Food Science

Neutralization Reaction of Acid & Base by

Using Titration

January 16, 2017

Namo, Sarisa, Keittivuti

Noey, Rujira, Laorujiralai
Toto, Bralee, Somyarak
Sand, Nataphan, Soontornworasate
 INTRODUCTION
Substances are separated into 3 categories which includes base, acid and
neutral. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. The substances with the pH of 0 to 7 is
considered an acid, 7 is neutral and 7 to 14 is a base. When acid and base comes in
contact with each other, it will create a chemical reaction which will result in salt and
water. The characteristics of acid are sour in taste, also, when it dissolves in water, it
will release hydrogen (+) or hydronium (H 3O+) into the solution, and it can change the
color of the food or flowers. On the other hand, the characteristics of base are bitter in
taste, and when it dissolves in water, it will release hydroxide ions (OH -) into the solution
and have a slippery soapy feel. However, we can make acidic and basic substances
neutral by neutralization. Neutralization is a chemical reaction when hydrogen ions that
is acid react with base basic solution which produce water molecules and salt.
("Neutralization", 2016) One way to do neutralization is titration, which is the most
efficient way to do this process. Titration is one of the most common methods which is
used in the laboratory to find the concentration of an acid or base by neutralizing them.
The purpose of this lab is to use titration to determine the concentration of acid.
In the experiment, there were two types of acids which are vinegar with higher
concentration and another one that is lower. This experiment demonstrates how much
Phenolphthalein, indicator which is a base that is added into acids to make them
neutral. When the base is added the acid will turn into pinkish purple then it will quickly
dissolve and disappear. However, when it is nearly neutral, the color will dissolve slower
and when it became neutral the color will be light pink. Then its tested again by using
the pH paper to determined the pH of the solution. The method that student use is the
most accurate one but it require a lot of patience. The experimenter observe that each
type of acid require different amount of base and the more concentration the base is the
slower it take to dissolve. Moreover only one drop can change the color of the acid from
light pink into dark pinkish-purple.

MATERIALS
2 burrets
4 of Erlenmeyer flasks
 An Acid: Vinegar ( Flask 1)
Phenolphthalein solution ( Both burets)
An Acid: Acetic Acid ( Flask 2)
Safety Goggles
Gloves
Lab coat
2 ring stand, with clamps to hold the buret
pH indicator
pH scale
 METHODS
1. Put on lab coat, gloves and safety goggles (to be worn throughout the whole
experiment).
2. Obtain one 50 ml buret on a ring stand that is filled with NaOH.
3. Obtain two erlenmeyer flasks filled with 15 ml different concentrations of vinegar.
4. As 3-5 drops of the indicator phenolphthalein to the vinegar, Place the flask under the
tip of the buret containing NaOH.
5. Slowly add the NaOH to the vinegar. A pink color appears where the base first contacts
the acid. Swirl the flask until the color disappears.
6. Add the base, drop by drop, while swirling after each drop until the base turns the
solution to a pale pink (not a bright pink) that doesnt disappear.
7. Record the volume of the base NaOH used from the buret.
8. Repeat procedure with the other three flasks.
9. Average for each concentration the amount of base required.
DATA TABLE & OBSERVATION

The Amount of NaOH Used to Different types of Acids

Causes Different pH Value

Type of Acids Amount of NaOH pH

Before / After Use of NaOH

Sample 1 50 mL 38 mL 12 mL 12.5
(Vinegar)
Sample 2 35.6 mL 28.5 mL 7.1 mL 9
(Acetic Acid)
Sample 1 56 mL 35.6 mL 14.4 mL 8
(Vinegar)
Sample 2 38 mL 24 mL 14 mL 8.5
(Acetic Acid)

Observation
Incipiently, when we start to add the base from the buret into the flask
of samples of acids and swirling it at the same time, the solution reacted to
the NaOH dropped into by turning great pink for a while then in a very short
length of time, the pink color suddenly dissolved out . Then by the time, the
solution starts to get more and more intense, the pink color showed up
appeared for a longer time. When the solution reached pH 7 or when it is
neutralized, the pink color reaction would no longer dissolve but instead, all
of the solution will turn into pale pink color as a sign that it is already a
neutral substance.
DISCUSSION SECTION
1. What was the function of the indicator in this experiment? How does it work?

Ans As reported by Hayek (2015) the function of the indicator in this experiment was
used to determine the neutralization by observing the color of solution when dropping
the indicator which is Phenolphthalein into the solution drop by drop. If it changes the
color from no color into pale pink then it means it has turned into a base.

2. Which sample of vinegar was more concentrated? Explain your answer.

Ans Sample 1 was more concentrated than sample 2 because it use more drop of
phenolphthalein to change the color from no color into pale pink.

3. If a neutralization reaction produces salt and water, write the chemical equation for your
experiment, and the name of the salt produced (You may have to research this).

Ans NaOH (aq) + HC2H3O2 (aq) NaC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O (l). In this experiment, the name
of salt produced is sodium acetate (sodium ethanoate).

4. What are some functions of the salt produced from the titration?

Ans The function of the salt produced from the titration which is sodium acetate or
sodium ethanoate is used as buffer.

5. The human body has a process for maintaining pH and regulating the amount of
acid and base present in the body. What is this process called and briefly explain some
of its functions and how it works.

Ans In accordance with Acid-Base Homeostasis (2016), it the process for maintaining
pH is called homeostasis. The pH of body depend on the amount of hydrogen ion and
carbon dioxide in our body. The ways to maintain pH and regulating acid and base in
 the body are controlling breathing to increase or decrease the amount of carbon dioxide
which the more carbon dioxide the more , bicarbonate buffer system in regulating blood
pH, and reducing hydrogen from body by urinate. A buffer is a solution that can resist
pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components. It is able to neutralize
small amounts of added acid or base, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively
stable.(Buffers, 2017)

CONCLUSION
Bringing up rear, Titration is the method that we used to determine the neutralization by
the solution that requires more drops of phenolphthalein indicator would contain either
less pH or become more acidic. By doing this experiment, we would now understand
clearly how Neutralization process works by using Titration method and also to see the
reaction of acids and bases before they were neutralized.
 REFERENCES

Your Bibliography: Neutralization. (2016). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved 20 January 2017, from
http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and_Bases/Acid%2F

%2FBase_Reactions/Neutralization

Hayek, A. (2015). Acid - Base Equilibria | Acid - Base Indicators.. YouTube. Retrieved 23 January 2017,
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JRjwYWNjng

Acidbase homeostasis. (2016). Wikipedia. Retrieved 22 January 2017, from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidbase_homeostasis
Buffers. (2017). Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved 21 January 2017, from
http://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Acids_and_Bases/Buffers
WORK LOG:

Name Job/Role
Bralee (Toto) Data Table & Observations
APA In-text Citations
Conclusion
Nataphan (Sand) Methods
Discussion Section
Conclusion
Sarisa (Namo) Introduction
Materials
Rujira (Noey) Title Page
Materials
Introduction