COUNCIL OF ENGINEERS

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR

DESIGN, INSTALLATION, INSPECTION AND
TESTING OF GROUNDING SYSTEM

xxxx-xx-xxxx 1
COE STANDARD xx-xxxx-xx-xxxx 2554
ISBN xxx-xxxx-xx-x

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, INSPECTION AND TESTING OF GROUNDING SYSTEM


CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DESIGN, INSTALLATION, INSPECTION AND
TESTING OF GROUNDING SYSTEM

xxxx-xx-xxxx 1
COE STANDARD xx-xxxx-xx-xxxx 2554
ISBN xxx-xxxx-xx-x






.. 2545



.. 2545



















(Code of Practice for Design, Installation, Inspection and Testing
of Grounding System)


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


1
1.1 1-1
1.2 1-1
1.3 1-1
1.4 1-1
2
2.1 2-1
2.2 2-3
2.3 2-5
2.4 2-8
2.5 2-10
2.6 2-14
2.7 2-16
2.8 2-16
3
3.1 3-1
3.2 3-1
3.3 3-1
3.4 3-9
3.5 3-9
3.6 3-11
3.7 3-15
3.8 3-19
3.9 3-20
3.10 3-21
3.11 3-22
3.12 3-27
3.13 3-30

4
4.1 4-1
4.2 4-1
4.3 4-1
4.4 4-5
4.5 4-6
4.6 4-9
4.7
4-11
4.8 4-14
5
5.1 5-1
5.2 5-1
5.3 5-1
5.4 5-3
5.5 5-7
5.6 5-7
6
6.1 6-1
6.2 6-1
6.3 6-1
6.4 6-1
6.5 6-2
6.6 6-9
6.7 6-9
7
7.1 7-1
7.2 7-1
7.3 7-1
7.4 7-2
7.5 7-4

7.6 7-4
7.7 7-4

-1
-1
-1


2.1 2-4
2.2 2-15
3.1 3-9
3.2 3-12
3.3 (IEC 3-28
60898 Type B)
3.4 (IEC 3-29
60898 Type C IEC 60947-2 Type C)
4.1 4-3
4.2 4-8
6.1 3 6-4
6.2 6-6
.1 -1
.2 -2


2.1 2-3
2.2 2-4
2.3 TN-S 2-6
2.4 TN-C 2-6
2.5 TN-C-S 2-6

2.6 TT 2-7
2.7 IT 2-7
2.8 50 1,000 2-9
2.9 2-11
2.10 2-12
2.11 2-13
2.12 2-14
2.13 2-15
2.14 2-17
3.1 3-2
3.2 3-4
3.3 3-4
3.4 3-6
3.5 3-8
3.6 3-10
3.7 3-10
3.8 3-13
3.9 3-14
3.10 3-14
3.11 3-18
3.12 3-19
3.13 3-19


3.14 3-20
3.15 3-21
3.16
3-21
3.17 3-23
3.18 3-24
3.19 3-24
3.20 3-25
3.21 3-26

3.22 3-26
3.23 TN-C-S 3-27
4.1 4-1
4.2 4-2
4.3 4-2
4.4 4-3
4.5 4-4
4.6 4-4
4.7 4-5
4.8 4-6
4.9 4-6
4.10 4-7
4.11 4-7
4.12 4-9
4.13 4-10
4.14 4-12
4.15 4-14
4.16 4-14
6.1 6-3
6.2 3 6-3
6.3 P2 6-4
6.4 Selective 6-5

6.5 Stakeless 6-5
6.6 2 6-6
6.7 6-8
6.8 6-8
7.1 7-5
7.2 7-5
 1

1.1

1.2


1,000

1.3

.. 2545 ( 1 .. 2551)



()

1.4
(Bonding)

1-1

 (Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter)
(Residual Current Device RCD)

(Enclosure)


(Grounded Conductor)

(Grounding Conductor)

(Equipment Grounding Conductor)

/
(Grounding Electrode Conductor)
/

(Effectively Grounded)


(Equipment)

(Service Equipment)


(Separately Derived System)


(Grounded)

1-2

 (Bonding Jumper)

(Circuit Bonding Jumper)

(Equipment Bonding Jumper)


(Main Bonding Jumper)
()

1-3

2.1



(fault)
6

2.1.1 (Equipment Grounding)

2.1.2 (System Grounding)

(overvoltage)

2-1

 2.1.3 (Temporary Grounding for

Safety in Maintenance Work)

2.1.4 (Electronic and Computer

Grounding)

2.1.5 (Lightning Protection Grounding)

2.1.6 (Static Grounding)

2-2

2.2
2.2.1
(electric shock)










2.1


1,000 100,000 {12}

2.1

2.1
2.1

2-3

 2.2






L
N

2.2

2.2.2

2.1 {12}

2.1

1
1- 3
10
( )

30 (
)
75 ( )
250 ( )
4
5

2-4

2.3



T
I

T

N

( ) (neutral, N) (protective
conductor, PE)
I
S
C ()

2.3.1 TN
TN
TN 3

2.3.1.1 TN-S (N, PE)
2.3
2.3.1.2 TN-C
(PEN) 2.4
2.3.1.3 TN-C-S
2.5

2-5

 TN-S
L1 L

L2
L3
N N
PE E PE

2.3 TN-S

2.4 TN-C

TN-C-S
L1 L

L2
L3
N PEN N

E PE

2.5 TN-C-S

2-6

 2.3.2 TT
TT
2.6

2.6 TT

2.3.3 IT
IT
2.7

2.7 IT

2-7

 TN-C-S

2.4

2.4.1

2.4.1.1 50
50
- 150
-
-

2.4.1.2 50



- 50 1,000

- 3 4
- 3 4

- 1 3 1 2
- 3 3
- 1,000


(separately derived systems)


2.8

2-8

 L L1
N N

L2
) 1 2 ) 1 3
L1
L2
N

L3
) 3 4
L1 L1
L2 L2

L3 L3
N


) 3 3 ) 3 4

2.8 50 1,000

2.4.2

2.4.2.1


2.4.2.2 (health care facilities)

3.8

2-9

 2.4.3

- 1 2
- 1 3
- 3 3
- 3 4

2.4.4

3
2.4.4.1 (solidly grounded)



2.4.4.2 (low impedance grounded)

(fault current)

2.4.4.3 (high impedance grounded)

2.5
2.5.1
2.9

2-10

 L1
L2
N
2 3
1
L3 2
1 3

4
4
5
2
5
1

2.9

2.5.1.1

2.5.1.2

/
2.9

2.5.1.3

2.4.3

2-11

 2.5.1.4

2.9

2.5.1.5

/


2.9

2.5.2

2.10

L1
L2
N ()

L3

2.10

2-12




1


1





2.11

2.11

2.12

2-13

 2.12

2.6

()


1
2.13

-

-

2-14

 2.13

2.2

2.2
(, m)


2 - 50 30
2 - 200 40
20 - 260 100
50 - 3000 200 ()
> 200 200
() 50 - 3000 1000 ()
100 - 8000 2000
( : = 1:3) 50 - 300 150
: = 1:5 400
: = 1:7 500
0.1 - 1 0.5
10,000 - 100,000 50,000

2-15

2.7



(resistance to ground)
5
25 1

2.8

(sensitive electronic equipment)

2

2.8.1

2.8.2

50 (
)
50
(signal reference grid) 0.6 x 0.6

(raised floor)

2-16

 2.8.3

(multiple grounding) 2.14 ()
(ground loop)

(central radial

grounding)

2.14 ()

2.14

2-17

 2.8.4

2.8.4.1
2.14 ()

2.8.4.2

2-18

3.1

3.2

3.3
3.3.1



3.3.1.1

3-1

 3.3.1.2

3.3.1.3

3.3.2
2
3.3.2.1


3.3.2.2
(ground rod) (concrete enclosed electrode)
(buried plate) (ring) (grid)
3.1

3.1

3-2

 3.3.3
3.3.3.1

3 16
(5/8 ) 2.4

3.3.3.2
(semi
- conducting medium) 30 20

50
(2 ) 6 (20 ) 12.7
25
6 (20 )


3.2

3-3

 3.2

3.3.3.3

0.18
6
1.5

3.3.3.4
6 (20 )
35
0.76 (2.5 ) 3.3

3.3

3-4

 3.3.3.5


0.15 (0.5 )

3.0-3.7 (10-12 )

(step voltage)

3.3.4

3.3.4.1
2.40 14.20 (0.560 )
15.87 (0.625 )

-
600
- 99.9% molecularly
bonded 250

- Jacket
Adherence Test Bending Test UL-467 (UL Standard for Safety
Grounding and Bonding Equipment)
- 85

3.3.4.2 0.18
6
1.50
3.3.4.3

3-5

 3.3.4.4
5
3.3.4.5

3.3.5



(common ground bus) 3.4

()

1 2 3

3.4

3.3.6

3-6

 3.3.7


3.3.7.1

3-1
4L
R= ln 1 (3-1)
2 L a
R
L
a

3.1 1 2.4 16
100
L = 2.4
16
a = = 8 = 0.008
2
= 100
4L
3.1 R = ln 1
2 L a
100 4 2.4
= ln 1
2 2.4 0.008
R = 40.38

3.3.7.2
0.5
3.5


3-2

3-7

 3.5

2L
R= ln 1 (3-2)
L a
R
L
a

3.2 30 20
100

L = 30
20
a = = 10 = 0.01
2
= 100
2L 100 2 30
3.2 R = ln 1 = ln 1
L a 30 0.01
R = 8.17
.

3.4
3.4.1

3-8

 3.4.2

3.1

3.1

() () () ()
35 10
35 50 16
50 95 25
95 185 35
185 300 50
300 500 70
500 95

3.5

3.5.1

3.6

3-9

 3.6

3.5.2


3.7

3.7

3-10

 3.5.3

3.5.3.1

3.5.3.2

3.1
3.1
12.5
1
3.1

3.5.3.3

3.2

3.6

3.6.1
3.6.1.1
AC, MI MC


3.6.1.2
10

3.6.2

3.6.2.1


3.2

3-11

 3.2

()
( ) ()
16 1.5
20 2.5
40 4
70 6
100 10
200 16
400 25
500 35
800 50
1,000 70
1,250 95
2,000 120
2,500 185
4,000 240
6,000 400

3.8
1
3.1 50
2
3.1 50
3
3.1 50
4 1
3.2 6

3-12


L 300 mm 2
N
3 7

400A 6 200A
50A 200A 16A 80A



2 5
1 10
8
9
4
L N
1 2

3.8

5
3.2 16
6
3.2 16
7
3.2 16
8
3.2 16
9
3.2 1.5
10 2
3.2 10

3.6.2.2

3.9

3-13

 3.9

3.10

3.10

3.6.2.3
20
3.2
1.0
3.6.2.4
3.2

3-14

3.7



3.7.1 /

1

2

8

3.7.2



- 2.4 1.5

-
-
- (metal-clad, metal-
sheath)

3.7.3


-
-
- -

-

3-15

 -
( )
-
-
-

3.7.4


-
-
-
-
1,000
-

3.7.5


-
- 150
1
2

3 2

-
-
-

- (hand-held motor-operated tools)

3-16

 -

-
2

-
-
-

-
-

-

-
-
1

50
2 2

3.11

3-17

 3.11

3.11




1 3.1

2 3.2

3 3.2

4 3.2

5 3.2

6 3.2

3-18

3.8

3.8.1

3.12

3.13

3-19

 3.12

3.13

3.8.2

3.1
3.8.3

3.9


3.14

3.14

3.15

3-20


()

2
1
3.15

3.16

()

1 2
3.16

3.10

3-21

3.11

3.11.1







( 1.50
)

3-22

 3.11.2
2
RCBO (residual current circuit breaker with overload
protection) RCCB (residual current circuit
breaker)


(Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker; ELCB, Ground
Fault Circuit Interrupter; GFCI Residual Current Device; RCD)

3.17

3.11.3
5 500
30, 100, 300 500
30
300
3.18 3.19

3-23

30 mA

RCD 30 mA

30 mA RCD
3.18

3.19

3.18 3.19

3-24

 3.11.4

(wye) 1,000



1

2
(ground fault protection)

3
(1) (Residual Sensing; RS)
IP (IP = I1+ I2+ I3)
(IN)
(IP = IN) (IP IN)
( IF)
3.20
N L3 L 2 L1

3.20

(2) (Source Ground Return; SGR)

(
) 3.21

3-25

 IF IF

N L3 L2 L1

3.21

(3) (Zero Sequence; ZS)

3.22
( )

IF
N L3 L2 L1

3.22

NEC 230.95
(maximum current setting) 2,000 (maximum time delay) 1
3,000

3-26

3.12 (Earth Fault Loop Impedance)

( )
3.23
(earth fault loop)

(Z )
(Z e1) 1
L

N (Z2 )
(Z e2)

3.23 TN-C-S

Zs ()
(


) 3.23 Zs = Ze1 + Ze2 + Z1 + Z2 Zs

3-27


3.2 (maximum
earth fault loop impedance)
Zs

U
Zs o (3-3)
Ia

Z s ()
U o
I a

Ia = 5 Type B
10 Type C
20 Type D

Z s 3.3 3.4

3.3
(IEC 60898 Type B) U o 230

() () ()
6 30 7.667
10 50 4.60
16 80 2.875
20 100 2.399
25 125 1.840
32 160 1.438
40 200 1.150

3-28

 3.3
(IEC 60898 Type B) U o 230 ()

() () ()
50 250 0.920
60 300 0.767
70 350 0.657
100 500 0.460
125 625 0.368

3.4
(IEC 60898 Type C IEC 60947-2 Type C) U o 230


() () ()
6 60 3.833
10 100 2.300
16 160 1.438
20 200 1.150
25 250 0.920
32 320 0.719
40 400 0.575
50 500 0.460
60 600 0.383
70 700 0.230
100 1,000 0.230
125 1,25 0.184

3-29

3.13

13.1.1
(
3.9)
13.1.2

5

13.1.3 ( )
2.2
3-1 1

4.1 ( 3.3)
13.1.4
3.1
13.1.5 3.5
13.1.6 3.2

13.1.7
3.11
13.1.8 1,000
3.11

3-30

4.1

4.2

4.3
4.3.1

16 (5/8 ) 2.4 4.1

45
0.75 (2.5 ) 4.2

4.1

4-1


-

-

- 30
-

0.75
45
L

4.2

1
4.3

()
4.1

4.3

4-2

 4.1
( 2.40 3 3 )

2 0.58
3 0.42
4 0.34
5 0.28
6 0.24
7 0.22
8 0.19
9 0.18
10 0.16

4.3.2

4.4 4.5

4.4

4.5 () 50 (2 )
6 (20 ) 12.7

4.6

4-3

 12.7 (0.5 )

6 (20 )
) 25

6 (20 )

25
)

4.5

4.5 () 25
6 (20 )

4.6

4-4

 4.3.3

0.18 6
1.5
4.7

4.7

4.3.4
6 (20
) 35 0.76 (2.5 )

4.3.5

4.4

4.4.1

4-5

4.5

4.5.1

(Exothermic Welding)


1
1 4.9

4.8

4.9

4-6

 4.10

4.11

4.2

4-7

 4.2

1

2




3

4.5.2

4.12

4-8

 4.12

4.6

4.6.1

4.6.1

4.6.2
4.6.3
(knockout)
4.6.4

4.13

4-9

 4.13

4.6.2

4.6.2.1


4.6.2.2

4.6.2.3

4.6.2.4

4-10

 4.6.3

4.6.4

4.7

4.7.1

4.7.2

4.7.3


4.14

4-11

 4.14

. 166-2549 . 2162-2547

4.7.4




(grounding screw)

4.7.5

4.7.6

4.7.6.1

4-12


220



600

4.7.6.2
4.7.6.3
600
-
220

- (dead-
front)
- (live-
front)
220

4.7.6.4
600
( )

4.7.6.5
4

4-13

4.8

4.15

4.15
(I = IL = IN)
(Ileak)
(IL IN)

4.16

4-14

 4.16
(I = IL = IN)
(Ileak)
IN
I

4-15

5.1

3
- (new installations)
- (existing facilities)
- (system modifications)

5.2

5.3
5.3.1

5-1


-

-




-

-


-
(
)

5.3.2


-


(ground pit) (
)
-



-

5-2

5.4

5.4.1


5.4.1.1





)

)


)

)
)

5.4.1.2

5-3

 ) ( )


)
()

)

)
)

5.4.1.3


)


)


)

)
)

5.4.2

5.4.2.1

)
-
( 3.5)
-

5-4

 )
-
-

-
-
-
-

-
-
)
- ( 3.6)
-
-
- ( 3.6)
-
-

5.4.2.2
)
( 3.1)
)
)
-

-
)
-
-
)
-

5-5

 -
)

5.4.2.3
) ( 3.3.3)
) ( 1 )
()
)

5.4.2.4
)
-

-

)
-
)
- ( 3.2)
)
)

5.4.2.5
)
( 3.2)
)
)
)

5-6

5.5

5.6

5-7

6.1

6.2

6.3
6.3.1 2
3
6.3.2
6.3.3

6.3.4 2

6.3.5

6.3.6

6.4

6-1

 6.4.1
6.4.2

6.4.3

- OFF
-

-
-
-
6.4.4

6.5

6.5.1

2
(Wenners method) 2.16
(electrode) 4 a b
R

4 aR
= 2a a (6-1)
1+
( a2 + 4b2 ) ( a2 + b2 )
a > 20b = 2 aR (6-2)

6-2

 6.1

6.5.2

IEEE std 81, IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity,
Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potential of a Ground System.
3 (The Three-point or Fall of Potential) 6.2

C1 P2
P2 62% C1 C2
3 6.1
3

C1 P1 P2 C2

62% 100%
C2
6.2 3

6-3

 6.1 3
P2 C2
() () ()
2 15 25
3 20 30
6 25 40
10 30 50

P2 C2

(C2)

6.3 P2

P2 62%
P2
6.3

6-4


Selective
3

6.4

6.4 Selective

Stakeless 2

6.5

6.5 Stakeless

6-5

 2

6.6

6.6 2

6.2

- -
-
-
-
Selective - -
-
-
-
Stakeless - -
-
2 - -

-

6-6

 6.5.2

6.5.3



-

-

6.5.4



1

6.5.4

6-7





6.7
( Ze) 6.8
( Zs)
3-3 3.4 3.5

Ze
N
L-E

6.7

6.8

6-8


1. 3.2
2. Z e Z s
3. Z s 3-3 Z s 3.3 3.4
4. Z e Z s


4.1 Z e >> Z s
4.2 Z e Z s

6.6

6.7

6-9

7.1


-
( )

-

-
-

7.2

7.3
7.3.1


(galvanic potential)

-
- -
-
- 3

7-1

7.3.2

-


-

7.3.3

-

- (
)
-

7.4
7.4.1

7.4.1.1 4
6
-

-

7-2

7.4.1.2 1
-
-
- 5 10

-

-
-
-
-

7.4.2
-
( )


-

-

-

7-3

7.5

7.5.1


7.5.2
7.5.3
-


-
-

7.6

7.7
7.7.1

3
(1)


(2) 30
22.5 7.1

7-4

 7.1

(3) 10 15
7.2

7.2

7.7.2

3
(1)

(2)

(3)

7-5

.1

R=

2 a
a
4L
R= ln 1
2 L a
L, a

2 (s > L) R=
4L
1 +
L2 2 L4
ln 1 2 + 4 ...
4 L a 4 s 3s 5s
L, a, s
2 (s < L) 4L 4L s s2 s4
R= ln + ln 2 + + ...
L, a, s 4 L a 2 4
s 2 L 16 L 512 L

R=
4L
+ ln
4L
2+
s

s2
+
s4
ln ...
4 L a s 2 L 16 L 512 L4
2
2L, s/2
2L 2L s s2 s4
R= ln + ln 0.2373 + 0.2146 + 0.1035 2 0.0424 4 ...
4 L a
L, s L L L

s/2
R=
2L
+ ln
2L s s2 s4
+ 1.071 0.209 + 0.238 2 0.054 4 ...
ln
6 L a s L L L
L,
s/2
R=
2L
ln + ln
2L
+ 2.912 1.071
s
+ 0.645
s2
0.145
s4
...

8 L a s L L2 L4
L,
s/2
2L 2L s s2 s4
R= ln + ln + 6.851 3.128 + 1.758 2 0.490 4 ...
12 L a
L, s L L L

s/2
R=
2L
+ ln
2L s s2 s4
+ 10.98 5.51 + 3.26 2 1.17 4 ...
ln
16 L a s L L L
L,
s/2

-1

 .1 ()

R=
8D
+ ln
4D
ln
2 D d 2
s

D,
d,
s/2
R=
4 L a ab
ln +
2
+ ln
4L
1 +
s

s2
+
s4
...



4 L a 2 ( a + b ) 2
s 2 L 16 L 2
512 L4
2L,
a x b, b < a/8,
s/2
R=

+
7 a 33 a
2 4

1 + ...
8a 4 s 12 s 2
40 s 4
a, s/2
R=

+
7 a 2
99 a 4

1 + + ...
8a 4 s 24 s 2
320 s 4

a, s/2

1 +

Rn = R 2 RS

n


R 1
S
m
n
.1

R = 40 ()
S = 2.4

-2

 = 100 m
n = 10
= 3.81 ( .1)
100 100
= = = 0.16
2 RS 2 3.142 40.38 2.4 608.99

1 + ( 3.81 0.16 )
Rn = 40
10
1 + 0.631
= 40
10
= 40 0.16
=7

.2

( n )
2 1.00
3 1.66
4 2.15
5 2.54
6 2.87
7 3.15
8 3.39
9 3.61
10 3.81

-3



)
______________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
______________________________ __________________________
______________________________________ ______________________________

[___ ___________] ________________
[___ ________ ] ___________

) ( )



(:
)

)
1)
1.1) - ____________________
- __________
1.2)



_________________________
2) 3.5, 3.6
2.1)
- - ____________________
- __________
-

_____________________
- ___________

-1

) ( )
2.2)
- - ____________________
- __________
-

_____________________
- ___________
3)
3.1)
- - ____________________ 3.5, 3.6
- __________
-

_____________________
- ___________

3.1)
- - ____________________ 3.5, 3.6
- __________
-

_____________________
- ___________
4)
- ___________
- ___________

)
1)
- - ____________________
- __________
-

_____________________
- ___________

-2

) ()
2)
-
- _______________
- _____


_______________

- ___________
3) 3.2
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______
- ________ - _______

4) 3.3, 3.4
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________
- ________ ___________

5)
- ___________
- ___________

-3

)
1) 3.3.3




_____________________
2) () 1 () 1 ()
2.1) 1





___________________

3) 5 > 5
____________

)
1) 3.1
- ____________________
- __________
2)


_______________
3)
3.1)

___________________
3.2)

___________________

-4

) ()
4)
()

___________________
5)
5.1) ___________

5.2) ___________
5.3) ___________
()
5.4) ___________
()
6) ___________

)
1) 3.2
- ____________________
- __________
2)

_________________________
3) ___________
4)
- ___________
- ___________

)
1) : _____________________________

2) 2 : _______________________________

3) : _____________________________

( 1-3 )
:

-5

_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________
___________________________________________
_________________

-6




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1, , .
[2] (2546), , , .
[3] ,
., , .
[4] (2548), , 2, , .
[5] (2548), ,
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[6] (2549), ,
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[7] (2546), , (-), .
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-2

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-3