Vizhinjam Port Fugrogeophysicalreport

FUGRO GEOTECH PVT. LTD.
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FOR VIZHINJAM DEEP WATER INTERNATIONAL TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL

KERALA OFFSHORE, WEST COAST OF INDIA
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FOR VIZHINJAN DEEP WATER INTERNATIONAL TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL
DOCUMENT ARRANGEMENT
VOLUME 1: REPORT ON SURVEY WITH CHARTS / DRAWINGS.
CONTENTS
Page
1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 1

1.1 General 1
1.2 Objective 1
1.3 Scope of Work & Specification 1
2. SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS 3

2.1 Bathymetry 3
2.2 Seabed Type and Features 3
2.3 Sonar Contacts 3
2.4 Shallow Geology 3
2.5 Magnetic Anomalies 4
2.6 Soil Samples 4
3. RESOURCES FOR SURVEY WORK 5

3.1 Personnel 5
3.2 Equipment 5
3.3 Survey Boat 6
3.4 Vessel Offset Diagram 6
4. SURVEY OPERATIONS 7
4.1 Mobilisation 7
4.2 Geodetic and Projection Parameters 8
4.3 Control of Survey 8
4.4 Calibration, Verification and Tests 9
4.5 Data Acquisition and Quality Control 13
4.6 Quality Assurance and HSE Procedures 15
4.7 Demobilisation 15
5. SURVEY DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION METHODS 16

5.1 Survey Data Processing 16
5.2 Data Interpretation Methods 18
6. RESULTS OF SURVEY 21
6.1 Bathymetry 21
6.2 Seabed Type and Features 21
6.3 Sonar Contacts 21
6.4 Pipelines / Cables 22
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page i

6.5 Shallow Geology 22

6.6 Magnetic Anomalies 24
6.7 Shallow Soil Samples 25
APPENDICES
A. DIARY OF EVENTS
B. ATG - OBSERVED TIDES
C. SAMPLES OF FIELD RECORDS FROM SURVEY SENSORS
D. SHALLOW SOIL SAMPLES
E. LIST OF DELIVERABLES
TABLES
Page
Table 1.1: Limits of Survey Area 1
Table 3.1: List of Survey Personnel 5
Table 3.2: List of Survey Equipment Mobilised for Survey Work 5
Table 4.1: Geodetic Parameters 8
Table 4.2: Results of Heading Sensor Alignment Check M/B Pearls 1 9
Table 4.3: Positioning System Verification Results M/B Pearls 1 9
Table 4.4: Results of SBES Bar Check M/B Pearls 1 10
Table 4.5: Results of MBES Calibaration 10
Table 4.6: GeoAcoustics 159 DF Side Scan Sonar Settings. 11
Table 4.8: Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer) Settings 12
Table 6.1: Sonar Contacts within the Survey Area 22
Table 6.2: Magnetic Anomalies within the Survey Area 24
FIGURES
LOCATION MAP i
Figure 4.1: Survey Equipment Setup and Configuration Diagram on board M/B 'Pearls-1 7
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page ii

ABBREVIATIONS
ATG Automatic Tide Gauge

BM Bench Mark
CD Chart Datum
CM Central Meridian
Ch Channel
CVT Calibration, Verification & Test
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DF Dual Frequency
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
DPR Daily Progress Report
FSINPVT Fugro Survey (India) Private Limited
FGPL Fugro Geotech Pvt. Ltd
GPS Global Positioning System
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
kHz Kilohertz
km kilometre
KP Kilometer Post
m metre
m/s metre per second
ms milliseconds
MP Multi Purpose
QA/QC Quality Assurance / Quality Control
QMS Quality Management System
Rel Release
Rev Revision
SBES Single Beam Echo Sounder
SBP Sub-bottom Profiler
SOI Survey of India
SoW Scope of Work
Sr Senior
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
UNITS
UTM grid coordinates and all linear measurements are expressed in metres [m].
Angular values are expressed in degrees ().
Time and dates are expressed as 18:00 on 25 March 2010.
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page iii

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
1.1 General
Vizhinjam International Seaport Ltd (CLIENT), intended to carry out geotechnical and geophysical
surveys for the development of deep water port near village Vizhinjam, Thiruvananthapuram in the
state of Kerala, South-West coast of India. The Client has awarded the survey contract to Fugro
Geotech Pvt. Ltd. (FGTL), who in turn subcontracted Fugro Survey (India) Pvt. Ltd. (FSINPVT),
Navi Mumbai, to carry out the geophysical part of the survey.
These survey services comprised of the provision of suitable vessel, personnel and equipment in
order to obtain, interpret and report on the survey data obtained within the survey area. Quality
control, processing and preliminary data interpretation was undertaken in the filed for ensuring that the
survey scope and specifications are fully complied with.
This report on survey describes the scope of work, methodologies adopted for collecting the data,
interpretation and reporting of the results obtained from the survey.
1.2 Objective
The basic objective of carrying out the geophysical survey within the Client specified areas was:
To obtain data on bathymetry, seabed topography and sub-seabed geology.

To acquire magnetometer data and to identify magnetic anomalies, if any.
To collect and analyse shallow soil samples from the designated locations.
To carry out tidal height observations for the entire tenure of survey.
1.3 Scope of Work & Specification

The survey work was conducted in accordance with the specifications and scope of work, supplied by
the Client and the standard survey procedures prepared by FSINPVT. The mutually agreed scope of
work was as follows:
The geophysical survey was carried out to cover the proposed locations of access channel, port
basin, breakwaters & revetments and the terminal areas of the Vizhinjam Port. The limits of
survey area, as supplied by Client, were as given below.
Table 1.1: Limits of Survey Area

Limits of Survey Area
Coordinates {WGS84 Datum; UTM Projection (CM 075E, Zone 43 N)}
Area Point ID
Easting (m) Northing (m)
1 719 585 926 611
2 718 601 925 519
Area 1
3 720 694 923 647
4 721 503 924 324
5 720 694 923 647
Area 2
6 721 224 924 090
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 1

Limits of Survey Area

Coordinates {WGS84 Datum; UTM Projection (CM 075E, Zone 43 N)}
Area Point ID
Easting (m) Northing (m)
7 722 885 922 220
8 722 577 921 963
Competent survey personnel, requisite survey equipment and a locally hired survey boat was
mobilised for the survey.
Geophysical survey of the above areas was carried out in grid pattern at 50 m grid spacing.
DGPS system, single beam & multi beam echo sounders, side scan sonar and sub-bottom
profiler (Pinger and Boomer systems) were deployed on all survey lines.
Geophysical survey was carried out only in areas with water depths greater than 4 m. Areas
with water depths less than 4m was surveyed up to the possible extent towards shore line,
utilising a locally hired small boat, deploying positioning system and single beam echo sounder.
Magnetometer survey of the areas given above was carried out in one direction, parallel to the
coast line, at 50 m line spacing. The nearest magnetometer survey line from the shore was at
water depths greater than 5 m.
An automatic tide gauge (ATG) will be installed at a suitable location close to the survey area
and levelled to the client supplied bench mark. The heights of tide was recorded at this ATG,
during the entire tenure of survey and these observed heights of tides were used to reduce the
raw water depths to Chart Datum.
Soil samples were collected from twenty (20) client supplied locations using Grab Sampler, and
the same were visually analysed in the field and correlated with the results obtained from
interpretation of side scan sonar records. Later, the collected soil samples were sent to a
reputed laboratory for sieve analysis.
All survey data acquired from the survey field was processed and quality checked at FSINPVT
office in Navi Mumbai.
Comprehensive Report and Charts on geophysical survey, including the results of laboratory
tests carried out on shallow soil samples, was submitted to the Client.

2. SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS
The section below contains the summary of the results of geophysical survey undertaken within the
Client supplied area. Refer to Section 6 of this report and the accompanying Charts for detailed
survey results.
2.1 Bathymetry
All raw water depths were reduced to Chart Datum using observed tides at Vizhinjam harbour.
The seabed within the survey area was gently sloping down towards south west.
No significant bathymetric undulations were recorded within the survey area except the uneven
seabed observed on the rock outcropping areas.
Water depths within the survey area were ranging between a minimum of 0.0 m and a maximum
of 22.5 m.
2.2 Seabed Type and Features

Three types of seabed reflectivity were observed on the side scan sonar records.
- Type 1: Low to medium reflective seabed (Clayey / Silty Fine SAND)
- Type 2: Medium reflective seabed (fine to medium SAND)
- Type 3: High reflective seabed (Rock Outcrops)
Type 1 and Type 2 sediments were predominant within the survey area.
Rock out crops (Type 3) was predominant in areas close to the shore line.
No other significant seabed features were identified within the survey area.
2.3 Sonar Contacts

Total five (5) hard contacts, all without any measurable height, were recorded within the survey
area. Maximum length and breath recorded for hard contact were 3 m and 1 m respectively.
2.4 Shallow Geology

The maximum acoustic signal penetration achieved within the survey area was approximate 40
m below seabed.
The order of super position of the sedimentary units within the survey area and its textural
characteristics interpreted were as follows.
- Loose to medium dense Silty SAND
- Medium dense SAND with Clay / Silt intercalations
- Very Dense Firm Sand
- Weathered Rock layer
Loose to medium dense Silty SAND unit was the topmost geological unit throughout the survey
area except in areas wherever rock out crops was recorded. Isopachs at 1 m interval, showing
the thickness of this unit, are depicted on the charts.
The weathered rock layer unit was overlain by the Sand unit throughout the survey area except
at the outcropping locations. Outcropping areas with details of the top of the weathered rock
layer, wherever traceable, are depicted on the charts.

Interpretative geological profiles along all the longitudinal survey lines are depicted on the
charts.
Isobath/depth in meters below seabed of base of medium dense Sand and top of rock at 1 m
interval for the survey area is given in isobath chart.
The shallow geology interpreted from geophysical records was correlated with the geotechnical
borehole data and results obtained are outlined in section 6.5.
2.5 Magnetic Anomalies

Total of thirty five (35) spots of magnetic anomalies, were identified within the survey area.
Three are possibly associated with the electricity generator installed close to the new
wharf/breakwater and eight are attributed to rock outcrops. The rest could not be correlated to
any specific source.
2.6 Soil Samples

Grab sampling was attempted at twenty (20) locations and the surficial samples were collected
from nineteen (19) locations, which were landed for laboratory test.
Onboard analysis of the soil samples were carried out and found that all samples were Sandy in
nature.
Details of the grab samples and laboratory test results are placed in Appendix D.

3. RESOURCES FOR SURVEY WORK
3.1 Personnel
Following FSINPVT personnel were associated with this project.
Table 3.1: List of Survey Personnel

Personnel Onboard M/B Pearls-1
Personnel Name Function
Avinash V / Manoj Thakare Party Chief
Aslam Ahmed Surveyor
Lawrson P L Geophysicist
Sumit Dixit Data Processor
Raj Kumar Sharma Electronics Engineer
Onshore Project Management and Data QC
Sudip Kr Roy Business Line Manager
Rajkalpa Medda Project Manager
RB Jayaraman Survey Manager
Avinash V Staff Geophysicist
K Srinivas QA/QC Charts
3.2 Equipment
Following equipment and systems were mobilised for the survey work. The equipment setup and
configuration diagram on the survey vessel is placed at Figure 4.1.
Table 3.2: List of Survey Equipment Mobilised for Survey Work

Equipment / System Description / Make / Model/Resolution /Accuracies
Software / Navigation Starfix.Seis V. 9.1 PC based data acquisition and survey vessel navigation package+
online printer
Positioning Fugro Satrfix.HP DGPS system with 12 channel Dual Frequency GPS System +
associated consumables and spares.
Differential correction signals were provided from Fugro worldwide network, including
signal from stations at Mumbai, Chennai & Kolkata.
Gyrocompass TSS Meridian Surveyor Gyro
Single beam Echo Odom Echotrac MK II system
Sounder (Odom Echotrac dual frequency echo sounder recorder+ Bar Check+ Dual Frequency
(33 / 210 kHz Transducer) and DMS 05 Motion Sensor
Multi beam Echo R2Sonic 2024 Multibeam Echo Sounder System + associated consumables and
Sounder spares.
Motion Sensor DMS 05
Sound Velocity Meter SV Plus v2 sound velocity meter
Side scan sonar GeoAcoustics Side Scan Sonar System
(SS941 Transreceiver + 159 DF towfish 100 / 410 kHz transducers + soft tow cable +
associated consumables & spares).
The side scan sonar data was logged digitally into a hard disk using Fugros GLog /
GPlot Digital Data Acquisition System
Sub-bottom Profiler GeoAcoustics 5430A Pinger system.
(Pinger) (Transceiver, 10 KW power + transducer set 3.5kHz-14kHz+50 m deck cable+
associated consumables & spares).

Equipment / System Description / Make / Model/Resolution /Accuracies

The sub-bottom profiler data was logged digitally into a hard disk using Fugros GLog /
Sub-bottom Profiler Applied Acoustic Engineering CSP -1500 Joules Power Source + Boomer Plate + Eight
(Boomer) elements Hydrophone + Power Supply Cable + associated consumables & spares.
The sub-bottom profiler data was logged digitally into a hard disk using Fugros GLog /
Geophysical Data Fugros GLOG / GPLOT digital data acquisition system + associated consumables &
Acquisition System spares
Magnetometer Marine Magnetics SeaSPY Marine Magnetometer system + associated consumables &
spares
Tidal observations Valeport 710 automatic tide gauge system + associated consumables & spares
Land Survey Electronic Total Station + Auto Level + associated consumables & spares
Soil Sampling Grab Sampler + associated consumables & spares
3.3 Survey Boat

Locally hired boat M/B Pearls 1 was utilised for carrying out the geophysical survey. Bathymetry
survey of the near shore area was performed from a locally hired small boat Zam Zam.
3.4 Vessel Offset Diagram

The location of the various survey sensors on the survey vessel is given in the vessel offset diagram
on the chart accompanying this report.

4. SURVEY OPERATIONS
4.1 Mobilisation
The survey equipment were mobilised onboard M/B Pearls 1 on 14 February 2011. The
magnetometer survey commenced on the 15th of February, 2011, and the geophysical survey
equipment were set up on board the survey vessel between 25 Feb and 28 Feb 2011. After testing /
calibration / verification of all survey equipment, the geophysical survey was commenced on
28 February 2011. Refer Appendix A for diary of events during the survey period. All survey
equipment were installed and configured as per Figure 4.1 given below.
GPS
GPS GPS 2
Geo PC
Network Switch
Processing
Nav PC
GLog/GPlot
Heave
Gyro Filter Box
Gyro
DMS-05
Side Scan Sonar GeoAcoustics Pinger

Transceiver
Echotrac MK II
MBES
CSP
Hydrophone
Winch
Transducer
SSS tow fish
R2 Sonic MBES Boomer
Transducer Sub-bottom Profiler Transducer
SeaSpy Magnetometer
Figure 4.1: Survey Equipment Setup and Configuration Diagram on board M/B 'Pearls-1

4.2 Geodetic and Projection Parameters

The survey was conducted in WGS84 Datum and the results plotted in Universal Transverse Mercator
(UTM) Projection. Details of Spheroid and Grid system used for this survey are as follows:
Table 4.1: Geodetic Parameters

Global Positioning System Geodetic Parameters 1)
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
Spheroid: World Geodetic System 1984
Semi major axis: a = 6 378 137.000 m
1
Inverse Flattening: /f = 298.257 223 563
2)
Local Datum Geodetic Parameters
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
Spheroid: World Geodetic System 1984
Semi major axis: a = 6 378 137.000 m
1
Inverse Flattening: /f = 298.257 223 563
Datum Transformation Parameters 3) from WGS84 to WGS84
Shift dX: 0.0 m Rotation rX: 0.000 arcsec Scale Factor: 0.0000 ppm
Shift dY: 0.0 m Rotation rY: 0.000 arcsec
Shift dZ: 0.0 m Rotation rZ: 0.000 arcsec
Local Projection and Grid Parameters 2)
Map Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator
Grid System: UTM Zone 43 N
Central Meridian: 075 00 00 East
Latitude of Origin: 0 00 00 North
False Easting: 500 000 m
False Northing: 0 m
Scale factor on Central Meridian: 0.9996
Units: metre
Notes:
1) Fugro Starfix navigation software always uses WGS84 geodetic parameters as a primary datum for any
geodetic calculations.
2) Source: Client. False Easting and False Northing was applied as per clients instructions.
3) This is the right-handed coordinate frame rotation convention used by the Fugro Starfix navigation software.
4.3 Control of Survey
4.3.1 Horizontal Control
Surface Positioning:- Fugros Starfix.HP DGPS Positioning System was used for positioning the
survey vessel during this survey. Navigation of the survey vessel was controlled by Fugros proprietary
Starfix.Seis PC based system.

4.3.2 Vertical Control
An automatic tide gauge (ATG) was installed at the north west of Vizhinjam jetty (new wharf), close to
the survey area, and was levelled to Client supplied SOI BM on a rock adjoining to basement on the
western side of Vizhinjam mosque (near the harbour entrance), which is 6.945 m above Chart Datum.
The tidal heights were logged during the entire tenure of survey and these observed tides were used
to reduce the raw water depths to Chat Datum. Refer Appendix B for the ATG deployment details and
observed Tidal Graphs.
4.4 Calibration, Verification and Tests

All survey equipment used for the survey were calibrated and bench tested prior to their mobilisation
for this task. In addition, after installation of these equipment on the survey vessel, extensive
calibration, verification and tests were carried out in the field and results were recorded in FSINPVTs
standard mobilisation report, before the survey equipment were deployed for data acquisition.
Standard survey methods were used for carrying out these calibrations / verifications, as described in
the following paragraphs. The results of field calibrations / verifications obtained for the survey
equipment were recorded in the mobilisation report.
4.4.1 Gyro Calibrations
Gyro was calibrated in the workshop and alignments checks were carried out in the field. The
summary of results of the heading sensor alignment check onboard the survey vessel is given in the
following table.
Table 4.2: Results of Heading Sensor Alignment Check M/B Pearls 1

Result of Heading Sensor Alignment Check - M/B Pearls 1
Date / Time Starfix.Seis Serial Accepted
Sensor Methodology C-O []
[UTC] Name No. C-O
By DGPS
28/02/2011, 08:25 Gyrocompass Gyro 256356 1.11 1.11
observations
4.4.2 DGPS Calibrations
The DGPS systems were bench tested against a known point at FSINPVT office workshop, prior to
mobilisation on to the survey vessel, and found to be satisfactory. Performance of the DGPS systems
was verified in the survey area by comparison method; summary of the results are given in the
following table:
Table 4.3: Positioning System Verification Results M/B Pearls 1

Positioning System Verification Results - M/B Pearls 1
Serial Starfix.Seis File Mean
Sensor Method SD
No. Name Type Differences
Primary & Primary GPS
-- Comparison XLS 0.04 0.05
Secondary DGPS & Sec GPS

4.4.3 Single Beam Echo Sounder
Odom Echotrac MK II dual frequency single beam echo sounder, with transducer operating at 33 kHz
& 210 kHz frequencies was used for measuring water depths. Sound velocity measurements were
carried out on a regular basis and the average sound velocity was fed into the echo sounder
accordingly. Digitised data was confirmed by inspection of analogue records. Prior to commencing
survey works the echo sounder was calibrated against a Bar Check. The summary of the results of
Bar check is given below:
Table 4.4: Results of SBES Bar Check M/B Pearls 1

SBES Bar check Results Summary
Frequency Bar check
Draft Water Logged [kHz] Results [m]
Serial Starfix.Seis
Date, Time [UTC] Set Column
Number Name High Low Mean
[m] VP [m/s] SD
[210] [33] Difference
28 Feb 2011, 16:07 257035 SBES MKII 1.56 1541 -0.01 0.004
The offsets of the echo sounder transducer from Central Reference Point on the survey vessel were
measured, recorded and reported in the mobilisation report.
On completion of successful Mobilisation, Calibration, Verification, and Testing of all equipment as per
the relevant work practices, the bathymetry survey task was commenced.
4.4.4 Multi Beam Echo Sounder
R2 Sonic 2024 multi beam echo sounder system was used for acquiring swath bathymetric data within
the survey area. The multi beam system was interfaced to the Starfix.Seis navigation suite. Data from
motion sensor, gyro compass and the DGPS system were simultaneously logged. The offsets of the
MBES transducer from Central Reference Point on the survey vessel was measured and recorded.
The system was initially tested and tuned for the best data quality. Multibeam echo sounder
calibration was performed as per the manufacturers recommended procedure and FSINPVTs
standard calibration procedures by running survey lines over an identified rock outcrop within the
survey area. This calibration served to check the roll, pitch and yaw alignment parameters of the
Multibeam transducer after installation of the transducer head. The summary of the results of
calibration are tabulated below.
Table 4.5: Results of MBES Calibaration

Multibeam Echo Sounder Calibration Results
MBES Sensor Latency Pitch Roll Heading
Date
Type Serial Number [] [] [] []
06 Mar 2011 R2 Sonic ---- 0.00 5.10 -3.50 -1.26
The correction values generated for latency, pitch, roll and yaw were applied accordingly during the
processing of data.

The velocity of sound in water was measured on regular basis using a velocity probe and the velocity
cast files, required for the processing of data were prepared accordingly. The performance and
operational settings (power, gain, pulse width, absorption, and spreading loss) of the multi beam echo
sounder system was monitored continuously using its native graphical interface.
4.4.5 Side Scan Sonar
Dual-channel dual frequency GeoAcoustics side scan sonar system and Fugros proprietary GLog /
GPlot geophysical digital data acquisition system were used for acquisition of side scan sonar data
within the area.
Rub Test:- The side scan sonar system was set up on the deck of the survey vessel and a rub test
was carried out on both the port and starboard transducers of the tow fish. The gain and grey-scale
settings were adjusted to balance the port and starboard channels of the side scan sonar system.
Wet Test:- The tow fish was thereafter, lowered into the water and a wet test was performed to check
that echo from targets were returning to both the channels. Side scan sonar settings used in the field
were as follows
Table 4.6: GeoAcoustics 159 DF Side Scan Sonar Settings.

GeoAcoustics Side Scan Sonar Settings
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m
Horizontal Beam width 1
Vertical Beam width 50
Depression Angle 10
Position of the side scan sonar tow fish was continuously logged during the survey following
conventional layback method. The side scan sonar data was digitally recorded on system hard disk
using Fugros GLog / GPlot digital data acquisition system..
4.4.6 Sub-bottom Profiler (Pinger)
GeoAcoustics 5430A sub-bottom profiler (pinger) system was deployed to obtain the sub-seabed
shallow geological information within the survey area. The following settings were initially done to
obtain optimum results.
Table 4.7: GeoAcoustics 5430A Pinger Settings

GeoAcoutics 5430A Pinger Settings
Transmit Power 5 to 10kW

Transmit Frequency 3.5 kHz
Trigger Period 150 ms
Beam width 55

Deck test of the SBP was carried out by listening to the audible clicks from the transducer. The
system was field tested / calibrated for high signal to noise ratio and for optimum sub-seabed acoustic
signal penetration. Performance of the system was verified by running few trial survey lines within the
survey area. The sub-bottom pipeline profiler data was digitally recorded on to hard disk using
Fugros GLog / GPlot digital data acquisition system.
4.4.7 Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer)
Boomer system was deployed for collecting the sub-seabed shallow geological information within the
survey area. An Applied Acoustic Engineering CSP -1500 with Boomer Plate was used as the seismic
energy source and the returning seismic signal was received by an Geopulse eight element
hydrophone array. The power output, `Time Variable Gain' amplifier and filter settings was selected in
order to achieve optimum resolution and necessary seabed penetration, depending on the prevailing
geological conditions.
The following general settings were initially done to obtain optimum results:
Table 4.8: Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer) Settings

Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer) Settings
Penetration Variable
Delay Variable
Output Energy 100 / 200 Joules
Firing Rate 250 ms.
Filter Setting Band 500-6000 Hz
Sweep 100ms
The Boomer system was field tested for high signal to noise ratio and for optimum signal penetration.
Performance of the system was verified in the survey field by carrying out a wet test. The Boomer
data was digitally recorded on to hard disk using Fugros GLog / GPlot digital data acquisition system..
The laybacks of Boomer and hydrophone astern the survey vessel was logged continuously during the
survey following the conventional layback method and the subsequent layback corrections were
applied during the interpretation of data.
4.4.8 GLog/GPlot System
The side scan sonar data and sub-bottom profiler data was logged in digital format using geophysical
data acquisition system running the GLog/GPlot software. The SSS data was logged in XTF format
and the SBP (pinger & boomer) data was logged in SEGY format.

4.4.9 Magnetometer
Marine Magnetics SeaSPY Marine Magnetometer was deployed for the magnetometer survey for
identifying the magnetic anomalies with in the survey limits. The system is an Overhauser
magnetometer system which measures the ambient magnetic field using Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Technology. The high sensitivity of the system enabled to detect even small targets at
quite large distances, depending on the background magnetic noise level.
The system was interfaced to the Starfix.Seis computer and the magnetometer data was logged as
FBF (Fugro Binary Format) files. The online monitoring of the magnetometer data was achieved
utilising Starfix-RT (Real Time) Graph. The magnetometer tow fish position was logged continuously
following conventional Layback Method. The cycling rate for the magnetometer was at 1 Hz
throughout the survey.
4.4.10 Soil Sampling
A Grab Sampler was used for collecting the surficial soil samples from the designated locations. The
survey boat was positioned at the proposed sampling locations prior to the deployment of Grab
Sampler. The soil samples collected were visually inspected onboard, packed properly and clearly
labelled. Later, these collected samples were sent to a reputed laboratory for sieve analysis.
4.5 Data Acquisition and Quality Control
4.5.1 Survey Line Keeping
Survey lines were planned as per scope of work and digital pre-plots for the area were prepared prior
to commencement of survey. These lines were run on the navigational computer while executing the
survey and this enabled the Navigator to guide the survey boat along the planned survey line all the
time.
4.5.2 Online Data Quality Control
The online navigation computer was interfaced to the GLog/GPlot system providing regular navigation
updates and fix annotation strings. All computers connected to the Navigation network were
synchronised with the GPS (high precision) 1PPS time signal by means of the Starfix Timing Module,
allowing all data to be time stamped.
The quality of geophysical data being recorded was constantly monitored in real time, and fine tuned
to obtain the best quality. The data was logged in raw GLog format for replay under various
parameters required. In addition to this, the side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiler (Pipeline Profiler)
data were recorded in XTF and SEG-Y formats respectively for immediate availability of the data to the
geophysicist for interpretation.
Navigation
The DGPS system performed well at all times. The performance of the Starfix.HP DGPS system was
continuously monitored using the Starfix.Seis navigation suite.

Heading
The Meridian Survey Gyrocompass performed well throughout the period of the survey.
Motion Sensor
The TSS DMS-05 motion sensor performed well throughout the period of the survey.
Echo Sounder
The Odom Echotrac MK II dual frequency single beam echo sounder performed well throughout the
duration of the survey.
R2 Sonic Multi Beam Echo Sounder

R2 Sonic Multi Beam Echo Sounder performed well throughout the duration of the survey.
Seaspy Marine Magnetometer

Seaspy Marine Magnetometer performed well throughout the duration of the survey.
Side Scan Sonar

GeoAcoustics side scan sonar system performed well through out the survey period. The tow system
was operated as per recommended manufacturers procedures. The tow fish was towed astern of the
survey vessel and its height above the seabed was maintained 10 to 20 % of the horizontal range,
providing optimum seabed return. The tow fish was tracked continuously using conventional layback
system.
Sub-bottom Profiler (Pinger)

Sub-bottom Profiler (pipeline profiler) system performed well during the survey. The system was
configured to the optimum settings so as to achieve maximum sub-seabed acoustic signal penetration
within the survey area. The acoustic signal penetration in pinger was limited to first few meters below
seabed due to acoustic impedance caused by the sand.
Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer)

Sub-bottom Profiler (Boomer) system performed well during the survey. The system was configured to
the optimum settings so as to achieve maximum sub-seabed acoustic signal penetration within the
survey area. The cable out of boomer plate and hydrophone astern the survey vessel was maintained
in order to m minimise the acoustic interferences from the survey boat or from any other source.
The boomer data was interpreted for the whole area due to maximum acoustic signal penetration
below seabed.
GLog/GPlot Logging Unit

The GLog/GPlot geophysical digital data acquisition system performed well throughout the survey.

4.5.3 Event Markings
The on-line computer system was interfaced for closure to the analogue traces on the survey vessel.
Event marks corresponding to position fixes were generated automatically from the on-line Navigation
Computer interface and passed to the analogue recorders at regular intervals of 50 m across the
ground.
4.5.4 Processing of Data
The survey data pertaining to bathymetry survey was logged using Starfix.Logging module and further
processed in Starfix.Proc software. The geophysical data was processed and interpreted using
Fugros in-house Starfix.Geophysical suite and the results were finally presented in drawing form
using the Auto CAD for windows.
4.6 Quality Assurance and HSE Procedures

FSINPVT has fully documented and duly audited Quality Assurance and Health, Safety and
Environmental System procedures in place. The same are followed during all surveying tasks
undertaken by the company.
Competent field survey staffs were provided by FSINPVT to constantly monitor data quality as the
survey progressed, and duly documented.
4.7 Demobilisation
Upon completion of all survey activities to clients satisfaction all survey sensors were retrieved and
the boat was demobilised on 13 March 2011.

5. SURVEY DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION METHODS
5.1 Survey Data Processing
5.1.1 General
The survey data were logged in Fugro Binary Format (FBF), and processed using the Starfix.Proc 9.1
software. Heading, motion and position data were processed and checked to ensure good data
quality. The position data for the various geophysical instruments were processed and plotted to allow
commencement of the interpretation of the geophysical data.
Starfix.Proc was used for the automated and manual processing of Starfix.Logging data sets.
.
5.1.2 Navigation and Positioning
The measured offsets for all survey sensors were entered into the navigation system and processed
using Starfix.Proc to enable track charts to be plotted and corrected navigation files to be integrated
with other sensor data during post processing. These included:
GPS position absolute of the primary positioning system

Common Reference Point
Single beam echo sounder
Multi beam echo sounder position
Pinger Position
Side scan sonar layback derived position
Boomer layback derived position
Hydrophone layback derived position
5.1.3 Bathymetry
Fugros own Starfix.Proc and Starfix Surface was used to import, quality check, and process the
navigation, bathymetry, tides and sound velocity data. The data was filtered, cleaned, and combined
to create geographically positioned bathymetric data set that has been corrected for tides and sound
speed.
5.1.4 Side Scan Sonar Data
Side scan sonar data was acquired and processed using Starfix.Geophysical Suite (GLog, GPlot &
SonarMap). Side scan sonar mosaics were created for interpreting seabed features.
The GPlot software provided real time processing of GLog raw files created during acquisition of side
scan sonar data which was stored in hard disk. GLog is a real time data acquisition system for sonar
and seismic data. The data was logged to hard disk and was directly sent to the data processing
system called GPlot. GLog was operated concurrently with GPlot.

GLog was also interfaced to Fugro's Real time navigation system that provided the time stamp for the
geophysical data, the vessel position, heading, water depth, and line name information. The GLog
system also permitted remote operation and logging control.
The GPlot software allowed to process and displays the acoustic data on the computer screen and the
data was recorded in XTF format.
Output was controlled by specifying or editing various parameters, e.g., filter settings, automatic
bottom tracking settings for knowing the fish height at any given point of time, time variable gain
settings, output file format (XTF / CAMOS) settings and printer settings.
XTF files had navigation populated in them and was merged with post-processed navigation data (Pos
files) later on. The Pos files contained the original Easting and Northing positions as well as the
processed and traced position data field with the name Corrected Easting and Corrected Northing.
The data was processed further and interpreted using SonarMap. It has two main functions, one is
making side scan sonar mosaic imagery and another is allowing the user to perform graphical
interpretation / digitization of the sonar data. Individual XTF files were grouped together as a mosaic
to interpret the seabed features. The interpretation was exported as report text / vector file. The
interpreted features were then plotted / opened in Microstation / AutoCAD software and saved as dgn /
dwg file for charting.
5.1.5 Sub-bottom Profiler Data
Sub-bottom Profiler Data was processed using Starfix.Geophysical Suite (GPlot, Interp) to interpret
sub seabed geology within the survey corridor.
The GPlot software provided real time processing, or post processing from GLog files of seismic
acoustic signals. GPlot is part of the Starfix.Geophysical Suite that also includes GLog.
GPlot provided real-time processing or post processing of acoustic data, which had been collected by
GLog. GPlot was interfaced directly to GLog via an Ethernet connection. The GPlot software allowed
to process and display the acoustic data on the computer screens and to record it in SEG-Y format.
Output was controlled by specifying or editing various parameters, e.g., filters settings, automatic
bottom tracking settings, swell settings, time variable gain settings, output file settings and printer
settings.
SEG-Y files had navigation populated in them and could be upgraded with post-processed data with
Navigation. The Navigational and depth data, with which the SEG-Y files were updated, was stored in
Pos files. These contained the original Easting and Northing positions as well as the processed and
filtered, Corrected Easting and Corrected Northing positions.

The interpretation of the sub-bottom profiler data (SEG-Y format) was done using Fugros in-house
single channel seismic processing software Starfix.Interp. Various "filters", "data enhancement" and
"display options" were applied to the data until the best visual representation was obtained. The
seabed was digitized either manually or by using the Auto Seabed option, with the number of shot
points between vertices adjustable.
The software appends the coordinates and other navigation information to the digitised interpretation.
Similarly, the software appends the coordinates and other navigation information to the digitised sub-
seabed reflectors of each SegY files. The digitized points were then exported to a data file containing
the XYZ (Easting, Northing, and Depth) information. These points were plotted using Microstation /
Auto Cad for charting.
5.1.6 Magnetometer Data
The Seaspy Marine magnetometer was interfaced to the Starfix.Seis computer and the data was
logged as FBF (Fugro Binary Format) files using Starfix.Logging. The online monitoring of the
magnetometer data was achieved by using Starfix.RT Graph. The magnetometer tow fish position
was calculated using conventional Layback Method and was logged as separate FBF files.
Later on, the data in the FBF files were processed and the navigational data was merged using
Starfix.Proc software. The magnetometer data was reviewed and interpreted from the processed POS
files using Starfix.MProc which could display the data graphically.
The magnitude of the anomaly and duration (width in meters) were measured from the graph and
plotted in AutoCAD. The results were presented in the seabed features panel of the chart and
tabulated in the text report.
5.2 Data Interpretation Methods
5.2.1 Bathymetry
The recorded depths within the survey area were reduced to chart datum using predicted tides for
Mumbai High Field respectively.
The following classification was generally adopted to define bathymetric gradients:
<1 Very gentle
1 - 5 Gentle
5 - 10 Moderate
10 - 15 Steep
>15 Very steep
5.2.2 Seabed Classification
The nature of the seabed sediments within the survey area was classified primarily based on the
reflectivity pattern of the seabed observed in the side scan sonar records. Appropriate references
from single beam & multibeam echo sounder data, sub-bottom profiler data and soil samples taken by
Grab sampler were taken as and when required.

5.2.3 Seabed Features
Attributes of different seabed features within the survey were established primarily from the side scan
sonar data. Appropriate references from single beam echo sounder data and sub-bottom profiler data
were taken wherever required.
5.2.4 Sonar Contacts
Individual features with high reflectivity on the side scan sonar records were termed as sonar contacts.
These include, but are not limited to the following:
Debris : Defined as most probable man made object. Object having length and width or
length, width and height. It has got definite shape and outline on the side scan
sonar records.
Hard Contact : Defined as an object with a high acoustic reflectivity on the acoustic records with
no measurable height above seabed. This can be man made or objects with
geological origin.
Linear Contact : High reflective linear feature observed on the side scan sonar records, generally
of unknown origin, with their length being prominent compared to width and
height.
5.2.5 Shallow Geology
All sedimentary units defined in the chart and respective sections of the text report are based on an
assessment of the recorded acoustic characteristics of the seabed and sub-seabed nature of
sediments. A constant primary-wave velocity of 1600 m/sec was used for the two-way travel time to
depth conversion. The different sedimentary units were interpreted and digitized in the sub-bottom
records.
Isopachs of the topmost sedimentary unit are depicted on the charts. Isopachs are contours
connecting points of equal thickness. Isopachs are true stratigraphic thicknesses; i.e. perpendicular to
bedding surfaces.
5.2.6 Magnetic Anomalies
The cycling rate for the magnetometer was kept at 1 Hz throughout the survey. A value greater than
5 nano Tesla (nT) against the background magnetic intensity was used as the criteria to detect
possible anomalous magnetic objects.
The value of the magnetic anomalies depends on several factors such as distance from the source
causing the anomaly, direction of magnetisation of the source with respect to the earths field, ferrous
content of the object, ambient magnetic noise etc. No conclusions could be drawn from the value of
the magnetic anomaly alone regarding the nature or type of the source causing the anomaly. The
positional accuracy of the interpreted magnetic anomalies depends on a combination of the vessel
positioning, layback calculations for the tow fish relative to the vessel.

5.2.7 Soil Samples
Seabed soil samples were collected using Grab sampler at the planned locations. The samples were
analysed on-board for its colour and texture. It was labelled and sealed properly for further on-shore
laboratory analysis.

6. RESULTS OF SURVEY
The results of geophysical survey carried out for the area as defined in Table 2.1 are detailed in the
following sections. The following text should be read in conjunction with the Samples of field records
given in Appendix C and List of deliverables given in Appendix E.
6.1 Bathymetry
All raw water depths were reduced to Chart Datum using observed tides at Vizhinjam harbour.
In general, the seabed within the survey area was gently sloping down towards south west, i.e. from
shore line towards sea. No significant bathymetric undulations were recorded within the survey area
except the uneven seabed observed on the rock outcropping areas.
Water depths within the survey area were ranging between a minimum of 0.0 m (at the northern
extreme of the survey area, near to shore line) and a maximum of 22.5 m (at the southern extreme of
the survey area).
Isobaths at 1 m interval are depicted on the charts. Generally, Isobaths within the survey area are
oriented parallel to the coast line, except the unevenness observed at the rock outcropping areas.
6.2 Seabed Type and Features

Seabed sediments within the survey area was classified into following types based on the acoustic
reflectivity observed on the side scan sonar records.
Type 1: Low to medium reflective seabed interpreted as Clayey / Silty Fine SAND
Type 2: Medium reflective seabed interpreted as fine to medium SAND
Type 3: High reflective seabed interpreted as Rock Outcrops
In general, Type 1 and Type 2 sediments were predominant within the survey area and were randomly
distributed over the survey area. Rock out crops (Type 3) was predominant in areas close to the shore
line. Distribution of various seabed types within the survey area is depicted on the charts
accompanying this report.
No significant seabed features were identified within the survey area other than the break water
recorded in areas close to the Vizhinjam harbour mouth.
6.3 Sonar Contacts

Total five (5) sonar contacts were recorded within the survey area. All the sonar contacts were found
without any measurable height and were classified as hard contacts and their origin is un-known. The
details of the sonar contacts are tabulated below:

Table 6.1: Sonar Contacts within the Survey Area

Sonar Contacts within the Survey Area
WGS84 Datum, UTM Projection (CM 075 E, Zone 43 N)
Dimensions in metres
ID Easting (m) Northing (m) Remarks
(Length x Width x Height)*
SC01 719 487.50 924 797.76 1.7 x 0.7 x nmh Hard Contact
*nmh: - no measurable height
6.4 Pipelines / Cables

No existing pipelines / cables were identified on the survey records within the survey area.
6.5 Shallow Geology

The sub-seabed acoustic signal penetration achieved was variable within the survey area and the
maximum penetration achieved was approximate 40 m below seabed. Scattering of the acoustic
signals due to the thick layers of SAND and high acoustic impedance offered by the weathered rock
layers were the limitations in achieving better acoustic signal penetration within the survey area.
From the sub-bottom profiler records, the stratigraphic sequence within the surveyed area can be
broadly classified into two major sedimentary units topmost Sandy unit underlain by weathered rock
unit. However, the topmost Sandy unit was further classified into different sub-units based on the
acoustic reflectors identified from the sub-bottom profiler records and are presumed to be due to the
variation in density / compaction of the sediments with depth. The order of super position of the
sedimentary units and its textural characteristics interpreted were as follows:-
a) Loose to medium dense Silty SAND

b) Medium dense SAND with Clay / Silt intercalations
c) Very Dense Firm Sand
d) Weathered Rock layer
Loose to medium dense Silty SAND unit was the topmost geological unit throughout the survey area
except in areas wherever rock out crops was recorded. The thickness of this unit was varying between
< 1m and 9 m within the survey area. Isopachs at 1 m interval, showing the thickness of this unit, are
depicted on the charts.
Sedimentary unit underlying the topmost unit was interpreted as medium dense SAND. The
intermittent parallel / sub-parallel internal reflectors within this unit can be attributed to presence of thin
layers of Silt / Clay within this unit. This unit was present throughout the survey area except at the rock
outcropping areas.

The very dense firm Sand unit was found underlying the Medium dense Sand unit and was identified
mainly in the seaward side of the survey area. Generally, the thickness of this unit was not noticeable
from the records due to the limited penetration of the acoustic signals through this unit.
The weathered rock layer unit was overlain by the Sand unit throughout the survey area except at the
outcropping locations. The outcropping areas were mainly close to the shore line. The top of the
weathered rock was identified from the records due to the high seismic impedance offered by this unit
to the seismic energies and little acoustic signal penetration beyond this unit. This unit was not
traceable from the sub-bottom records throughout the survey areas, particularly wherever this unit was
going deeper. Scattering of the seismic energies due to the thick layers of SAND overlaying this unit
and the presence of the multiples of seabed / acoustic reflectors on the sub-bottom profiler records at
the depth level of interest were the main constraints for tracing the rock layer through out the survey
area. However, the details of the top of the weathered rock layer, wherever traceable, are depicted on
the charts.
Interpretative geological profiles along all the longitudinal survey lines are depicted on the charts.
Isobath/depth in meters below seabed of base of medium dense Sand and top of rock at 1 m interval
for the survey area is given in isobath chart.
About 20 boreholes were drilled in a separate geotechnical survey campaign carried out by Fugro
Geotech Pvt. Ltd. (FGPL). The results obtained from the interpretation of the geophysical survey data
were correlated with the borehole data. To obtain meaningful results, only those boreholes that are <
10 m distance from the SBP (boomer) survey lines were considered for correlation purpose. The
following table gives the correlation results:
Correlation of top of rock interpreted from geophysical record and bore hole data
Borehole ID Top of rock from Top of rock from sub- Difference in Remarks
Borehole (m) bottom profiler (m) depth (m)
RV-02 11.5 9.0 +2.5 2.6 m@221
TA-04 13.4 15.9 -2.5 1.9 m@228
RV-01 1.45 0.0 +1.45 9.7 m@228
(No penetration
in SBP)
TA-03 12.3 11.0 +1.3 5.3 m@222
From the above table a maximum difference of 2.5 m is noticed between the top of rock identified in
geophysical record and borehole data. This difference could be attributed to the highly irregular top
surface of the basement rock within short distance, and also due to the highly weathered nature of the
top of rock and the designed resolution accuracy of +/- I m of the boomer equipment deployed.
The isopach reflector for loose to medium dense silty Sand correlates well with the borehole RV-02,
TA-04, RV-01, AC-03 and TA-03 with a maximum difference of 1.5 m in thickness/layer depth. No
meaningful correlation could be made between geophysical interpretation results and borehole data at
location BW-05 and BA-02 which are 5 m and 7 m away from the survey line respectively.

6.6 Magnetic Anomalies

Most of the disturbances observed on the magnetometer records were associated with external
interferences mainly due to the heavy fishing activities within the survey area. Total thirty five (35)
magnetic anomalies were identified from the survey records. Some of these anomalies may be
associated with some existing nearby structures and some are of un-known origin. Some of these
anomalies could be attributed to the rock outcrops prevailing in those areas. Details of the magnetic
anomalies are tabulated below:
Table 6.2: Magnetic Anomalies within the Survey Area

Magnetic Anomalies within the Survey Area
Range of Anomaly in nano Teslas /
Sl No. Easting (m) Northing (m) Remarks
Width of anomaly in metres
1 719 930.46 926 152.40 138 nT/ 66 m
2 719 815.54 926 082.18 180 nT/ 203 m
3 719 823.05 926 021.28 274 nT/ 130 m
Possibly due to the
4 719 817.91 925 954.54 216 nT/ 54 m
rock outcrops
5 720 349.73 925 639.52 23 nT/ 76 m
6 720 486.38 925 445.52 128 nT/ 57 m
7 720 825.70 924 968.83 127 nT/ 42 m
8 721 074.74 924 224.47 33 nT/19 m Un known
9 721 631.67 923 668.11 18 nT /48 m Un known
10 721 527.93 923 743.59 45 nT /68 m Un known
11 721 467.51 923 814.08 46 nT /30 m Un known
12 721 104.89 924 088.29 30 nT /20 m Un known
13 721 003.42 924 232.86 24 nT /16 m Un known
Possibly due to
14 718 981.89 926 015.62 16 nT /10 m proximity to the
Electricity generator
15 721 215.68 923 977.63 30 nT /31 m Un known
16 721 295.10 923 919.80 30 nT /19 m Un known
17 721 442.58 923 797.46 34 nT /15 m Un known
18 721 510.91 923 727.75 26 nT /27 m Un known
19 720 862.76 924 236.96 51 nT /54 m Un known
Possibly due to
21 720 794.92 924 233.73 40 nT /42 m Un known
22 721 475.13 923 150.53 10 nT /15 m Un known
23 722 179.50 922 526.36 7 nT /9 m Un known
24 721 112.82 924 285.31 47 nT /31 m Un known
25 721 047.97 924 361.64 11 nT /18 m Un known
Possibly due to
27 719 648.30 925 714.71 11 nT /28 m Un known
28 719 993.14 925 547.00 30 nT /20 m Un known
29 720 879.65 924 839.38 10 nT /14 m Un known

30 719 997.84 925 560.95 77 nT /14 m Un known

31 720 066.61 925 613.41 33 nT /21 m Un known
32 721 035.17 924 655.14 21 nT /35 m Un known
33 720 898.87 924 871.57 6 nT /11 m Un known
34 720 409.32 925 515.64 22 nT /9 m Un known
Possibly due to the
35 720 365.12 925 597.98 13 nT /10 m
rock outcrop
6.7 Shallow Soil Samples

Grab sampling was attempted at twenty (20) Client supplied locations within the survey area and
nineteen (19) surficial soil samples were collected. Onboard analysis of the soil samples were carried
out and found all samples were Sandy in nature. The soils samples later landed on the laboratory for
sieve analysis. Details of the locations of the shallow soil samples and laboratory results of sieve
analysis carried out are placed in Appendix D.

APPENDICES
A. DIARY OF EVENTS

A. DIARY OF EVENTS
(1 page)
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix A

Date of Mobilisation : 14 February 2011

Date of Demobilisation : 13 March 2011
Diary of Events
Date Events
14 February 2011 Mobilisation of survey equipment on board survey boat
15 February 2011 Carried out magnetometer survey
18 February 2011 Carried out magnetometer survey, Standby as per office instruction
26 February 2011 Mobilisation of survey equipment and welding activity on board survey boat.
27 February 2011 Continued mobilisation of survey equipment and wet/deck tests carried out.
28 February 2011 Tide gauge installation, Multibeam calibration lines performed.
1 March 2011 Multibeam calibration completed and Geophysical survey carried out.
2 March 2011 Geophysical survey carried out.
11 March 2011 Geophysical survey carried out, Grab sampling carried out at two locations.
12 March 2011 Grab sampling completed; started demobilisation of equipments.
13 March 2011 Demobilisation of survey equipments completed.
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix A

(4 pages)
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix B

Tidal Observation Form (for Pressure sensors)
Job No. J-Mar-11-006
Bench Mark /
Client Fugro Geotech Ltd. Station Name:
Fugro Survey (India) Pvt. Ltd. Vizhinjam
D-222/30, TTC Industrial Area, Location
MIDC, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Pin - 400 706 (India) Lat / Long
Date 28-Feb-11 Time Kept: UTC+
JOB DESCRIPTION
1. Purpose of Observing Tides For carrying out geophysical survey.
2. Period of Observations Start: 28 Feb 2011 End: 12 Mar 2011
Tide Gauge Type: Valeport 710

3. Tide Gauge used
ATG Sl No: 257820
4. Observer Aslam Ahmed

LOCATION, ACCESS & Station is loacted North West of side of jetty and can be accessed from
MARKING ON BM measuring 12.40m from East face and 0.08m from North face of the jetty.
DESCRIPTION &
3.135m
VALUE OF BM
Tide Gauge Setup Details Notes / Remarks
A. Ht of BM above CD/LAT 3.135m Data Sourced From:Client Supplied
B. Ht of ATG Sensor from BM 4.28m Checked on:
C. Ht of ATG below CD 1.145m C=(B-A) > 1m

D. Whether Ht below CD to sensor,
Yes / No No
feeded on Tide gauge
N
TIDE Gauge SETUP PHOTOGRAPH OF BM & ATG SETUP
BM Level
Jetty Level
A
MSL
B
CD/LAT
ATG ATG Sensor Level

Sensor
Originator: FSINPVT Survey Manager Doc No. : SURV/A/14(Rev.0)

Date: 11 Jan 2010 Page 1 of 1
Tidal Site Calibration Form
Job No. J-Mar-11-006
Bench Mark /
Client Fugro Geotech Ltd. Station Name:
Fugro Survey (India) Pvt. Ltd. Vizhinjam
D-222/30, TTC Industrial Area, Location
MIDC, Nerul, Navi Mumbai
Pin - 400 706 (India) Lat / Long Fugro BM
Date 28-Feb-11 Time 11:45
JOB DESCRIPTION
Tide Gauge Type: Valeport 710
1. Tide Gauge used
ATG Sl No: 257820
2. Calibration Method Used Manual
WATER HEIGHT RECORDINGS

Actual [m] Observed [m]
0.5 0.495
1.0 1.03
1.5 1.5
2.0 2.01
Remarks / Notes :
Aslam Ahmed Manoj Thakare

ATG Setup By Checked By
Originator: FSINPVT Survey Manager Doc No. : SURV/A/13(Rev.0)

Date: 11 Jan 2010 Page 1 of 1
GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FOR VIZHINJAN DEEPWATER INTERNATIONAL TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix B

(17 pages)
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix C

Side Scan Sonar Field Record - Extract No. 1

Project No : J-MAR-11-006 Client Name : Fugro Geotech Pvt. Ltd Image Details:-
Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey GeoAcoustics Side Scan Sonar mosaic showing area
of Rock Outcrops; shown as Type 3 sediments on the
PL Route : NA Survey Line No : NA charts
KP No : NA Fix No : NA
North
Rock Outcrops
General Information Results of Interpretation

Date of Survey Feb 14 to Mar 13 2011
Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Survey Equipment GeoAcoustics Side Scan Sonar
Recording Medium GLog / GPlot System
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m


Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey GeoAcoustics Side Scan Sonar mosaic of the whole
survey area
PL Route : NA Survey Line No : NA
North
Type 3 Sediments
Type 1 Sediments
Type 2 Sediments

Date of Survey Feb 14 to Mar 13 2011 TYPE 1 - Low to Medium reflective seabed (CLAYEY/SILTY FINE
Vessel M/B Pearls-1 SAND)
TYPE 2 - Medium Reflective seabed (Fine to Medium SAND)
TYPE 3 - High reflective seabed (Rock Outcrops)
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m


Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey GeoAcoustics Side Scan data showing sonar contact
SC01.
PL Route : NA Survey Line No : MAIN-001_301
North
SC01

Date of Survey Feb 14 to Mar 13 2011 SC01 (1.7 x 0.7 x nmh) -Hard contact
Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m


SC02.
North
SC02

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m


SC03.
North
SC03

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m


Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey GeoAcoustics Side Scan data showing Sonar contact
SC04.
North
SC04

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 100 kHz
Range 75 m

MBES Tiff Image - Extract No. 7

Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey R2Sonic Multibeam Echo sounder tiff image showing
rock out crops within survey area
North
Rock Outcrops

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Survey Equipment R2 Sonic Mutibeam Echo sounder
Recording Medium Starfix.Seis
Frequency 300 kHz
Range Variable

MBES Tiff Image - Extract No. 8

Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey R2Sonic Multibeam Echo sounder tiff image showing
the whole survey area
North

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Survey Equipment R2 Sonic Mutibeam Echo sounder
Frequency 300 kHz
Range Variable

Sub-bottom Profiler Record - Extract No. 9

Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey Boomer data showing the shallow geological
stratigraphy of the survey area
PL Route : Survey Line No : Mainline 006
KP No : Fix No : 9919 - 9925
Seabed Fix No.
Acoustic Reflectors
Multiple Reflections (noise)

10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Survey Equipment Applied Acoustics Boomer System
Recording Medium GLog / GPlot
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms


KP No : Fix No : 5069 - 5077
Seabed
Fix No.
Acoustic Reflectors

10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms


KP No : Fix No : 9758 - 9767
Seabed
Fix No.
Acoustic Reflectors
Top of weathered ROCK Layer
10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms


KP No : Fix No : 9434 - 9439
Fix No.
Seabed
Loose to medium dense Silty SAND
Medium dense SAND

Weathered ROCK
10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms


KP No : Fix No : 5892 - 5900
Fix No.
Seabed
Loose to medium dense Silty SAND
Weathered ROCK Medium dense SAND
10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms


Boomer data showing the shallow geological
Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey stratigraphy of the survey area
KP No : Fix No : 10108 - 10116
Fix No.
Seabed
Rock Outcrop
10 ms (approx 8m)
50 m

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Frequency 0.2 6 kHz
Range 100 ms

Magnetometer Field Record Extract No. 15

SeaSpy Marine Magnetometer data showing Magnetic
Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey Anomalies within the survey area.
Y Axis Magnetic Field (nT)
128 nT / 56 m
274 nT / 130 m
X Axis - Time

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Survey Equipment SeaSPY Marine Magnetometer
Cycle 1 Hz


Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey SeaSpy Marine Magnetometer data showing Magnetic
Anomalies within the survey area.
138 nT / 66 m
X Axis - Time

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Cycle 1 Hz


Location : Vizhinjam, Kerala Survey Type : Geophysical Survey SeaSpy Magnetometer data showing Magnetic
Anomalies within the survey area.
180 nT / 203 m
X Axis - Time

Vessel M/B Pearls-1
Cycle 1 Hz

(8 pages)
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix D

Appendix D1: Details of Grab Samples
Details of Grab Samples

ID Easting (m) Northing (m) Onboard Analysis
GS 1 720341 923997 Fine Sand
GS 2 721074 924567 Fine Sand
GS 3 720895 924121 Fine Sand
GS 4 720654 923687 No recovery
GS 5 721350 923545 Sand with shell fragments
GS 6 721525 922934 Sand
GS 7 721922 922935 Sand
GS 8 722315 922623 Silty fine Sand
GS 16 719227 924957 Fine Sand
GS 17 719754 924895 Fine Sand
GS 18 719822 924426 Fine Sand
GS 19 720147 924564 Fine Sand
GS 20 720361 924664 Fine Sand
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix D

Laboratory Tests Summary
Job No. : Date : 28.03.2011
Project : Laboratory testing of Soil Samples for Fugro Survey India Pvt. Ltd.
Client: FUGRO SURVEY INIDIA PVT. LTD.
CLASSIFICATION TESTS DENSITY & MOISTURE CONTENT
Moisture
Sl. No. Sample No. Test Location Atterberg Limits(%) Particle Size Distribution(%) Content (%) Density (Mg/m3)
Sand
WL WP IP Clay Silt Gravel Bulk Dry
Fine Medium Coarse
1 GS-01 SBL -- -- -- 2 9 82 7 0 -- -- --
2 GS-02 SBL -- -- -- 2 64 33 1 0 -- -- --
3 GS-03 SBL -- -- -- 2 73 24 1 0 -- -- --
4 GS-05 SBL -- -- -- 2 13 65 20 0 -- -- --
5 GS-06 SBL -- -- -- 0 38 61 1 0 -- -- --
6 GS-07 SBL -- -- -- 1 15 72 12 0 -- -- --
7 GS-08 SBL -- -- -- 2 66 32 0 0 -- -- --
8 GS-09 SBL -- -- -- 2 66 32 0 0 -- -- --
9 GS-10 SBL -- -- -- 4 69 27 0 0 -- -- --
10 GS-11 SBL -- -- -- 6 18 47 28 1 0 -- -- --
11 GS-12 SBL -- -- -- 3 85 12 0 0 -- -- --
12 GS-13 SBL -- -- -- 7 29 59 4 1 0 -- -- --
Laboratory Tests Summary
Job No. : Date : 28.03.2011
Project : Laboratory testing of Soil Samples for Fugro Survey India Pvt. Ltd.
Client: FUGRO SURVEY INIDIA PVT. LTD.
CLASSIFICATION TESTS DENSITY & MOISTURE CONTENT
Moisture
Sl. No. Sample No. Test Location Atterberg Limits(%) Particle Size Distribution(%) Content (%) Density (Mg/m3)
Sand
WL WP IP Clay Silt Gravel Bulk Dry
Fine Medium Coarse
13 GS-14 SBL -- -- -- 3 83 14 0 0 -- -- --
14 GS-15 SBL -- -- -- 2 81 16 1 0 -- -- --
15 GS-16 SBL -- -- -- 2 87 11 0 0 -- -- --
16 GS-17 SBL -- -- -- 2 83 15 0 0 -- -- --
17 GS-18 SBL -- -- -- 1 64 34 1 0 -- -- --
18 GS-19 SBL -- -- -- 2 50 47 1 0 -- -- --
19 GS-20 SBL -- -- -- 2 67 31 0 0 -- -- --
SAMPLE TYPE : Disturbed Samples collected from Sea Bed Grab

( samples) : Information furnished by Client, FSINPVT
Samples are tested as Abbreviations used W Liquid Limit I Plasticity Index % Percentage
L P
Note : submitted to FGTL Lab.
3
WP Plastic Limit NP Non Plastic Mg/m Mega Gram per cubic meter
Format No. Revision No. Checked By Approved By

FM-LAB-TEST-15 NIL NS AS
Title : Particle Size Distribution

Project : Laboratory testing of soil samples for Fugro Survey India Pvt. Ltd. Job No. 383/11
Client : Fugro Survey India Pvt. Ltd. Method of Test BS : 1377 (Part - 2) Date 24.03.2011
Sample No. Sampling Location Sample ID No. Sample No. Sampling Location Sample ID No.
GS-1 Sea Bed 383/D-1/SB1 GS-2 Sea Bed 383/D-1/SB2
Sand Sand
Clay Silt Gravel Clay Silt Gravel
Fine Medium Coarse Fine Medium Coarse
2 9 82 7 0 2 64 33 1 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
Percentage Finer (%)

60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Particle Diameter (mm) Particle Diameter (mm)
D10 D30 D60 Cu Cc D10 D30 D60 Cu Cc

#NUM! -124.04 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -982.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sand Sand
2 73 24 1 0 2 13 65 20 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20
20
10
10
0
0
0.001 0.01 0.1Particle Diameter (mm)
1 10 100
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 (mm)
Particle Diameter 10 100

-544.667 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #NUM! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Prepared By Checked By Approved By

AKJ NS AS
Format No. Revision No. Revision Date Sheet No.

FM-LAB-TEST-06 00 NIL 2 of 2

Sand Sand
0 38 61 1 0 1 15 72 12 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70

60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Sand Sand
2 66 32 0 0 2 66 32 0 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 (mm) 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1Particle Diameter (mm)
1 10 100
Particle Diameter


AKJ NS AS


Sand Sand
4 69 27 0 0 6 18 47 28 1 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70

60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

#NUM! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sand Sand
3 85 12 0 0 7 29 59 4 1 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10
10
0
0
1 10 100
Particle Diameter

-982.000 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.027 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

AKJ NS AS


GS. No. Sampling Location Sample ID No. GS. No. Sampling Location Sample ID No.
Sand Sand
3 83 14 0 0 2 81 16 1 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70

60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

Sand Sand
2 87 11 0 0 2 83 15 0 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10
10
0
0
1 10 100
Particle Diameter


AKJ NS AS


Sand Sand
1 64 34 1 0 2 50 47 1 0
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70

60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100

GS. No. Sampling Location Sample ID No. GS. No. Depth Sample ID No.
GS-20 Sea Bed 383/D-1/SB19 0 SBL 0
Sand Sand
2 67 31 0 0 #DIV/0! #### #### #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10
10
0
0
1 10 100
Particle Diameter


AKJ NS AS

(1 page and 7 charts)
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix E

LIST OF DELIVERABLES
A. List of Reports / Documents to be submitted

No. of
Sr.
Type of Report / Document Reporting Schedule Copies Remarks
No.
(Hard)
1 Survey Procedure (QA Document) 7th February 2011 - MS Word plus PDF submitted
Mobilisation Report (With Results of
2 On completion of Mob. 1 Submitted in FSINPVT office
Calibration)
3 Field Reports On progressive basis - Submitted in FSINPVT office
4 Draft Report on Survey 2 weeks from demob 1 This report
1 week from receipt of After incorporating clients
5 Final Report on Survey 3
client comments comments
B. List of Charts to be delivered with the Draft / Final Report

No. of Hard
Sr. No. of No of
Chart Contents Scale Copies
No. Sheets Panels
Draft Final
1. Bathymetry & Seabed Features 1 2 H 1:5,000
H 1:5,000 1 2
2. Geological Profiles As per area Variable
V 1:500
C. List of Charts accompanying this Final Report

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY
Drawing Number
Sr. KP / Chart J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-
Chart Description Rev. No. HS VS
No. Sheet No. No. 060/FGEOTECH/VIZHINJ
AM/BS/BSI/
Bathymetry, Seabed
1 01 of 01 01 of 09 01/5320 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 -
Features and Isopachs
2 Seabed and 01 of 06 02 of 09 01/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
Interpretative
3 02 of 06 03 of 09 02/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
Geological Profiles
4 03 of 06 04 of 09 03/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
5 04 of 06 05 of 09 04/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
6 05 of 06 06 of 09 05/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
7 06 of 06 07 of 09 06/5321 R1/Rev.1 1:5000 1:500
8 MBES shaded relief
and Side Scan Sonar 01 of 01 08 of 09 01/5434 R0/Rev.0 1:5000 --
mosaic image
9 Isobath for Medium
Dense Sand & Isobath 01 of 01 09 of 09 01/5435 R0/Rev.0 1:5000 --
for Top of Rock
Total Number of Drawings : 09
FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Appendix E

Vizhinjam Port Fugrogeophysicalreport

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FUGRO GEOTECH PVT. LTD.

GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY FOR VIZHINJAM DEEP WATER INTERNATIONAL TRANSHIPMENT TERMINAL

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1

VOLUME 1: REPORT ON SURVEY WITH CHARTS / DRAWINGS.

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE 1

2. SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS 3

3. RESOURCES FOR SURVEY WORK 5

5. SURVEY DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION METHODS 16

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page i

6.5 Shallow Geology 22

B. ATG - OBSERVED TIDES

C. SAMPLES OF FIELD RECORDS FROM SURVEY SENSORS

D. SHALLOW SOIL SAMPLES

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page ii

ATG Automatic Tide Gauge

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page iii

1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

To obtain data on bathymetry, seabed topography and sub-seabed geology.

1.3 Scope of Work & Specification

Table 1.1: Limits of Survey Area

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 1

Limits of Survey Area

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 2

2. SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS

2.2 Seabed Type and Features

2.3 Sonar Contacts

2.4 Shallow Geology

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 3

2.5 Magnetic Anomalies

2.6 Soil Samples

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 4

3. RESOURCES FOR SURVEY WORK

Table 3.1: List of Survey Personnel

Table 3.2: List of Survey Equipment Mobilised for Survey Work

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 5

Equipment / System Description / Make / Model/Resolution /Accuracies

3.3 Survey Boat

3.4 Vessel Offset Diagram

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 6

Side Scan Sonar GeoAcoustics Pinger

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 7

4.2 Geodetic and Projection Parameters

Table 4.1: Geodetic Parameters

4.3 Control of Survey

4.3.1 Horizontal Control

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 8

4.3.2 Vertical Control

4.4 Calibration, Verification and Tests

4.4.1 Gyro Calibrations

Table 4.2: Results of Heading Sensor Alignment Check M/B Pearls 1

4.4.2 DGPS Calibrations

Table 4.3: Positioning System Verification Results M/B Pearls 1

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 9

4.4.3 Single Beam Echo Sounder

Table 4.4: Results of SBES Bar Check M/B Pearls 1

4.4.4 Multi Beam Echo Sounder

Table 4.5: Results of MBES Calibaration

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 10

4.4.5 Side Scan Sonar

Table 4.6: GeoAcoustics 159 DF Side Scan Sonar Settings.

4.4.6 Sub-bottom Profiler (Pinger)

Table 4.7: GeoAcoustics 5430A Pinger Settings

Transmit Power 5 to 10kW

FSINPVT Report No. J-MAR-11-006/MO 2011-060/R1/Rev.1 Page 11