
Cn bng nhit l hi
Qv = Qc ch + Cc tn tht
Qv = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6
Hiu sut nhit
t = Q1 / Qv = q1
= 100 (q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 + q6), %
Trong
Q1 = D(ih inc) Qv = BQth
16
 Cc lai tn tht trong l hi

q2 - Tn tht nhit do
q3 - Tn tht nhit do
q4 - Tn tht nhit do .
q5 - Tn tht do .

q6 - Tn tht nhit do

17
 Tn tht nhit do khi thi q2

Lng khi thi tng

..

Nhit khi thi (tth) cao

Lng nhin liu t

b mt truyn nhit
18
 Tn tht do chy khng hon ton v ha hc, q3

.
Nhit bung la ..
Ha trn .. liu khng u

19
 Tn tht do chy khng hon ton v c hc, q4

Do c than khng u. Ht nh: b lt; cc ln:

chy khng ti li than
Khe h ghi l ln hn c than ang dng
Ghi b cong vnh
Thi x c ln than ra khi B
Kiu ghi xch khng tng thch vi than
VN

20
nh gi ch t nhin liu

21
 H s khng kh tha
H s khng kh tha

= Vkk / Vokk

Cng thc xc nh vn hnh

vn hnh = 21/(21 O2)
vn hnh CO2max /CO2

22
Lng khng kh chy ti u
Nhin liu ti u

Du, kh 1,05 1,15

Than 1,3 1,5

Ci, tru 1,5 1,6

23
 My phn tch khi

% O2
ppm CO (tnh theo
phn triu)
% CO2
% hiu sut chy
Nhit khi thi
H s khng kh tha

24
 t du
Cht lng du vo bung t
Sy du FO n nhit cn thit tn
sng;
Tn sng du tht mn du d ho hi;
Ho trn du vi khng kh tht ng u.

25
 t than

Sy nhin liu
Thot cht bc v to cc
Chy cht bc v chy cc
To tro x (chy kit).

26
 S h thng nc l hi

Ngun Nc ngng Hi s
nc
dng

H thng
Bn cha Bm Ni hi
x l nc

Nc b sung Nc cp

X y

27
 Cc ch tiu cht lng nc
pH
cng, H
Nng tng cht rn ha tan (TDS)
Ch tiu khuyn co
Nc cp Nc l
pH 7,5 8,5 9 12
H 2,5 (mg CaCO3/l) -
TDS - 3000 (mg/l)
28
 S nguy hi ca cu cn

B dy lp Lng gim
..h s truyn cu cn - cng sut -
nhit cu D (%)
(mm)
. nhit khi
thi 0.2 1 1.5 2
.. nhin liu
1 1.5 4 8
cng sut l hi
. nhit vch ng 1,5 4 10 16

29
 Thit b x l nc l hi thng dng

Bm nh lng ha cht
Lm mm nc bng trao i Cation

30
 X l

Khng cho cu cn bm cng.

Kp thi x cu th cp v bn lng
di y l.
Gim nng TDS

31
 Lng nc x l hp l

Gx = D*(TDSc) / (TDSL TDSc)

Gx : Lng nc x, kg/h
D : Sn lng hi, kg/h
TDSc : Hm lng TDS trong nc cp
TDSL : Hm lng TDS trong nc l

32
 Tn sut x l hp l

Tn sut hp l: Phng php x l:

Theo loi l hi T ng
Ph ti l hi Bn t ng (dng
Cht lng nc b nh thi gian
cp X ton b vo cui
tun
S ln x l ti
thiu: theo Quy
phm l hi

33
H THNG PHN PHI HI

34
 Cc vn trong h thng
phn phi hi

Vic chn p sut vn hnh v st p trn

ng ng
X nc ngng ng
X kh trn ng ng
Gim tn tht nhit v mt mt mi cht

35
 p sut vn hnh
p sut hi u ngun = p sut lm vic +
st p trn ng ng (Khi cp hi trc tip,
khng c van gim p)
Nu p sut hi qa ln hn mc cn thit:
Tn nhit tng p trong ni hi
Tng tn tht nhit trn ng ng
Tng s r r hi
Nu p sut qu nh:
Nhiu m cun theo hi
Vn tc tng => st p ln
36 36
 Tc hi ca nc ngng ng

Lm (sc thy lc)

..mng nc ngng v gim s
truyn nhit. ..
lng hi

37
 Nguyn tc x nc ngng
ng
B tr ng cc v tr x
C bu gom nc ngng thch hp
S dng loi by hi ph hp
Chn la ng c by hi

38
 B tr im x nc ngng
Khong cch ca
nhng im x: 45
60 m
Ch thp/ chuyn
tip cao
Trc cc van
gim p / van iu
khin

39
 Cc loi by hi (cc ngng)

By c hc (kiu phao, ly p)
By nhit ng
By nhit tnh

40
 Cc loi by hi (steam trap,
cc ngng) thng dng
By c hc (kiu phao, ly p): sau thit b dng hi
By nhit ng (ng tin): trn ng ng hi,
bnh gp hi

41
 X kh trong ng ng

Tc hi ca kh Phng php x kh
Gim p sut ca hi Lp van x kh t
nc so vi mc ch ng cui ng hi
th trn ng h chnh
Gim kh nng truyn X trong bnh gp /
nhit phn phi hi
n mn kim loi X ngay trc ng
nhnh, hoc trc
thit b dng hi
42
 Cch nhit ng ng

Lai ng Tn tht (W/m) (t : 150oC)

ng trn C bo n
(50mm)

100 mm 770 115

150 mm 1250 170

200 mm 1440 195

43
 Lu v cc v tr cch nhit v cht lng bo n

V tr cn lu : cc van & ph kin ng

ng, nhng v tr cong kh bc
Gi cho vt liu cch nhit kh, khng b m
t

44
 R r trn ng ng

V tr thng gp:
L thng trn ng
Mt bch lng
By hi khng hat ng bnh thng
L thng 6 mm
p sut hi: 10 bar
S gi vn hnh: 2500h/nm
Lng r r: 120kg/h (900 tn/
nm)
45
TKNL cc h tiu th hi

46
 NHNG CHU Y THIET B S DUNG HI
Bao am be mat ong truyen nhiet khong b bam ban e truyen nhiet tot
Xa khong kh co lan trong hi nc
Tach am co trong hi e hi vao thiet b la hi kho
Khong e ong trao oi nhiet b ngap long: dung coc ngng phu hp
Cach nhiet ky lng, khong e lp cach nhiet b am hay h hong
Kiem soat t ong che o nhiet se giam tieu hao hi
Thu hoi toan bo nc ngng sach
Neu nc ngng b nhiem ban th tm cach thu hoi nhiet nc xa
ieu phoi che o van hanh cua cac thiet b trong he thong e phu tai hi
ong eu
Neu thiet b qua cu, tieu hao nhiet ln th phai tnh en giai phap thay
thiet b mi, tham ch thay oi sang cong nghe hien ai
47
TN DNG NHIT THI

48
 nh gi kh nng thu hi nhit thi

Cht
(u/ thng
Th xuyn)

(Nhit Nhu cu
cao)

Lng Thu
( lng hi? kinh t
nhit)

49
 nh hng ca phn thu hi nhit

- Tng tr lc ca h thng
- Bm bn thit b thu hi
- C th lm gin on hot ng ca
dy chuyn cng ngh

- Tit kim nhit lng

- Tn dng phn cht (nc
ngng)
50
 Tn dng nhit thi sn xut in

Nhiet thai t cong nghe co nhiet the cao (bec ot, lo nung, ).
Ap dung: N/m xi mang, luyen thep, thuy tinh, hoa chat.

51
 Tn dng nhit khi thi

to khi thi = 200 300 oC

Kh nng tn dng nhit khi thi v gim to

khi n nhit ng sng ca khi (tos )
Hm nc cp
(b Economizer ECO)
ng
Sy khng kh
dng
Sy du FO
52
Hm nc trc tip. t ECO sau l

53
Hm nc gin tip

54
 Thu hi nc ngng

Tn dng . Gim nhin

Nc ngng: liu t

Gim lng


Gim chi ph
vn hnh
. Gim lng

55
 Thu hi hi gin n

S DNG: - Cp nhit cho TB TN

- Hm nc cp ni hi

56
 Kt lun

TKNL -
HT hi

57
 Cc loi l hi theo kt cu

L hi ng l-ng la
L hi ng nc ng
L hi ng nc cong, c bao hi

58